4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1998/07/20
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Bundled Distributions
77 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
78 Initial Release: 11/March/97
80 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date:
81 1998/06/14 22:15:25 $)
89 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
91 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
93 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
95 =item How stable is Perl?
97 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
99 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
102 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
104 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
106 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
108 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
110 =item What is a JAPH?
112 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
114 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
115 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
119 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
121 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.24 $,
122 $Date: 1998/07/20 23:40:28 $)
128 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
130 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
132 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
134 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
137 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
138 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
140 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
141 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
143 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
145 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
147 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
149 =item Where should I post source code?
153 References, Tutorials
154 *Learning Perl [2nd edition]
155 by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
157 =item Perl in Magazines
159 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
161 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
163 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
165 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
167 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
169 =item Where do I send bug reports?
171 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
173 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
177 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
179 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 1998/07/16
186 =item How do I do (anything)?
188 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
190 =item Is there a Perl shell?
192 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
194 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
196 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
198 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
200 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
202 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
204 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
206 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
208 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
210 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
212 =item What is undump?
214 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
216 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
218 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
220 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
222 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
224 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
226 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
228 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
230 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
232 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
234 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
236 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
238 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
240 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
241 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
243 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
246 =item What's MakeMaker?
250 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
252 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 1998/07/16
261 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
262 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
264 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
266 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
269 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
271 =item How do I multiply matrices?
273 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
275 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
277 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
285 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
287 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
289 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
291 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
293 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
301 =item How do I validate input?
303 =item How do I unescape a string?
305 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
307 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
309 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
311 =item How do I reverse a string?
313 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
315 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
317 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
319 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
321 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
324 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
326 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
327 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
329 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
331 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
333 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
335 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
337 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
339 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
341 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
342 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
351 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
353 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
355 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:(this assumes all true
356 values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
357 (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any
358 loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive
361 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
363 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
364 intersection of two arrays?
366 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
368 =item How do I handle linked lists?
370 =item How do I handle circular lists?
372 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
374 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
376 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
378 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
380 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
382 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
384 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
388 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
392 =item How do I process an entire hash?
394 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
397 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
399 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
401 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
403 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
405 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
407 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
409 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
411 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
413 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
415 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
417 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
420 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
421 array of hashes or arrays?
423 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
431 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
433 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
435 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
437 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
439 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
441 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
445 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
447 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.24 $, $Date: 1998/07/05
454 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
456 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
457 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
459 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
461 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
463 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
465 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
466 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
468 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
470 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
472 =item How can I write() into a string?
474 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
476 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
478 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
480 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
482 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
484 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
486 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
488 =item How can I lock a file?
490 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
492 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
493 the file. How can I do this?
495 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
497 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
499 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
501 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
503 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
505 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
507 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
509 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
511 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
513 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
515 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
516 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
518 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
520 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
521 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
523 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
527 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
529 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1998/07/16 14:01:07 $)
535 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
536 and unmaintainable code?
538 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
541 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
543 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
546 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
548 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
551 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
553 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
555 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
557 =item What is C</o> really for?
559 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
562 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
564 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
566 =item How do I process each word on each line?
568 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
570 =item How can I do approximate matching?
572 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
574 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
576 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
578 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
580 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
582 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
584 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
588 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
590 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date:
591 1998/06/22 15:20:07 $)
597 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
599 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
602 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
605 =item How do I skip some return values?
607 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
609 =item What's an extension?
611 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
613 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
615 =item How do I create a module?
617 =item How do I create a class?
619 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
621 =item What's a closure?
623 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
625 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
628 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
631 =item How do I create a static variable?
633 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
634 Between local() and my()?
636 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
639 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
641 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
643 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
645 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
647 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
649 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
651 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
653 =item How can I find out my current package?
655 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
659 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
661 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 1998/07/05
668 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
670 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
672 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
674 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
676 =item How do I print something out in color?
678 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
680 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
682 =item How do I clear the screen?
684 =item How do I get the screen size?
686 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
688 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
690 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
692 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
694 =item How do I start a process in the background?
696 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
698 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
700 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
702 =item How do I set the time and date?
704 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
706 =item How can I measure time under a second?
708 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
710 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
711 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
713 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
715 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
717 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
719 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
721 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
723 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
725 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
727 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
729 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
731 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
734 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
736 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
738 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
740 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
743 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
744 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
745 changes to be visible?
749 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
752 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
754 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
756 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
758 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
760 =item How do I set CPU limits?
762 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
764 =item How do I use an SQL database?
766 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
768 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
770 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
772 =item What's the difference between require and use?
774 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
776 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
779 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
783 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
785 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1998/06/22 18:31:09
792 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
795 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
797 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
799 =item How do I extract URLs?
801 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
802 file on another machine?
804 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
806 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
808 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
810 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
812 =item How do I redirect to another page?
814 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
816 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
818 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
819 CGI script to do bad things?
821 =item How do I parse a mail header?
823 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
825 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
827 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
829 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
831 =item How do I send mail?
833 =item How do I read mail?
835 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
837 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
839 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
841 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
845 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
847 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
851 =item About the new versioning system
853 =item Incompatible Changes
857 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
859 =item Default installation structure has changed
861 =item Perl Source Compatibility
863 =item C Source Compatibility
865 Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global variables must
866 now be referenced with an explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source
869 =item Binary Compatibility
871 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
873 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
887 =item Regular Expressions
889 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
890 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
891 improvements, Incompatible changes
893 =item Improved malloc()
895 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
897 =item Reliable signals
899 =item Reliable stack pointers
901 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
903 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
905 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
907 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
909 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
911 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
913 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
915 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
917 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
919 =item Better locale support
921 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
923 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
925 =item Extended support for exception handling
927 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
929 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
931 =item New C<INIT> keyword
933 =item New C<lock> keyword
935 =item New C<qr//> operator
937 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
939 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
941 =item Tied handles support is better
943 =item 4th argument to substr
945 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
947 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
949 =item E<lt>E<gt> now reads in records
953 =item Supported Platforms
959 =item Changes in existing support
963 =item Modules and Pragmata
969 B, Data::Dumper, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
970 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
971 Thread, attrs, fields, re
973 =item Changes in existing modules
975 CGI, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark
979 =item Utility Changes
981 =item Documentation Changes
983 =item New Diagnostics
985 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
986 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
987 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't coerce array
988 into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize
989 pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available,
990 Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved
991 for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future
992 extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions,
993 %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed,
994 use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to
995 '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field,
996 No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during
997 ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive
998 inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s',
999 Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to
1000 typeglob, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting
1003 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
1005 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
1014 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1020 =item Variable names
1026 =item Scalar value constructors
1028 =item List value constructors
1030 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1034 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1042 =item Simple statements
1044 =item Compound statements
1052 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1056 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1058 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1062 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1070 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1072 =item The Arrow Operator
1074 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1076 =item Exponentiation
1078 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1080 =item Binding Operators
1082 =item Multiplicative Operators
1084 =item Additive Operators
1086 =item Shift Operators
1088 =item Named Unary Operators
1090 =item Relational Operators
1092 =item Equality Operators
1096 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1098 =item C-style Logical And
1100 =item C-style Logical Or
1102 =item Range Operators
1104 =item Conditional Operator
1106 =item Assignment Operators
1108 =item Comma Operator
1110 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1116 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1118 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1120 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1122 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1124 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1126 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1127 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1128 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1129 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1131 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1133 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1134 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1135 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<<file*globE<gt>>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1136 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1141 =item Constant Folding
1143 =item Bitwise String Operators
1145 =item Integer Arithmetic
1147 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1149 =item Bigger Numbers
1153 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1161 =item Regular Expressions
1163 C<(?#text)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, C<(?=pattern)>,
1164 C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?E<lt>=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{ code })>,
1165 C<(?E<gt>pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>,
1166 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>
1170 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1172 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1174 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1176 =item Creating custom RE engines
1182 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1190 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1192 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1194 =item Location of Perl
1198 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<letters>,
1199 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1200 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1201 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1202 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1203 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1209 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
1210 (specific to WIN32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1212 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1218 =item Perl Functions by Category
1220 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1221 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1222 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1223 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1224 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1225 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1226 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1227 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1228 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1229 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1232 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1234 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1235 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1236 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1237 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1238 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1239 close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue
1240 BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
1241 HASH,DBNAME,MODE, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK,
1242 do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof
1243 (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR,
1244 exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno
1245 FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline
1246 PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp
1247 PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
1248 gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
1249 getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
1250 getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport
1251 PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent,
1252 getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
1253 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
1254 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt
1255 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR,
1256 goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
1257 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1258 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last
1259 LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link
1260 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log
1261 EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1262 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
1263 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no
1264 Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1265 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package
1266 NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
1267 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
1268 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1269 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1270 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1271 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1272 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1273 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR,
1274 reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
1275 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
1276 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1277 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1278 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1279 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1280 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1281 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1282 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1283 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1284 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1285 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1286 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1287 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1288 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1289 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN,REPLACEMENT, substr
1290 EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST,
1291 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS,
1292 sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1293 sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST,
1294 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
1295 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1296 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1297 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1298 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1299 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use
1300 Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
1301 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
1302 FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1306 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1312 =item Predefined Names
1314 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digits>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1315 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1316 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1317 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1318 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1319 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1320 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1321 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1322 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1323 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1324 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1325 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1326 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1327 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1328 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1329 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1330 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1331 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
1332 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, $^R, $^S,
1333 $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC,
1334 @_, %INC, %ENV $ENV{expr}, %SIG $SIG{expr}
1336 =item Error Indicators
1340 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1348 =item Private Variables via C<my()>
1350 =item Peristent Private Variables
1352 =item Temporary Values via local()
1354 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1356 =item When to Still Use local()
1358 1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially C<$_>,
1359 2. You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function,
1360 3. You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash
1362 =item Pass by Reference
1366 =item Constant Functions
1368 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1376 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
1386 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1396 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
1400 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1404 =item Pragmatic Modules
1406 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less,
1407 lib, locale, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1409 =item Standard Modules
1411 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1412 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1413 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1414 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1415 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1416 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal,
1417 Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy,
1418 File::Find, File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin,
1419 GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File,
1420 IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2,
1421 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig,
1422 NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent,
1423 Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict,
1424 SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog,
1425 Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
1426 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash,
1427 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
1428 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1430 =item Extension Modules
1436 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1437 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1438 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1439 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1440 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1441 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1442 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1443 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1444 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1445 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1446 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1447 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1448 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1451 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1455 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1457 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1458 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1459 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1460 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1461 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1462 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1463 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1464 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1465 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1466 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1467 care when changing a released module
1469 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1471 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1472 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1473 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1474 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1476 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1478 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1479 applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the
1480 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1481 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1482 can then be reduced to a small
1488 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
1496 B<DECOMPRESS> the file=item B<UNPACK> the file into a directory
1497 =item B<BUILD> the module (sometimes unnecessary)
1498 =item B<INSTALL> the module
1508 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1514 =item Format Variables
1524 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1530 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1535 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1541 =item The use locale pragma
1543 =item The setlocale function
1545 =item Finding locales
1547 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1549 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1551 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1553 =item Permanently fixing your locale configuration
1555 =item Permanently fixing system locale configuration
1557 =item The localeconv function
1561 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1565 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1567 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1569 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1571 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1575 =item Other categories
1581 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1582 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>),
1583 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1584 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1585 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1586 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1587 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1588 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1589 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1594 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1601 =item Backward compatibility
1603 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1605 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1607 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1609 =item Freely available locale definitions
1613 =item An imperfect standard
1621 =item Broken systems
1629 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1635 =item Making References
1637 =item Using References
1639 =item Symbolic references
1641 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1643 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1645 =item Function Templates
1653 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1657 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1658 more elaborate constructs
1662 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1664 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1666 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1672 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1676 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1678 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1680 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1684 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1688 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1690 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1692 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1696 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1700 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1702 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1704 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1708 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1712 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1714 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1716 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1720 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1724 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1726 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1728 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1738 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1742 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1744 =item Growing Your Own
1746 =item Access and Printing
1754 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1758 =item Creating a Class
1762 =item Object Representation
1764 =item Class Interface
1766 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1768 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1772 =item Other Object Methods
1780 =item Accessing Class Data
1782 =item Debugging Methods
1784 =item Class Destructors
1786 =item Documenting the Interface
1796 =item Overridden Methods
1798 =item Multiple Inheritance
1800 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1804 =item Alternate Object Representations
1808 =item Arrays as Objects
1810 =item Closures as Objects
1814 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1818 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1820 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1824 =item Metaclassical Tools
1830 =item Data Members as Variables
1834 =item Object Terminology
1840 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1846 =item Acknowledgments
1850 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1856 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1858 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1860 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1862 =item Method Invocation
1864 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1866 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1874 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1880 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1890 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1894 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1899 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1900 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1901 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1903 =item Tying FileHandles
1905 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1906 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this
1908 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1918 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1922 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1924 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1926 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1928 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1930 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1932 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1934 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1936 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1938 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1940 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1944 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1945 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1959 =item Using open() for IPC
1965 =item Background Processes
1967 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1969 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1971 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1973 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1977 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1981 =item Internet Line Terminators
1983 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1985 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1989 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1993 =item A Simple Client
1995 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1997 =item A Webget Client
1999 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2003 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2005 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2007 =item UDP: Message Passing
2019 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2023 =item The Perl Debugger
2027 =item Debugger Commands
2029 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
2030 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
2031 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
2032 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
2033 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
2034 command, A, W [expr], W, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?]..,
2035 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2036 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2037 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
2038 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
2039 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
2040 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ],
2041 E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command, E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{
2042 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R,
2043 |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, m package
2045 =item Debugger input/output
2047 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
2049 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2051 =item Debugger Customization
2053 =item Readline Support
2055 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2057 =item The Perl Profiler
2059 =item Debugger support in perl
2061 =item Debugger Internals
2063 =item Other resources
2069 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
2073 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
2075 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
2076 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
2079 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
2081 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
2083 =item B<-DL> details
2087 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistic
2091 =item Debugging regular expressions
2095 =item Compile-time output
2097 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
2098 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
2099 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
2102 =item Types of nodes
2104 =item Run-time output
2108 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2112 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2118 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2120 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2122 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2126 =item Protecting Your Programs
2132 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
2148 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
2150 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
2151 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
2152 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
2153 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
2155 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
2157 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
2158 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
2159 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
2163 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
2165 =item Numerical Traps
2167 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
2169 =item General data type traps
2171 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
2172 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
2174 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
2176 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
2178 =item Precedence Traps
2180 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
2183 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
2185 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
2186 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
2189 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
2191 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2197 =item Interpolation Traps
2199 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2200 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2206 =item Unclassified Traps
2208 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
2213 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2217 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, The vast majority of Perl B<is>
2228 =item System Interaction
2230 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2232 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2234 =item Standard Modules
2238 =item System Resources
2248 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2249 C<http://www.connect.net/gbarr/cpan-test/>
2257 =item DOS and Derivatives
2259 The djgpp environment for DOS, C<http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/>, The EMX
2260 environment for DOS, OS/2, etc.
2261 C<emx@iaehv.nl>,C<http://www.juge.com/bbs/Hobb.19.html>, Build instructions
2262 for Win32, L<perlwin32>, The ActiveState Pages,
2263 C<http://www.activestate.com/>
2267 The MacPerl Pages, C<http://www.ptf.com/macperl/>, The MacPerl mailing
2268 list, C<mac-perl-request@iis.ee.ethz.ch>
2272 L<perlvms.pod>, vmsperl list, C<vmsperl-request@newman.upenn.edu>, vmsperl
2273 on the web, C<http://www.sidhe.org/vmsperl/index.html>
2275 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2277 perl-mvs list, AS/400 Perl information at C<http://as400.rochester.ibm.com>
2281 Atari, Guido Flohr's page C<http://stud.uni-sb.de/~gufl0000/>, HP 300
2282 MPE/iX C<http://www.cccd.edu/~markb/perlix.html>, Novell Netware
2286 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2290 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2292 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown
2293 LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
2294 HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
2295 flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid,
2296 getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME,
2297 getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber
2298 NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent,
2299 getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent
2300 STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN,
2301 endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
2302 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl
2303 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat
2304 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
2305 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
2306 FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
2307 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2308 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
2309 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl
2310 ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite
2311 ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat
2312 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, system
2313 LIST, times, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR,
2314 umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2318 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2322 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2326 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2332 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2334 =item Command Paragraph
2336 =item Ordinary Block of Text
2340 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2342 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2350 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2354 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2362 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2363 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2367 =item Compiling your C program
2369 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2371 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2373 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2375 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2377 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2379 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2381 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2383 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2388 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
2396 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2402 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2403 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2404 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2405 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2406 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
2407 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2408 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2409 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2410 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2411 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2415 =item Co-existence with stdio
2417 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2418 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2419 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2420 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2421 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2422 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2426 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2436 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2438 =item The Argument Stack
2440 =item The RETVAL Variable
2442 =item The MODULE Keyword
2444 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2446 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2448 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2450 =item The CODE: Keyword
2452 =item The INIT: Keyword
2454 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2456 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2458 =item Default Parameter Values
2460 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2462 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2464 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2466 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2468 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
2470 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2472 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2474 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2476 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2478 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2480 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2482 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2484 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2486 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2488 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
2490 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
2492 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2494 =item The CASE: Keyword
2496 =item The & Unary Operator
2498 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2500 =item Using XS With C++
2502 =item Interface Strategy
2504 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2516 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2522 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2524 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2530 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2532 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2536 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2538 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2540 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2542 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2548 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2550 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2552 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2554 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2556 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2558 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2568 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2578 =item What is an "IV"?
2580 =item Working with SVs
2582 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2584 =item Working with AVs
2586 =item Working with HVs
2588 =item Hash API Extensions
2592 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2594 =item Creating New Variables
2596 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2598 =item Stashes and Globs
2600 =item Double-Typed SVs
2602 =item Magic Variables
2604 =item Assigning Magic
2606 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2610 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
2612 =item Localizing changes
2614 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
2615 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
2616 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
2617 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(f,p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
2618 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
2619 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
2620 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
2621 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
2629 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2631 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2633 =item Memory Allocation
2637 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2641 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2651 =item Examining the tree
2653 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2655 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2657 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2659 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2665 av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, AvFILL, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2666 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2667 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, PL_dowarn, dSP,
2668 dXSARGS, dXSI32, do_binmode, ENTER, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr,
2669 FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR,
2670 gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, G_VOID, gv_stashpv,
2671 gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY,
2672 HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear, hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete,
2673 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
2674 hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext,
2675 hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store, hv_store_ent,
2676 hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix,
2677 LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2678 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, PL_na, New, newAV, Newc,
2679 newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
2680 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz,
2681 Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc,
2682 perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv,
2683 perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv, perl_free,
2684 perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2685 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2686 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree,
2687 safemalloc, saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ,
2688 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless,
2689 sv_catpv, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg,
2690 sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec,
2691 sv_derived_from, sv_derived_from, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
2692 sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp,
2693 sv_isa, sv_isobject, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
2694 sv_newmortal, SvNIOK, SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, PL_sv_no, SvNOK, SvNOK_off,
2695 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOK_off,
2696 SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPV_force, SvPVX, SvREFCNT,
2697 SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC,
2698 sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpv_mg,
2699 sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpvf,
2700 sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
2701 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
2702 SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SVt_IV, SVt_PV,
2703 SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype,
2704 PL_sv_undef, sv_unref, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
2705 sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale),
2706 sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), SvUV,
2707 SvUVX, PL_sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
2708 XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
2709 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV,
2710 XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
2715 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2719 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2721 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2723 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2743 =item Determining the Context
2747 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2753 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2755 =item Passing Parameters
2757 =item Returning a Scalar
2759 =item Returning a list of values
2761 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2763 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2767 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2769 =item Using perl_call_sv
2771 =item Using perl_call_argv
2773 =item Using perl_call_method
2777 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2779 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2781 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2782 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2785 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2787 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2797 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
2803 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
2815 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
2817 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
2821 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
2823 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2825 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine
2833 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
2839 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2851 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
2859 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2869 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2877 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2885 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2894 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2896 =item The I<splain> Program
2908 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
2916 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2923 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2929 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2937 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2939 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2941 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2949 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2956 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2960 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2966 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2968 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2970 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2972 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2974 =item Overloadable Operations
2976 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2977 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2978 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2980 =item Inheritance and overloading
2982 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2983 is inherited by derived classes
2987 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2995 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2997 =item Copy Constructor
3003 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
3005 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
3006 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
3007 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
3011 =item Run-time Overloading
3013 =item Public functions
3015 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
3017 =item Overloading constants
3019 integer, float, binary, q, qr
3021 =item IMPLEMENTATION
3029 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
3039 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
3041 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
3045 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
3049 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
3055 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
3061 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
3063 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
3069 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
3075 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
3077 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
3085 =item DBM Comparisons
3093 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
3101 =item Subroutine Stubs
3103 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
3105 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
3107 =item Package Lexicals
3109 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
3117 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
3123 $keep, $check, $modtime
3127 =item Multiple packages
3133 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
3139 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
3143 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
3151 IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
3165 =item B::PVMG METHODS
3169 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
3171 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
3173 =item B::PVLV METHODS
3175 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
3179 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
3183 NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT,
3188 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
3189 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
3193 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
3197 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILEGV, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY
3201 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
3203 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
3207 next, sibling, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
3209 =item B::UNOP METHOD
3213 =item B::BINOP METHOD
3217 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
3221 =item B::CONDOP METHODS
3225 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
3229 =item B::PMOP METHODS
3231 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
3233 =item B::SVOP METHOD
3237 =item B::GVOP METHOD
3241 =item B::PVOP METHOD
3245 =item B::LOOP METHODS
3247 redoop, nextop, lastop
3249 =item B::COP METHODS
3251 label, stash, filegv, cop_seq, arybase, line
3255 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
3257 main_cv, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no,
3258 walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF,
3259 METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I),
3260 minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names, byteload_fh(FILEHANDLE)
3264 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
3273 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
3281 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
3289 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
3297 B<-ofilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
3298 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-fstrip-syntax-tree>,
3299 B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m>
3305 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
3313 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
3314 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>
3322 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
3330 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
3331 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
3332 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
3344 =item Context of ".."
3348 =item Deprecated features
3354 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
3362 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
3370 B<-p>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-l>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>
3376 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
3384 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
3390 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
3392 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
3393 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
3395 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
3403 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
3411 =item IMPLEMENTATION
3415 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
3423 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
3431 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
3439 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
3447 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
3453 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
3465 =item Standard Exports
3467 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
3468 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
3469 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
3471 =item Optional Exports
3473 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
3485 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
3487 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
3497 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
3499 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
3501 1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. Forexample,
3502 -value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values,
3503 3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values'
3505 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
3507 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
3509 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
3511 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
3513 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
3515 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
3517 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
3519 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
3521 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
3523 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
3525 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
3527 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
3529 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
3531 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
3532 B<:standard>, B<:all>
3536 -any, -compile, -nph, -autoload, -no_debug, -private_tempfiles
3540 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
3544 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
3546 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
3548 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
3550 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
3552 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
3554 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
3556 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
3558 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
3563 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
3567 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
3569 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
3571 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
3573 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
3577 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
3581 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
3583 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
3585 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
3587 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
3591 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
3593 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
3595 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
3599 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
3601 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
3605 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
3609 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
3613 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
3617 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
3621 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
3623 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
3625 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
3629 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
3631 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
3633 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
3635 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
3639 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
3641 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
3642 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
3644 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
3646 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
3647 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
3650 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
3656 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
3660 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
3662 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
3663 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
3664 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
3665 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
3666 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
3669 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
3671 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
3672 parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
3677 multipart_init(-boundary=>$boundary);, multipart_start(), multipart_end()
3679 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
3681 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
3682 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
3684 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
3686 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3690 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
3691 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
3692 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
3693 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
3694 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
3695 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
3696 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
3697 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
3698 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
3699 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
3700 (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston
3701 (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more..
3703 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
3709 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
3723 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
3730 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
3732 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
3736 =item Changing the default message
3746 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
3752 =item USING CGI::Cookie
3754 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
3758 =item Creating New Cookies
3760 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
3762 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
3764 =item Manipulating Cookies
3766 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
3770 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3776 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
3782 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
3784 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
3786 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
3788 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3792 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3798 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3804 =item USING CGI::Push
3806 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3810 =item Heterogeneous Pages
3812 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
3816 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3820 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3826 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3837 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3845 =item Interactive Mode
3847 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3848 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3849 distribution, Signals
3857 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
3859 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3861 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3863 =item Methods in the four
3871 =item Finding packages and VERSION
3875 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3881 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3882 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3883 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3888 =item CD-ROM support
3902 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3908 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3917 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3925 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
3929 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
3937 =item The C<struct()> function
3939 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
3941 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
3942 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
3948 Example 1, Example 2
3950 =item Author and Modification History
3952 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3958 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
3964 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3968 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2
3970 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3972 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3974 =item Default Parameters
3976 =item In Memory Databases
3984 =item A Simple Example
3992 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3994 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3996 =item The get_dup() Method
3998 =item Matching Partial Keys
4006 =item The 'bval' Option
4008 =item A Simple Example
4012 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
4013 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
4015 =item Another Example
4019 =item THE API INTERFACE
4021 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
4022 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
4023 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
4024 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
4026 =item HINTS AND TIPS
4030 =item Locking Databases
4032 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
4034 =item The untie() Gotcha
4038 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
4042 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
4044 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
4046 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
4048 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
4064 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
4065 printing and C<eval>
4075 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
4076 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dumpxs I<or>
4077 I<PACKAGE>->Dumpxs(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>),
4078 I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
4079 I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Reset
4083 Dumper(I<LIST>), DumperX(I<LIST>)
4085 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
4087 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
4088 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
4089 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
4090 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
4091 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
4092 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
4093 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
4094 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
4095 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
4096 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
4097 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>)
4115 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
4121 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
4127 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
4134 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
4142 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
4150 =item Selecting What To Export
4152 =item Specialised Import Lists
4154 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
4156 =item Module Version Checking
4158 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
4160 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
4164 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
4171 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
4172 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
4173 directory.., test_f file
4181 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
4191 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
4192 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
4200 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
4206 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
4216 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
4217 packlist(), version()
4223 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
4229 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
4235 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
4245 =item VMS implementation
4247 =item Win32 implementation
4253 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
4260 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
4270 =item Preloaded methods
4272 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
4274 =item SelfLoaded methods
4276 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
4277 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
4278 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
4279 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
4280 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
4282 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
4284 fixin, force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main,
4285 init_others, install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir,
4286 macro (o), makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
4287 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version,
4288 parse_abstract, pasthru (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), ppd,
4289 perm_rw (o), perm_rwx (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o), post_initialize
4290 (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean (o),
4291 replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
4292 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
4293 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
4294 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
4300 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
4309 =item Methods always loaded
4311 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
4312 rootdir (override), updir (override)
4314 =item SelfLoaded methods
4316 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
4317 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
4318 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
4319 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
4320 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
4321 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
4322 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
4323 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
4324 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
4325 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
4326 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
4327 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
4328 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
4329 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
4334 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
4341 catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o),
4342 canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit
4343 (override), tools_other (o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), manifypods (o),
4344 dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
4346 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
4354 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
4356 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
4364 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
4368 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
4370 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
4372 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
4374 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
4376 C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
4377 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, IMPORTS, INC,
4378 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
4379 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
4380 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
4381 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
4382 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
4383 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
4384 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM,
4385 PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS,
4386 XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
4388 =item Additional lowercase attributes
4390 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
4393 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
4395 =item Hintsfile support
4397 =item Distribution Support
4399 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
4400 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
4401 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
4403 =item Disabling an extension
4411 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
4421 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
4425 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
4426 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
4432 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
4438 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
4445 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
4451 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
4461 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
4467 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
4473 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
4481 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
4489 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
4491 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
4497 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
4501 C<basename>, C<dirname>
4503 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
4509 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
4519 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
4527 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
4529 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
4537 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
4543 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
4553 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
4561 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
4571 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
4581 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
4589 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir, file_name_is_absolute,
4594 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
4600 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
4608 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir, no_upwards,
4609 file_name_is_absolute, path, join, nativename
4613 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
4621 =item Methods always loaded
4623 catdir, catfile, curdir (override), rootdir (override), updir (override),
4624 path (override), file_name_is_absolute (override)
4628 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
4636 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
4646 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
4654 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
4660 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
4664 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
4670 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
4680 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
4692 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
4703 =item Linkage specification
4705 =item Aliases and abbreviations
4707 =item Non-option call-back routine
4709 =item Option starters
4711 =item Return values and Errors
4719 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
4721 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
4722 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
4723 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
4724 reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset)
4726 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
4728 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
4732 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
4734 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
4741 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
4748 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
4754 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
4762 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
4766 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
4772 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
4781 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
4785 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
4786 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
4787 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
4797 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
4805 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
4809 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
4817 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
4828 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
4841 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4842 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4843 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4851 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4864 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4871 =item IO::Socket::INET
4875 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4878 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4882 hostpath(), peerpath()
4892 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4902 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4911 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
4925 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
4933 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
4934 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
4943 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
4952 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
4953 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
4954 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
4963 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4969 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4975 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4981 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4985 =item Autocreating constants
4991 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
5002 =item STRINGIFICATION
5006 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
5008 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
5014 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
5020 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
5026 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
5028 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
5032 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
5034 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
5038 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
5040 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
5042 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
5043 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
5047 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
5055 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
5061 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
5071 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
5072 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
5080 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
5093 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
5106 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
5117 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
5130 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
5136 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
5146 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
5148 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
5149 or optag, an operator set (opset)
5151 =item Opcode Functions
5153 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
5154 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
5155 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
5158 =item Manipulating Opsets
5162 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
5164 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
5165 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
5166 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
5173 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
5180 a new namespace, an operator mask
5186 =item RECENT CHANGES
5188 =item Methods in class Safe
5190 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
5191 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
5192 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
5193 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
5195 =item Some Safety Issues
5197 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
5203 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
5212 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
5224 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
5225 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
5226 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
5227 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
5228 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
5229 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
5230 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
5231 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
5232 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
5233 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
5234 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
5235 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
5236 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
5237 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
5238 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
5239 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
5240 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
5241 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
5242 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
5243 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
5244 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
5245 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
5246 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
5247 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
5248 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
5249 wcstombs, wctomb, write
5255 =item POSIX::SigAction
5261 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
5263 =item POSIX::Termios
5265 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
5266 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
5267 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
5268 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
5269 values, c_oflag field values
5273 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
5277 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
5281 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
5339 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
5347 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
5348 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
5360 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
5370 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
5376 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
5382 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
5388 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
5396 =item The __DATA__ token
5398 =item SelfLoader autoloading
5400 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
5402 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
5404 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
5406 =item Classes and inherited methods.
5410 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
5412 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
5420 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
5421 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
5427 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
5428 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
5429 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
5430 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
5431 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
5433 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
5439 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
5447 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
5448 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
5454 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
5455 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
5466 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
5474 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
5480 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
5488 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
5489 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
5495 =item Minimal set of supported functions
5497 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
5498 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
5500 =item Additional supported functions
5502 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
5508 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
5516 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
5524 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
5532 =item The test script output
5540 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
5541 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
5542 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
5553 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
5561 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
5570 0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2use of
5571 quotes to include a space in a word, 3use of a backslash to include a space
5572 in a word, 4use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a
5573 double-quote, 5another simple word (note the lack of effect of the
5574 backslashed double-quote)
5578 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
5591 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
5602 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
5614 =head2 Thread - multithreading
5622 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
5623 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
5624 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
5634 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
5640 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
5642 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
5646 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
5652 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
5654 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
5656 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
5664 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
5668 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
5674 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
5675 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, CLEAR this,
5676 DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST,
5677 SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
5683 =head2 Tie::Handle - base class definitions for tied handles
5689 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
5690 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
5691 READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5693 =item MORE INFORMATION
5695 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
5701 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
5702 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
5706 =item MORE INFORMATION
5708 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
5722 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
5729 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
5731 =item MORE INFORMATION
5733 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
5741 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
5747 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
5758 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
5769 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
5777 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
5783 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
5784 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
5786 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
5797 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
5808 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
5810 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
5811 don't all have manual pages yet:
5833 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles