4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Platform-Specific
56 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
66 =item Running Perl programs
68 =item Basic syntax overview
70 =item Perl variable types
72 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
74 =item Variable scoping
76 =item Conditional and looping constructs
78 if, while, for, foreach
80 =item Builtin operators and functions
82 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
87 =item Regular expressions
89 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
90 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
92 =item Writing subroutines
96 =item Using Perl modules
104 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/10/16
113 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
115 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
117 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
121 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
123 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
125 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
127 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
129 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
131 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
135 =item About the perlfaq documents
139 =item Where to get the perlfaq
141 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
143 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
150 =item Author and Copyright Information
154 =item Bundled Distributions
162 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
163 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
164 Initial Release: 11/March/97
168 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
176 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
186 =item Simple statements
188 =item Compound statements
196 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
200 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
202 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
208 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
222 =item Scalar value constructors
224 =item List value constructors
228 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
236 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
246 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
248 =item The Arrow Operator
250 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
254 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
256 =item Binding Operators
258 =item Multiplicative Operators
260 =item Additive Operators
262 =item Shift Operators
264 =item Named Unary Operators
266 =item Relational Operators
268 =item Equality Operators
272 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
274 =item C-style Logical And
276 =item C-style Logical Or
278 =item Range Operators
280 =item Conditional Operator
282 =item Assignment Operators
286 =item List Operators (Rightward)
292 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
294 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
296 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
298 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
300 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
302 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
303 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
304 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
305 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
307 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
309 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
310 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
311 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
312 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
317 =item Constant Folding
319 =item Bitwise String Operators
321 =item Integer Arithmetic
323 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
331 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
341 =item Private Variables via my()
343 =item Persistent Private Variables
345 =item Temporary Values via local()
347 =item Lvalue subroutines
349 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
351 =item When to Still Use local()
353 =item Pass by Reference
357 =item Constant Functions
359 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
363 =item Subroutine Attributes
371 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
379 =item Perl Functions by Category
381 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
382 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
383 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
384 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
385 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
386 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
387 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
388 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
389 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
390 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
395 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
397 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
398 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
399 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
400 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
401 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
402 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
403 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
404 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
405 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
406 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
407 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
408 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
409 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
410 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
411 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
412 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
413 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
414 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
415 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
416 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
417 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
418 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
419 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
420 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
421 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
422 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
423 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
424 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
425 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
426 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
427 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
428 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
429 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
430 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
431 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
432 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
433 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
434 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
435 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
436 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
437 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
438 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
439 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
440 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
441 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
442 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
443 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
444 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
445 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
446 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
447 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
448 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
449 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
450 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
451 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
452 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
453 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
454 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
455 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
456 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
457 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
458 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
459 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
460 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
461 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
462 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
463 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
464 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
465 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
466 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
467 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
468 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
474 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
480 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
488 =item Making References
490 =item Using References
508 =item Distribution Conditions
514 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
520 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
521 more elaborate constructs
525 =item COMMON MISTAKES
527 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
529 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
535 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
539 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
541 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
543 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
547 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
551 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
553 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
555 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
559 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
563 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
565 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
567 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
571 =item HASHES OF HASHES
575 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
577 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
579 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
583 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
587 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
589 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
591 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
603 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
613 =item Simple word matching
615 =item Using character classes
617 =item Matching this or that
619 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
621 =item Extracting matches
623 =item Matching repetitions
627 =item Search and replace
629 =item The split operator
637 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
641 =item Acknowledgments
647 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
655 =item Ordinary Paragraph
657 =item Verbatim Paragraph
659 =item Command Paragraph
661 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
662 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
663 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
664 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
666 =item Formatting Codes
668 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
669 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
670 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
671 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
672 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
673 (zero-effect) formatting code
677 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
679 =item Hints for Writing Pod
689 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
696 =item Pod Definitions
700 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
701 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
703 =item Pod Formatting Codes
705 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
706 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
707 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
708 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
709 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
710 contains non-breaking spaces
712 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
714 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
716 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
718 =item About =over...=back Regions
720 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
728 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
736 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
754 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
756 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
757 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
758 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
759 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
761 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
763 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
764 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
765 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
769 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
771 =item Numerical Traps
773 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
775 =item General data type traps
777 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
778 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
780 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
782 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
784 =item Precedence Traps
786 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
789 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
791 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
792 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
795 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
797 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
803 =item Interpolation Traps
805 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
806 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
812 =item Unclassified Traps
814 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
821 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
831 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
833 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
835 =item Location of Perl
837 =item Command Switches
839 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
840 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
841 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
842 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
843 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
844 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
851 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
852 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
853 PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to
858 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
866 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
874 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
876 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
878 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
882 =item Backward Compatibility
884 =item Category Hierarchy
888 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
900 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
908 =item Looking at data and -w and w
912 =item Stepping through code
914 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
916 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
934 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
940 =item The Perl Debugger
944 =item Debugger Commands
946 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
947 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
948 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
949 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
950 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
951 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
952 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
953 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
954 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
957 =item Configurable Options
959 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
960 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
961 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
962 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
963 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
964 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
966 =item Debugger input/output
968 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
971 =item Debugging compile-time statements
973 =item Debugger Customization
975 =item Readline Support
977 =item Editor Support for Debugging
979 =item The Perl Profiler
983 =item Debugging regular expressions
985 =item Debugging memory usage
993 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1001 =item Predefined Names
1003 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1004 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1005 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1006 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1007 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1008 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1009 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1010 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1011 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1012 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1013 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1014 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1015 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1016 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1017 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1018 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1019 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1020 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1021 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1022 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1023 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1024 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1025 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1026 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1027 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1028 $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200,
1029 $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME,
1030 $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
1031 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC,
1032 @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1034 =item Error Indicators
1036 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1044 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1052 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1054 =item Growing Your Own
1056 =item Access and Printing
1068 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1074 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1082 =item The Minus File
1084 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1090 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1094 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1098 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1102 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1104 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1106 =item Paths as Opens
1108 =item Single Argument Open
1110 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1114 =item Other I/O Issues
1118 =item Opening Non-File Files
1128 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1134 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1140 =item Part 1: The basics
1144 =item Simple word matching
1146 =item Using character classes
1148 =item Matching this or that
1150 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1152 =item Extracting matches
1154 =item Matching repetitions
1156 =item Building a regexp
1158 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1162 =item Part 2: Power tools
1166 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1168 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1170 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1172 =item Non-capturing groupings
1174 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1176 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1178 =item Conditional expressions
1180 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1182 =item Pragmas and debugging
1190 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1194 =item Acknowledgments
1200 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1210 =item Regular Expressions
1212 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1214 =item Extended Patterns
1216 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1217 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1218 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1219 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1223 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1225 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1227 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1229 =item Combining pieces together
1231 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1232 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1233 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1234 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1236 =item Creating custom RE engines
1246 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1256 =item Making References
1258 =item Using References
1260 =item Symbolic references
1262 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1264 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1266 =item Function Templates
1276 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1284 =item Format Variables
1294 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1302 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1310 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1312 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1314 =item Invoking a barnyard
1316 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1318 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1320 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1322 =item A few notes about @ISA
1324 =item Overriding the methods
1326 =item Starting the search from a different place
1328 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1330 =item Where we're at so far...
1332 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1334 =item Invoking an instance method
1336 =item Accessing the instance data
1338 =item How to build a horse
1340 =item Inheriting the constructor
1342 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1344 =item Adding parameters to a method
1346 =item More interesting instances
1348 =item A horse of a different color
1360 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1366 =item Creating a Class
1370 =item Object Representation
1372 =item Class Interface
1374 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1376 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1380 =item Other Object Methods
1388 =item Accessing Class Data
1390 =item Debugging Methods
1392 =item Class Destructors
1394 =item Documenting the Interface
1404 =item Overridden Methods
1406 =item Multiple Inheritance
1408 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1412 =item Alternate Object Representations
1416 =item Arrays as Objects
1418 =item Closures as Objects
1422 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1426 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1428 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1432 =item Metaclassical Tools
1438 =item Data Members as Variables
1446 =item Object Terminology
1452 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1458 =item Acknowledgments
1464 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1470 =item Class Data in a Can
1472 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1476 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1478 =item Inheritance Concerns
1480 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1482 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1484 =item Monadic Classes
1486 =item Translucent Attributes
1490 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1494 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1496 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1498 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1500 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1502 =item Translucency Revisited
1510 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1512 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1518 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1526 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1528 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1530 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1532 =item Method Invocation
1534 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1536 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1538 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1544 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1552 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1558 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1560 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1562 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1564 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1566 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1568 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1570 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1572 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1574 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1576 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1582 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1594 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1599 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1600 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1601 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1602 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1607 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1608 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1609 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1611 =item Tying FileHandles
1613 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1614 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1619 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1631 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1632 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1648 =item Using open() for IPC
1654 =item Background Processes
1656 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1658 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1660 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1662 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1666 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1670 =item Internet Line Terminators
1672 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1674 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1678 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1682 =item A Simple Client
1684 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1686 =item A Webget Client
1688 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1692 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1694 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1696 =item UDP: Message Passing
1710 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1720 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1722 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1723 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1724 files, directories and network sockets
1726 =item Resource limits
1728 =item Killing the parent process
1730 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1732 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1734 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1735 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1736 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1748 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1756 =item Storing numbers
1758 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1760 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1762 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1763 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1764 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1773 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1781 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1787 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1789 =item Threaded Program Models
1801 =item Native threads
1803 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1805 =item Threadsafe Modules
1811 =item Basic Thread Support
1813 =item Creating Threads
1815 =item Giving up control
1817 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1819 =item Errors In Threads
1821 =item Ignoring A Thread
1825 =item Threads And Data
1829 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1831 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1833 =item Controlling access: lock()
1835 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1837 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1841 =item Threads And Code
1845 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1847 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1849 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1851 =item Subroutine Locks
1855 =item Locking A Subroutine
1859 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1863 =item What Thread Am I In?
1867 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1869 =item What Threads Are Running?
1873 =item A Complete Example
1881 =item Introductory Texts
1883 =item OS-Related References
1885 =item Other References
1889 =item Acknowledgements
1897 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1903 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1912 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1914 =item Files and Filesystems
1916 =item System Interaction
1918 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1920 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1922 =item Standard Modules
1926 =item Character sets and character encoding
1928 =item Internationalisation
1930 =item System Resources
1940 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1941 http://testers.cpan.org/
1949 =item DOS and Derivatives
1957 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1965 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1969 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1971 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1972 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1973 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1974 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1975 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1976 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1977 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1978 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1979 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1980 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1981 endprotoent, endservent, exit EXPR, exit, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,
1982 glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
1983 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
1984 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
1985 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
1986 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
1987 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1988 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1989 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1990 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1991 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1992 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1993 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1994 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1995 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2001 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2002 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2003 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2004 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2005 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2006 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2008 =item Supported Platforms
2012 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2018 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2025 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2031 =item The use locale pragma
2033 =item The setlocale function
2035 =item Finding locales
2037 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2039 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2041 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2043 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2045 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2047 =item The localeconv function
2049 =item I18N::Langinfo
2053 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2057 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2059 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2061 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2063 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2067 =item Other categories
2075 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2076 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2082 =item Backward compatibility
2084 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2086 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2088 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2090 =item Freely available locale definitions
2094 =item An imperfect standard
2102 =item Broken systems
2112 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2120 =item Important Caveats
2122 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2123 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2125 =item Byte and Character semantics
2127 =item Effects of character semantics
2133 =item Character encodings for input and output
2139 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2145 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2151 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2159 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2163 =item 13 variant characters
2171 =item Unicode and UTF
2175 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2177 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2179 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2193 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2195 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2197 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2199 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2207 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2209 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2211 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2213 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2217 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2221 =item URL decoding and encoding
2223 =item uu encoding and decoding
2225 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2227 =item Caesarian ciphers
2231 =item Hashing order and checksums
2235 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2247 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2267 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2275 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2277 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2279 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2283 =item Protecting Your Programs
2291 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2303 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2309 =item Making your module threadsafe
2317 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2327 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2328 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2342 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2348 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2352 =item Pragmatic Modules
2354 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2355 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2356 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, warnings,
2359 =item Standard Modules
2361 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2362 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2363 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2364 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2365 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2366 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2367 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2368 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2369 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2370 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2371 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2372 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2373 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2374 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2375 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2376 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2377 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2378 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2379 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2380 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2381 Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
2382 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
2383 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2384 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2385 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2386 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2387 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2388 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2389 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2390 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2391 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select,
2392 Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap,
2393 Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
2394 Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2395 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Test::More,
2396 Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
2397 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array,
2398 Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash,
2399 Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL,
2400 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2403 =item Extension Modules
2415 =item Central America
2427 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2431 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2433 Adding a Copyright Notice
2435 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2437 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2445 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2451 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2455 =item Before you start
2463 =item Release considerations
2467 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2471 =item Has it been done before?
2473 =item Do one thing and do it well
2475 =item What's in a name?
2479 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2483 =item To OO or not to OO?
2485 =item Designing your API
2487 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2488 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2491 =item Strictness and warnings
2493 =item Backwards compatibility
2495 =item Error handling and messages
2499 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2505 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2509 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2513 =item Version numbering
2515 =item Pre-requisites
2525 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2529 =item Reinventing the wheel
2531 =item Trying to do too much
2533 =item Inappropriate documentation
2539 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2540 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2546 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2556 =item What should I make into a module?
2558 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2560 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2562 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2564 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2565 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2566 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2568 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2570 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2571 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2581 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date:
2582 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2592 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2594 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2596 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2598 =item What is perl6?
2600 =item How stable is Perl?
2602 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2604 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2607 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2609 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2611 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2613 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2615 =item What is a JAPH?
2617 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2619 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2620 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2624 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2628 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.3 $,
2629 $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2637 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2639 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2641 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2643 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2646 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2647 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2649 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2650 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2652 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2654 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2656 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2658 =item Where should I post source code?
2662 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2664 =item Perl in Magazines
2666 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2668 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2670 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2672 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2674 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2676 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2680 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2684 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
2693 =item How do I do (anything)?
2695 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2697 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2699 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2701 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2703 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2705 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2707 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2709 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2711 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2712 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2713 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2715 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2717 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2719 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2721 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2723 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2725 =item What is undump?
2727 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2729 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2731 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2732 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2734 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2736 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2738 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2740 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2742 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2744 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2746 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2748 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2750 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2752 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2754 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2756 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2758 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2759 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2761 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2764 =item What's MakeMaker?
2768 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2772 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
2783 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2784 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2786 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2788 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2791 =item How do I convert between numeric representations:
2793 B<How do I convert Hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
2794 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
2795 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
2796 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
2798 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2800 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2802 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2804 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2806 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2814 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2816 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2818 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2820 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2822 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2824 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2826 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2834 =item How do I validate input?
2836 =item How do I unescape a string?
2838 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2840 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2842 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2844 =item How do I reverse a string?
2846 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2848 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2850 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2852 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2854 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2857 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2859 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2860 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2862 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2864 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2866 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2868 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2870 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2872 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2874 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2876 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2877 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2886 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2888 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2890 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2894 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
2897 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2898 intersection of two arrays?
2900 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2902 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2904 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2906 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2908 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2910 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2912 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2914 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2916 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2918 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2920 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2924 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2928 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2930 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2933 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2935 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2937 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2939 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2941 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2943 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2945 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2947 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2949 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2951 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2953 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2956 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2957 array of hashes or arrays?
2959 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2967 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2969 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2971 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2973 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2975 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2977 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2979 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2983 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2987 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
2996 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2998 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2999 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3001 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3003 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3005 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3007 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3008 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3010 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3012 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3014 =item How can I write() into a string?
3016 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3018 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3020 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3022 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3024 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3026 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3028 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3030 =item How can I lock a file?
3032 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3034 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3035 the file. How can I do this?
3037 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3038 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3040 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3042 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3044 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3046 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3048 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3050 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3052 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3054 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3056 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3058 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3060 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3062 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3063 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3065 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3067 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3068 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3070 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3072 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3076 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3080 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
3088 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3089 and unmaintainable code?
3091 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3093 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3095 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3098 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3100 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3103 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3105 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3107 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3109 =item What is C</o> really for?
3111 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3114 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3116 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3118 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3120 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3122 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3124 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3126 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3128 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3130 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3132 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3134 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3136 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3138 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3142 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3146 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/07
3155 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3157 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3160 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3163 =item How do I skip some return values?
3165 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3167 =item What's an extension?
3169 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3171 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3173 =item How do I create a module?
3175 =item How do I create a class?
3177 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3179 =item What's a closure?
3181 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3183 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3186 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3189 =item How do I create a static variable?
3191 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3192 Between local() and my()?
3194 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3197 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3199 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3201 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3203 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3205 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3207 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3209 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3211 =item How can I find out my current package?
3213 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3215 =item How do I clear a package?
3217 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3221 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3225 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3234 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3236 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3238 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3240 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3242 =item How do I print something out in color?
3244 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3246 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3248 =item How do I clear the screen?
3250 =item How do I get the screen size?
3252 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3254 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3256 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3258 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3260 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3262 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3264 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3266 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3268 =item How do I set the time and date?
3270 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3272 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3274 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3276 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3277 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3279 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3281 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3283 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3285 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3287 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3289 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3291 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3293 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3295 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3297 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3300 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3302 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3304 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3306 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3309 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3310 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3311 changes to be visible?
