3 perlrepository - Using the Perl source repository
7 All of Perl's source code is kept centrally in a Git repository. The
8 repository contains many Perl revisions from Perl 1 onwards and all
9 the revisions from Perforce, the version control system we were using
10 previously. This repository is accessible in different ways.
12 The full repository takes up about 80MB of disk space. A check out of
13 blead takes up about 160MB of disk space (including the repository). A
14 build of blead takes up about 200MB (including the repository and the
17 =head1 GETTING ACCESS TO THE REPOSITORY
19 =head2 READ ACCESS VIA THE WEB
21 You may access this over the web. This allows you to browse the tree,
22 see recent commits, search for particular commits and more. You may
25 http://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git
27 =head2 READ ACCESS VIA GIT
29 You will need a copy of Git for your computer. You can fetch a copy of
30 the repository using the Git protocol (which uses port 9418):
32 git clone git://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git perl-git
34 This clones the repository and makes a local copy in the 'perl-git'
37 If your local network does not allow you to use port 9418, then you can
38 fetch a copy of the repository over HTTP (this is slower):
40 git clone http://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git perl-http
42 This clones the repository and makes a local copy in the 'perl-http'
45 =head2 WRITE ACCESS TO THE REPOSITORY
47 If you are a committer, then you can fetch a copy of the repository that
48 you can push back on with:
50 git clone ssh://perl5.git.perl.org/gitroot/perl.git perl-ssh
52 This clones the repository and makes a local copy in the 'perl-ssh'
55 If you clone using git, which is faster than ssh, then you will need to
56 modify your config in order to enable pushing. Edit .git/config where
57 you will see something like:
60 url = git://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git
62 change that to something like this:
65 url = ssh://perl5.git.perl.org/gitroot/perl.git
67 NOTE: there are symlinks set up so that the /gitroot is actually optional.
69 =head1 OVERVIEW OF THE REPOSITORY
71 Once you have changed into the repository directory, you can inspect it.
74 After a clone the repository will contain a single local branch, which
75 will be the current branch as well, as indicated by the asterix.
80 Using the -a switch to branch will show the remote tracking branches in the
89 The branches that begin with "origin" correspond to the "git remote" that
90 you cloned from. Each branch on the remote will be exactly tracked by theses
91 branches. You should NEVER do work on these remote tracking branches. You only
92 ever do work in a local branch. Local branches can be configured to automerge
93 (on pull) from a designated remote tracking branch. This is the case with the
94 default branch C<blead> which will be configured to merge from the remote
95 tracking branch C<origin/blead>.
97 You can see recent commits:
101 And pull new changes from the repository, and update your local repository
102 (must be clean first)
106 Assuming we are on the branch C<blead> immediately after a pull, this command
107 would be more or less equivalent to:
110 % git merge origin/blead
112 In fact if you want to update your local repository without touching your working
117 And if you want to update your remote tracking branches for all defined remotes
118 simultaneously you do
122 Neither of these last two commands will update your working directory, however
123 both will update the repository.
125 To switch to another branch:
127 % git checkout origin/maint-5.8-dor
129 To switch back to blead:
133 =head2 FINDING OUT YOUR STATUS
135 The most common git command you will use will probably be
139 This command will produce as output a description of the current state of the
140 repository, including modified files and unignored untracked files, and in addition
141 it will show things like what files have been staged for the next commit,
142 and usually some useful information about how to change things. For instance the
147 # Your branch is ahead of 'origin/blead' by 1 commit.
149 # Changes to be committed:
150 # (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
152 # modified: pod/perlrepository.pod
154 # Changed but not updated:
155 # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
157 # modified: pod/perlrepository.pod
160 # (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
162 # deliberate.untracked
164 This shows that there were changes to this document staged for commit, and
165 that there were further changes in the working directory not yet staged. It
166 also shows that there was an untracked file in the working directory, and as
167 you can see shows how to change all of this. It also shows that there
168 is one commit on the working branch C<blead> which has not been pushed to the
169 C<origin> remote yet. B<NOTE>: that this output is also what you see as a
170 template if you do not provide a message to c<git commit>.
