2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
4 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
8 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
12 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
13 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
14 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
16 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
18 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
30 =item Reference Manual
32 =item Internals and C Language Interface
36 =item Language-Specific
38 =item Platform-Specific
62 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
72 =item Running Perl programs
74 =item Basic syntax overview
76 =item Perl variable types
78 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
80 =item Variable scoping
82 =item Conditional and looping constructs
84 if, while, for, foreach
86 =item Builtin operators and functions
88 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
93 =item Regular expressions
95 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
96 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
98 =item Writing subroutines
102 =item Using Perl modules
110 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
116 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
124 =item Making References
126 =item Using References
144 =item Distribution Conditions
150 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
156 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
157 more elaborate constructs
161 =item COMMON MISTAKES
163 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
165 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
171 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
175 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
177 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
179 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
183 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
187 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
189 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
191 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
195 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
199 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
201 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
203 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
207 =item HASHES OF HASHES
211 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
213 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
215 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
219 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
223 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
225 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
227 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
239 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
247 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
249 =item Growing Your Own
251 =item Access and Printing
263 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
273 =item Simple word matching
275 =item Using character classes
277 =item Matching this or that
279 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
281 =item Extracting matches
283 =item Matching repetitions
287 =item Search and replace
289 =item The split operator
297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
301 =item Acknowledgments
307 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
313 =item Part 1: The basics
317 =item Simple word matching
319 =item Using character classes
321 =item Matching this or that
323 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
325 =item Extracting matches
327 =item Matching repetitions
329 =item Building a regexp
331 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
335 =item Part 2: Power tools
339 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
341 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
343 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
345 =item Non-capturing groupings
347 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
349 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
351 =item Conditional expressions
353 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
355 =item Pragmas and debugging
363 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
367 =item Acknowledgments
373 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
381 =item If we could talk to the animals...
383 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
385 =item Invoking a barnyard
387 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
389 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
391 =item Inheriting the windpipes
393 =item A few notes about @ISA
395 =item Overriding the methods
397 =item Starting the search from a different place
399 =item The SUPER way of doing things
401 =item Where we're at so far...
403 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
405 =item Invoking an instance method
407 =item Accessing the instance data
409 =item How to build a horse
411 =item Inheriting the constructor
413 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
415 =item Adding parameters to a method
417 =item More interesting instances
419 =item A horse of a different color
431 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
437 =item Creating a Class
441 =item Object Representation
443 =item Class Interface
445 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
447 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
451 =item Other Object Methods
459 =item Accessing Class Data
461 =item Debugging Methods
463 =item Class Destructors
465 =item Documenting the Interface
475 =item Overridden Methods
477 =item Multiple Inheritance
479 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
483 =item Alternate Object Representations
487 =item Arrays as Objects
489 =item Closures as Objects
493 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
497 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
499 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
503 =item Metaclassical Tools
509 =item Data Members as Variables
517 =item Object Terminology
523 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
529 =item Acknowledgments
535 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
541 =item Class Data in a Can
543 =item Class Data as Package Variables
547 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
549 =item Inheritance Concerns
551 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
553 =item Indirect References to Class Data
555 =item Monadic Classes
557 =item Translucent Attributes
561 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
565 =item Privacy and Responsibility
567 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
569 =item More Inheritance Concerns
571 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
573 =item Translucency Revisited
581 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
583 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
589 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
595 =item OO SCALING TIPS
597 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
599 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
601 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
603 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
605 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
607 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
609 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
611 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
613 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
621 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
629 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
641 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
649 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
667 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
669 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
670 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
671 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
672 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
674 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
676 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
677 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
678 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
682 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
684 =item Numerical Traps
686 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
688 =item General data type traps
690 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
691 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
693 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
695 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
697 =item Precedence Traps
699 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
702 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
704 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
705 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
706 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
708 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
710 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
716 =item Interpolation Traps
718 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
719 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
725 =item Unclassified Traps
727 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
734 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
742 =item Looking at data and -w and v
746 =item Stepping through code
748 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
750 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
768 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
777 =item Where to get the perlfaq
779 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
781 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
788 =item Author and Copyright Information
792 =item Bundled Distributions
798 =item Table of Contents
800 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
801 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
802 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
803 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
804 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
810 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
812 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
814 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
816 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
818 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
820 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
822 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
824 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
826 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
832 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
833 2003/07/09 15:47:28 $)
843 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
845 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
847 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
853 =item How stable is Perl?
855 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
857 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
860 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
862 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
864 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
866 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
868 =item What is a JAPH?
870 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
872 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
873 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
877 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
881 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.20 $,
882 $Date: 2003/01/26 17:50:56 $)
890 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
892 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
894 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
896 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
899 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
900 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
902 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
903 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
905 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
907 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
909 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
911 =item Where should I post source code?
915 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
917 =item Perl in Magazines
919 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
921 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
923 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
925 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
927 =item Where do I send bug reports?
929 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
933 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
937 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.35 $, $Date: 2003/08/24
946 =item How do I do (anything)?
948 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
950 =item Is there a Perl shell?
952 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
954 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
956 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
958 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
960 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
962 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
964 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
966 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
967 GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
968 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
970 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
972 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
974 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
976 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
978 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
980 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
982 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
984 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
985 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
987 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
989 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
991 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
993 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
995 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
997 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
999 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1001 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1003 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1005 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1007 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1009 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
1011 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
1012 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
1014 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1016 =item What's MakeMaker?
1020 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1024 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 2003/09/20
1035 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1036 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1038 =item Why is int() broken?
1040 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1042 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1045 =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1047 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1048 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1049 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1050 from decimal to binary
1052 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1054 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1056 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1058 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1060 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1062 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1070 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1072 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1074 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1076 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1078 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1080 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1082 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1090 =item How do I validate input?
1092 =item How do I unescape a string?
1094 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1096 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1098 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1100 =item How do I reverse a string?
1102 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1104 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1106 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1108 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1110 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1113 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1115 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1118 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1120 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1122 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1124 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1126 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1128 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1130 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1132 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1133 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1142 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1144 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1146 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1150 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1153 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1154 intersection of two arrays?
1156 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1158 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1160 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1162 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1164 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1166 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1168 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1170 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1172 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1174 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1176 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1180 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1184 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1186 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1189 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1191 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1193 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1195 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1197 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1199 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1201 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1203 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1205 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1207 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1209 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1212 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1213 array of hashes or arrays?
1215 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1223 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1225 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1227 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1229 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1231 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1233 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1235 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1239 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1243 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1252 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1254 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
1255 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
1257 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1259 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1261 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1263 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1265 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1266 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1268 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1270 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1272 =item How can I write() into a string?
1274 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1276 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1278 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1280 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1283 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1285 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1287 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1289 =item How can I lock a file?
1291 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1293 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1294 the file. How can I do this?
1296 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1297 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1299 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1301 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1303 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1305 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1307 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1309 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1311 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1313 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1315 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1317 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1319 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1321 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1322 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1324 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1326 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1327 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1329 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1331 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1335 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1339 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
1348 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1349 and unmaintainable code?
1351 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1353 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1355 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1358 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1360 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1363 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1365 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1367 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1369 =item What is C</o> really for?
1371 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1374 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1376 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1378 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1380 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1382 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1384 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1386 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1388 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1390 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1392 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1394 =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1396 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1398 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
1402 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1406 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
1407 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
1415 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1417 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1420 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1423 =item How do I skip some return values?
1425 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1427 =item What's an extension?
1429 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1431 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1433 =item How do I create a module?
1435 =item How do I create a class?
1437 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1439 =item What's a closure?
1441 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1443 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1446 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1449 =item How do I create a static variable?
1451 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1452 Between local() and my()?
1454 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1457 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1459 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1461 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1463 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1465 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1467 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1470 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1472 =item How can I find out my current package?
1474 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1476 =item How do I clear a package?
1478 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1480 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1484 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1488 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1497 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1499 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1501 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1503 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1505 =item How do I print something out in color?
1507 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1509 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1511 =item How do I clear the screen?
1513 =item How do I get the screen size?
1515 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1517 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1519 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1521 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1523 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1525 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1527 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1529 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1531 =item How do I set the time and date?
1533 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1535 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1537 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1539 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1540 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1542 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1544 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1546 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1548 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1550 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1552 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1554 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1556 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1558 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1560 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1563 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1565 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1567 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1569 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1572 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1573 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1574 changes to be visible?
1578 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1581 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1583 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1585 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1587 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1589 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1591 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1593 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1595 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1597 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1599 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1601 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1603 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1606 =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1608 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1612 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1616 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
1625 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1627 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1630 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1632 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1634 =item How do I extract URLs?
1636 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1637 file on another machine?
1639 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1641 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1643 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1645 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1647 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1649 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1651 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1653 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1654 CGI script to do bad things?
1656 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1658 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1660 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1662 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1664 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1666 =item How do I send mail?
1668 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1670 =item How do I read mail?