3315 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3318 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3320 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3322 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3324 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3326 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3328 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3330 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3332 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3334 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3336 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3338 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3340 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3343 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3345 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3349 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3353 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04
3362 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3364 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3367 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3369 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3371 =item How do I extract URLs?
3373 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3374 file on another machine?
3376 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3378 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3380 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3382 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3384 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3386 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3388 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3390 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3391 CGI script to do bad things?
3393 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3395 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3397 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3399 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3401 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3403 =item How do I send mail?
3405 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3407 =item How do I read mail?
3409 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3411 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3413 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3415 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3419 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3423 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3433 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3437 =item Using The Back Ends
3441 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3445 =item The Decompiling Back End
3447 =item The Lint Back End
3449 =item The Simple C Back End
3451 =item The Bytecode Back End
3453 =item The Optimized C Back End
3455 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3456 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3457 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3461 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3467 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3477 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3478 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3482 =item Compiling your C program
3484 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3486 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3488 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3490 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3492 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3494 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3496 =item Execution of END blocks
3498 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3500 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3505 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3515 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3521 =item Debugger Internals
3525 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3529 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3531 =item Debugging regular expressions
3535 =item Compile-time output
3537 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3538 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3539 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3542 =item Types of nodes
3544 =item Run-time output
3548 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3552 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3554 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3555 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3558 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3560 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3562 =item B<-DL> details
3566 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3574 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3586 =item Version caveat
3588 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3600 =item What has gone on?
3602 =item Writing good test scripts
3606 =item What's new here?
3608 =item Input and Output Parameters
3610 =item The XSUBPP Program
3612 =item The TYPEMAP file
3614 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3618 =item What has happened here?
3620 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3622 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3624 =item More about XSUB arguments
3626 =item The Argument Stack
3628 =item Extending your Extension
3630 =item Documenting your Extension
3632 =item Installing your Extension
3636 =item New Things in this Example
3640 =item New Things in this Example
3642 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3644 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3646 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3648 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3664 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3676 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3678 =item The Argument Stack
3680 =item The RETVAL Variable
3682 =item The MODULE Keyword
3684 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3686 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3688 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3690 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3692 =item The CODE: Keyword
3694 =item The INIT: Keyword
3696 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3698 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3700 =item Default Parameter Values
3702 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3704 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3706 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3708 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3710 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3712 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3714 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3716 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3718 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3720 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3722 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3724 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3726 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3728 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3730 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3732 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3734 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3736 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3738 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3740 =item The CASE: Keyword
3742 =item The & Unary Operator
3744 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3746 =item Using XS With C++
3748 =item Interface Strategy
3750 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3764 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3774 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3776 =item File Operations
3778 =item File Input and Output
3780 =item File Positioning
3782 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3784 =item Character Class Tests
3786 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3788 =item Miscellaneous functions
3796 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3808 =item What is an "IV"?
3810 =item Working with SVs
3814 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3816 =item Working with AVs
3818 =item Working with HVs
3820 =item Hash API Extensions
3824 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3826 =item Creating New Variables
3828 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3830 =item Stashes and Globs
3832 =item Double-Typed SVs
3834 =item Magic Variables
3836 =item Assigning Magic
3838 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3842 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3844 =item Localizing changes
3846 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3847 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3848 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3849 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3850 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3851 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3852 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3853 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3854 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3855 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3863 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3865 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3867 =item Memory Allocation
3871 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3875 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3885 =item Examining the tree
3887 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3889 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3891 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3893 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3895 =item Pluggable runops
3899 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3901 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3905 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3907 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3909 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3911 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3913 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3917 =item Internal Functions
3919 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3923 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3925 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3927 =item Source Documentation
3931 =item Unicode Support
3935 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3937 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3939 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3941 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3943 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3945 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3949 =item Custom Operators
3957 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3963 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3965 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3967 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3987 =item Determining the Context
3991 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3997 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3999 =item Passing Parameters
4001 =item Returning a Scalar
4003 =item Returning a list of values
4005 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4007 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4011 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4015 =item Using call_argv
4017 =item Using call_method
4021 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4023 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4025 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4026 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4029 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4031 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4043 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4053 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4054 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4055 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4056 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4060 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4062 =item Administration
4064 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4068 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4069 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4077 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4087 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4089 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4091 B<Decryption Filters>
4093 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4095 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4097 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4109 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4117 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4118 B<filter_fetch_value>
4124 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4126 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4136 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4142 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4143 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4144 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
4145 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
4146 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
4147 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
4148 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number,
4149 grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4150 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4151 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4152 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4153 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4154 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4155 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4156 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
4157 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
4158 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
4159 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv,
4160 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4161 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
4162 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free,
4163 perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef,
4164 PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK,
4165 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL,
4166 Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct,
4167 sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock, sharedsv_new,
4168 sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock, sortsv, SP,
4169 SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE,
4170 StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp,
4171 SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV,
4172 SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
4173 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK,
4174 SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4175 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4176 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx,
4177 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4178 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV,
4179 SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4180 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
4181 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
4182 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, sv_2bool, sv_2cv,
4183 sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4184 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4185 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4186 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4187 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
4188 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4189 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4190 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4191 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4192 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4193 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4194 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4195 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg,
4196 sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
4197 sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags,
4198 sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true,
4199 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
4200 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4201 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn,
4202 THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, to_utf8_case, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni,
4203 utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr,
4204 utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
4205 XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
4206 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
4207 XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
4216 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4223 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
4224 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
4225 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4233 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4243 =item History and Background
4245 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4247 =item Data Structures
4249 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
4250 data for a particular handle
4252 =item Functions and Attributes
4254 =item Per-instance Data
4256 =item Layers in action.
4258 =item Per-instance flag bits
4260 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4261 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4262 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4263 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4265 =item Methods in Detail
4267 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4268 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4269 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4270 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4271 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4272 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4273 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4274 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4275 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4276 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4277 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4278 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4279 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4280 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4284 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4286 =item Extension Layers
4288 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4294 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4302 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4303 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4304 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4305 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4306 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4307 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4308 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4309 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4310 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4311 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4312 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4316 =item Co-existence with stdio
4318 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4319 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4321 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4323 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4324 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4325 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4326 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4328 =item Other Functions
4330 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4331 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4337 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4343 =item To do during 5.6.x
4347 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4349 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4351 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4353 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4355 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4359 =item use Thread for iThreads
4361 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4363 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4365 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4367 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4369 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4371 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4373 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4375 =item Complete signal handling
4377 =item Out-of-source builds
4379 =item POSIX realtime support
4381 =item UNIX98 support
4385 =item Long double conversion
4389 =item Thread-safe regexes
4391 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4393 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4395 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4397 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4399 =item Custom opcodes
4401 =item DLL Versioning
4403 =item Introduce @( and @)
4405 =item Floating point handling
4407 =item IV/UV preservation
4409 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4411 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4413 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4415 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4417 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4419 =item Document Win32 choices
4421 =item Check new modules
4423 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4427 =item To do at some point
4431 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4433 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4435 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4437 =item bitfields in pack
4439 =item Cross compilation
4441 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4443 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4445 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4447 =item -i rename file when changed
4449 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4451 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4453 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4455 =item my sub foo { }
4457 =item One-pass global destruction
4459 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4461 =item Cache recently used regexps
4463 =item Re-entrant functions
4465 =item Cross-compilation support
4467 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4469 =item debugger pragma
4471 =item use less pragma
4473 =item switch structures
4475 =item Cache eval tree
4479 =item Shrink opcode tables
4481 =item Optimize away @_
4483 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4487 =item Prototype method calls
4489 =item Return context prototype declarations
4493 =item Garbage collection
4497 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4499 =item Rewrite perldoc
4501 =item Install .3p manpages
4503 =item Unicode tutorial
4505 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4507 =item Retargetable installation
4509 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4511 =item Rename Win32 headers
4513 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4515 =item Update sprintf documentation
4517 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4519 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4527 =item ref() in list context
4529 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4531 =item Compile to real threaded code
4533 =item Structured types
4535 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4537 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4541 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4543 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4547 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4549 =item Constant function cache
4551 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4559 =item Update guts documentation
4561 =item Add more tests
4563 =item Update auxiliary tools
4567 =item Recently done things
4571 =item Safe signal handling
4577 =item setitimer and getimiter
4579 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4581 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4583 =item Explicit switch statements
4591 =item perlcc to produce executable
4593 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4595 =item Secure temporary file module
4597 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4599 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4601 =item Mmap for input
4603 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4605 =item Add sockatmark support
4607 =item Mailing list archives
4611 =item Integrate MacPerl
4613 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4615 =item Regular expression tutorial
4617 =item Debugging Tutorial
4619 =item Integrate new modules
4621 =item Integrate profiler
4623 =item Y2K error detection
4625 =item Regular expression debugger
4629 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4631 =item Cache precompiled modules
4635 =item Deprecated Wishes
4639 =item Loop control on do{}
4641 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4647 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4649 =item Named prototypes
4651 =item Built-in globbing
4653 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4655 =item Cached hash values
4657 =item Add compression modules
4659 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4661 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4663 =item Make XS easier to use
4665 =item Make embedding easier to use
4669 =item my $Package::variable
4671 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4673 =item "class"-based lexicals
4677 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4679 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4681 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4683 =item Create debugging macros
4689 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4695 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4696 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4697 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4698 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4699 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4700 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4701 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4705 =item Keeping in sync
4707 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4708 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4710 =item Why rsync the source tree
4712 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4714 =item Why rsync the patches
4716 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4717 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4719 =item Perlbug remote interface
4721 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
4722 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
4724 =item Submitting patches
4726 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4727 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4729 =item Finding Your Way Around
4731 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4733 =item Elements of the interpreter
4735 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4737 =item Internal Variable Types
4743 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4745 =item Millions of Macros
4747 =item Poking at Perl
4749 =item Using a source-level debugger
4751 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4752 finish, 'enter', print
4754 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4758 =item Patching a core module
4760 =item Adding a new function to the core
4762 =item Writing a test
4764 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4765 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
4769 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4773 =item Rational Software's Purify
4775 =item Purify on Unix
4777 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4781 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4783 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4785 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4789 =item Gprof Profiling
4791 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4793 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4795 =item Pixie Profiling
4797 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4802 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4810 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4818 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4830 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4832 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4836 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4840 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4846 =item Reporting Bugs
4854 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4860 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4862 =item Incompatible Changes
4866 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4868 =item AIX Dynaloading
4870 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4872 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
4878 =item Core Enhancements
4880 =item Modules and Pragmata
4884 =item New Modules and Distributions
4886 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4890 =item Utility Changes
4892 =item New Documentation
4894 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4898 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4900 =item Generic Improvements
4904 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4908 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4912 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4914 =item Source Code Enhancements
4918 =item MAGIC constants
4920 =item Better commented code
4922 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4930 =item Known Problems
4936 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
4938 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4940 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
4942 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configur
4944 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
4946 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4950 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
4952 =item Failure of Thread tests
4962 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4964 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4966 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
4968 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4970 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4972 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
4976 =item Reporting Bugs
4984 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4990 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4992 =item Incompatible Changes
4994 =item Core Enhancements
4998 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5000 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5002 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5006 =item Modules and Pragmata