172 Assuming we commit all the mentioned changes above:
174 % git commit -a -m'explain git status and stuff about remotes'
175 Created commit daf8e63: explain git status and stuff about remotes
176 1 files changed, 83 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
178 We can re-run git status and see something like this:
182 # Your branch is ahead of 'origin/blead' by 2 commits.
185 # (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
187 # deliberate.untracked
188 nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
191 When in doubt, before you do anything else, check your status and read it
192 carefully, many questions are answered directly by the git status output.
194 =head1 SUBMITTING A PATCH
196 If you have a patch in mind for Perl, you should first get a copy of
199 % git clone git://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git perl-git
201 Then change into the directory:
205 Alternatively, if you already have a Perl repository, you should
206 ensure that you're on the I<blead> branch, and your repository
212 Now that we have everything up to date, we need to create a temporary new
213 branch for these changes and switch into it:
215 % git checkout -b orange
217 which is the short form of
220 % git checkout orange
222 Then make your changes. For example, if Leon Brocard changes his name
223 to Orange Brocard, we should change his name in the AUTHORS file:
225 % perl -pi -e 's{Leon Brocard}{Orange Brocard}' AUTHORS
227 You can see what files are changed:
231 # Changes to be committed:
232 # (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
237 And you can see the changes:
240 diff --git a/AUTHORS b/AUTHORS
241 index 293dd70..722c93e 100644
244 @@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ Lars Hecking <lhecking@nmrc.ucc.ie>
245 Laszlo Molnar <laszlo.molnar@eth.ericsson.se>
246 Leif Huhn <leif@hale.dkstat.com>
247 Len Johnson <lenjay@ibm.net>
248 -Leon Brocard <acme@astray.com>
249 +Orange Brocard <acme@astray.com>
250 Les Peters <lpeters@aol.net>
251 Lesley Binks <lesley.binks@gmail.com>
252 Lincoln D. Stein <lstein@cshl.org>
254 Now commit your change locally:
257 % git commit -m 'Rename Leon Brocard to Orange Brocard'
258 Created commit 6196c1d: Rename Leon Brocard to Orange Brocard
259 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
261 Now you should create a patch file for all your local changes:
263 % git format-patch origin
264 0001-Rename-Leon-Brocard-to-Orange-Brocard.patch
266 You should now send an email to perl5-porters@perl.org with a
267 description of your changes, and attach this patch file as an
270 If you want to delete your temporary branch, you may do so with:
273 % git branch -d orange
274 error: The branch 'orange' is not an ancestor of your current HEAD.
275 If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D orange'.
276 % git branch -D orange
277 Deleted branch orange.
279 =head1 ACCEPTING A PATCH
281 If you have received a patch file generated using the above section,
282 you should try out the patch.
284 First we need to create a temporary new branch for these changes and
287 % git checkout -b experimental
289 Now we should apply the patch:
291 % git am 0001-Rename-Leon-Brocard-to-Orange-Brocard.patch
292 Applying Rename Leon Brocard to Orange Brocard
294 Now we can inspect the change:
297 commit b1b3dab48344cff6de4087efca3dbd63548ab5e2
298 Author: Leon Brocard <acme@astray.com>
299 Date: Fri Dec 19 17:02:59 2008 +0000
301 Rename Leon Brocard to Orange Brocard
305 diff --git a/AUTHORS b/AUTHORS
306 index 293dd70..722c93e 100644
309 @@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ Lars Hecking <lhecking@nmrc.ucc.ie>
310 Laszlo Molnar <laszlo.molnar@eth.ericsson.se>
311 Leif Huhn <leif@hale.dkstat.com>
312 Len Johnson <lenjay@ibm.net>
313 -Leon Brocard <acme@astray.com>
314 +Orange Brocard <acme@astray.com>
315 Les Peters <lpeters@aol.net>
316 Lesley Binks <lesley.binks@gmail.com>
317 Lincoln D. Stein <lstein@cshl.org>
319 If you are a committer to Perl and you think the patch is good, you can
320 then merge it into blead then push it out to the main repository:
323 % git pull . experimental
326 If you want to delete your temporary branch, you may do so with:
329 % git branch -d experimental
330 error: The branch 'experimental' is not an ancestor of your current HEAD.
331 If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D experimental'.
332 % git branch -D experimental
333 Deleted branch experimental.