2 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
8 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
10 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
11 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
12 files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
13 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
14 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
15 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
16 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
17 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
18 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
19 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
20 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
21 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
22 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
24 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
26 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
27 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
28 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
29 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
36 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
38 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
39 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
40 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
41 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
42 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
43 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
46 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
52 Select assertions in blocks of code
54 =item assertions::activate
58 =item assertions::compat
60 Assertions for pre-5.9 versions of perl
64 Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
68 Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
72 Postpone load of modules until a function is used
76 Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
80 Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
84 Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
88 Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
92 Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
96 Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
100 Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes
108 Produce verbose warning diagnostics
112 Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
114 =item encoding::warnings
116 Warn on implicit encoding conversions
120 Enable new syntactic features
124 Compile-time class fields
128 Control the filetest permission operators
132 C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
136 Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
140 Request less of something from the compiler
144 Manipulate @INC at compile time
148 Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
152 Set default PerlIO layers for input and output
156 Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
160 Package for overloading Perl operations
164 Alter regular expression behaviour
168 Enable simple signal handling
172 Control sort() behaviour
176 Restrict unsafe constructs
184 Perl interpreter-based threads
186 =item threads::shared
188 Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
192 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
196 Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
200 Perl extension for Version Objects
204 Control VMS-specific language features
208 Control optional warnings
210 =item warnings::register
212 Warnings import function
216 =head2 Standard Modules
218 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
219 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
220 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
222 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
223 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
224 don't have the gdbm library.
230 Provide framework for multiple DBMs
234 Module for manipulations of tar archives
236 =item Archive::Tar::File
238 A subclass for in-memory extracted file from Archive::Tar
240 =item Attribute::Handlers
242 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
246 Load subroutines only on demand
250 Split a package for autoloading
258 Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode
262 Assemble Perl bytecode
270 Perl compiler's bytecode backend
274 Perl compiler's C backend
278 Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
282 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
286 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
290 Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
292 =item B::Disassembler
294 Disassemble Perl bytecode
302 Show lexical variables used in functions or files
306 Helper module for CC backend
310 Show what stashes are loaded
314 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
318 Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
322 Benchmark running times of Perl code
326 Load byte compiled perl code
330 Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
334 Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
338 CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
342 Interface to Netscape Cookies
346 CGI Interface for Fast CGI
350 Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
354 Simple Interface to Server Push
358 Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
362 Internal utilities used by CGI module
366 Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
368 =item CPAN::FirstTime
370 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
374 Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
378 Utility functions to compare CPAN versions
382 Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
386 Heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
390 Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
394 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
396 =item Compress::Raw::Zlib
398 Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library
402 Interface to zlib compression library
406 Access Perl configuration information
410 Get pathname of current working directory
414 Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
418 Filter DBM keys/values
420 =item DBM_Filter::compress
422 Filter for DBM_Filter
424 =item DBM_Filter::encode
426 Filter for DBM_Filter
428 =item DBM_Filter::int32
430 Filter for DBM_Filter
432 =item DBM_Filter::null
434 Filter for DBM_Filter
436 =item DBM_Filter::utf8
438 Filter for DBM_Filter
442 Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
446 Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval>
454 A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
456 =item Devel::SelfStubber
458 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
462 Modules that calculate message digests
466 Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
470 Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512
478 Calculate digests of files
482 Supply object methods for directory handles
486 Provides screen dump of Perl data.
490 Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
498 Alias definitions to encodings
502 Single Byte Encodings
504 =item Encode::CJKConstants
506 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
510 China-based Chinese Encodings
514 Internally used by Encode::CN
518 Internally used by Encode
524 =item Encode::Encoder
526 Object Oriented Encoder
528 =item Encode::Encoding
530 Encode Implementation Base Class
534 Guesses encoding from data
540 =item Encode::JP::H2Z
542 Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
544 =item Encode::JP::JIS7
546 Internally used by Encode::JP
552 =item Encode::KR::2022_KR
554 Internally used by Encode::KR
556 =item Encode::MIME::Header
558 MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
562 A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
564 =item Encode::Supported
566 Encodings supported by Encode
574 Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
576 =item Encode::Unicode
578 Various Unicode Transformation Formats
580 =item Encode::Unicode::UTF7
586 Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
590 Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
594 System errno constants
598 Implements default import method for modules
600 =item Exporter::Heavy
604 =item ExtUtils::CBuilder
606 Compile and link C code for Perl modules
608 =item ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows
610 Builder class for Windows platforms
612 =item ExtUtils::Command
614 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
616 =item ExtUtils::Command::MM
618 Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
620 =item ExtUtils::Constant
622 Generate XS code to import C header constants
624 =item ExtUtils::Constant::Base
626 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
628 =item ExtUtils::Constant::Utils
630 Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
632 =item ExtUtils::Constant::XS
634 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
636 =item ExtUtils::Embed
638 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
640 =item ExtUtils::Install
642 Install files from here to there
644 =item ExtUtils::Installed
646 Inventory management of installed modules
648 =item ExtUtils::Liblist
650 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
654 OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
656 =item ExtUtils::MM_AIX
658 AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
660 =item ExtUtils::MM_Any
662 Platform-agnostic MM methods
664 =item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
666 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
668 =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
670 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
672 =item ExtUtils::MM_DOS
674 DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
676 =item ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
678 Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
680 =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
682 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
684 =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
686 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
688 =item ExtUtils::MM_QNX
690 QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
692 =item ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
694 U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
696 =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
698 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
700 =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
702 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
704 =item ExtUtils::MM_VOS
706 VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
708 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
710 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
712 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win95
714 Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
718 ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
720 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
722 Create a module Makefile
724 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config
726 Wrapper around Config.pm
728 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ
730 Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
732 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial
734 Writing a module with MakeMaker
736 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes
738 Version-agnostic bytes.pm
740 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish
742 Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
744 =item ExtUtils::Manifest
746 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
748 =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
750 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
752 =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
754 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
756 =item ExtUtils::Packlist
758 Manage .packlist files
760 =item ExtUtils::ParseXS
762 Converts Perl XS code into C code
764 =item ExtUtils::testlib
766 Add blib/* directories to @INC
770 Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
774 Load the C Fcntl.h defines
778 Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
780 =item File::CheckTree
782 Run many filetest checks on a tree
786 Compare files or filehandles
790 Copy files or filehandles
794 DOS like globbing and then some
798 Traverse a directory tree.
802 Perl extension for BSD glob routine
804 =item File::GlobMapper
806 Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
810 Create or remove directory trees
814 Portably perform operations on file names
816 =item File::Spec::Cygwin
818 Methods for Cygwin file specs
820 =item File::Spec::Epoc
822 Methods for Epoc file specs
824 =item File::Spec::Functions
826 Portably perform operations on file names
828 =item File::Spec::Mac
830 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
832 =item File::Spec::OS2
834 Methods for OS/2 file specs
836 =item File::Spec::Unix
838 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
840 =item File::Spec::VMS
842 Methods for VMS file specs
844 =item File::Spec::Win32
846 Methods for Win32 file specs
850 Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
854 By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
858 Keep more files open than the system permits
862 Supply object methods for filehandles
866 Simplified source filtering
868 =item Filter::Util::Call
870 Perl Source Filter Utility Module
874 Locate directory of original perl script
878 Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
882 Extended processing of command line options
886 Process single-character switches with switch clustering
890 A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
892 =item Hash::Util::FieldHash
894 Associate references with data
898 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
902 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
904 =item I18N::LangTags::Detect
906 Detect the user's language preferences
908 =item I18N::LangTags::List
910 Tags and names for human languages
914 Query locale information
918 Load various IO modules
920 =item IO::Compress::Base
922 Base Class for IO::Compress modules
924 =item IO::Compress::Deflate
926 Write RFC 1950 files/buffers
928 =item IO::Compress::Gzip
930 Write RFC 1952 files/buffers
932 =item IO::Compress::RawDeflate
934 Write RFC 1951 files/buffers
936 =item IO::Compress::Zip
938 Write zip files/buffers
942 Supply object methods for directory handles
946 Supply object methods for filehandles
950 Supply object methods for I/O handles
954 Supply object methods for pipes
958 Object interface to system poll call
962 Supply seek based methods for I/O objects
966 OO interface to the select system call
970 Object interface to socket communications
972 =item IO::Socket::INET
974 Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
976 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
978 Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
980 =item IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate
982 Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip) file/buffer
984 =item IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress
986 Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2 or lzop file/buffer
988 =item IO::Uncompress::Base
990 Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules
992 =item IO::Uncompress::Gunzip
994 Read RFC 1952 files/buffers
996 =item IO::Uncompress::Inflate
998 Read RFC 1950 files/buffers
1000 =item IO::Uncompress::RawInflate
1002 Read RFC 1951 files/buffers
1004 =item IO::Uncompress::Unzip
1006 Read zip files/buffers
1010 IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib>
1014 Open a process for both reading and writing
1018 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
1024 =item IPC::SysV::Msg
1026 SysV Msg IPC object class
1028 =item IPC::SysV::Semaphore
1030 SysV Semaphore IPC object class
1034 A selection of general-utility list subroutines
1036 =item Locale::Constants
1038 Constants for Locale codes
1040 =item Locale::Country
1042 ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
1044 =item Locale::Currency
1046 ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
1048 =item Locale::Language
1050 ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
1052 =item Locale::Maketext
1054 Framework for localization
1056 =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
1058 Article about software localization
1060 =item Locale::Script
1062 ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
1066 Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
1068 =item MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint
1070 Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
1072 =item Math::BigFloat
1074 Arbitrary size floating point math package
1078 Arbitrary size integer/float math package
1080 =item Math::BigInt::Calc
1082 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
1084 =item Math::BigInt::CalcEmu
1086 Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
1088 =item Math::BigInt::FastCalc
1090 Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more speed
1094 Arbitrary big rational numbers
1098 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
1102 Trigonometric functions
1106 Make functions faster by trading space for time
1108 =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
1110 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
1112 =item Memoize::Expire
1114 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
1116 =item Memoize::ExpireFile
1118 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
1120 =item Memoize::ExpireTest
1122 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
1124 =item Memoize::NDBM_File
1126 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
1128 =item Memoize::SDBM_File
1130 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
1132 =item Memoize::Storable
1134 Store Memoized data in Storable database
1138 Build and install Perl modules
1140 =item Module::Build::API
1142 API Reference for Module Authors
1144 =item Module::Build::Authoring
1146 Authoring Module::Build modules
1148 =item Module::Build::Base
1150 Default methods for Module::Build
1152 =item Module::Build::Compat
1154 Compatibility with ExtUtils::MakeMaker
1156 =item Module::Build::ConfigData
1158 Configuration for Module::Build
1160 =item Module::Build::Cookbook
1162 Examples of Module::Build Usage
1164 =item Module::Build::ModuleInfo
1166 Gather package and POD information from a perl module files
1168 =item Module::Build::Notes
1170 Configuration for $module_name
1172 =item Module::Build::PPMMaker
1174 Perl Package Manager file creation
1176 =item Module::Build::Platform::Amiga
1178 Builder class for Amiga platforms
1180 =item Module::Build::Platform::Default
1182 Stub class for unknown platforms
1184 =item Module::Build::Platform::EBCDIC
1186 Builder class for EBCDIC platforms
1188 =item Module::Build::Platform::MPEiX
1190 Builder class for MPEiX platforms
1192 =item Module::Build::Platform::MacOS
1194 Builder class for MacOS platforms
1196 =item Module::Build::Platform::RiscOS
1198 Builder class for RiscOS platforms
1200 =item Module::Build::Platform::Unix
1202 Builder class for Unix platforms
1204 =item Module::Build::Platform::VMS
1206 Builder class for VMS platforms
1208 =item Module::Build::Platform::VOS
1210 Builder class for VOS platforms
1212 =item Module::Build::Platform::Windows
1214 Builder class for Windows platforms
1216 =item Module::Build::Platform::aix
1218 Builder class for AIX platform
1220 =item Module::Build::Platform::cygwin
1222 Builder class for Cygwin platform
1224 =item Module::Build::Platform::darwin
1226 Builder class for Mac OS X platform
1228 =item Module::Build::Platform::os2
1230 Builder class for OS/2 platform
1232 =item Module::Build::YAML
1234 Provides just enough YAML support so that Module::Build works even if YAML.pm is not installed
1236 =item Module::CoreList
1238 What modules shipped with versions of perl
1242 Runtime require of both modules and files
1244 =item Module::Loaded
1246 Mark modules as loaded or unloaded
1250 Tied access to ndbm files
1254 Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redispatch
1258 Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
1262 Local configuration data for libnet
1266 Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
1278 OO interface to users netrc file
1282 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
1286 Check a remote host for reachability
1290 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
1294 Time and daytime network client interface
1298 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
1300 =item Net::libnetFAQ
1302 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
1306 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
1310 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
1314 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
1318 Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
1322 Tied access to odbm files
1326 Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
1330 Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
1332 =item Package::Constants
1334 List all constants declared in a package
1338 On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
1340 =item PerlIO::encoding
1344 =item PerlIO::scalar
1346 In-memory IO, scalar IO
1350 Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
1352 =item PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
1354 PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
1358 Check pod documents for syntax errors
1362 For resolving Pod EE<lt>...E<gt> sequences
1366 Find POD documents in directory trees
1368 =item Pod::Functions
1370 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
1374 Module to convert pod files to HTML
1376 =item Pod::InputObjects
1378 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
1382 Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
1386 Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
1388 =item Pod::ParseLink
1390 Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
1392 =item Pod::ParseUtils
1394 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
1398 Base class for creating POD filters and translators
1400 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
1402 Let Perldoc check Pod for errors
1404 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
1406 Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
1408 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
1410 Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
1412 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
1414 Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
1416 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
1418 Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
1420 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToText
1422 Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
1424 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
1426 Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
1428 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
1430 Let Perldoc render Pod as XML
1432 =item Pod::PlainText
1434 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1438 Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
1442 Extract selected sections of POD from input
1446 Framework for parsing Pod
1448 =item Pod::Simple::Checker
1450 Check the Pod syntax of a document
1452 =item Pod::Simple::Debug
1454 Put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode
1456 =item Pod::Simple::DumpAsText
1458 Dump Pod-parsing events as text
1460 =item Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML
1464 =item Pod::Simple::HTML
1468 =item Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch
1470 Convert several Pod files to several HTML files
1472 =item Pod::Simple::LinkSection
1474 Represent "section" attributes of L codes
1476 =item Pod::Simple::Methody
1478 Turn Pod::Simple events into method calls
1480 =item Pod::Simple::PullParser
1482 A pull-parser interface to parsing Pod
1484 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken
1486 End-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1488 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken
1490 Start-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1492 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken
1494 Text-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1496 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserToken
1498 Tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1500 =item Pod::Simple::RTF
1504 =item Pod::Simple::Search
1506 Find POD documents in directory trees
1508 =item Pod::Simple::SimpleTree
1510 Parse Pod into a simple parse tree
1512 =item Pod::Simple::Subclassing
1514 Write a formatter as a Pod::Simple subclass
1516 =item Pod::Simple::Text
1518 Format Pod as plaintext
1520 =item Pod::Simple::TextContent
1522 Get the text content of Pod
1524 =item Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream
1530 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1532 =item Pod::Text::Color
1534 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
1536 =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
1538 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
1540 =item Pod::Text::Termcap
1542 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
1546 Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
1550 Tied access to sdbm files
1554 Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
1558 A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
1562 Search for key in dictionary file
1566 Save and restore selected file handle
1570 Load functions only on demand
1574 Run shell commands transparently within perl
1578 Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
1582 Persistence for Perl data structures
1586 A switch statement for Perl
1590 Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
1594 Try every conceivable way to get hostname
1598 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
1600 =item Term::ANSIColor
1602 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
1606 Perl termcap interface
1608 =item Term::Complete
1610 Perl word completion module
1612 =item Term::ReadLine
1614 Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
1618 Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
1622 Backend for building test libraries
1624 =item Test::Builder::Module
1626 Base class for test modules
1628 =item Test::Builder::Tester
1630 Test testsuites that have been built with
1632 =item Test::Builder::Tester::Color
1634 Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester
1638 Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
1640 =item Test::Harness::Assert
1644 =item Test::Harness::Iterator
1646 Internal Test::Harness Iterator
1648 =item Test::Harness::Point
1650 Object for tracking a single test point
1652 =item Test::Harness::Straps
1654 Detailed analysis of test results
1656 =item Test::Harness::TAP
1658 Documentation for the TAP format
1660 =item Test::Harness::Util
1662 Utility functions for Test::Harness::*
1666 Yet another framework for writing test scripts
1670 Basic utilities for writing tests.
1672 =item Test::Tutorial
1674 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
1678 Create an abbreviation table from a list
1680 =item Text::Balanced
1682 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
1684 =item Text::ParseWords
1686 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
1690 Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
1694 Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
1698 Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
1702 Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
1708 =item Thread::Semaphore
1710 Thread-safe semaphores
1714 Base class for tied arrays
1718 Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
1722 Base class definitions for tied handles
1726 Base class definitions for tied hashes
1730 Add data to hash when needed
1734 Use references as hash keys
1738 Base class definitions for tied scalars
1740 =item Tie::SubstrHash
1742 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
1746 High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers
1750 Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
1754 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
1756 =item Time::localtime
1758 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
1762 Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
1766 Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
1768 =item Unicode::Collate
1770 Unicode Collation Algorithm
1772 =item Unicode::Normalize
1774 Unicode Normalization Forms
1778 Unicode character database
1782 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
1786 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
1794 Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
1798 Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
1802 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
1803 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
1804 just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
1805 double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
1807 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
1808 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
1809 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
1811 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
1812 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
1813 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
1814 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
1815 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
1816 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
1817 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
1818 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
1820 Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
1821 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
1822 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
1825 =head2 Extension Modules
1827 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
1828 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
1829 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
1830 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1832 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1833 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
1834 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
1835 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
1836 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
1837 like Alta Vista or Google.
1841 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1842 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1843 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1844 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
1845 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
1847 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1848 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1855 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1863 Operating System Interfaces
1867 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1871 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1883 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1887 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1891 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1895 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1899 Internationalization and Locale
1903 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1907 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1911 Server and Daemon Utilities
1915 Archiving and Compression
1919 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1923 Mail and Usenet News
1927 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1931 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1935 Miscellaneous Modules
1939 The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
1940 Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
1946 |-->[state/province]
1952 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
1953 European and the South American sites.
1955 You should try to choose one close to you.
1963 http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
1964 ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
1965 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
1966 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1967 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/
1977 http://cpan.linuxforum.net/
1978 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
1979 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
1980 ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN
1984 http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/
1985 http://cpan.cbn.net.id/
1986 ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN
1990 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
1991 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
1992 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1993 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1997 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
1998 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
1999 ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/
2000 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2002 ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/
2003 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
2004 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2008 http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my
2009 http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN
2010 http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN
2012 =item Russian Federation
2014 http://cpan.tomsk.ru
2015 ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/
2019 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
2023 http://CPAN.en.com.sg/
2024 ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/
2025 http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
2026 ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
2027 http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
2028 ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
2032 http://CPAN.bora.net/
2033 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
2034 http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN
2035 ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN
2039 ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
2040 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
2041 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
2042 http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
2043 ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
2044 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
2045 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
2046 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
2050 ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/
2051 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2055 =head2 Central America
2061 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
2062 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
2072 http://cpan.inode.at/
2074 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
2078 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
2079 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
2080 http://cpan.skynet.be
2081 ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
2082 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2084 =item Bosnia and Herzegovina
2086 http://cpan.blic.net/
2090 http://cpan.online.bg
2091 ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan
2092 http://cpan.zadnik.org
2093 ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/
2094 http://cpan.lirex.net/
2095 ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2099 http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
2100 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
2102 =item Czech Republic
2104 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
2105 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2109 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
2110 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
2111 http://cpan.cybercity.dk
2112 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
2113 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
2117 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2121 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2122 http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
2126 http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN
2127 http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
2128 ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
2129 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
2130 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
2131 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
2133 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
2134 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2135 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
2136 http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
2137 ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
2138 http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2139 ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2140 http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
2141 ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
2142 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
2143 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
2147 ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
2148 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
2149 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
2150 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
2151 http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
2152 ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
2153 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2154 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2155 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
2156 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
2157 http://cpan.noris.de/
2158 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
2159 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
2160 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
2164 ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl
2165 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2166 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
2170 http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/
2171 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
2175 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
2176 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
2180 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
2181 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
2182 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2183 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2184 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
2185 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
2189 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
2190 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
2191 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
2192 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
2193 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
2194 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/
2195 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
2196 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
2197 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
2198 http://cpan.flashnet.it/
2199 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
2203 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
2207 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
2211 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2212 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
2213 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2214 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
2215 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN
2216 ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/
2217 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
2218 http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
2219 ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
2220 http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
2221 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
2225 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2226 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
2230 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN
2231 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
2232 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2236 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
2237 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
2238 http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
2239 ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
2240 ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN
2241 http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2242 ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2244 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
2245 http://cpan.telepac.pt/
2246 ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/
2250 ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN
2251 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
2252 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
2253 ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/
2254 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
2255 ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2256 http://cpan.ambra.ro/
2257 ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN
2258 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
2259 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
2260 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
2264 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2265 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
2266 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2267 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
2268 ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/
2269 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
2270 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2274 ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
2278 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
2282 http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/
2283 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2284 ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN
2285 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
2289 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
2290 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
2291 http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN
2292 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
2293 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2297 http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
2298 ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2299 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
2300 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2304 http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/
2305 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN
2306 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
2312 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
2313 http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/
2314 ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/
2316 =item United Kingdom
2318 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2319 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2320 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
2321 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
2322 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
2323 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2324 http://cpan.etla.org/
2325 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
2326 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
2327 http://cpan.m.flirble.org/
2328 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2329 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
2330 http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/
2331 http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/
2332 ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/
2333 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
2337 =head2 North America
2347 http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
2348 ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
2352 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
2353 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
2357 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
2361 ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
2367 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
2368 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
2369 http://www.cpan.unam.mx/
2370 ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
2371 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
2372 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
2380 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
2381 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
2385 http://cpan.develooper.com/
2386 http://www.cpan.org/
2387 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
2388 http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2389 ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2390 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
2391 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
2392 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
2393 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
2394 http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
2395 ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
2396 http://cpan.digisle.net/
2397 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
2398 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
2399 http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN
2403 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2404 http://cpan.four10.com
2408 http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
2409 ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
2411 =item District of Columbia
2413 ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/
2417 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2418 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2419 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2420 http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/
2424 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2425 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
2426 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2427 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
2428 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
2429 http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
2430 ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
2431 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
2432 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
2436 http://cpan.uky.edu/
2437 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
2438 http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan
2439 ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN
2443 http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN
2444 ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN
2445 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2449 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
2450 http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
2451 ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
2455 http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
2456 ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
2460 http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
2461 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
2462 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
2463 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
2467 http://cpan.belfry.net/
2468 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2469 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2470 http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
2471 ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
2472 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
2473 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
2474 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
2476 =item North Carolina
2478 http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2479 ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2480 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
2481 ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2485 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
2489 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
2493 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
2494 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
2495 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
2496 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
2497 http://cpan.pair.com/
2498 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
2499 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2503 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
2507 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2508 http://www.binarycode.org/cpan
2509 ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN
2510 http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN
2514 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
2518 http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
2519 ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
2520 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
2521 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
2522 http://perl.secsup.org/
2523 ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
2524 http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/
2528 http://cpan.llarian.net/
2529 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
2530 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
2531 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
2532 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
2536 http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
2537 ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
2538 http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN
2539 ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN
2551 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
2552 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
2553 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
2554 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
2555 http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au
2559 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
2563 http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
2564 ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
2568 =head2 South America
2574 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
2575 http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
2576 ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
2580 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
2581 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
2582 http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
2583 ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
2587 http://cpan.netglobalis.net/
2588 ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/
2592 =head2 RSYNC Mirrors
2594 www.linux.org.ar::cpan
2595 theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
2596 ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
2597 rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
2598 ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
2600 rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN
2601 ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
2603 ftp.cbn.net.id::CPAN
2604 rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2605 ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
2606 gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
2607 ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
2608 ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
2609 mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN
2610 rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN
2611 mirror.averse.net::cpan
2612 rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
2613 ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN
2615 cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN
2616 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
2617 rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
2620 cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
2621 aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN
2622 archive.progeny.com::CPAN
2623 rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN
2624 mirror.aphix.com::CPAN
2625 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
2626 ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
2627 mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
2628 mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
2630 cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
2631 mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
2632 csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN
2634 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
2635 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
2637 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2639 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
2640 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
2642 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
2643 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
2644 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
2645 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
2646 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
2647 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
2649 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
2650 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
2651 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
2652 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
2653 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
2654 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
2655 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
2656 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
2657 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
2659 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
2665 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
2667 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
2668 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
2669 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
2670 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
2671 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
2672 with command line options.
2674 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
2675 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
2676 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
2677 scheme as the original author.
2681 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
2683 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
2684 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
2685 of code that need less warnings.
2687 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
2688 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
2693 return bless {}, $class;
2696 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
2697 or a virtual method.
2701 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
2702 return bless {}, $class;
2705 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
2706 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
2707 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
2708 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
2710 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
2711 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
2712 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
2713 class names as far as possible.
2715 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
2716 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
2718 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
2719 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
2720 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
2722 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
2724 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
2725 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
2726 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
2727 does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
2728 into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
2730 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
2731 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
2732 information in objects.
2736 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
2737 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
2738 of code that need less strictness.
2742 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
2748 Some simple style guidelines
2750 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
2752 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
2753 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
2754 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
2755 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
2757 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
2758 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
2759 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
2760 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
2762 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
2763 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
2764 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
2765 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
2767 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
2768 or nature of a variable. For example:
2770 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
2771 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
2772 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
2774 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
2775 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
2777 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
2778 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
2782 Select what to export.
2784 Do NOT export method names!
2786 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
2788 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
2789 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
2790 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
2792 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
2793 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
2794 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
2795 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
2797 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
2798 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
2799 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
2802 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
2803 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
2804 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
2808 Select a name for the module.
2810 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
2811 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
2812 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
2813 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
2814 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
2815 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
2816 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
2818 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
2819 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
2820 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
2821 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
2823 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
2824 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
2825 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
2826 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
2828 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
2829 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
2832 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
2833 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
2834 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
2835 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
2836 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
2838 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
2839 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
2840 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
2844 Have you got it right?
2846 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
2847 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
2848 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
2850 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
2851 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
2852 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
2854 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
2855 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
2856 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
2857 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
2859 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
2860 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
2861 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
2865 README and other Additional Files.
2867 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
2868 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
2869 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2870 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2876 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2880 A copyright notice - see below.
2884 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2888 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2896 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
2900 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2904 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2905 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2912 Adding a Copyright Notice.
2914 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2915 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2916 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2918 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
2919 and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
2920 or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
2921 just using the GNU GPL.
2923 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
2924 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2926 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2927 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2928 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2930 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
2931 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
2932 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
2936 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2938 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
2939 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
2940 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
2941 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
2942 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
2943 See L<Exporter> for details.
2945 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
2946 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
2947 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
2948 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2952 How to release and distribute a module.
2954 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
2955 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
2956 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
2959 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
2960 include details of its location in your announcement.
2962 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
2963 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
2964 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
2965 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
2966 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
2967 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
2968 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
2971 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
2973 Follow the instructions and links on:
2975 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
2976 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2978 or upload to one of these sites:
2980 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
2981 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
2983 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
2985 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
2986 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
2989 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
2993 Take care when changing a released module.
2995 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
2996 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
2997 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
3003 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3009 There is no requirement to convert anything.
3011 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
3012 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
3013 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
3014 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
3018 Consider the implications.
3020 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
3021 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
3022 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
3026 Make the most of the opportunity.
3028 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
3029 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
3030 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
3034 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
3036 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
3037 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
3043 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
3047 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
3051 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
3055 Several other minor changes
3059 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
3060 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
3061 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
3065 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3071 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
3075 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
3077 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
3082 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
3086 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
3090 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
3092 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
3093 the application could invoked as:
3095 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
3097 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
3103 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
3104 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
3105 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
3106 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
3107 because it has a shotgun.
3109 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
3110 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
3111 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
3112 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
3113 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
3114 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.