5012 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5016 =item Performance Enhancements
5018 =item Utility Changes
5020 =item New Documentation
5036 =item README.solaris
5040 =item Porting/repository.pod
5044 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5048 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5050 =item Generic Improvements
5052 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5053 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5054 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5058 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5062 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5066 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5068 =item Changed Internals
5072 =item Known Problems
5076 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5078 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5080 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5082 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5086 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5088 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5090 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5092 =item Failure of Thread tests
5094 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5096 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5098 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5100 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5104 =item Reporting Bugs
5112 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5118 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5120 =item Incompatible Changes
5122 =item Core Enhancements
5124 =item Modules and Pragmata
5130 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5134 =item Utility Changes
5136 =item New Documentation
5138 =item Performance Enhancements
5140 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5144 =item Generic Improvements
5148 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5152 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5156 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5158 =item Changed Internals
5160 =item Known Problems
5164 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5166 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5168 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5170 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5172 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5174 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5176 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5178 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5180 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5182 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5186 =item Reporting Bugs
5194 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
5200 =item Core Enhancements
5204 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5206 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5208 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5210 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5212 =item "our" declarations
5214 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5216 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5218 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5220 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5222 =item open() with more than two arguments
5224 =item 64-bit support
5226 =item Large file support
5232 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5234 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5236 =item File globbing implemented internally
5238 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5240 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5242 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5244 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5246 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5248 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5250 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5252 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5254 =item Comments in pack() templates
5256 =item Weak references
5258 =item Binary numbers supported
5260 =item Lvalue subroutines
5262 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5264 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5266 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5268 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5270 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5272 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5274 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5276 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5278 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5280 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5282 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5284 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5286 =item Improved diagnostics
5288 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5290 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5292 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5294 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5296 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5298 =item Improved security features
5300 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5302 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5304 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5306 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5308 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5310 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5312 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5316 =item Modules and Pragmata
5322 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5323 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5324 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5325 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5326 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5327 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5328 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5329 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5335 =item Utility Changes
5349 =item The Perl Debugger
5353 =item Improved Documentation
5355 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5356 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5357 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5358 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5360 =item Performance enhancements
5364 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5366 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5368 =item Faster subroutine calls
5370 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5374 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5378 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5380 =item New Configure flags
5382 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5388 =item -Duselargefiles
5390 =item installusrbinperl
5396 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5400 =item Platform specific changes
5404 =item Supported platforms
5408 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5416 =item Significant bug fixes
5420 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5422 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5424 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5426 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5428 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5430 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5432 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5434 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5436 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5438 =item Locale bugs fixed
5442 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5444 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5446 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5448 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5452 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5454 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5455 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5456 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5457 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5458 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5459 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5460 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5461 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5462 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5463 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5464 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5465 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5466 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5467 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5468 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5469 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5470 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5471 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5472 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5473 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5474 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5475 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5476 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5477 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5478 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5479 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5480 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5481 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5482 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5483 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5484 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5485 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5486 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5487 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5488 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5489 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5490 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5491 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5492 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5493 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5494 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5495 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5496 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5497 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5498 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5499 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5500 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5501 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5502 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5503 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5507 =item Incompatible Changes
5511 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5513 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5514 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5515 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5516 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5517 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5518 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5519 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5520 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5521 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5522 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5523 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5525 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5527 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5529 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5531 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5533 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5537 =item Known Problems
5541 =item Thread test failures
5543 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5545 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5547 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5549 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5552 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5554 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5556 =item Experimental features
5558 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5559 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5560 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5564 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5566 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5567 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5568 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5569 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5571 =item Reporting Bugs
5579 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5585 =item About the new versioning system
5587 =item Incompatible Changes
5591 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5593 =item Default installation structure has changed
5595 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5597 =item C Source Compatibility
5599 =item Binary Compatibility
5601 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5603 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5617 =item Regular Expressions
5619 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5620 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5621 improvements, Incompatible changes
5623 =item Improved malloc()
5625 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5627 =item Reliable signals
5629 =item Reliable stack pointers
5631 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5635 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5637 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5639 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5641 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5643 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5645 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5647 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5649 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5651 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5653 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5655 =item Better locale support
5657 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5659 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5661 =item Extended support for exception handling
5663 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5665 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5667 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5669 =item New C<lock> keyword
5671 =item New C<qr//> operator
5673 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5675 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5677 =item Tied handles support is better
5679 =item 4th argument to substr
5681 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5683 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5685 =item <> now reads in records
5689 =item Supported Platforms
5695 =item Changes in existing support
5699 =item Modules and Pragmata
5705 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5706 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5707 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5709 =item Changes in existing modules
5711 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5712 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5716 =item Utility Changes
5718 =item Documentation Changes
5720 =item New Diagnostics
5722 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5723 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5724 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5725 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5726 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5727 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5728 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5729 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5730 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5731 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5732 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5733 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5734 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5735 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5736 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5737 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5738 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5740 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5742 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5743 temporary file, regexp too big
5745 =item Configuration Changes
5755 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5761 =item Supported Environments
5767 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5769 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5771 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5773 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5775 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5777 =item More precise warnings
5779 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5781 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5783 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5785 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5787 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5789 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5791 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5793 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5795 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5797 =item Changes to tainting checks
5799 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5800 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5802 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5804 =item Embedding improvements
5806 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5808 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5810 =item New and changed syntax
5814 =item New and changed builtin constants
5818 =item New and changed builtin variables
5822 =item New and changed builtin functions
5824 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5825 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5826 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5827 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5828 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5830 =item New builtin methods
5832 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5834 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5836 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5837 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5839 =item Malloc enhancements
5841 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5843 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5847 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5863 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5864 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5870 =item Required Updates
5872 =item Installation directories
5874 =item Module information summary
5888 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5892 =item Utility Changes
5898 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5902 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5906 =item C Language API Changes
5908 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5911 =item Documentation Changes
5913 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5914 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5916 =item New Diagnostics
5918 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5919 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5920 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5921 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5922 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5923 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5924 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5925 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5926 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5927 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5928 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5929 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5930 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5931 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5932 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5933 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5934 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5935 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5936 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5937 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5938 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5939 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5940 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5941 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5942 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5952 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5960 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5964 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5966 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5968 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5970 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5976 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
5986 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
5996 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6010 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6012 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6014 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6016 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6022 =item Accessing documentation
6026 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6028 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6030 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6032 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6036 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
6040 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
6042 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
6044 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
6046 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
6048 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
6058 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
6066 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
6068 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
6072 =item Contact Information
6078 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
6088 =item gzip on BS2000
6090 =item bison on BS2000
6092 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
6094 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
6096 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
6098 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
6100 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
6102 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
6104 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6138 =item Acknowledgements
6144 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6150 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6154 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6156 =item Cygwin Configuration
6158 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6162 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
6166 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
6168 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
6170 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
6171 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
6173 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
6175 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
6176 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
6178 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
6180 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
6184 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
6188 =item Warnings on Cygwin
6194 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
6198 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
6200 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
6202 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
6204 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
6206 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
6208 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
6210 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
6214 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
6216 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
6218 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
6219 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
6221 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
6229 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
6241 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
6245 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
6247 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
6249 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
6251 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
6261 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
6271 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
6275 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
6277 =item Building Perl on DOS
6279 =item Testing Perl on DOS
6281 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
6285 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
6289 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
6291 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
6293 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
6295 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
6305 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
6313 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
6315 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
6317 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
6319 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
6323 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
6325 =item PATH Names on Epoc
6327 =item Editors on Epoc
6329 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
6331 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
6333 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
6337 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
6345 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
6354 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
6356 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
6368 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
6370 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
6372 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
6374 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
6376 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
6378 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
6380 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
6382 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6384 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6386 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6388 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6392 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
6400 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6408 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6416 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6425 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6427 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6429 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6431 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6441 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6455 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6461 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6467 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6475 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6477 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6479 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6481 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6483 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6485 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6486 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6488 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6492 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6494 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6496 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6498 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6500 =item Perl/iX Change History
6516 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6528 =item Build new extensions
6532 =item Acknowledgements
6540 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6560 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6562 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6564 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6568 =item Frequently asked questions
6572 =item "It does not work"
6574 =item I cannot run external programs
6576 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6579 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6582 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6584 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6592 =item Automatic binary installation
6594 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6596 =item Manual binary installation
6598 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6599 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6600 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6601 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6602 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6608 =item Accessing documentation
6612 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6620 =item GNU C<info> files
6632 =item The short story
6636 =item Getting perl source
6638 =item Application of the patches
6646 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6649 =item Installing the built perl
6651 =item C<a.out>-style build
6659 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6661 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6663 =item Problems with tr or sed
6665 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6667 =item Library ... not found
6669 =item Segfault in make
6671 =item op/sprintf test failure
6675 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6679 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6683 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6685 =item Additional modules:
6687 =item Prebuilt methods:
6689 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6690 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6691 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6692 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6693 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6694 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6695 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6696 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6697 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6698 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6699 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6701 =item Prebuilt variables:
6703 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6709 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6712 =item Identifying DLLs
6714 =item Centralized management of resources
6730 =item F<perl___.exe>
6732 =item Why strange names?