1672 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1674 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1676 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1678 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1682 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1686 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1698 =item Simple Statements
1700 =item Compound Statements
1708 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1712 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1714 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1720 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1728 =item Variable names
1734 =item Scalar value constructors
1736 =item List value constructors
1742 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1750 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1760 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1762 =item The Arrow Operator
1764 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1766 =item Exponentiation
1768 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1770 =item Binding Operators
1772 =item Multiplicative Operators
1774 =item Additive Operators
1776 =item Shift Operators
1778 =item Named Unary Operators
1780 =item Relational Operators
1782 =item Equality Operators
1786 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1788 =item C-style Logical And
1790 =item C-style Logical Or
1792 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1794 =item Range Operators
1796 =item Conditional Operator
1798 =item Assignment Operators
1800 =item Comma Operator
1802 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1808 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
1810 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1812 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1814 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1816 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1818 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1819 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1820 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1821 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
1823 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1825 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1826 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1827 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1828 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1833 =item Constant Folding
1835 =item Bitwise String Operators
1837 =item Integer Arithmetic
1839 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1841 =item Bigger Numbers
1847 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1857 =item Private Variables via my()
1859 =item Persistent Private Variables
1861 =item Temporary Values via local()
1863 =item Lvalue subroutines
1865 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
1867 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1869 =item When to Still Use local()
1871 =item Pass by Reference
1875 =item Constant Functions
1877 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1881 =item Subroutine Attributes
1889 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1897 =item Perl Functions by Category
1899 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1900 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1901 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1902 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1903 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1904 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1905 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1906 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1907 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1908 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1913 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1915 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1916 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1917 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
1918 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
1919 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
1920 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
1921 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
1922 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
1923 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
1924 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
1925 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
1926 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
1927 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
1928 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
1929 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
1930 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
1931 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
1932 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
1933 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
1934 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
1935 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
1936 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
1937 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
1938 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1939 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
1940 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
1941 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
1942 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1943 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
1944 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
1945 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
1946 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
1947 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
1948 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
1949 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
1950 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
1951 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
1952 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
1953 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1954 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1955 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1956 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1957 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1958 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
1959 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
1960 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
1961 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
1962 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
1963 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1964 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1965 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1966 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1967 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1968 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1969 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1970 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1971 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
1972 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
1973 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
1974 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
1975 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
1976 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
1977 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
1978 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen
1979 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1980 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1981 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
1982 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1983 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1984 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1985 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1986 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1987 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
1988 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
1989 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1990 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1996 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2002 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2008 =item Indirect Filehandles
2012 =item The Minus File
2014 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2020 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2024 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2028 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2032 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2034 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2036 =item Paths as Opens
2038 =item Single Argument Open
2040 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2044 =item Other I/O Issues
2048 =item Opening Non-File Files
2050 =item Opening Named Pipes
2052 =item Opening Sockets
2064 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2070 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2076 =item The Basic Principle
2080 =item Packing Numbers
2086 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2088 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2090 =item Floating point Numbers
2094 =item Exotic Templates
2106 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2110 =item Template Grouping
2112 =item Lengths and Widths
2116 =item String Lengths
2118 =item Dynamic Templates
2120 =item Counting Repetitions
2124 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2128 =item The Alignment Pit
2130 =item Alignment, Take 2
2132 =item Alignment, Take 3
2134 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2140 =item Funnies Section
2146 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2154 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2156 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2158 =item Command Paragraph
2160 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2161 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
2162 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
2163 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding
2166 =item Formatting Codes
2168 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2169 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2170 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2171 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
2172 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
2173 (zero-effect) formatting code
2177 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2179 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2189 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2196 =item Pod Definitions
2200 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2201 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2202 "=encoding encodingname"
2204 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2206 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2207 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2208 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2209 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2210 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2211 contains non-breaking spaces
2213 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2215 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2217 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2219 =item About =over...=back Regions
2221 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2229 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2239 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2241 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2243 =item Location of Perl
2245 =item Command Switches
2247 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
2248 [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>,
2249 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
2250 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
2251 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
2252 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
2253 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
2254 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
2260 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
2261 :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
2262 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
2263 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG,
2264 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS, PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN
2265 (specific to the VMS port)
2269 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2277 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2285 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2287 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2289 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2293 =item Backward Compatibility
2295 =item Category Hierarchy
2297 =item Fatal Warnings
2299 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2311 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2317 =item The Perl Debugger
2321 =item Debugger Commands
2323 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
2324 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
2325 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
2326 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
2327 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
2328 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
2329 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
2330 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
2331 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
2332 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
2335 =item Configurable Options
2337 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2338 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2339 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
2340 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
2341 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
2342 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
2345 =item Debugger input/output
2347 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
2350 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2352 =item Debugger Customization
2354 =item Readline Support
2356 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2358 =item The Perl Profiler
2362 =item Debugging regular expressions
2364 =item Debugging memory usage
2372 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2380 =item Predefined Names
2382 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
2383 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
2384 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
2385 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
2386 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
2387 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
2388 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2389 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#,
2390 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
2391 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
2392 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
2393 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
2394 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
2395 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
2396 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
2397 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
2398 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
2399 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2400 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
2401 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
2402 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
2403 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
2404 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
2405 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
2406 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
2407 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
2408 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
2409 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
2410 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
2411 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
2414 =item Error Indicators
2416 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2424 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2434 =item Regular Expressions
2436 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
2438 =item Extended Patterns
2440 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
2441 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
2442 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
2443 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
2447 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2449 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
2451 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
2453 =item Combining pieces together
2455 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2456 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2457 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
2458 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2460 =item Creating custom RE engines
2470 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
2482 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
2484 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
2490 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
2508 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2518 =item Making References
2520 =item Using References
2522 =item Symbolic references
2524 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2526 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2528 =item Function Templates
2538 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2546 =item Format Variables
2556 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2564 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2572 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2574 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2576 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2578 =item Method Invocation
2580 =item Indirect Object Syntax
2582 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2584 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2590 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2598 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2610 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
2615 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2616 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
2617 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
2618 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
2623 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2624 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2625 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
2627 =item Tying FileHandles
2629 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2630 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
2635 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2647 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2655 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2656 B<filter_fetch_value>
2662 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2664 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2674 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2675 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2685 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
2693 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
2695 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
2696 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
2700 =item Using open() for IPC
2706 =item Background Processes
2708 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2710 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2712 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2714 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2718 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2722 =item Internet Line Terminators
2724 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2726 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2730 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2734 =item A Simple Client
2736 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2738 =item A Webget Client
2740 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2744 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2746 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2748 =item UDP: Message Passing
2762 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
2772 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2774 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2775 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2776 files, directories and network sockets
2778 =item Resource limits
2780 =item Killing the parent process
2782 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2784 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2786 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2787 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2788 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2800 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
2808 =item Storing numbers
2810 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
2812 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
2814 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
2815 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
2816 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
2825 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
2833 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2835 =item Threaded Program Models
2847 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
2849 =item Thread-Safe Modules
2855 =item Basic Thread Support
2857 =item A Note about the Examples
2859 =item Creating Threads
2861 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2863 =item Ignoring A Thread
2867 =item Threads And Data
2871 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2873 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
2877 =item Synchronization and control
2881 =item Controlling access: lock()
2883 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2885 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2887 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2889 =item Basic semaphores
2891 =item Advanced Semaphores
2893 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
2895 =item Giving up control
2899 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2903 =item What Thread Am I In?
2907 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2909 =item What Threads Are Running?
2913 =item A Complete Example
2915 =item Different implementations of threads
2917 =item Performance considerations
2919 =item Process-scope Changes
2921 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
2929 =item Introductory Texts
2931 =item OS-Related References
2933 =item Other References
2937 =item Acknowledgements
2945 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2951 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2953 =item Threaded Program Models
2965 =item Native threads
2967 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2969 =item Threadsafe Modules
2975 =item Basic Thread Support
2977 =item Creating Threads
2979 =item Giving up control
2981 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2983 =item Errors In Threads
2985 =item Ignoring A Thread
2989 =item Threads And Data
2993 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2995 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2997 =item Controlling access: lock()
2999 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3001 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3005 =item Threads And Code
3009 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3011 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3013 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3015 =item Subroutine Locks
3019 =item Locking A Subroutine
3023 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3027 =item What Thread Am I In?
3031 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3033 =item What Threads Are Running?
3037 =item A Complete Example
3045 =item Introductory Texts
3047 =item OS-Related References
3049 =item Other References
3053 =item Acknowledgements
3061 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3067 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3076 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3078 =item Files and Filesystems
3080 =item System Interaction
3082 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3086 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3088 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3090 =item Standard Modules
3094 =item Character sets and character encoding
3096 =item Internationalisation
3098 =item System Resources
3108 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
3109 http://testers.cpan.org/
3117 =item DOS and Derivatives
3125 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3133 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3137 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3139 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
3140 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
3141 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
3142 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
3143 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
3144 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
3145 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
3146 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent,
3147 getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
3148 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
3149 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
3150 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
3151 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
3152 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
3153 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
3154 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
3155 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
3156 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
3157 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
3158 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
3159 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
3160 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
3161 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
3162 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
3163 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
3164 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
3170 v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
3171 v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
3172 v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
3173 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
3174 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
3175 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
3177 =item Supported Platforms
3181 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3185 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3192 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3198 =item The use locale pragma
3200 =item The setlocale function
3202 =item Finding locales
3204 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3206 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3208 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3210 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3212 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3214 =item The localeconv function
3216 =item I18N::Langinfo
3220 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3224 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3226 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3228 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3230 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3234 =item Other categories
3242 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3243 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3249 =item Backward compatibility
3251 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3253 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3255 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3257 =item Freely available locale definitions
3261 =item An imperfect standard
3265 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3271 =item Broken systems
3281 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3291 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3293 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3295 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3297 =item Creating Unicode
3299 =item Handling Unicode
3301 =item Legacy Encodings
3305 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3309 =item Advanced Topics
3313 =item Questions With Answers
3315 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3317 =item Further Resources
3321 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3325 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3327 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3331 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3339 =item Important Caveats
3341 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3342 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
3344 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3346 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3352 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3354 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3356 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3358 =item Unicode Encodings
3360 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3362 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3366 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3368 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3370 =item Using Unicode in XS
3378 =item Interaction with Locales
3380 =item Interaction with Extensions
3384 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3392 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
3398 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
3406 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
3410 =item 13 variant characters
3418 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
3420 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
3422 =item Unicode and UTF
3428 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
3430 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
3432 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
3446 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
3448 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
3450 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
3452 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
3460 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
3462 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
3464 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
3466 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
3470 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
3474 =item URL decoding and encoding
3476 =item uu encoding and decoding
3478 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
3480 =item Caesarian ciphers
3484 =item Hashing order and checksums
3488 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
3500 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
3520 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
3528 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
3530 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
3532 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
3536 =item Protecting Your Programs
3540 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
3548 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
3560 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
3566 =item Making your module threadsafe
3574 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
3578 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
3582 =item Pragmatic Modules
3584 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
3585 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
3586 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
3587 sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
3588 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
3590 =item Standard Modules
3592 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
3593 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
3594 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
3595 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
3596 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
3597 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
3598 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
3599 Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5,
3600 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte,
3601 Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config,
3602 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess,
3603 Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
3604 Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
3605 Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
3606 Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
3607 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
3608 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
3609 ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
3610 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
3611 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
3612 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
3613 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
3614 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
3615 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
3616 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
3617 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
3618 File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
3619 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
3620 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
3621 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
3622 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
3623 I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
3624 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
3625 IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
3626 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
3627 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
3628 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
3629 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
3630 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::Scalar, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
3631 Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
3632 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
3633 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
3634 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
3635 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
3636 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
3637 PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
3638 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
3639 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
3640 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
3641 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
3642 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
3643 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
3644 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
3645 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
3646 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
3647 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
3648 Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
3649 Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
3650 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
3651 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
3652 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
3653 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
3654 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
3655 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
3658 =item Extension Modules
3672 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
3673 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
3675 =item Central America
3681 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
3682 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
3683 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
3684 Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
3685 Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
3689 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
3690 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
3691 Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
3692 North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
3693 Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
3697 Australia, New Zealand, United States
3701 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
3707 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
3711 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
3713 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3715 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3723 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
3729 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
3733 =item Before you start
3741 =item Release considerations
3745 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
3749 =item Has it been done before?
3751 =item Do one thing and do it well
3753 =item What's in a name?
3757 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
3761 =item To OO or not to OO?
3763 =item Designing your API
3765 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
3766 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
3769 =item Strictness and warnings
3771 =item Backwards compatibility
3773 =item Error handling and messages
3777 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
3783 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
3785 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
3786 perl Build test, perl Build install
3790 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
3794 =item Version numbering
3796 =item Pre-requisites
3806 =item COMMON PITFALLS
3810 =item Reinventing the wheel
3812 =item Trying to do too much
3814 =item Inappropriate documentation
3820 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
3821 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
3828 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
3838 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
3839 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
3853 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
3863 =item What should I make into a module?
3865 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
3867 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
3869 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
3871 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
3872 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
3873 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
3875 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
3877 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
3878 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3888 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3898 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3899 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3900 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3901 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3905 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3907 =item Administration
3909 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3913 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3914 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3922 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3932 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3936 =item Using The Back Ends
3940 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3944 =item The Decompiling Back End
3946 =item The Lint Back End
3948 =item The Simple C Back End
3950 =item The Bytecode Back End
3952 =item The Optimized C Back End
3956 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3958 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3959 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3960 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3962 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3968 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3978 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3980 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3982 B<Decryption Filters>
3984 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3986 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3988 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3992 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
3994 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4004 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4014 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4015 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4019 =item Compiling your C program
4021 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4023 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4025 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4027 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4029 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4031 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4033 =item Execution of END blocks
4035 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4037 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4042 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4054 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4060 =item Debugger Internals
4064 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4068 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4070 =item Debugging regular expressions
4074 =item Compile-time output
4076 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4077 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4078 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4081 =item Types of nodes
4083 =item Run-time output
4087 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
4091 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
4093 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
4094 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
4097 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4099 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4101 =item B<-DL> details
4105 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4113 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4125 =item Version caveat
4127 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4139 =item What has gone on?
4141 =item Writing good test scripts
4145 =item What's new here?
4147 =item Input and Output Parameters
4149 =item The XSUBPP Program
4151 =item The TYPEMAP file
4153 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4157 =item What has happened here?
4159 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4161 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4163 =item More about XSUB arguments
4165 =item The Argument Stack
4167 =item Extending your Extension
4169 =item Documenting your Extension
4171 =item Installing your Extension
4175 =item New Things in this Example
4179 =item New Things in this Example
4181 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4183 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4185 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4187 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4203 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4215 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4217 =item The Argument Stack
4219 =item The RETVAL Variable
4221 =item The MODULE Keyword
4223 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4225 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4227 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4229 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4231 =item The CODE: Keyword
4233 =item The INIT: Keyword
4235 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4237 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4239 =item Default Parameter Values
4241 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4243 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4245 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4247 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4249 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4251 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4253 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4255 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4257 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4259 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4261 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4263 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4265 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4267 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4269 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4271 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4273 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4275 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4277 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4279 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4281 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4283 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4285 =item The CASE: Keyword
4287 =item The & Unary Operator
4289 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4291 =item Using XS With C++
4293 =item Interface Strategy
4295 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4299 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4301 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4313 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4323 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4325 =item File Operations
4327 =item File Input and Output
4329 =item File Positioning
4331 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4333 =item Character Class Tests
4335 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4337 =item Miscellaneous functions
4345 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4357 =item What is an "IV"?
4359 =item Working with SVs
4363 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4365 =item Working with AVs
4367 =item Working with HVs
4369 =item Hash API Extensions
4371 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
4375 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4377 =item Creating New Variables
4379 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4381 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4383 =item Stashes and Globs
4385 =item Double-Typed SVs
4387 =item Magic Variables
4389 =item Assigning Magic
4391 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4395 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4397 =item Localizing changes
4399 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4400 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4401 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4402 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4403 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4404 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4405 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4406 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4407 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4408 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4416 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4418 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4420 =item Memory Allocation
4424 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4428 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4438 =item Examining the tree
4440 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4442 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4444 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4446 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4448 =item Pluggable runops
4452 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4454 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4458 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4460 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4462 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4464 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4466 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4470 =item Internal Functions
4472 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4476 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4478 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4480 =item Source Documentation
4484 =item Unicode Support
4488 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4490 =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
4492 =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
4494 =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
4496 =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
4498 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4502 =item Custom Operators
4510 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4516 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4518 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4520 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4540 =item Determining the Context
4544 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4550 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4552 =item Passing Parameters
4554 =item Returning a Scalar
4556 =item Returning a list of values
4558 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4560 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4564 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4568 =item Using call_argv
4570 =item Using call_method
4574 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4576 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4578 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4579 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4582 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4584 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4596 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4602 =item "Gimme" Values
4604 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4606 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4608 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4609 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4610 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4612 =item Callback Functions
4614 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4615 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4617 =item Character classes
4619 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4621 =item Cloning an interpreter
4625 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4627 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4629 =item Embedding Functions
4631 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4632 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4634 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4636 packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
4638 =item Global Variables
4640 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4644 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4645 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4649 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4651 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4653 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4654 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4655 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4656 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4657 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4659 =item Magical Functions
4661 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4662 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4663 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4665 =item Memory Management
4667 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4668 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4670 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4672 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ,
4673 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking,
4674 sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnumify, vstringify
4676 =item Numeric functions
4678 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4681 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4683 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4685 =item Pad Data Structures
4689 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4691 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4692 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4693 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4694 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4695 XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF,
4700 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4702 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4704 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4705 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4706 SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off,
4707 SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
4708 SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
4709 SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx,
4710 SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
4711 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
4712 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
4713 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
4714 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
4715 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on,
4716 SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on,
4717 SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, SvVOK, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal,
4718 sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen,
4719 sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
4720 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg,
4721 sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
4722 sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from,
4723 sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow,
4724 sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8,
4725 sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4726 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4727 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4728 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
4729 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4730 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4731 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4732 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
4733 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
4734 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4735 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
4736 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4738 =item Unicode Support
4740 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4741 is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8,
4742 sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title,
4743 to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4744 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4747 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4749 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4750 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4752 =item Warning and Dieing
4762 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4769 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4773 =item Functions in file pad.h
4775 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4776 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
4777 PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
4778 PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR, PAD_SV,
4779 PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
4781 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4785 =item Global Variables
4787 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4798 =item Pad Data Structures
4800 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4801 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4802 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4803 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4805 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4809 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4811 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4819 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4829 =item History and Background
4831 =item Basic Structure
4833 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4835 =item Data Structures
4837 =item Functions and Attributes
4839 =item Per-instance Data
4841 =item Layers in action.
4843 =item Per-instance flag bits
4845 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4846 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4847 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4848 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4850 =item Methods in Detail
4852 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4853 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4854 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4855 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4860 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
4862 C implementations, Perl implementations
4866 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4868 =item Extension Layers
4870 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4878 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4886 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4887 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4888 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4889 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4890 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4891 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4892 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4893 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4894 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4895 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4896 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4900 =item Co-existence with stdio
4902 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4903 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4905 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4907 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4908 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4909 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4910 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4912 =item Other Functions
4914 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4915 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4921 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4927 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4928 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4929 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4930 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4931 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4932 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4933 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4937 =item Keeping in sync
4939 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4940 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4942 =item Why rsync the source tree
4944 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
4946 =item Why rsync the patches
4948 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4949 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4951 =item Perlbug administration
4953 =item Submitting patches
4955 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4956 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4958 =item Finding Your Way Around
4960 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4962 =item Elements of the interpreter
4964 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4966 =item Internal Variable Types
4972 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4974 =item Millions of Macros
4976 =item The .i Targets
4978 =item Poking at Perl
4980 =item Using a source-level debugger
4982 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4983 finish, 'enter', print
4985 =item gdb macro support
4987 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4991 =item Patching a core module
4993 =item Adding a new function to the core
4995 =item Writing a test
4997 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4998 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
4999 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5001 =item Special Make Test Targets
5003 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.valgrind check.valgrind
5004 utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third utest.third
5005 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8,
5008 =item Running tests by hand
5010 PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5014 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5018 =item Rational Software's Purify
5020 =item Purify on Unix
5022 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5026 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5030 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5032 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5036 =item Gprof Profiling
5038 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5040 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5042 =item Pixie Profiling
5044 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5047 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5051 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5059 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
5067 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
5073 =item To do during 5.6.x
5077 =item Support for I/O disciplines
5079 =item Autoload bytes.pm
5081 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
5083 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
5085 =item Overloadable regex assertions
5089 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
5091 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
5093 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
5095 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
5097 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
5099 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
5101 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
5103 =item Complete signal handling
5105 =item Out-of-source builds
5107 =item POSIX realtime support
5109 =item UNIX98 support
5113 =item Long double conversion
5117 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
5119 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
5121 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
5123 =item Security audit shipped utilities
5125 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
5127 =item Custom opcodes
5129 =item DLL Versioning
5131 =item Introduce @( and @)
5133 =item Floating point handling
5135 =item IV/UV preservation
5137 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
5139 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
5141 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
5143 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
5145 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
5147 =item Document Win32 choices
5149 =item Check new modules
5151 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
5155 =item To do at some point
5159 =item Remove regular expression recursion
5161 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
5163 =item bitfields in pack
5165 =item Cross compilation
5167 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
5169 =item Perl lexer in Perl
5171 =item Using POSIX calls internally
5173 =item -i rename file when changed
5175 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
5177 =item Support for rerunning debugger
5179 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
5181 =item my sub foo { }
5183 =item One-pass global destruction
5185 =item Rewrite regexp parser
5187 =item Cache recently used regexps
5189 =item Cross-compilation support
5191 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
5193 =item debugger pragma
5195 =item use less pragma
5197 =item switch structures
5199 =item Cache eval tree
5203 =item Shrink opcode tables
5205 =item Optimize away @_
5207 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
5211 =item Prototype method calls
5213 =item Return context prototype declarations
5217 =item Garbage collection
5221 =item Rewrite perldoc
5223 =item Install .3p manpages
5225 =item Unicode tutorial
5227 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
5229 =item Retargetable installation
5231 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
5233 =item Rename Win32 headers
5235 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5237 =item Update sprintf documentation
5239 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5241 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
5243 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
5245 =item Should overload be inheritable?
5249 =item Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via
5250 goto(LABEL) and friends
5258 =item ref() in list context
5260 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
5262 =item Compile to real threaded code
5264 =item Structured types
5266 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
5268 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
5272 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5276 =item foreach(reverse ...)
5278 =item Constant function cache
5280 =item Approximate regular expression matching
5288 =item Update guts documentation
5290 =item Add more tests
5292 =item Update auxiliary tools
5294 =item Create debugging macros
5296 =item truncate to the people
5298 =item Unicode in Filenames
5302 =item Unicode in %ENV
5304 =item Recently done things
5308 =item Alternative RE syntax module
5310 =item Safe signal handling
5316 =item setitimer and getimiter
5318 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5320 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5322 =item Explicit switch statements
5330 =item perlcc to produce executable
5332 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5334 =item Secure temporary file module
5336 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5338 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5340 =item Mmap for input
5342 =item Byte to/from UTF-8 and UTF-8 to/from local conversion
5344 =item Add sockatmark support
5346 =item Mailing list archives
5350 =item Integrate MacPerl
5352 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5354 =item Regular expression tutorial
5356 =item Debugging Tutorial
5358 =item Integrate new modules
5360 =item Integrate profiler
5362 =item Y2K error detection
5364 =item Regular expression debugger
5368 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5370 =item Cache precompiled modules
5374 =item Deprecated Wishes
5378 =item Loop control on do{}
5380 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5386 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5388 =item Named prototypes
5390 =item Built-in globbing
5392 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5394 =item Cached hash values
5396 =item Add compression modules
5398 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5400 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5402 =item Make XS easier to use
5404 =item Make embedding easier to use
5408 =item my $Package::variable
5410 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5412 =item "class"-based lexicals
5416 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5418 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5420 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5422 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5428 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5438 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5439 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5440 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5441 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5442 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5453 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5461 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5473 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5475 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5479 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5483 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5489 =item Incompatible Changes
5493 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
5497 =item Core Enhancements
5501 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5505 =item Modules and Pragmata
5507 =item Utility Changes
5509 =item New Documentation
5511 =item Performance Enhancements
5513 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5515 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5517 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5519 =item Changed Internals
5523 =item Known Problems
5525 =item Platform Specific Problems
5527 =item Reporting Bugs
5533 =head2 perl58delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5539 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5541 =item Incompatible Changes
5545 =item Binary Incompatibility
5547 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5549 =item AIX Dynaloading
5551 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
5553 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5555 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5557 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
5559 =item New Unicode Properties
5561 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5563 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5565 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
5571 =item Core Enhancements
5575 =item Unicode Overhaul
5577 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5581 =item Restricted Hashes
5585 =item Understanding of Numbers
5587 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5589 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5593 =item Modules and Pragmata
5597 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5599 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5603 =item Utility Changes
5605 =item New Documentation
5607 =item Performance Enhancements
5609 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5613 =item Generic Improvements
5615 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5619 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5623 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5627 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5629 =item Changed Internals
5631 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5635 =item Known Problems
5639 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5641 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5643 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5645 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5647 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5649 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5651 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5653 =item PDL failing some tests
5657 =item Self-tying Problems
5659 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5661 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5663 =item Timing problems
5665 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5667 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5671 =item Platform Specific Problems
5677 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5683 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5685 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
5687 =item DJGPP Failures
5689 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5691 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5693 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
5695 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5697 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5699 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5703 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
5705 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5707 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5713 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5715 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5717 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5729 =item XML::Parser not working
5733 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5735 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5739 =item Reporting Bugs
5747 =head2 perl581delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
5753 =item Incompatible Changes
5757 =item Hash Randomisation
5759 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5761 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5763 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5765 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5769 =item Core Enhancements
5773 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5775 =item Unsafe signals again available
5777 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5781 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5783 =item Deprecation Warnings
5785 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5789 =item Modules and Pragmata
5793 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5795 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5796 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5797 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5798 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5799 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5800 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5801 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5806 =item Utility Changes
5808 =item New Documentation
5810 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5814 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5818 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5822 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5826 =item Platform-specific fixes
5830 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5834 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5836 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5838 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5840 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5842 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5844 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5846 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5848 =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
5850 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5852 =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
5854 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5856 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5858 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5862 =item Changed Internals
5866 =item Known Problems
5870 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5872 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5878 =item Platform Specific Problems
5882 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5884 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
5886 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
5888 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
5890 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
5892 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
5894 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
5898 =item Future Directions
5900 =item Reporting Bugs
5906 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
5914 =item Reporting Bugs
5922 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5928 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5930 =item Incompatible Changes
5934 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5936 =item AIX Dynaloading
5938 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5940 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5946 =item Core Enhancements
5948 =item Modules and Pragmata
5952 =item New Modules and Distributions
5954 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5958 =item Utility Changes
5960 =item New Documentation
5962 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5966 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5968 =item Generic Improvements
5972 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5976 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5980 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5982 =item Source Code Enhancements
5986 =item MAGIC constants
5988 =item Better commented code
5990 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5998 =item Known Problems
6004 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
6006 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6008 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
6010 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
6012 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6014 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6018 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
6020 =item Failure of Thread tests
6030 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6032 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6034 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
6036 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6038 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6040 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
6044 =item Reporting Bugs
6052 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
6058 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6060 =item Incompatible Changes
6062 =item Core Enhancements
6066 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
6068 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6070 =item Signals Are Now Safe
6074 =item Modules and Pragmata
6080 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6084 =item Performance Enhancements
6086 =item Utility Changes
6088 =item New Documentation
6104 =item README.solaris
6108 =item Porting/repository.pod
6112 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6116 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6118 =item Generic Improvements
6120 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
6121 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
6122 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
6126 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6130 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6134 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6136 =item Changed Internals
6140 =item Known Problems
6144 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
6146 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6148 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6150 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6154 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6156 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
6158 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
6160 =item Failure of Thread tests
6162 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6164 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6166 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6168 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6172 =item Reporting Bugs
6180 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
6186 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6188 =item Incompatible Changes
6190 =item Core Enhancements
6192 =item Modules and Pragmata
6198 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6202 =item Utility Changes
6204 =item New Documentation
6206 =item Performance Enhancements
6208 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6212 =item Generic Improvements
6216 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6220 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6224 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6226 =item Changed Internals
6228 =item Known Problems
6232 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
6234 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
6236 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6238 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6240 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6242 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
6244 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6246 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
6248 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
6250 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6254 =item Reporting Bugs
6262 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
6268 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
6272 =item Security Issues
6274 =item Core bug fixes
6276 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6277 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6278 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6279 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6280 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6281 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6286 =item Configuration issues
6290 =item Bundled modules
6292 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6293 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6294 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6295 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6297 =item Platform-specific improvements
6299 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6303 =item Core Enhancements
6307 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6309 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6311 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6313 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6315 =item "our" declarations
6317 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6319 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6321 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6323 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6325 =item open() with more than two arguments
6327 =item 64-bit support
6329 =item Large file support
6335 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6337 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6339 =item File globbing implemented internally
6341 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6343 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6345 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6347 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6349 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6351 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6353 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6355 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6357 =item Comments in pack() templates
6359 =item Weak references
6361 =item Binary numbers supported
6363 =item Lvalue subroutines
6365 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6367 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6369 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6371 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6373 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6375 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6377 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6379 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6381 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6383 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6385 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6387 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6389 =item Improved diagnostics
6391 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6393 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6395 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6397 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6399 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6401 =item Improved security features
6403 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6405 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6407 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6409 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6411 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6413 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6415 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6419 =item Modules and Pragmata
6425 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6426 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6427 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6428 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6429 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6430 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6431 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6432 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6438 =item Utility Changes
6452 =item The Perl Debugger
6456 =item Improved Documentation
6458 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6459 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6460 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6461 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6463 =item Performance enhancements
6467 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6469 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6471 =item Faster subroutine calls
6473 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6477 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6481 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6483 =item New Configure flags
6485 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6491 =item -Duselargefiles
6493 =item installusrbinperl
6499 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6501 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6505 =item Platform specific changes
6509 =item Supported platforms
6513 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6521 =item Significant bug fixes
6525 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6527 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6529 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6531 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6533 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6535 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6537 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6539 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6541 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6543 =item Locale bugs fixed
6547 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6549 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6551 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6553 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6557 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6559 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6560 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6561 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6562 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6563 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6564 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6565 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6566 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6567 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6568 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6569 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6570 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6571 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6572 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6573 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6574 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6575 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6576 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6577 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6578 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6579 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6580 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6581 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6582 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6583 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6584 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6585 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6586 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6587 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6588 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6589 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6590 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6591 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6592 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6593 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6594 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6595 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6596 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6597 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6598 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6599 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6600 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6601 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6602 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6603 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6604 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6605 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6606 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6607 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6608 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6612 =item Incompatible Changes
6616 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6618 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6619 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6620 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6621 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6622 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6623 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6624 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6625 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6626 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6627 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6628 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6630 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6632 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6634 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6636 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6638 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6642 =item Known Problems
6646 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6648 =item Known test failures
6650 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6652 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6654 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6656 =item Experimental features
6658 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6659 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6660 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6664 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6666 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6667 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6668 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6669 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6671 =item Reporting Bugs
6679 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6685 =item Core Enhancements
6689 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6691 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6693 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6695 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6697 =item "our" declarations
6699 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6701 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6703 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6705 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6707 =item open() with more than two arguments
6709 =item 64-bit support
6711 =item Large file support
6717 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6719 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6721 =item File globbing implemented internally
6723 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6725 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6727 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6729 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6731 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6733 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6735 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6737 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6739 =item Comments in pack() templates
6741 =item Weak references
6743 =item Binary numbers supported
6745 =item Lvalue subroutines
6747 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6749 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6751 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6753 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6755 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6757 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6759 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6761 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6763 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6765 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6767 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6769 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6771 =item Improved diagnostics
6773 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6775 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6777 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6779 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6781 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6783 =item Improved security features
6785 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6787 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6789 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6791 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6793 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6795 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6797 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6801 =item Modules and Pragmata
6807 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6808 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6809 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6810 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6811 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6812 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6813 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6814 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6820 =item Utility Changes
6834 =item The Perl Debugger
6838 =item Improved Documentation
6840 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6841 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6842 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6843 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6845 =item Performance enhancements
6849 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6851 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6853 =item Faster subroutine calls
6855 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6859 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6863 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6865 =item New Configure flags
6867 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6873 =item -Duselargefiles
6875 =item installusrbinperl
6881 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6885 =item Platform specific changes
6889 =item Supported platforms
6893 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6901 =item Significant bug fixes
6905 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6907 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6909 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6911 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6913 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6915 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6917 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6919 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6921 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6923 =item Locale bugs fixed
6927 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6929 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6931 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6933 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6937 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6939 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6940 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6941 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6942 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6943 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6944 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6945 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6946 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6947 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6948 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6949 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6950 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6951 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6952 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6953 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6954 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6955 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6956 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6957 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6958 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6959 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6960 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6961 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6962 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6963 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6964 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6965 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6966 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6967 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6968 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6969 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6970 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6971 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6972 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6973 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6974 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6975 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6976 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6977 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6978 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6979 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6980 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6981 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6982 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6983 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6984 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6985 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6986 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6987 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6988 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6992 =item Incompatible Changes
6996 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6998 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6999 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7000 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7001 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7002 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7003 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7004 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7005 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7006 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7007 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7008 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7010 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7012 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7014 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7016 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7018 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7022 =item Known Problems
7026 =item Thread test failures
7028 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
7030 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
7032 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
7034 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
7037 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7039 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7041 =item Experimental features
7043 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7044 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7045 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7049 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7051 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7052 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7053 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7054 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7056 =item Reporting Bugs
7064 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
7070 =item About the new versioning system
7072 =item Incompatible Changes
7076 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
7078 =item Default installation structure has changed
7080 =item Perl Source Compatibility
7082 =item C Source Compatibility
7084 =item Binary Compatibility
7086 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
7088 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
7102 =item Regular Expressions
7104 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
7105 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
7106 improvements, Incompatible changes
7108 =item Improved malloc()
7110 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
7112 =item Reliable signals
7114 =item Reliable stack pointers
7116 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
7120 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
7122 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
7124 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
7126 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
7128 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
7130 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
7132 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
7134 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
7136 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
7138 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
7140 =item Better locale support
7142 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
7144 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
7146 =item Extended support for exception handling
7148 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
7150 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
7152 =item New C<INIT> keyword
7154 =item New C<lock> keyword
7156 =item New C<qr//> operator
7158 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
7160 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
7162 =item Tied handles support is better
7164 =item 4th argument to substr
7166 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
7168 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
7170 =item <> now reads in records
7174 =item Supported Platforms
7180 =item Changes in existing support
7184 =item Modules and Pragmata
7190 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
7191 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
7192 Thread, attrs, fields, re
7194 =item Changes in existing modules
7196 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
7197 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
7201 =item Utility Changes
7203 =item Documentation Changes
7205 =item New Diagnostics
7207 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
7208 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
7209 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
7210 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
7211 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
7212 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
7213 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
7214 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
7215 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
7216 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
7217 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
7218 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
7219 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
7220 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
7221 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
7222 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
7223 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
7225 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7227 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
7228 temporary file, regexp too big
7230 =item Configuration Changes
7240 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
7246 =item Supported Environments
7252 =item List assignment to %ENV works
7254 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
7256 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
7258 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
7260 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
7262 =item More precise warnings
7264 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
7266 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
7268 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
7270 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
7272 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7274 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7276 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7278 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7280 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7282 =item Changes to tainting checks
7284 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7285 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7287 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7289 =item Embedding improvements
7291 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7293 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7295 =item New and changed syntax
7299 =item New and changed builtin constants
7303 =item New and changed builtin variables
7307 =item New and changed builtin functions
7309 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7310 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7311 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7312 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7313 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7315 =item New builtin methods
7317 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7319 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7321 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7322 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7324 =item Malloc enhancements
7326 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7328 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7332 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7348 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7349 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7355 =item Required Updates
7357 =item Installation directories
7359 =item Module information summary
7373 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7377 =item Utility Changes
7383 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7387 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7391 =item C Language API Changes
7393 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7396 =item Documentation Changes
7398 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7399 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7401 =item New Diagnostics
7403 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7404 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7405 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7406 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7407 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7408 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7409 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7410 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7411 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7412 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7413 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7414 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7415 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7416 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7417 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7418 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7419 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7420 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7421 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7422 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7423 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7424 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7425 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7426 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7427 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7437 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
7445 =item The "Artistic License"
7453 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
7454 copying fee", "Freely Available"
7458 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
7464 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
7476 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7480 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
7482 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7494 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7504 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
7505 data structures between threads
7517 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
7518 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
7530 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7539 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
7540 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
7541 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
7545 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
7551 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
7552 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7554 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7560 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
7572 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
7576 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
7588 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
7592 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
7602 =item Built-in Attributes
7604 locked, method, lvalue
7606 =item Available Subroutines
7610 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
7612 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
7614 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
7622 =item Default exports
7624 =item Available exports
7626 =item Export tags defined
7636 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
7652 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
7668 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
7680 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
7684 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
7706 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
7718 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
7724 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
7728 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
7746 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
7770 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
7771 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
7772 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
7773 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
7774 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
7784 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
7798 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
7813 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
7822 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
7824 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
7828 =item Anonymous hashes
7832 =item Alias shortcut
7836 =item charnames::viacode(code)
7838 =item charnames::vianame(name)
7842 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
7848 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
7860 =item List constants
7862 =item Defining multiple constants at once
7864 =item Magic constants
7868 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
7878 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
7889 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
7891 =item The I<splain> Program
7905 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
7919 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
7929 =item subpragma access
7935 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
7949 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7960 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7970 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7981 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
7989 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7991 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7997 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8007 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8009 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8011 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8013 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8015 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8017 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8019 =item Overloadable Operations
8021 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8022 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8023 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8025 =item Inheritance and overloading
8027 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8028 is inherited by derived classes
8032 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8040 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8042 =item Copy Constructor
8048 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8050 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8051 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8052 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8055 =item Losing overloading
8057 =item Run-time Overloading
8059 =item Public functions
8061 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8063 =item Overloading constants
8065 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8067 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8069 =item Metaphor clash
8075 =item Two-face scalars
8077 =item Two-face references
8079 =item Symbolic calculator
8081 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8089 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8090 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8096 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8108 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8110 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8114 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8118 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8126 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8138 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8146 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8152 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8162 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
8173 =item Utility functions
8175 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
8176 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
8177 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
8187 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
8197 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
8207 =item What IS a version
8209 Numeric Versions, V-String Versions
8211 =item Numeric Versions
8213 =item V-String Versions
8215 =item Object Methods
8217 New Operator, Stringification, Numification, Comparison operators, Logical
8222 =item Types of Versions Objects
8224 Ordinary versions, alpha versions
8226 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
8238 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
8246 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
8250 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
8258 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
8259 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
8260 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
8261 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
8262 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
8266 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
8276 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
8278 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
8288 =item DBM Comparisons
8298 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
8308 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
8312 =item Typed lexicals
8314 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
8316 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
8318 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
8320 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
8328 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
8329 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
8330 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
8331 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
8332 be able to apply END handler>
8342 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
8352 =item Subroutine Stubs
8354 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8356 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8358 =item Package Lexicals
8360 =item Not Using AutoLoader
8362 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
8372 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
8380 $keep, $check, $modtime
8384 =item Multiple packages
8392 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
8402 =item Utility Functions
8406 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
8409 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
8410 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
8412 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
8414 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
8416 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
8418 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
8420 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
8422 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
8423 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
8427 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
8431 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
8435 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
8439 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
8453 =item B::PVMG Methods
8457 =item B::MAGIC Methods
8459 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
8461 =item B::PVLV Methods
8463 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
8467 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
8471 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
8472 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
8476 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
8477 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
8481 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
8485 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
8486 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
8490 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
8492 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
8496 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
8498 =item B::UNOP METHOD
8502 =item B::BINOP METHOD
8506 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
8510 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
8514 =item B::PMOP Methods
8516 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
8517 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
8519 =item B::SVOP METHOD
8523 =item B::PADOP METHOD
8527 =item B::PVOP METHOD
8531 =item B::LOOP Methods
8533 redoop, nextop, lastop
8535 =item B::COP Methods
8537 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
8545 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
8554 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
8560 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
8572 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8592 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8604 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
8614 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
8624 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
8625 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
8626 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
8637 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
8647 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
8648 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
8649 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
8661 =item Context of ".."
8665 =item Deprecated features
8673 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
8685 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
8686 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
8687 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
8689 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
8691 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
8692 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
8693 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
8694 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
8695 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
8696 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
8697 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
8698 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
8704 =item OP flags abbreviations
8706 =item OP class abbreviations
8710 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
8716 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
8728 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
8738 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
8739 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
8741 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
8751 =item ambient_pragmas
8753 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
8765 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
8777 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
8785 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
8787 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
8788 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
8789 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
8791 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
8801 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
8811 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8819 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
8831 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
8843 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
8845 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
8857 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
8867 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
8875 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
8889 =item Standard Exports
8891 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
8892 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
8893 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
8895 =item Optional Exports
8897 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
8898 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
8899 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
8901 =item :hireswallclock
8917 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
8921 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
8935 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
8947 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
8949 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
8951 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
8953 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
8955 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
8957 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
8959 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
8961 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
8963 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
8965 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
8967 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
8969 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
8971 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
8973 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
8975 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
8977 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8979 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8981 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8982 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8986 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8987 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8990 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8992 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8993 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8998 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9002 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9004 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9006 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9008 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9010 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9012 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9014 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9016 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9017 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9019 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9023 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9027 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9029 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9031 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9033 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9035 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9037 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9038 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9040 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9044 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9048 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9050 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9052 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9054 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9058 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9060 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9062 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9066 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9068 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
9070 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9074 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9078 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9082 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9086 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9090 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9092 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9094 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9098 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9100 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
9101 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
9103 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9109 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9110 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9112 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9114 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9115 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9118 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9124 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9128 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9130 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9131 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
9132 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
9133 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9134 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9135 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9137 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9139 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9144 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9146 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9148 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9149 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9151 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9153 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9157 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9158 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9159 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9160 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9161 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9162 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
9163 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
9164 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
9165 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
9166 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
9167 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
9168 ...and many many more..
9170 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
9178 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
9188 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9196 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
9205 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
9207 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
9211 =item Changing the default message
9215 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
9217 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
9225 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
9233 =item USING CGI::Cookie
9235 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
9239 =item Creating New Cookies
9241 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
9243 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
9245 =item Manipulating Cookies
9247 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
9251 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9259 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
9267 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
9269 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
9271 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
9273 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
9275 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
9277 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
9281 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9289 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
9299 =item Tags that won't be formatted
9301 =item Customizing the Indenting
9313 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
9321 =item USING CGI::Push
9323 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
9327 =item Heterogeneous Pages
9329 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
9333 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
9335 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9343 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
9353 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9361 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
9369 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9375 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
9387 =item Interactive Mode
9389 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
9390 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
9391 distribution, ls author, Signals
9399 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
9401 =item Programmer's interface
9403 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
9405 =item Methods in the other Classes
9407 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
9408 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
9409 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
9410 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
9411 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
9412 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
9413 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
9414 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
9415 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
9416 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
9417 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
9418 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
9419 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
9420 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
9421 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
9422 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
9423 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
9424 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
9425 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
9426 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
9427 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
9428 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
9429 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
9430 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
9431 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
9432 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
9440 =item Finding packages and VERSION
9444 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
9450 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
9451 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
9452 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
9453 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
9457 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
9459 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
9467 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
9469 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
9473 =item Three basic types of firewalls
9475 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
9477 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
9483 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
9495 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
9505 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
9518 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
9528 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
9536 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
9538 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
9548 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
9549 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
9550 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
9552 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
9560 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
9570 =item The C<struct()> function
9572 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
9574 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
9576 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
9577 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
9579 =item Initializing with C<new>
9585 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
9587 =item Author and Modification History
9591 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
9601 =item getcwd and friends
9603 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
9605 =item abs_path and friends
9607 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
9619 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
9631 =item Global Variables
9633 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
9634 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
9639 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
9640 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
9642 =item Client Callback Methods
9644 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
9645 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
9646 CLIENT->output(LIST)
9656 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
9664 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
9668 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
9670 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
9672 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
9674 =item Default Parameters
9676 =item In Memory Databases
9684 =item A Simple Example
9692 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
9694 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
9696 =item The get_dup() Method
9698 =item The find_dup() Method
9700 =item The del_dup() Method
9702 =item Matching Partial Keys
9710 =item The 'bval' Option
9712 =item A Simple Example
9714 =item Extra RECNO Methods
9716 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
9717 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
9720 =item Another Example
9724 =item THE API INTERFACE
9726 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9727 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9728 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9729 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9733 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9734 B<filter_fetch_value>
9740 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9742 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9746 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9750 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9752 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9754 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9756 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9758 =item The untie() Gotcha
9762 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9766 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9768 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9770 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9772 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9792 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9793 printing and C<eval>
9805 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9806 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9807 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9814 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9840 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9848 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9860 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
9882 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9892 =item Runtime debugging
9894 =item Memory footprint debugging
9902 =item A simple scalar string
9904 =item A simple scalar number
9906 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9908 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9910 =item A reference to an array
9912 =item A reference to a hash
9914 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9916 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9918 =item A reference to a subroutine
9932 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9942 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9950 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9954 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9955 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
9956 $ctx->add($data,...), $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest,
9957 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9965 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9975 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9979 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
9980 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9992 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
10004 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
10016 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
10017 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
10018 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
10023 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
10024 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
10030 =head2 Encode - character encodings
10038 =item Table of Contents
10050 =item PERL ENCODING API
10052 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
10053 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
10054 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
10059 =item Listing available encodings
10061 =item Defining Aliases
10065 =item Encoding via PerlIO
10067 =item Handling Malformed Data
10069 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
10070 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
10071 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
10072 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
10077 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
10081 =item Defining Encodings
10083 =item The UTF-8 flag
10085 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
10089 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
10091 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
10101 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
10115 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
10131 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
10145 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
10155 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
10163 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
10177 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
10191 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
10207 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
10215 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
10217 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
10223 =item by endianness
10225 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
10229 =item Surrogate Pairs
10235 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
10244 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
10249 =item Alias overloading
10257 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
10258 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
10260 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
10263 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
10266 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
10267 Implementation Base Class
10277 =item Methods you should implement
10279 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
10280 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
10282 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
10284 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
10286 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
10290 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
10294 =item Compiled Encodings
10300 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
10304 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
10315 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
10316 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
10317 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
10327 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
10328 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
10330 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
10333 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
10336 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
10337 and 'Q' header encoding
10353 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
10354 on Encode and PerlIO
10360 =item How does it work?
10362 =item Line Buffering
10366 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
10374 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
10375 supported by Encode
10383 =item Encoding Names
10387 =item Supported Encodings
10391 =item Built-in Encodings
10393 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
10395 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
10397 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
10398 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
10400 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
10402 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
10403 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
10404 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
10406 =item Miscellaneous encodings
10408 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
10412 =item Unsupported encodings
10414 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
10415 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
10416 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
10417 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
10419 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
10421 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
10425 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
10427 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
10433 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
10434 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
10441 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
10442 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
10446 =item Other Notable Sites
10448 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
10449 "Introduction to i18n"
10451 =item Offline sources
10453 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
10459 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
10474 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
10486 =item Predefined Methods
10488 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
10489 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
10490 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
10492 =item Example: base64 transcoder
10494 =item Operator Overloading
10502 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
10503 non-ascii or non-utf8
10513 =item Literal Conversions
10515 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
10519 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
10521 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
10525 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
10526 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
10528 =item The Filter Option
10532 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
10542 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
10544 =item tr/// with ranges
10546 Legend of characters above
10550 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
10552 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
10554 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
10562 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
10575 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
10590 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
10600 =item How to Export
10602 =item Selecting What To Export
10604 =item How to Import
10606 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
10610 =item Advanced features
10614 =item Specialised Import Lists
10616 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
10618 =item Module Version Checking
10620 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
10622 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
10624 =item Generating combined tags
10626 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
10632 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
10642 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
10663 mv source... destination
10665 cp source... destination
10683 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
10697 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
10699 B<perllocal_install>
10703 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
10713 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
10721 perl_stringify NAME
10725 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
10727 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
10731 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
10739 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
10742 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10744 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
10746 WriteMakefileSnippet
10748 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
10749 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10757 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
10769 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
10770 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
10780 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
10798 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
10810 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
10818 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
10830 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
10831 packlist(), version()
10839 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
10847 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
10848 dynamic extensions at load time
10854 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
10864 =item VMS implementation
10866 =item Win32 implementation
10874 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
10884 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
10892 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
10902 =item File::Spec wrappers
10910 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
10926 makemakerdflt_target
10944 metafile_addtomanifest_target
10948 =item Abstract methods
10950 oneliner, B<quote_literal>, B<escape_newlines>, max_exec_len,
10951 B<init_others>, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
10964 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10965 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10979 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10980 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10994 replace_manpage_separator (o)
10998 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
11008 =item Overridden methods
11016 B<replace_manpage_separator>
11026 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11027 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11049 init_platform, platform_constants
11055 special_targets (o)
11065 clean_subdirs_target
11069 realclean_subdirs_target
11077 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11078 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11090 init_platform (o), platform_constants
11098 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11099 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11117 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
11127 =item Overridden methods
11135 B<replace_manpage_separator>
11145 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11171 clean_subdirs_target
11233 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
11263 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
11307 post_initialize (o)
11321 realclean_subdirs_target
11323 replace_manpage_separator
11345 test_via_harness (override)
11347 test_via_script (override)
11371 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11372 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11382 =item Methods always loaded
11394 guess_name (override)
11398 find_perl (override)
11400 maybe_command (override)
11402 perl_script (override)
11404 replace_manpage_separator
11410 init_main (override)
11412 init_others (override)
11414 init_platform (override)
11418 init_VERSION (override)
11420 constants (override)
11426 const_cccmd (override)
11428 tool_sxubpp (override)
11430 tools_other (override)
11432 init_dist (override)
11442 dynamic_lib (override)
11444 dynamic_bs (override)
11446 static_lib (override)
11448 processPL (override)
11450 installbin (override)
11452 subdir_x (override)
11456 clean_subdirs_target
11458 realclean (override)
11460 zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
11462 dist_test (override)
11466 perldepend (override)
11468 makefile (override)
11470 find_tests (override)
11474 makeaperl (override)
11476 nicetext (override)
11478 prefixify (override)
11498 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11499 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11511 =item Overridden methods
11517 replace_manpage_separator
11527 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
11529 special_targets (o)
11551 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
11561 =item Overriden methods
11577 clean_subdirs_target
11579 realclean_subdirs_target
11589 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
11599 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
11609 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
11611 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
11619 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
11623 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
11625 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
11627 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
11629 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
11631 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
11632 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
11633 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
11634 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
11635 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
11636 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
11637 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
11638 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
11639 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
11640 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
11641 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
11642 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
11643 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
11644 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
11645 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
11646 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
11647 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
11648 VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
11650 =item Additional lowercase attributes
11652 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
11653 test, tool_autosplit
11655 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
11657 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
11659 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
11661 =item Hintsfile support
11663 =item Distribution Support
11665 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
11666 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
11667 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
11669 =item Module Meta-Data
11671 =item Disabling an extension
11673 =item Other Handy Functions
11681 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
11691 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
11700 =item Philosophy and History
11702 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What's
11703 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
11704 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
11706 =item Module Writing
11708 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
11709 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
11713 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
11714 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
11727 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
11741 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
11750 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version agnostic bytes.pm
11760 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform agnostic vmsish.pm
11770 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
11808 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
11812 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
11820 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
11821 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
11825 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
11833 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
11843 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
11852 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
11860 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
11872 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
11880 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
11890 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
11902 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
11912 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
11916 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
11924 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
11928 C<basename>, C<dirname>
11932 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
11946 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
11960 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
11970 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
11972 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
11984 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
11994 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
12006 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
12014 B<find>, B<finddepth>
12020 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
12021 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
12022 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
12024 =item The wanted function
12026 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
12027 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
12028 pathname to the file
12036 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
12044 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
12052 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
12053 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
12054 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
12058 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
12066 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
12080 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
12090 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
12091 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
12092 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
12100 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
12112 file_name_is_absolute
12116 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
12136 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
12154 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
12182 file_name_is_absolute
12204 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
12216 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
12249 file_name_is_absolute
12271 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
12287 =item Methods always loaded
12289 canonpath (override)
12307 case_tolerant (override)
12311 file_name_is_absolute (override)
12313 splitpath (override)
12315 splitdir (override)
12329 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
12355 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
12365 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
12401 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
12415 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
12425 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
12433 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
12445 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
12447 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
12459 =item Temporary files and NFS
12471 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
12487 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
12495 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
12505 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
12513 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
12519 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
12533 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
12535 =item All-in-one interface
12537 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
12539 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
12542 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
12544 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
12545 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
12546 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
12548 described in the previous section.
12550 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
12552 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
12564 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
12574 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
12578 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
12580 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
12588 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
12590 =item Example 2: Using the context
12592 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
12594 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
12598 =item Filter::Simple
12606 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
12614 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
12626 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
12642 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
12650 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
12652 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
12656 =item Simple options
12658 =item A little bit less simple options
12660 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
12662 =item Options with values
12664 =item Options with multiple values
12666 =item Options with hash values
12668 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
12670 =item Options with multiple names
12672 =item Case and abbreviations
12674 =item Summary of Option Specifications
12676 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
12681 =item Advanced Possibilities
12685 =item Object oriented interface
12687 =item Thread Safety
12689 =item Documentation and help texts
12691 =item Storing options in a hash
12695 =item The lonesome dash
12697 =item Argument callback
12701 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
12703 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
12704 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
12705 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
12706 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
12707 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
12708 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
12710 =item Exportable Methods
12712 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
12714 =item Return values and Errors
12720 =item Default destinations
12722 =item Alternative option starters
12724 =item Configuration variables
12728 =item Trouble Shooting
12732 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
12735 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
12737 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
12739 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
12745 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12749 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
12758 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
12762 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
12772 =item Restricted hashes
12774 lock_keys, unlock_keys
12780 lock_value, unlock_value
12782 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
12796 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
12807 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
12818 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
12820 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
12822 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12824 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12826 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
12828 the function super_languages($lang1)
12830 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
12832 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
12834 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
12836 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
12840 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
12842 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
12852 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
12860 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
12862 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
12864 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
12865 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
12866 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
12867 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
12868 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
12869 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
12870 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
12871 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
12872 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
12873 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
12874 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
12875 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
12876 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
12877 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
12878 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
12879 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
12880 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
12881 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
12882 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
12883 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
12884 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
12885 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
12886 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
12887 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
12888 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
12889 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
12890 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
12891 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
12892 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
12893 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
12894 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
12895 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
12896 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
12897 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
12898 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
12899 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
12900 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
12901 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
12902 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
12903 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
12904 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
12905 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
12906 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
12907 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
12908 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
12909 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
12910 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
12911 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
12912 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
12913 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
12914 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
12915 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
12916 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
12917 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
12918 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
12919 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
12920 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
12921 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
12922 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
12923 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
12924 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
12925 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
12926 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
12927 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
12928 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
12929 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
12930 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
12931 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
12932 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
12933 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
12934 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
12935 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
12936 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
12937 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
12938 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
12939 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
12940 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
12941 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
12942 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
12943 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
12944 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
12945 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
12946 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
12947 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
12948 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
12949 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
12950 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
12951 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
12952 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
12953 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
12954 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
12955 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
12956 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
12957 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
12958 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
12959 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
12960 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
12961 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
12962 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
12963 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
12964 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
12965 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
12966 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
12967 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
12968 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
12969 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
12970 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
12971 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
12972 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
12973 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
12974 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
12975 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
12976 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
12977 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
12978 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
12979 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
12980 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
12981 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
12982 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
12983 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
12984 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
12985 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
12986 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
12987 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
12988 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
12989 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
12994 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13000 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
13018 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13022 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
13034 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
13043 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
13044 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
13054 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
13064 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
13068 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
13076 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
13087 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
13091 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
13092 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
13093 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
13094 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
13106 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
13116 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
13120 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
13130 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
13140 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
13141 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
13151 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
13160 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
13161 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
13170 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
13181 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
13185 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
13186 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
13187 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
13197 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
13212 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
13213 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
13223 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
13224 AF_INET domain sockets
13240 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
13253 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
13254 AF_UNIX domain sockets
13268 hostpath(), peerpath()
13278 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
13292 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
13305 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
13323 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13333 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13334 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13345 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
13356 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13357 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13358 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13369 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
13370 general-utility list subroutines
13378 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13379 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13383 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13389 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
13390 general-utility scalar subroutines
13398 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
13399 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
13400 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
13410 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
13418 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13422 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
13430 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
13438 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
13440 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13442 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
13443 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
13445 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13447 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
13449 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
13455 =item rename_country
13463 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13467 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
13468 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
13469 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
13470 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
13478 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
13479 identification (ISO 4217)
13489 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13491 code2currency(), currency2code()
13493 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13495 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
13499 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13503 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
13504 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
13512 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
13521 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13523 code2language(), language2code()
13525 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13527 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
13531 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13535 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
13536 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
13544 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
13552 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
13558 =item Construction Methods
13560 =item The "maketext" Method
13562 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
13564 =item Utility Methods
13566 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
13567 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
13568 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
13569 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
13571 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
13575 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
13577 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
13579 =item BRACKET NOTATION
13581 =item AUTO LEXICONS
13583 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
13585 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
13589 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13595 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
13603 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
13607 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
13609 =item The Linguistic View
13611 =item Breaking gettext
13613 =item Replacing gettext
13615 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
13617 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
13619 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
13621 =item Buzzword: Concision
13623 =item The Devil in the Details
13625 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
13633 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
13641 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
13645 =item SPECIAL CODES
13649 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13651 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
13652 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
13654 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13656 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
13660 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13664 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
13665 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
13673 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
13681 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
13685 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
13693 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
13694 of quoted-printable strings
13702 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
13708 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
13718 =item Canonical notation
13722 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
13724 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
13728 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
13729 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
13737 =item Autocreating constants
13743 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
13751 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
13761 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
13793 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
13795 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
13797 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
13798 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
13800 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
13886 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
13896 =item Rounding mode R
13898 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
13899 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
13900 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
13913 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
13921 =item Autocreating constants
13927 =item Alternative math libraries
13933 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
13941 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
13947 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
13952 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
13953 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
13954 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
13964 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
13976 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
13980 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
13982 the same terms as Perl itself.
13990 =head2 Math::BigInt::Scalar - Pure Perl module to test Math::BigInt with
14001 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
14003 the same terms as Perl itself.
14011 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
14033 =item denominator()
14035 $d = $x->denominator();
14045 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
14053 =item is_positive()
14055 =item is_negative()
14075 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
14076 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer
14086 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
14099 =item STRINGIFICATION
14103 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
14109 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
14111 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
14119 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
14127 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
14133 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
14135 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
14139 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
14141 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
14145 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
14147 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
14149 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
14150 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
14154 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
14160 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
14170 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
14188 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
14190 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
14194 =item OTHER FACILITIES
14200 =item C<flush_cache>
14206 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
14208 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
14216 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14222 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
14231 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
14242 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
14254 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
14262 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
14270 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
14279 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
14288 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
14296 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
14304 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14310 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14314 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14318 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
14329 =item Enforcing redispatch
14331 =item Avoiding repetitions
14333 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
14335 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
14341 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
14347 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
14357 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
14360 =item CLASS METHODS
14362 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
14363 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
14364 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
14374 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
14384 requires_firewall HOST
14386 =item NetConfig VALUES
14388 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
14389 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
14390 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
14394 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
14403 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
14411 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
14423 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
14427 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
14428 site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
14429 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
14430 RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), alloc ( SIZE [,
14431 RECORD_SIZE] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]]
14432 ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [,
14433 REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
14434 mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash (
14435 [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [
14436 DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port (
14437 [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
14438 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
14439 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
14443 =item Methods for the adventurous
14449 =item THE dataconn CLASS
14451 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
14452 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
14454 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
14456 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
14458 =item REPORTING BUGS
14466 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
14474 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
14484 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
14488 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
14489 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
14490 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
14491 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
14492 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
14493 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
14494 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
14498 =item Extension methods
14500 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
14501 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
14502 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
14503 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
14512 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
14522 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
14532 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
14536 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
14537 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
14538 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
14539 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
14551 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
14563 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
14564 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
14565 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
14566 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
14567 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
14584 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
14596 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
14600 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
14601 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
14602 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
14603 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
14604 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
14605 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
14618 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
14626 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
14627 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
14635 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
14652 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
14660 =item Where to get this document
14662 =item How to contribute to this document
14666 =item Author and Copyright Information
14674 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
14678 =item What is libnet ?
14680 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
14682 =item What other modules do I need ?
14684 =item What machines support libnet ?
14686 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
14690 =item Using Net::FTP
14694 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
14696 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
14698 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
14700 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
14703 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
14705 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
14707 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
14709 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
14711 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
14713 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
14716 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
14718 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
14721 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
14724 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
14728 =item Using Net::SMTP
14732 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
14735 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
14737 =item The verify method always returns true ?
14741 =item Debugging scripts
14745 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
14749 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
14753 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
14770 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
14785 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
14802 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
14810 =item THE .netrc FILE
14812 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
14817 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
14821 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
14831 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
14839 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14845 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14849 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14853 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
14865 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
14867 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
14868 or optag, an operator set (opset)
14870 =item Opcode Functions
14872 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
14873 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
14874 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
14877 =item Manipulating Opsets
14879 =item TO DO (maybe)
14885 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
14887 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
14888 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
14889 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
14898 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
14907 a new namespace, an operator mask
14913 =item RECENT CHANGES
14915 =item Methods in class Safe
14917 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14918 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14919 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14920 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14922 =item Some Safety Issues
14924 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14932 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
14945 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
14959 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
14960 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
14961 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
14962 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
14963 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
14964 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
14965 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
14966 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
14967 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
14968 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
14969 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
14970 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
14971 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
14972 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
14973 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
14974 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
14975 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
14976 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
14977 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
14978 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
14979 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
14980 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
14981 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
14982 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
14983 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
14990 =item POSIX::SigAction
14992 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
14994 =item POSIX::SigSet
14996 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
14998 =item POSIX::Termios
15000 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
15001 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
15002 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
15003 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
15004 values, c_oflag field values
15008 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
15012 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
15016 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
15070 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
15071 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
15075 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
15084 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop
15088 =item Custom Layers
15092 =item Alternatives to raw
15094 =item Defaults and how to override them
15096 =item Querying the layers of filehandles
15106 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
15118 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
15126 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
15130 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
15138 =item EXPECTED METHODS
15140 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
15141 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
15142 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
15143 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
15144 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
15145 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
15146 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
15147 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
15153 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
15159 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
15169 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
15175 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
15181 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
15187 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
15199 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
15200 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
15201 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
15202 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
15203 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
15204 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
15205 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
15206 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
15211 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
15212 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
15213 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
15214 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
15215 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
15216 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
15221 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
15222 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
15234 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
15236 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
15239 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
15241 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
15243 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
15245 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
15247 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
15249 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
15257 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
15269 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
15271 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
15278 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
15284 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
15286 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
15293 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
15305 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
15315 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
15316 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
15331 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
15344 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
15345 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
15351 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
15375 =item B<was_cutting()>
15381 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
15387 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
15393 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15399 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
15405 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15411 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
15417 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
15423 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15429 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15435 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
15441 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
15447 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15453 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15459 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
15465 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
15471 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15477 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
15483 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
15489 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15495 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15501 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
15507 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
15513 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
15519 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
15525 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
15531 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15537 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
15543 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15549 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
15561 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
15573 =item OBJECT METHODS
15581 =item Data Accessors
15597 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
15599 B<StartWithNewPage>
15613 =item Subclassed methods
15627 B<interior_sequence>
15643 =item Methods for headings
15651 =item Internal methods
15657 B<_replace_special_chars>
15659 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
15665 B<_clean_latex_commands>
15667 B<_split_delimited>
15683 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
15691 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
15696 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
15697 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
15698 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
15709 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15713 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
15725 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15729 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
15743 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
15751 $list-E<gt>indent()
15759 $list-E<gt>parent()
15765 =item Pod::Hyperlink
15767 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
15771 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
15773 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
15777 $link-E<gt>warning()
15779 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
15785 $link-E<gt>alttext()
15795 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
15801 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
15805 =item Pod::Cache::Item
15807 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
15811 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
15813 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
15815 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
15817 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
15819 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
15821 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
15823 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
15833 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
15845 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15847 =item PARSING OPTIONS
15849 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
15850 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
15856 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15864 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15870 =item B<verbatim()>
15872 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15878 =item B<textblock()>
15880 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15886 =item B<interior_sequence()>
15892 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15904 =item B<initialize()>
15910 =item B<begin_pod()>
15916 =item B<begin_input()>
15922 =item B<end_input()>
15934 =item B<preprocess_line()>
15940 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
15946 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
15952 =item B<parse_text()>
15954 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
15955 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
15956 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
15962 =item B<interpolate()>
15968 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
15974 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
15980 =item B<parse_from_file()>
15986 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
15992 =item B<errorsub()>
16004 =item B<parseopts()>
16010 =item B<output_file()>
16016 =item B<output_handle()>
16022 =item B<input_file()>
16028 =item B<input_handle()>
16034 =item B<input_streams()>
16040 =item B<top_stream()>
16046 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
16052 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
16058 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
16064 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
16072 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
16082 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
16088 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
16100 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
16106 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
16118 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
16124 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
16134 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
16140 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
16150 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
16156 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
16168 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
16174 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
16188 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
16198 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
16204 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
16212 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
16216 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
16217 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
16229 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
16249 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
16262 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
16264 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
16270 =item OBJECT METHODS
16276 =item B<curr_headings()>
16288 =item B<add_selection()>
16294 =item B<clear_selections()>
16300 =item B<match_section()>
16306 =item B<is_selected()>
16312 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
16318 =item B<podselect()>
16320 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
16326 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
16332 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
16338 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
16344 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
16356 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
16364 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
16368 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
16369 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
16370 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
16381 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16385 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
16399 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16403 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
16418 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16422 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
16437 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16441 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
16450 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
16459 =item Recommended Use
16467 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
16471 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
16479 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16485 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16489 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16493 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
16503 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
16513 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
16523 =item The __DATA__ token
16525 =item SelfLoader autoloading
16527 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
16529 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
16531 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
16533 =item Classes and inherited methods.
16537 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
16541 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
16551 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
16559 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
16560 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
16568 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
16569 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
16570 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
16571 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
16572 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
16576 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
16586 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
16590 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
16592 =item CODE REFERENCES
16594 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
16596 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
16598 =item ERROR REPORTING
16606 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
16611 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
16612 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
16620 =item Storable magic
16630 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
16642 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
16656 =item Allowing fall-through
16658 =item Automating fall-through
16660 =item Alternative syntax
16662 =item Higher-order Operations
16678 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
16690 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
16702 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
16703 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16711 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16712 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
16713 in 5.004_02), closelog
16723 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
16733 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
16734 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
16735 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
16739 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
16749 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16753 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
16769 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
16771 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16773 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16775 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
16783 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16791 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
16799 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
16809 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
16810 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
16818 =item Minimal set of supported functions
16820 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
16821 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
16823 =item Additional supported functions
16825 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
16835 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
16843 =item QUICK START GUIDE
16849 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
16850 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
16860 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
16866 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
16870 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16880 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
16900 =item Setting up tests
16918 =item Running tests
16924 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
16926 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
16952 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
16964 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
16968 =item Test Status and Info
17002 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
17012 =item The test script output
17014 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
17015 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
17020 =item Configuration variables.
17022 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
17026 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
17053 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
17054 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
17055 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
17056 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
17060 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
17061 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
17062 C<HARNESS_OK_SLOW>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
17078 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
17104 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
17114 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
17152 =item C<analyze_fh>
17158 =item C<analyze_file>
17170 =item C<_INC2PERL5LIB>
17176 =item C<_filtered_INC>
17182 =item C<_restore_PERL5LIB>
17192 =item C<_is_comment>
17200 =item C<_is_header>
17212 =item C<_is_bail_out>
17218 =item C<_reset_file_state>
17228 =item C<_detailize>
17244 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
17254 =item I love it when a plan comes together
17264 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
17304 =item Conditional tests
17310 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
17312 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
17316 =item Comparison functions
17330 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
17340 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
17342 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
17355 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
17379 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
17388 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
17396 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
17398 =item Where to start?
17402 =item Test the manual
17404 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
17406 =item Testing lots of values
17408 =item Informative names
17410 =item Skipping tests
17414 =item Testing with taint mode.
17426 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
17438 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
17448 =item General behaviour in list contexts
17452 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
17454 =item A note about prefixes
17456 =item C<extract_delimited>
17458 =item C<extract_bracketed>
17460 =item C<extract_variable>
17464 =item C<extract_tagged>
17466 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
17467 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
17469 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
17471 =item C<extract_quotelike>
17473 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
17475 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
17477 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
17479 =item C<extract_codeblock>
17481 =item C<extract_multiple>
17483 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
17489 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
17490 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
17491 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
17492 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
17493 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
17494 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
17495 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
17496 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
17497 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
17498 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
17499 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
17500 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
17505 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
17511 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
17526 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
17543 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
17558 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
17574 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
17586 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
17587 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
17588 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
17592 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
17600 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
17608 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
17610 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
17616 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
17624 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
17626 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
17630 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
17645 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
17655 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
17663 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
17664 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
17665 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
17666 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
17674 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
17694 =item Option Format
17698 =item Public Methods
17706 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
17712 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
17714 =item Deferred Writing
17718 =item Autodeferring
17722 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
17728 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
17742 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
17751 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
17752 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
17753 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
17754 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
17756 =item MORE INFORMATION
17758 =item COMPATIBILITY
17762 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
17771 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
17772 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
17774 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
17776 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
17778 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
17780 =item MORE INFORMATION
17784 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
17792 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
17802 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
17820 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
17829 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
17831 =item MORE INFORMATION
17835 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
17847 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
17856 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
17857 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
17858 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer (
17859 $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer (
17870 =item negative time not invented yet
17872 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
17880 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17884 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
17892 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17902 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
17917 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
17932 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
17944 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
17952 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
17953 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
17954 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
17960 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
17970 =item Constructor and Tailoring
17972 UCA_Version, alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level,
17973 normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table,
17974 undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
17976 =item Methods for Collation
17978 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
17979 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
17980 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
17981 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
17982 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
17983 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
17984 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
17986 =item Methods for Searching
17988 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
17989 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
17990 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
17991 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
17992 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
17993 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
17994 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
17996 =item Other Methods
17998 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, UCA_Version,
17999 Base_Unicode_Version
18005 =item Conformance Test
18013 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/,
18014 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
18015 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.html
18016 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.zip,
18017 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/, L<Unicode::Normalize>
18021 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
18031 =item Normalization Forms
18033 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
18034 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
18035 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
18037 =item Decomposition and Composition
18039 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
18040 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
18041 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
18045 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
18046 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
18047 check($form_name, $string)>
18049 =item Character Data
18051 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
18052 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
18053 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
18054 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
18055 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
18056 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
18057 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
18067 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
18068 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
18072 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
18114 =item Blocks versus Scripts
18116 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
18118 =item Code Point Arguments
18144 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
18150 =item Implementation Note
18162 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
18177 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
18188 =item System Specifics
18202 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
18210 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
18212 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
18213 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
18214 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
18215 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
18216 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [,
18217 CREATE]), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(),
18218 Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(),
18219 Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
18220 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
18221 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
18222 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
18223 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
18224 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
18225 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
18226 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
18227 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
18228 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
18229 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
18235 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
18237 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
18238 don't all have manual pages yet:
18272 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob