1 # Generated by perlmodlib.PL DO NOT EDIT!
5 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
9 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
11 Many modules are included the Perl distribution. These are described
12 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
13 file (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
14 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
15 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
16 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
17 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
18 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
19 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
20 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
21 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
22 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
23 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
25 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
27 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
28 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
29 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
30 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
37 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
39 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
40 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
41 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
42 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
43 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
44 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
47 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
53 Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
57 Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
61 Postpone load of modules until a function is used
65 Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
69 Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
73 Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
77 Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escape.
85 Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
89 Compile-time class fields
93 Control the filetest permission operators
97 Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
101 Request less of something from the compiler
105 Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
109 Set default disciplines for input and output
113 Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
117 Package for overloading perl operations
121 Alter regular expression behaviour
125 Enable simple signal handling
129 Restrict unsafe constructs
135 =item unicode::distinct
137 Strictly distinguish UTF8 data and non-UTF data.
141 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
145 Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
149 Control optional warnings
151 =item warnings::register
153 Warnings import function
157 =head2 Standard Modules
159 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
160 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
161 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
167 Provide framework for multiple DBMs
171 Load subroutines only on demand
175 Split a package for autoloading
183 Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode
187 Assemble Perl bytecode
195 Perl compiler's bytecode backend
199 Perl compiler's C backend
203 Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
207 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
211 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
215 Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
217 =item B::Disassembler
219 Disassemble Perl bytecode
227 Show lexical variables used in functions or files
231 Helper module for CC backend
235 Show what stashes are loaded
239 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
243 Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
247 Benchmark running times of Perl code
251 Load byte compiled perl code
255 Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
259 Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
263 CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
267 Interface to Netscape Cookies
271 CGI Interface for Fast CGI
275 Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
279 Simple Interface to Server Push
283 Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
287 Internal utilities used by CGI module
291 Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
293 =item CPAN::FirstTime
295 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
299 Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
303 Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
307 No user serviceable parts inside
311 Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
315 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
319 Get pathname of current working directory
323 Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
327 Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
329 =item Devel::SelfStubber
331 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
335 Modules that calculate message digests
339 Supply object methods for directory handles
343 Provides screen dump of Perl data.
349 =item Encode::EncodeFormat
351 The format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
359 Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
363 Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
367 Implements default import method for modules
369 =item Exporter::Heavy
373 =item ExtUtils::Command
375 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
377 =item ExtUtils::Embed
379 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
381 =item ExtUtils::Install
383 Install files from here to there
385 =item ExtUtils::Installed
387 Inventory management of installed modules
389 =item ExtUtils::Liblist
391 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
393 =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
395 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
397 =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
399 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
401 =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
403 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
405 =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
407 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
409 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
411 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
413 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
415 Create an extension Makefile
417 =item ExtUtils::Manifest
419 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
421 =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
423 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
425 =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
427 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
429 =item ExtUtils::Packlist
431 Manage .packlist files
433 =item ExtUtils::testlib
435 Add blib/* directories to @INC
439 Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
443 Load the C Fcntl.h defines
447 Split a pathname into pieces
449 =item File::CheckTree
451 Run many filetest checks on a tree
455 Compare files or filehandles
459 Copy files or filehandles
463 DOS like globbing and then some
471 Create or remove directory trees
475 Portably perform operations on file names
477 =item File::Spec::Epoc
479 Methods for Epoc file specs
481 =item File::Spec::Functions
483 Portably perform operations on file names
485 =item File::Spec::Mac
489 =item File::Spec::OS2
491 Methods for OS/2 file specs
493 =item File::Spec::Unix
495 Methods used by File::Spec
497 =item File::Spec::VMS
499 Methods for VMS file specs
501 =item File::Spec::Win32
503 Methods for Win32 file specs
507 Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
511 By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
515 Keep more files open than the system permits
519 Supply object methods for filehandles
523 Simplified source filtering
527 Locate directory of original perl script
531 Extended processing of command line options
535 Process single-character switches with switch clustering
539 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
543 Load various IO modules
547 Open a process for both reading and writing
551 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
553 =item Locale::Constants
555 Constants for Locale codes
557 =item Locale::Country
559 ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
561 =item Locale::Currency
563 ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
565 =item Locale::Language
567 ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
571 Arbitrary length float math package
575 Arbitrary size integer math package
579 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
583 Trigonometric functions
587 Tied access to ndbm files
591 Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
595 Check a remote host for reachability
599 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
603 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
607 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
611 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
615 Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
619 Tied access to odbm files
623 Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
627 Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
631 On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
635 Check pod documents for syntax errors
639 Find POD documents in directory trees
643 Module to convert pod files to HTML
645 =item Pod::InputObjects
647 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
651 Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
655 Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
657 =item Pod::ParseUtils
659 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
663 Base class for creating POD filters and translators
667 Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
671 Extract selected sections of POD from input
675 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
677 =item Pod::Text::Color
679 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
681 =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
683 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
685 =item Pod::Text::Termcap
687 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
691 Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
695 Tied access to sdbm files
699 Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
703 Search for key in dictionary file
707 Save and restore selected file handle
711 Load functions only on demand
715 Run shell commands transparently within perl
719 Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
723 Persistency for perl data structures
727 A switch statement for Perl
731 Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
733 =item Term::ANSIColor
735 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
739 Perl termcap interface
743 Perl word completion module
747 Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
751 Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
755 Run perl standard test scripts with statistics
759 Create an abbreviation table from a list
763 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
765 =item Text::ParseWords
767 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
771 Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
775 Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
779 Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
783 Base class for tied arrays
787 Base class definitions for tied handles
791 Base class definitions for tied hashes
795 Use references as hash keys
799 Base class definitions for tied scalars
801 =item Tie::SubstrHash
803 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
807 Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
811 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
813 =item Time::localtime
815 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
819 Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
823 Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
827 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
831 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
835 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
839 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
840 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
843 % find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print
845 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
846 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
847 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
848 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
849 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
850 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
851 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
853 =head2 Extension Modules
855 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
856 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
857 but may also be be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
858 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
860 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
861 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
862 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
863 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
864 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
865 like Alta Vista or Deja News.
869 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
870 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
871 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
872 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
873 CPAN can be found at http://cpan.perl.com/ and at
874 http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_perl/cpan-search.pl .
876 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
877 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
884 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
892 Operating System Interfaces
896 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
900 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
912 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
916 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
920 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
924 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
928 Internationalization and Locale
932 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
936 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
940 Server and Daemon Utilities
944 Archiving and Compression
948 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
956 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
960 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
964 Miscellaneous Modules
968 Registered CPAN sites as of this writing include the following.
969 You should try to choose one close to you:
979 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
980 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
981 ftp://ftpza.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/
982 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/
994 ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
995 http://www2.linuxforum.net/mirror/CPAN/
996 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
997 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
1003 http://CPAN.pacific.net.hk/
1004 ftp://ftp.pacific.net.hk/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1010 http://piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
1011 ftp://mirrors.piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
1012 http://CPAN.mweb.co.id/
1013 ftp://ftp.mweb.co.id/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1019 http://www.iglu.org.il:/pub/CPAN/
1020 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
1021 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1022 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1028 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1029 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
1030 http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1031 ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1032 ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1033 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1034 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
1035 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1041 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
1047 http://cpan.hjc.edu.sg
1048 http://ftp.nus.edu.sg/unix/perl/CPAN/
1049 ftp://ftp.nus.edu.sg/pub/unix/perl/CPAN/
1055 http://CPAN.bora.net/
1056 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
1057 http://ftp.kornet.net/CPAN/
1058 ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
1059 ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/
1065 ftp://coda.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
1066 ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub/perl/CPAN/
1067 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
1073 http://download.nectec.or.th/CPAN/
1074 ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/languages/CPAN/
1075 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1079 =head2 Central America
1087 ftp://ftp.linux.co.cr/mirrors/CPAN/
1088 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
1089 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
1101 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1107 http://ftp.easynet.be/CPAN/
1108 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/CPAN/
1109 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1115 ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1121 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
1127 http://www.fi.muni.cz/pub/perl/
1128 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/perl/
1129 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1135 ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1136 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
1137 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1143 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1144 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1145 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
1146 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1147 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
1148 ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/
1149 http://mirror.uklinux.net/CPAN/
1150 ftp://mirror.uklinux.net/pub/CPAN/
1151 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
1157 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1163 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1169 ftp://cpan.ftp.worldonline.fr/pub/CPAN/
1170 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1171 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1172 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1173 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
1174 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
1175 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1181 ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
1182 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1183 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
1184 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
1185 ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/CPAN/
1186 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1187 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1188 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
1189 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/general/programming/languages/script/perl/CPAN/
1190 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
1191 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
1197 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1198 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1204 http://cpan.artifact.hu/
1205 ftp://cpan.artifact.hu/CPAN/
1206 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1213 ftp://ftp.gm.is/pub/CPAN/
1219 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
1220 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
1221 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1222 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1228 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
1229 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
1230 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
1231 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
1232 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
1233 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/
1234 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
1235 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
1236 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
1237 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
1243 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
1249 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1250 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
1251 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1252 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
1253 http://www.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1254 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1260 ftp://sunsite.uio.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1261 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
1267 ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1268 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.com/
1269 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
1270 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
1276 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
1277 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
1278 ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
1279 ftp://ftp.netc.pt/pub/CPAN/
1285 ftp://archive.logicnet.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1286 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1287 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
1288 ftp://ftp.opsynet.com/cpan/
1289 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
1290 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1296 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1297 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
1298 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1299 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
1300 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1306 ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1312 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
1318 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
1319 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
1325 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
1326 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
1327 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1333 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
1334 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
1340 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
1344 =head2 North America
1358 http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1359 ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1365 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1366 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1372 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
1378 ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/packages/lang/perl/CPAN/
1384 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
1385 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
1399 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1400 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1406 http://www.cpan.org/
1407 ftp://ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1408 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
1409 ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/
1410 http://www.kernel.org/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1411 ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1412 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
1413 http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1419 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1425 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1431 ftp://ftp.twoguys.org/CPAN/
1437 http://www.neurogames.com/mirrors/CPAN
1438 http://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1439 ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1445 ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1446 http://cpan.nitco.com/
1447 ftp://cpan.nitco.com/pub/CPAN/
1448 ftp://cpan.in-span.net/
1449 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1450 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1456 http://cpan.uky.edu/
1457 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
1463 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1464 ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/
1470 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
1476 ftp://ftp.freesoftware.com/pub/perl/CPAN/
1477 http://www.deao.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1478 ftp://ftp.deao.net/pub/CPAN/
1479 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1480 http://mirror.nyc.anidea.com/CPAN/
1481 ftp://mirror.nyc.anidea.com/pub/CPAN/
1482 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1483 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1484 ftp://mirrors.cloud9.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1490 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
1496 ftp://ftp.loaded.net/pub/CPAN/
1502 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
1508 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/packages/CPAN/
1514 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
1515 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
1516 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1522 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
1528 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1529 http://jhcloos.com/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1530 ftp://jhcloos.com/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1536 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
1542 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1543 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1544 ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1545 http://perl.Liquidation.com/CPAN/
1551 http://cpan.llarian.net/
1552 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
1553 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
1554 ftp://ftp.spu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1568 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1569 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1570 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
1571 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
1577 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
1581 =head2 South America
1589 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
1595 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
1596 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/
1597 ftp://cpan.if.usp.br/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1603 ftp://ftp.psinet.cl/pub/programming/perl/CPAN/
1604 ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/perl/
1608 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
1609 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
1611 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1613 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
1614 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
1616 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
1617 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
1618 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
1619 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
1620 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
1621 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
1623 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
1624 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
1625 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
1626 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
1627 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
1628 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
1629 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
1630 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
1631 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
1633 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
1639 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
1641 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
1642 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
1643 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
1644 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
1645 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
1646 with command line options.
1648 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
1649 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
1650 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
1651 scheme as the original author.
1655 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1657 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1658 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1659 of code that need less warnings.
1661 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1662 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1667 return bless {}, $class;
1670 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1671 or a virtual method.
1675 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1676 return bless {}, $class;
1679 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1680 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1681 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1682 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1684 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1685 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1686 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1687 class names as far as possible.
1689 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1690 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
1692 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1693 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1694 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1696 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1698 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1699 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1700 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1701 does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
1702 into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
1704 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1705 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1706 information in objects.
1710 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1711 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1712 of code that need less strictness.
1716 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
1722 Some simple style guidelines
1724 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1726 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1727 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
1728 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
1729 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
1731 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
1732 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
1733 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
1734 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
1736 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
1737 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
1738 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
1739 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
1741 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
1742 or nature of a variable. For example:
1744 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
1745 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
1746 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
1748 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
1749 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
1751 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
1752 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
1756 Select what to export.
1758 Do NOT export method names!
1760 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
1762 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
1763 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
1764 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
1766 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
1767 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
1768 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
1769 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
1771 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
1772 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
1773 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
1776 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
1777 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
1778 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
1782 Select a name for the module.
1784 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
1785 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
1786 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
1787 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
1788 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
1789 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
1790 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
1792 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
1793 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
1794 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
1795 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
1797 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
1798 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
1799 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
1800 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
1802 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
1803 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
1806 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
1807 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
1808 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
1809 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
1810 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
1812 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
1813 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
1814 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
1818 Have you got it right?
1820 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
1821 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
1822 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
1824 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
1825 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
1826 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
1828 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
1829 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
1830 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
1831 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
1833 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
1834 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
1835 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
1839 README and other Additional Files.
1841 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
1842 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
1843 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
1844 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
1850 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
1854 A copyright notice - see below.
1858 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
1862 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
1870 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
1874 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
1878 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
1879 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
1884 =item Adding a Copyright Notice.
1887 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
1888 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
1889 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
1891 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU
1892 GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and
1893 Artistic). Larry has good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
1895 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
1896 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
1898 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
1899 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
1900 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
1902 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
1903 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
1904 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
1908 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
1910 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
1911 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
1912 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
1913 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
1914 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
1915 See L<Exporter> for details.
1917 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
1918 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
1919 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
1920 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
1924 How to release and distribute a module.
1926 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
1927 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
1928 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
1931 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
1932 include details of its location in your announcement.
1934 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
1935 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
1936 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
1937 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
1938 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
1939 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
1940 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
1943 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
1945 Follow the instructions and links on:
1947 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
1948 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
1950 or upload to one of these sites:
1952 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
1953 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
1955 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
1957 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
1958 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
1961 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
1965 Take care when changing a released module.
1967 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
1968 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
1969 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
1975 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1981 There is no requirement to convert anything.
1983 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
1984 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
1985 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
1986 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
1990 Consider the implications.
1992 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
1993 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
1994 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
1998 Make the most of the opportunity.
2000 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2001 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2002 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2006 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2008 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2009 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2015 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2019 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2023 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2027 Several other minor changes
2031 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2032 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2033 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2037 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2043 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2047 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2049 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2054 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2058 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2062 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2064 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
2065 the application could invoked as:
2067 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2069 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2075 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
2076 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
2077 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
2078 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
2079 because it has a shotgun.
2081 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2082 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2083 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2084 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2085 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
2086 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.