6734 =item Why dynamic linking?
6736 =item Why chimera build?
6744 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6746 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6748 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6750 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6752 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6754 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6764 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
6766 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
6768 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
6771 =item DLL forwarder generation
6775 =item Calls to external programs
6777 =item Memory allocation
6781 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6797 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6807 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6809 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6811 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6813 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6815 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6817 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6819 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6821 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6823 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6825 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6835 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6843 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6851 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
6853 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6855 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
6857 =item QNX auxiliary files
6861 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
6869 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6879 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6881 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6883 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6885 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6889 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6893 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6905 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6913 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6919 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6925 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6927 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6929 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6933 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6937 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6939 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
6941 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6945 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6947 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6948 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6949 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6955 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
6957 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
6961 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
6963 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
6967 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
6971 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6973 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6977 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
6979 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
6981 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
6991 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6992 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7000 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7002 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7004 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7006 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7008 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7010 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7014 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7020 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7028 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7030 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7036 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
7046 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
7048 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
7050 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
7052 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
7054 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
7064 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
7070 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
7078 =item Organization of Perl Images
7084 =item Perl Extensions
7086 =item Installing static extensions
7088 =item Installing dynamic extensions
7092 =item File specifications
7098 =item Wildcard expansion
7104 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
7110 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
7112 =item Command line switches
7118 =item Perl functions
7120 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
7121 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
7122 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
7123 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
7125 =item Perl variables
7127 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
7129 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
7143 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
7151 =item Stratus POSIX Support
7155 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
7159 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
7161 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
7165 =item USING PERL IN VOS
7169 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
7171 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7175 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7183 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
7193 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
7195 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
7199 =item Testing Perl on Win32
7201 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
7203 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
7205 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
7206 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
7207 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
7211 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
7215 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
7216 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
7217 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
7225 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
7227 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7239 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7249 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
7250 data structures between threads
7262 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
7263 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
7273 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7282 new, function, LIST, $thread->join, $thread->detach, threads->self,
7287 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7290 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7294 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7295 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7301 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
7311 =item Built-in Attributes
7313 locked, method, lvalue
7315 =item Available Subroutines
7319 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
7321 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
7323 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
7331 =item Default exports
7333 =item Available exports
7335 =item Export tags defined
7345 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7357 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
7373 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
7387 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
7401 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
7414 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
7423 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
7429 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
7441 =item List constants
7443 =item Defining multiple constants at once
7445 =item Magic constants
7449 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
7459 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
7470 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
7472 =item The I<splain> Program
7486 =head2 encoding - pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into
7495 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
7501 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
7515 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
7525 =item subpragma access
7531 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7542 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7552 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7562 =item Adding directories to @INC
7564 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7566 =item Restoring original @INC
7576 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7587 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7595 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7597 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7603 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7615 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7625 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7627 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7629 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7631 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7633 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7635 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7637 =item Overloadable Operations
7639 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7640 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7641 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7643 =item Inheritance and overloading
7645 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7646 is inherited by derived classes
7650 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7658 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7660 =item Copy Constructor
7666 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7668 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7669 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7670 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7673 =item Losing overloading
7675 =item Run-time Overloading
7677 =item Public functions
7679 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7681 =item Overloading constants
7683 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7685 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7687 =item Metaphor clash
7693 =item Two-face scalars
7695 =item Two-face references
7697 =item Symbolic calculator
7699 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7707 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7708 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7714 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7724 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7736 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7738 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7742 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7746 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7754 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7762 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7766 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7776 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7787 =item Utility functions
7789 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7790 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7798 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7808 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7816 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7817 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7818 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7819 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7820 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7824 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7834 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7836 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7846 =item DBM Comparisons
7856 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7866 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
7870 =item Typed lexicals
7872 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7874 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7876 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
7878 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7886 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
7887 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
7888 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
7889 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
7899 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7909 =item Subroutine Stubs
7911 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7913 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7915 =item Package Lexicals
7917 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7919 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7929 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7937 $keep, $check, $modtime
7941 =item Multiple packages
7949 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7957 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7961 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7969 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7983 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7987 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7989 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7991 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7993 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7997 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
8001 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
8002 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
8006 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
8007 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
8011 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
8015 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
8020 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
8022 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
8026 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
8028 =item B::UNOP METHOD
8032 =item B::BINOP METHOD
8036 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
8040 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
8044 =item B::PMOP METHODS
8046 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
8048 =item B::SVOP METHOD
8052 =item B::PADOP METHOD
8056 =item B::PVOP METHOD
8060 =item B::LOOP METHODS
8062 redoop, nextop, lastop
8064 =item B::COP METHODS
8066 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
8070 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
8072 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
8073 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
8074 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
8075 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
8082 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
8095 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
8107 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8119 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8129 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8130 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8131 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8141 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
8151 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
8152 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
8162 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
8172 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
8173 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
8174 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
8186 =item Context of ".."
8190 =item Deprecated features
8198 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
8208 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
8209 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
8210 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
8212 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
8214 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
8215 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
8216 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
8217 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
8218 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
8219 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
8220 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
8221 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
8227 =item OP flags abbreviations
8229 =item OP class abbreviations
8233 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
8239 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
8251 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
8261 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
8262 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
8264 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
8274 =item ambient_pragmas
8276 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
8288 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
8300 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
8308 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
8310 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
8311 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
8313 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
8323 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
8333 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8339 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
8351 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
8363 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
8365 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
8377 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
8387 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
8395 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8407 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
8421 =item Standard Exports
8423 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
8424 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
8425 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
8427 =item Optional Exports
8429 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
8430 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
8431 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
8447 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
8451 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
8465 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8475 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8476 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8477 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8487 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
8499 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
8501 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
8503 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
8505 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
8507 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
8509 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
8511 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
8513 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
8515 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
8517 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
8519 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
8521 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
8523 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
8525 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
8527 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
8529 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8531 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8533 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8534 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8538 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8539 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8542 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8544 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8545 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8550 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8554 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8556 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8558 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8560 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8562 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8564 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8566 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8568 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8569 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8571 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8575 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8579 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8581 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8583 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8585 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8587 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8589 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8590 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8592 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8596 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8600 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8602 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8604 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8606 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8610 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8612 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8614 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8618 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8620 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8624 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8628 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8632 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8636 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8640 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8642 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8644 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8648 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8650 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
8651 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
8653 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8659 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8660 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8662 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8664 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8665 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8668 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8674 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8678 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8680 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8681 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
8682 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
8683 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8684 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8685 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8687 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8689 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8694 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8696 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8698 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8699 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8701 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8703 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8707 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8708 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8709 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8710 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8711 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8712 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8713 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8714 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8715 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8716 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8717 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8718 ...and many many more..
8720 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8728 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8738 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8746 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8755 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8757 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8761 =item Changing the default message
8765 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8775 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8783 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8785 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8789 =item Creating New Cookies
8791 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8793 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8795 =item Manipulating Cookies
8797 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8801 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8809 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8817 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8819 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8821 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8823 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8825 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
8827 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
8831 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8839 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8849 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8851 =item Customizing the Indenting
8863 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8871 =item USING CGI::Push
8873 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8877 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8879 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8883 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8885 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8893 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8903 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8911 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8919 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8925 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8935 =item Interactive Mode
8937 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8938 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8939 distribution, ls author, Signals
8947 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8949 =item Programmer's interface
8951 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8953 =item Methods in the other Classes
8955 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8956 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8957 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8958 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8959 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8960 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8961 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8962 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8963 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8964 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8965 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8966 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8967 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8968 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8969 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8970 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8971 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8972 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8973 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8974 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8975 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8976 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8977 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8978 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8979 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8980 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8988 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8992 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8998 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8999 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
9000 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
9001 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
9005 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
9007 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
9015 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
9017 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
9021 =item Three basic types of firewalls
9023 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
9025 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
9031 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
9043 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
9053 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
9066 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
9076 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
9084 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
9086 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
9096 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
9097 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
9098 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
9100 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
9108 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
9118 =item The C<struct()> function
9120 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
9122 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
9124 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
9125 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
9127 =item Initializing with C<new>
9133 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
9135 =item Author and Modification History
9139 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
9147 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
9159 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
9163 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
9164 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
9165 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
9170 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
9171 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
9175 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
9176 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
9177 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
9178 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
9179 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
9180 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
9184 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
9185 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
9186 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
9187 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
9188 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
9189 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
9190 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>,
9191 C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
9192 C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>,
9193 C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
9194 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
9195 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
9196 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
9197 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
9198 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
9199 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
9200 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
9201 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
9202 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
9203 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
9204 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
9205 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
9206 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
9207 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
9208 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
9209 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
9210 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
9211 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
9212 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
9213 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
9214 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
9215 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
9216 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
9217 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
9218 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
9219 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
9220 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
9221 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
9222 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
9223 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
9224 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
9225 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
9226 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>,
9227 C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>,
9228 C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>,
9229 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>,
9230 C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>,
9231 C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>,
9232 C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
9233 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
9234 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
9235 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
9236 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
9237 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
9238 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
9239 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
9240 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
9241 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>,
9242 C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
9243 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
9244 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
9245 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
9246 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
9247 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>,
9248 C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>,
9249 C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
9250 C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
9251 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
9252 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
9253 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
9254 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
9255 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
9256 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
9257 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
9258 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
9259 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
9260 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
9261 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
9265 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
9266 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
9270 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
9271 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
9276 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
9277 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
9281 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
9285 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
9286 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
9287 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
9288 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
9289 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
9290 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
9291 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
9292 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
9293 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
9294 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
9295 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
9296 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
9297 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
9298 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
9299 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
9300 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
9301 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
9302 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
9303 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
9304 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
9305 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
9306 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
9307 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
9308 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
9312 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
9316 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
9317 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
9318 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
9319 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
9320 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
9321 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
9325 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
9326 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
9327 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
9331 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
9332 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
9336 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
9337 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
9338 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
9339 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
9343 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
9344 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
9348 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
9349 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
9353 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
9354 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
9355 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
9356 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
9360 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
9364 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
9365 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
9369 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
9370 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
9371 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
9372 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
9373 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
9374 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
9375 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
9376 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
9377 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
9378 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
9379 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
9380 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
9381 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
9382 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
9386 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
9387 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
9391 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
9392 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
9393 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
9394 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
9395 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
9396 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
9397 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
9398 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
9399 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
9403 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
9404 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
9405 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
9406 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
9410 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
9414 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
9426 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
9436 =item getcwd and friends
9438 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
9440 =item abs_path and friends
9442 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
9454 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
9466 =item Global Variables
9468 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
9469 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
9474 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
9475 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
9477 =item Client Callback Methods
9479 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
9480 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
9481 CLIENT->output(LIST)
9491 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
9499 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
9503 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
9505 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
9507 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
9509 =item Default Parameters
9511 =item In Memory Databases
9519 =item A Simple Example
9527 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
9529 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
9531 =item The get_dup() Method
9533 =item The find_dup() Method
9535 =item The del_dup() Method
9537 =item Matching Partial Keys
9545 =item The 'bval' Option
9547 =item A Simple Example
9549 =item Extra RECNO Methods
9551 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
9552 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
9555 =item Another Example
9559 =item THE API INTERFACE
9561 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9562 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9563 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9564 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9568 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9569 B<filter_fetch_value>
9575 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9577 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9581 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9585 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9587 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9589 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9591 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9593 =item The untie() Gotcha
9597 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9601 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9603 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9605 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9607 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9627 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9628 printing and C<eval>
9640 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9641 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9642 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9649 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9651 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9652 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9653 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9654 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9655 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9656 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9657 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9658 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9659 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9660 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9661 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9662 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9663 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9664 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9665 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9685 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9693 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9705 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9715 =item Memory footprint debugging
9723 =item A simple scalar string
9725 =item A simple scalar number
9727 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9729 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9731 =item A reference to an array
9733 =item A reference to a hash
9735 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9737 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9739 =item A reference to a subroutine
9753 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9763 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9771 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9775 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9776 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9777 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9785 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9795 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9799 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9800 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9812 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9824 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9836 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9837 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
9838 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9843 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9844 veryCompact, set, get
9850 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9858 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9859 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9860 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9861 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9868 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9881 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9899 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9901 =item Types of Encodings
9903 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9904 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9906 =item Specifying Encodings
9908 1. By name, 2. As an object
9910 =item Encoding Names
9912 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9913 The name used by the organization that defined it
9917 =item PERL ENCODING API
9921 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9923 =item Handling Malformed Data
9925 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9929 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9931 =item Listing available encodings
9933 =item Defining Aliases
9935 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9938 =item Defining Encodings
9942 =item Encoding and IO
9944 =item Encoding How to ...
9946 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9947 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9949 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9951 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9953 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9955 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9956 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9960 =item Compiled Encodings
9962 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9963 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9971 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9972 of the Encode extension
9978 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9986 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9988 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9994 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10002 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
10015 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
10030 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
10046 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
10056 =item How to Export
10058 =item Selecting What To Export
10060 =item Specialised Import Lists
10062 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
10064 =item Module Version Checking
10066 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
10068 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
10074 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
10084 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
10105 mv source... destination
10107 cp source... destination
10125 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
10135 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
10145 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
10147 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
10151 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
10159 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
10162 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10164 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
10166 WriteMakefileSnippet
10168 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
10169 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10177 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
10189 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
10190 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
10200 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
10210 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
10222 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
10223 packlist(), version()
10231 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
10239 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
10245 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
10255 =item VMS implementation
10257 =item Win32 implementation
10265 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10266 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10274 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
10278 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10279 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10305 test_via_harness (o)
10307 tool_autosplit (override)
10325 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10326 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10340 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10352 =item Preloaded methods
10372 =item SelfLoaded methods
10418 file_name_is_absolute
10424 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
10464 maybe_command_in_dirs
10492 post_initialize (o)
10504 replace_manpage_separator
10518 test_via_harness (o)
10520 test_via_script (o)
10550 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10551 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10561 =item Methods always loaded
10573 =item SelfLoaded methods
10575 guess_name (override)
10579 find_perl (override)
10583 maybe_command (override)
10585 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10587 perl_script (override)
10589 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10591 replace_manpage_separator
10593 init_others (override)
10595 constants (override)
10599 const_cccmd (override)
10601 pm_to_blib (override)
10603 tool_autosplit (override)
10605 tool_sxubpp (override)
10607 xsubpp_version (override)
10609 tools_other (override)
10619 top_targets (override)
10623 dynamic_lib (override)
10625 dynamic_bs (override)
10627 static_lib (override)
10629 manifypods (override)
10631 processPL (override)
10633 installbin (override)
10635 subdir_x (override)
10639 realclean (override)
10641 dist_basics (override)
10643 dist_core (override)
10645 dist_dir (override)
10647 dist_test (override)
10651 perldepend (override)
10653 makefile (override)
10657 test_via_harness (override)
10659 test_via_script (override)
10661 makeaperl (override)
10663 nicetext (override)
10665 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10666 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10692 test_via_harness (o)
10694 tool_autosplit (override)
10712 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10722 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10724 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10732 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10736 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10738 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10740 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10742 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10744 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10745 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10746 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10747 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10748 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10749 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10750 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10751 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10752 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10753 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10754 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
10755 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
10756 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10757 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT,
10758 PRINT_PREREQ, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
10759 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10761 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10763 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10766 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10768 =item Hintsfile support
10770 =item Distribution Support
10772 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10773 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10774 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10776 =item Disabling an extension
10782 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
10790 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10798 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10802 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10806 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10807 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10811 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10819 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10831 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10841 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10850 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10858 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10870 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10878 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10888 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10900 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10910 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10914 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10922 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10926 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10930 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10940 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10954 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10964 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10966 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10978 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10988 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
11000 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
11008 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
11009 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
11010 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
11016 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
11024 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
11032 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
11033 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
11034 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
11038 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
11046 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
11058 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
11068 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
11069 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
11070 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
11078 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
11112 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
11130 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
11158 file_name_is_absolute
11180 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
11190 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
11223 file_name_is_absolute
11245 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
11261 =item Methods always loaded
11263 canonpath (override)
11281 case_tolerant (override)
11285 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11287 splitpath (override)
11289 splitdir (override)
11303 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
11333 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
11357 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
11371 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
11381 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
11389 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
11397 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
11399 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
11411 =item Temporary files and NFS
11423 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
11437 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
11449 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
11457 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
11463 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
11477 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
11479 =item All-in-one interface
11481 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
11493 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
11503 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
11507 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
11509 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
11517 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
11519 =item Example 2: Using the context
11521 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
11523 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
11527 =item Filter::Simple
11535 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
11543 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
11555 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
11571 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
11579 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
11581 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
11585 =item Simple options
11587 =item A little bit less simple options
11589 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
11591 =item Options with values
11593 =item Options with multiple values
11595 =item Options with hash values
11597 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11599 =item Options with multiple names
11601 =item Case and abbreviations
11603 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11605 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11609 =item Advanced Possibilities
11613 =item Object oriented interface
11615 =item Documentation and help texts
11617 =item Storing options in a hash
11621 =item The lonesome dash
11623 =item Argument callback
11627 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11629 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11630 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11631 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11632 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11633 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11635 =item Return values and Errors
11641 =item Default destinations
11643 =item Alternative option starters
11645 =item Configuration variables
11649 =item Trouble Shooting
11653 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11655 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11658 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
11660 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
11666 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11670 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11681 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11692 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11703 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11705 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11707 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11709 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11711 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11713 the function super_languages($lang1)
11715 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11717 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11719 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11721 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
11725 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11727 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11737 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
11745 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11747 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11749 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
11750 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
11751 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
11752 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
11753 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
11754 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
11755 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
11756 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
11757 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
11758 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
11759 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
11760 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
11761 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
11762 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
11763 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
11764 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
11765 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
11766 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
11767 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
11768 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
11769 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
11770 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
11771 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
11772 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
11773 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11774 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
11775 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
11776 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
11777 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
11778 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
11779 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
11780 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
11781 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
11782 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
11783 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
11784 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
11785 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
11786 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
11787 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
11788 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
11789 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
11790 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
11791 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
11792 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
11793 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
11794 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
11795 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
11796 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
11797 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
11798 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
11799 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
11800 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
11801 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
11802 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
11803 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
11804 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
11805 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
11806 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
11807 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
11808 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
11809 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
11810 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
11811 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
11812 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
11813 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
11814 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
11815 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
11816 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
11817 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
11818 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
11819 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
11820 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
11821 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
11822 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
11823 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
11824 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
11825 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
11826 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
11827 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
11828 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
11829 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
11830 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
11831 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
11832 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
11833 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
11834 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
11835 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
11836 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
11837 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
11838 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
11839 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
11840 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
11841 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
11842 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
11843 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
11844 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
11845 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
11846 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
11847 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
11848 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
11849 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
11850 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
11851 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
11852 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
11853 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
11854 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
11855 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
11856 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
11857 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
11858 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
11859 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
11860 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
11861 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
11862 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
11863 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
11864 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
11865 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
11866 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
11867 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
11871 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11877 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
11895 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
11899 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11909 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11917 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11918 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11928 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11938 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11942 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11950 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11960 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11964 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11965 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11966 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11967 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11979 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11989 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11993 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12003 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12013 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12014 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12024 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
12032 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12033 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12042 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
12052 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12056 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12057 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12058 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12068 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
12082 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12083 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12093 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
12109 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12122 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
12136 hostpath(), peerpath()
12146 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
12155 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12156 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12166 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12176 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12180 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12188 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
12199 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12203 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12204 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12205 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12206 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12218 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12228 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12232 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12242 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12252 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12253 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12263 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
12272 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12273 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12282 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
12293 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12297 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12298 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12299 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12309 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
12324 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12325 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12335 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
12336 AF_INET domain sockets
12352 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12365 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
12366 AF_UNIX domain sockets
12380 hostpath(), peerpath()
12390 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12400 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12401 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12412 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
12426 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
12439 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
12449 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12450 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12451 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12462 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
12480 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12490 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12491 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12502 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
12513 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12514 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12515 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12526 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
12534 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12535 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12537 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12543 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
12544 general-utility list subroutines
12552 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12553 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12555 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12561 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
12562 general-utility scalar subroutines
12570 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
12571 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
12579 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
12587 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12591 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
12599 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
12611 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12617 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12619 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12620 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12626 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12628 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12634 =item CODE ALIASING
12644 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12648 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12649 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12650 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12651 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12659 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12660 identification (ISO 4217)
12678 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12680 code2currency(), currency2code()
12686 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12688 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12696 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12700 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12708 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12725 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12727 code2language(), language2code()
12733 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12735 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12743 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12747 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12748 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12756 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12764 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12770 =item Construction Methods
12772 =item The "maketext" Method
12774 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12776 =item Utility Methods
12778 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12779 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12780 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12781 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12783 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12787 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12789 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12791 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12793 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12795 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12797 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12801 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12807 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12815 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12819 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12821 =item The Linguistic View
12823 =item Breaking gettext
12825 =item Replacing gettext
12827 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12829 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12831 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12833 =item Buzzword: Concision
12835 =item The Devil in the Details
12837 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12845 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12853 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12857 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12865 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12866 of quoted-printable strings
12874 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12880 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12889 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12895 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12905 =item Canonical notation
12909 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12911 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12915 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
12916 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
12924 =item Autocreating constants
12930 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
12938 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12946 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12948 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
12958 =item Rounding mode R
12960 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
12961 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
12962 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
12975 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
12981 use Math::BigInt qw(bstr);
12983 =item Autocreating constants
12989 =item Alternative math libraries
12995 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
12999 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
13000 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
13011 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
13021 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
13025 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
13027 the same terms as Perl itself.
13035 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
13048 =item STRINGIFICATION
13052 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
13058 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
13060 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
13068 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
13076 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
13082 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
13084 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
13088 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13090 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
13094 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
13096 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13098 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
13099 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
13103 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
13109 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
13119 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
13137 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
13139 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
13143 =item OTHER FACILITIES
13149 =item C<flush_cache>
13155 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
13157 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
13165 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13171 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
13180 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
13191 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
13203 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13211 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13219 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
13228 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
13237 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
13254 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
13262 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
13270 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13276 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13280 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13284 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
13294 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
13300 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
13310 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
13313 =item CLASS METHODS
13315 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
13316 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
13317 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
13327 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
13337 requires_firewall HOST
13339 =item NetConfig VALUES
13341 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
13342 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
13343 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
13347 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
13356 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
13364 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
13376 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
13380 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
13381 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
13382 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
13383 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
13384 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
13385 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
13386 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
13387 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
13388 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
13389 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
13390 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
13391 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
13392 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
13396 =item Methods for the adventurous
13402 =item THE dataconn CLASS
13404 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
13405 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
13407 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
13409 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
13411 =item REPORTING BUGS
13419 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
13427 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
13437 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
13441 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
13442 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
13443 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
13444 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
13445 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
13450 =item Extension methods
13452 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
13453 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
13454 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
13455 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
13464 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
13474 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
13486 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
13490 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
13491 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
13492 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
13493 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
13505 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
13513 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
13519 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
13520 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
13528 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
13540 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
13544 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
13545 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
13546 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
13547 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc (
13548 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify
13549 ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
13559 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
13567 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
13568 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13576 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13593 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13601 =item Where to get this document
13603 =item How to contribute to this document
13607 =item Author and Copyright Information
13615 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13619 =item What is libnet ?
13621 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13623 =item What other modules do I need ?
13625 =item What machines support libnet ?
13627 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13631 =item Using Net::FTP
13635 =item How do I download files from a FTP server ?
13637 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13639 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13641 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13644 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13646 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13648 =item How do I get a directory listing from a FTP server ?
13650 =item Changeing directory to "" does not fail ?
13652 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13654 =item I am behind a FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13657 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13659 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13662 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13665 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13669 =item Using Net::SMTP
13673 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13676 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13678 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13682 =item Debugging scripts
13686 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13690 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13694 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13711 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13726 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13743 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13751 =item THE .netrc FILE
13753 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13758 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13762 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13772 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13782 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13788 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13796 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13802 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13806 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13810 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13822 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13824 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13825 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13827 =item Opcode Functions
13829 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13830 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13831 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13834 =item Manipulating Opsets
13836 =item TO DO (maybe)
13842 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13844 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13845 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13846 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13855 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13864 a new namespace, an operator mask
13870 =item RECENT CHANGES
13872 =item Methods in class Safe
13874 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13875 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13876 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13877 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13879 =item Some Safety Issues
13881 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13889 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13902 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13916 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13917 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13918 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13919 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13920 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13921 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
13922 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
13923 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
13924 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
13925 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
13926 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
13927 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
13928 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
13929 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
13930 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
13931 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
13932 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
13933 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
13934 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
13935 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
13936 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
13937 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
13938 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
13939 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
13940 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
13947 =item POSIX::SigAction
13951 =item POSIX::SigSet
13953 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
13955 =item POSIX::Termios
13957 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
13958 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
13959 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
13960 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
13961 values, c_oflag field values
13965 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
13969 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
13973 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
14031 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
14040 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
14044 =item Defaults and how to override them
14054 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
14064 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
14072 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
14073 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
14074 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
14075 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
14076 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
14077 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
14078 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
14082 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
14088 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
14094 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
14106 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
14107 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
14108 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
14109 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
14110 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
14111 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
14112 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
14113 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
14118 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
14119 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
14120 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
14121 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
14122 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
14123 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
14127 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
14128 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
14140 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
14142 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
14145 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
14147 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
14149 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
14151 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
14153 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
14161 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
14173 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
14175 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
14182 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
14188 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
14190 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
14197 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
14209 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
14219 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
14220 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
14235 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
14248 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
14249 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
14255 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
14279 =item B<was_cutting()>
14285 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
14291 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
14297 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
14303 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
14309 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14315 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
14321 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
14327 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
14333 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
14339 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
14345 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
14351 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
14357 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14363 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
14369 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
14375 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14381 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
14387 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
14393 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
14399 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
14405 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
14411 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
14417 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
14423 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
14429 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
14435 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14441 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
14447 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14453 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
14465 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
14477 =item OBJECT METHODS
14485 =item Data Accessors
14501 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
14503 B<StartWithNewPage>
14517 =item Subclassed methods
14531 B<interior_sequence>
14547 =item Methods for headings
14555 =item Internal methods
14561 B<_replace_special_chars>
14567 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14583 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14591 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
14596 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14597 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
14598 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown sequence %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
14606 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14610 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14624 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14632 $list-E<gt>indent()
14640 $list-E<gt>parent()
14646 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14648 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14652 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14654 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14658 $link-E<gt>warning()
14660 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14666 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14676 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14682 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14686 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14688 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14692 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14694 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14696 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14698 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14700 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14702 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14704 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14714 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14726 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14728 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14730 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14731 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14737 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14745 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14751 =item B<verbatim()>
14753 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14759 =item B<textblock()>
14761 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14767 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14773 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14785 =item B<initialize()>
14791 =item B<begin_pod()>
14797 =item B<begin_input()>
14803 =item B<end_input()>
14815 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14821 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14827 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14833 =item B<parse_text()>
14835 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14836 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14837 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14843 =item B<interpolate()>
14849 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14855 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14861 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14867 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14873 =item B<errorsub()>
14885 =item B<parseopts()>
14891 =item B<output_file()>
14897 =item B<output_handle()>
14903 =item B<input_file()>
14909 =item B<input_handle()>
14915 =item B<input_streams()>
14921 =item B<top_stream()>
14927 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14933 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
14939 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
14945 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
14953 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
14973 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
14986 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
14988 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
14994 =item OBJECT METHODS
15000 =item B<curr_headings()>
15012 =item B<add_selection()>
15018 =item B<clear_selections()>
15024 =item B<match_section()>
15030 =item B<is_selected()>
15036 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
15042 =item B<podselect()>
15044 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
15050 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15056 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
15062 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
15068 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
15080 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
15088 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
15092 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
15093 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph
15094 "%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown sequence: %s, %s:%d:
15105 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15109 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
15123 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15127 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
15142 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15146 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
15147 text with format escapes
15159 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15163 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
15172 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
15181 =item Recommended Use
15189 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
15193 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
15201 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15207 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15211 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15215 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
15223 a new namespace, an operator mask
15229 =item RECENT CHANGES
15231 =item Methods in class Safe
15233 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
15234 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
15235 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
15236 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
15238 =item Some Safety Issues
15240 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
15248 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
15256 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
15257 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
15265 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
15275 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
15285 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
15295 =item The __DATA__ token
15297 =item SelfLoader autoloading
15299 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
15301 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
15303 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
15305 =item Classes and inherited methods.
15309 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
15313 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
15323 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
15331 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
15332 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
15340 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
15341 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
15342 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
15343 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
15344 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
15348 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
15358 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
15362 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
15364 =item ERROR REPORTING
15372 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
15377 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
15378 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
15402 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
15416 =item Allowing fall-through
15418 =item Automating fall-through
15420 =item Alternative syntax
15422 =item Higher-order Operations
15436 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
15446 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
15458 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
15459 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15467 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15468 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15479 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
15480 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15488 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15489 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15500 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
15510 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
15511 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
15512 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
15516 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
15530 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
15542 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
15550 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
15560 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
15561 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
15569 =item Minimal set of supported functions
15571 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
15572 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
15574 =item Additional supported functions
15576 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
15586 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
15612 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
15616 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15626 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
15646 =item Setting up tests
15662 =item Running tests
15668 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
15686 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
15698 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
15702 =item Test Status and Info
15710 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
15730 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15740 =item The test script output
15742 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15743 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15744 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15748 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15773 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15774 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15775 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15776 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15780 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15781 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15796 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
15806 =item I love it when a plan comes together
15816 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
15844 =item Conditional tests
15854 =item Comparision functions
15870 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15872 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness
15883 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
15909 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Pod::Tests>, L<SelfTest>,
15914 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
15922 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
15924 =item Where to start?
15928 =item Test the manual
15930 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
15932 =item Testing lots of values
15934 =item Informative names
15936 =item Skipping tests
15940 =item Testing with taint mode.
15948 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
15960 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
15970 =item General behaviour in list contexts
15974 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
15976 =item A note about prefixes
15978 =item C<extract_delimited>
15980 =item C<extract_bracketed>
15982 =item C<extract_tagged>
15984 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
15985 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
15987 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
15989 =item C<extract_quotelike>
15991 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
15993 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
15995 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
15997 =item C<extract_codeblock>
15999 =item C<extract_multiple>
16001 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
16007 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
16008 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
16009 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
16010 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
16011 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
16012 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
16013 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
16014 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
16015 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
16016 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
16017 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
16018 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
16023 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
16029 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
16044 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
16061 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
16076 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
16092 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
16105 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
16106 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
16107 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
16111 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
16119 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
16127 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
16129 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
16135 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
16143 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
16145 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
16149 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
16161 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
16171 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
16179 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
16180 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
16181 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
16182 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
16190 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
16199 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
16200 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
16201 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
16202 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
16204 =item MORE INFORMATION
16206 =item COMPATIBILITY
16210 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
16218 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
16219 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
16223 =item MORE INFORMATION
16227 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
16245 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
16254 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
16256 =item MORE INFORMATION
16260 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
16272 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
16281 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
16282 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
16283 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
16284 getitimer ( $which )
16300 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
16308 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16314 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
16329 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
16344 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
16356 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
16364 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
16365 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
16369 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
16379 =item Constructor and Tailoring
16381 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
16382 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
16383 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
16385 =item Other methods
16387 C<@sorted = $UCA-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result = $UCA-E<gt>cmp($a,
16388 $b)>, C<$sortKey = $UCA-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
16389 $UCA-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
16390 $UCA-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
16402 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, L<Unicode::Normalize>, Unicode Collation
16403 Algorithm - Unicode TR #10
16407 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
16415 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
16416 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
16417 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
16429 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
16433 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
16475 =item Blocks versus Scripts
16477 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
16479 =item Code Point Arguments
16505 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
16511 =item Implementation Note
16523 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
16538 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
16549 =item System Specifics
16563 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
16571 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
16573 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
16574 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
16575 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
16576 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
16577 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
16578 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
16579 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
16580 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
16581 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
16582 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
16583 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
16584 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
16585 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
16586 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
16587 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
16588 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
16594 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
16612 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
16624 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
16626 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
16627 don't all have manual pages yet:
16653 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles