1 # Generated by perlmodlib.PL DO NOT EDIT!
5 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
9 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
11 Many modules are included the Perl distribution. These are described
12 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
13 file (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
14 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
15 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
16 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
17 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
18 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
19 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
20 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
21 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
22 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
23 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
25 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
27 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
28 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
29 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
30 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
37 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
39 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
40 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
41 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
42 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
43 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
44 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
47 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
53 Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
57 Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
61 Postpone load of modules until a function is used
65 Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
69 Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
73 Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
77 Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes.
85 Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
89 Pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into Unicode
93 Compile-time class fields
97 Control the filetest permission operators
101 Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
105 Request less of something from the compiler
109 Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
113 Set default disciplines for input and output
117 Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
121 Package for overloading perl operations
125 Alter regular expression behaviour
129 Enable simple signal handling
133 Control sort() behaviour
137 Restrict unsafe constructs
145 Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl
149 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
153 Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
157 Control VMS-specific language features
161 Control optional warnings
163 =item warnings::register
165 Warnings import function
169 =head2 Standard Modules
171 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
172 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
173 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
179 Provide framework for multiple DBMs
181 =item Attribute::Handlers
183 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
187 Load subroutines only on demand
191 Split a package for autoloading
199 Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode
203 Assemble Perl bytecode
211 Perl compiler's bytecode backend
215 Perl compiler's C backend
219 Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
223 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
227 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
231 Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
233 =item B::Disassembler
235 Disassemble Perl bytecode
243 Show lexical variables used in functions or files
247 Helper module for CC backend
251 Show what stashes are loaded
255 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
259 Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
263 Benchmark running times of Perl code
267 Load byte compiled perl code
271 Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
275 Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
279 CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
283 Interface to Netscape Cookies
287 CGI Interface for Fast CGI
291 Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
295 Simple Interface to Server Push
299 Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
303 Internal utilities used by CGI module
307 Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
309 =item CPAN::FirstTime
311 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
315 Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
319 Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
323 No user serviceable parts inside
327 Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
331 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
335 Get pathname of current working directory
339 Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
343 Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
345 =item Devel::SelfStubber
347 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
351 Modules that calculate message digests
355 Supply object methods for directory handles
359 Provides screen dump of Perl data.
365 =item Encode::EncodeFormat
367 The format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
375 Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
379 Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
383 Implements default import method for modules
385 =item Exporter::Heavy
389 =item ExtUtils::Command
391 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
393 =item ExtUtils::Constant
395 Generate XS code to import C header constants
397 =item ExtUtils::Embed
399 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
401 =item ExtUtils::Install
403 Install files from here to there
405 =item ExtUtils::Installed
407 Inventory management of installed modules
409 =item ExtUtils::Liblist
411 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
413 =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
415 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
417 =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
419 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
421 =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
423 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
425 =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
427 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
429 =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
431 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
433 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
435 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
437 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
439 Create an extension Makefile
441 =item ExtUtils::Manifest
443 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
445 =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
447 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
449 =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
451 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
453 =item ExtUtils::Packlist
455 Manage .packlist files
457 =item ExtUtils::testlib
459 Add blib/* directories to @INC
463 Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
467 Load the C Fcntl.h defines
471 Split a pathname into pieces
473 =item File::CheckTree
475 Run many filetest checks on a tree
479 Compare files or filehandles
483 Copy files or filehandles
487 DOS like globbing and then some
495 Create or remove directory trees
499 Portably perform operations on file names
501 =item File::Spec::Epoc
503 Methods for Epoc file specs
505 =item File::Spec::Functions
507 Portably perform operations on file names
509 =item File::Spec::Mac
511 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
513 =item File::Spec::OS2
515 Methods for OS/2 file specs
517 =item File::Spec::Unix
519 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
521 =item File::Spec::VMS
523 Methods for VMS file specs
525 =item File::Spec::Win32
527 Methods for Win32 file specs
531 Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
535 By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
539 Keep more files open than the system permits
543 Supply object methods for filehandles
547 Simplified source filtering
551 Locate directory of original perl script
555 Extended processing of command line options
559 Process single-character switches with switch clustering
563 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
567 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
569 =item I18N::LangTags::List
571 Tags and names for human languages
575 Load various IO modules
579 Open a process for both reading and writing
583 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
585 =item Locale::Constants
587 Constants for Locale codes
589 =item Locale::Country
591 ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
593 =item Locale::Currency
595 ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
597 =item Locale::Language
599 ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
601 =item Locale::Maketext
603 Framework for localization
605 =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
607 Article about software localization
611 Arbitrary size floating point math package
615 Arbitrary size integer math package
617 =item Math::BigInt::Calc
619 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
623 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
627 Trigonometric functions
631 Make your functions faster by trading space for time
633 =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
635 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
637 =item Memoize::Expire
639 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
641 =item Memoize::ExpireFile
643 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
645 =item Memoize::ExpireTest
647 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
649 =item Memoize::NDBM_File
651 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
653 =item Memoize::SDBM_File
655 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
659 Plug-in module to specify which return values should be memoized
661 =item Memoize::Storable
663 Store Memoized data in Storable database
667 Tied access to ndbm files
671 Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
675 Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
679 Local configuration data for libnet
683 Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
695 OO interface to users netrc file
699 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
703 Check a remote host for reachability
707 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
711 Time and daytime network client interface
715 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
719 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
723 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
727 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
731 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
735 Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
739 Tied access to odbm files
743 Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
747 Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
751 On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
755 Check pod documents for syntax errors
759 Find POD documents in directory trees
763 Module to convert pod files to HTML
765 =item Pod::InputObjects
767 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
771 Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
775 Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
779 Parse an L<> formatting code in POD text
781 =item Pod::ParseUtils
783 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
787 Base class for creating POD filters and translators
791 Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
795 Extract selected sections of POD from input
799 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
801 =item Pod::Text::Color
803 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
805 =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
807 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
809 =item Pod::Text::Termcap
811 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
815 Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
819 Test of various basic POD features in translators.
823 Tied access to sdbm files
827 Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
831 Search for key in dictionary file
835 Save and restore selected file handle
839 Load functions only on demand
843 Run shell commands transparently within perl
847 Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
851 Persistency for perl data structures
855 A switch statement for Perl
859 Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
861 =item Term::ANSIColor
863 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
867 Perl termcap interface
871 Perl word completion module
875 Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
879 Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
883 Backend for building test libraries
887 Run perl standard test scripts with statistics
891 Yet another framework for writing test scripts
895 Basic utilities for writing tests.
899 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
903 Create an abbreviation table from a list
907 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
909 =item Text::ParseWords
911 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
915 Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
919 Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
923 Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
927 Manipulate threads in Perl
931 Base class for tied arrays
935 Base class definitions for tied handles
939 Base class definitions for tied hashes
943 Use references as hash keys
947 Base class definitions for tied scalars
949 =item Tie::SubstrHash
951 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
955 Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
959 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
961 =item Time::localtime
963 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
967 Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
971 Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
973 =item Unicode::Collate
975 Use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
979 Unicode character database
983 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
987 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
991 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
995 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
996 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
999 % find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print
1001 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
1002 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
1003 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
1004 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
1005 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
1006 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
1007 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
1009 =head2 Extension Modules
1011 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
1012 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
1013 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
1014 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1016 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1017 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
1018 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
1019 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
1020 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
1021 like Alta Vista or Deja News.
1025 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1026 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1027 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1028 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
1029 CPAN can be found at http://cpan.perl.com/ and at
1030 http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_perl/cpan-search.pl .
1032 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1033 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1040 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1048 Operating System Interfaces
1052 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1056 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1068 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1072 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1076 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1080 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1084 Internationalization and Locale
1088 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1092 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1096 Server and Daemon Utilities
1100 Archiving and Compression
1104 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1108 Mail and Usenet News
1112 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1116 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1120 Miscellaneous Modules
1124 Registered CPAN sites as of this writing include the following.
1125 You should try to choose one close to you:
1135 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
1136 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1137 ftp://ftpza.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1138 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/
1150 ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1151 http://www2.linuxforum.net/mirror/CPAN/
1152 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
1153 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
1159 http://CPAN.pacific.net.hk/
1160 ftp://ftp.pacific.net.hk/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1166 http://piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
1167 ftp://mirrors.piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
1168 http://CPAN.mweb.co.id/
1169 ftp://ftp.mweb.co.id/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1175 http://www.iglu.org.il:/pub/CPAN/
1176 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
1177 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1178 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1184 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1185 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
1186 http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1187 ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1188 ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1189 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1190 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
1191 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1197 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
1203 http://cpan.hjc.edu.sg
1204 http://ftp.nus.edu.sg/unix/perl/CPAN/
1205 ftp://ftp.nus.edu.sg/pub/unix/perl/CPAN/
1211 http://CPAN.bora.net/
1212 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
1213 http://ftp.kornet.net/CPAN/
1214 ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
1215 ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/
1221 ftp://coda.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
1222 ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub/perl/CPAN/
1223 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
1229 http://download.nectec.or.th/CPAN/
1230 ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/languages/CPAN/
1231 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1235 =head2 Central America
1243 ftp://ftp.linux.co.cr/mirrors/CPAN/
1244 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
1245 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
1257 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1263 http://ftp.easynet.be/CPAN/
1264 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/CPAN/
1265 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1271 ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1277 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
1283 http://www.fi.muni.cz/pub/perl/
1284 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/perl/
1285 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1291 ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1292 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
1293 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1299 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1300 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1301 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
1302 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1303 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
1304 ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/
1305 http://mirror.uklinux.net/CPAN/
1306 ftp://mirror.uklinux.net/pub/CPAN/
1307 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
1313 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1319 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1325 ftp://cpan.ftp.worldonline.fr/pub/CPAN/
1326 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1327 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1328 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1329 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
1330 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
1331 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1337 ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
1338 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1339 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
1340 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
1341 ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/CPAN/
1342 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1343 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1344 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
1345 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/general/programming/languages/script/perl/CPAN/
1346 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
1347 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
1353 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1354 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1360 http://cpan.artifact.hu/
1361 ftp://cpan.artifact.hu/CPAN/
1362 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1369 ftp://ftp.gm.is/pub/CPAN/
1375 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
1376 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
1377 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1378 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1384 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
1385 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
1386 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
1387 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
1388 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
1389 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/
1390 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
1391 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
1392 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
1393 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
1399 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
1405 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1406 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
1407 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1408 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
1409 http://www.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1410 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1416 ftp://sunsite.uio.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1417 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
1423 ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1424 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.com/
1425 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
1426 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
1432 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
1433 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
1434 ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
1435 ftp://ftp.netc.pt/pub/CPAN/
1441 ftp://archive.logicnet.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1442 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1443 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
1444 ftp://ftp.opsynet.com/cpan/
1445 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
1446 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1452 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1453 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
1454 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1455 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
1456 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1462 ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1468 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
1474 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
1475 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
1481 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
1482 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
1483 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1489 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
1490 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
1496 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
1500 =head2 North America
1514 http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1515 ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1521 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1522 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1528 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
1534 ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/packages/lang/perl/CPAN/
1540 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
1541 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
1555 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1556 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1562 http://www.cpan.org/
1563 ftp://ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1564 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
1565 ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/
1566 http://www.kernel.org/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1567 ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1568 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
1569 http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1575 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1581 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1587 ftp://ftp.twoguys.org/CPAN/
1593 http://www.neurogames.com/mirrors/CPAN
1594 http://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1595 ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1601 ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1602 http://cpan.nitco.com/
1603 ftp://cpan.nitco.com/pub/CPAN/
1604 ftp://cpan.in-span.net/
1605 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1606 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1612 http://cpan.uky.edu/
1613 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
1619 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1620 ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/
1626 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
1632 ftp://ftp.freesoftware.com/pub/perl/CPAN/
1633 http://www.deao.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1634 ftp://ftp.deao.net/pub/CPAN/
1635 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1636 http://mirror.nyc.anidea.com/CPAN/
1637 ftp://mirror.nyc.anidea.com/pub/CPAN/
1638 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1639 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1640 ftp://mirrors.cloud9.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1646 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
1652 ftp://ftp.loaded.net/pub/CPAN/
1658 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
1664 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/packages/CPAN/
1670 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
1671 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
1672 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1678 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
1684 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1685 http://jhcloos.com/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1686 ftp://jhcloos.com/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1692 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
1698 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1699 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1700 ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1701 http://perl.Liquidation.com/CPAN/
1707 http://cpan.llarian.net/
1708 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
1709 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
1710 ftp://ftp.spu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1724 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1725 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1726 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
1727 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
1733 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
1737 =head2 South America
1745 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
1751 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
1752 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/
1753 ftp://cpan.if.usp.br/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1759 ftp://ftp.psinet.cl/pub/programming/perl/CPAN/
1760 ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/perl/
1764 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
1765 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
1767 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1769 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
1770 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
1772 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
1773 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
1774 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
1775 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
1776 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
1777 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
1779 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
1780 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
1781 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
1782 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
1783 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
1784 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
1785 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
1786 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
1787 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
1789 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
1795 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
1797 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
1798 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
1799 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
1800 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
1801 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
1802 with command line options.
1804 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
1805 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
1806 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
1807 scheme as the original author.
1811 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1813 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1814 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1815 of code that need less warnings.
1817 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1818 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1823 return bless {}, $class;
1826 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1827 or a virtual method.
1831 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1832 return bless {}, $class;
1835 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1836 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1837 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1838 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1840 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1841 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1842 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1843 class names as far as possible.
1845 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1846 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
1848 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1849 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1850 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1852 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1854 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1855 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1856 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1857 does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
1858 into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
1860 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1861 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1862 information in objects.
1866 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1867 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1868 of code that need less strictness.
1872 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
1878 Some simple style guidelines
1880 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1882 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1883 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
1884 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
1885 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
1887 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
1888 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
1889 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
1890 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
1892 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
1893 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
1894 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
1895 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
1897 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
1898 or nature of a variable. For example:
1900 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
1901 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
1902 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
1904 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
1905 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
1907 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
1908 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
1912 Select what to export.
1914 Do NOT export method names!
1916 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
1918 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
1919 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
1920 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
1922 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
1923 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
1924 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
1925 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
1927 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
1928 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
1929 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
1932 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
1933 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
1934 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
1938 Select a name for the module.
1940 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
1941 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
1942 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
1943 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
1944 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
1945 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
1946 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
1948 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
1949 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
1950 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
1951 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
1953 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
1954 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
1955 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
1956 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
1958 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
1959 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
1962 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
1963 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
1964 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
1965 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
1966 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
1968 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
1969 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
1970 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
1974 Have you got it right?
1976 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
1977 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
1978 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
1980 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
1981 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
1982 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
1984 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
1985 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
1986 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
1987 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
1989 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
1990 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
1991 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
1995 README and other Additional Files.
1997 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
1998 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
1999 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2000 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2006 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2010 A copyright notice - see below.
2014 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2018 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2026 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
2030 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2034 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2035 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2040 =item Adding a Copyright Notice.
2043 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2044 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2045 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2047 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU
2048 GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and
2049 Artistic). Larry has good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
2051 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
2052 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2054 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2055 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2056 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2058 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
2059 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
2060 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
2064 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2066 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
2067 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
2068 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
2069 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
2070 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
2071 See L<Exporter> for details.
2073 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
2074 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
2075 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
2076 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2080 How to release and distribute a module.
2082 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
2083 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
2084 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
2087 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
2088 include details of its location in your announcement.
2090 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
2091 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
2092 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
2093 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
2094 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
2095 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
2096 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
2099 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
2101 Follow the instructions and links on:
2103 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
2104 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2106 or upload to one of these sites:
2108 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
2109 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
2111 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
2113 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
2114 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
2117 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
2121 Take care when changing a released module.
2123 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
2124 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
2125 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
2131 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2137 There is no requirement to convert anything.
2139 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
2140 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
2141 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
2142 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
2146 Consider the implications.
2148 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
2149 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
2150 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
2154 Make the most of the opportunity.
2156 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2157 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2158 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2162 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2164 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2165 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2171 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2175 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2179 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2183 Several other minor changes
2187 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2188 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2189 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2193 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2199 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2203 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2205 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2210 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2214 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2218 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2220 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
2221 the application could invoked as:
2223 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2225 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2231 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
2232 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
2233 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
2234 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
2235 because it has a shotgun.
2237 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2238 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2239 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2240 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2241 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
2242 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.