2 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
8 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
10 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
11 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
12 files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
13 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
14 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
15 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
16 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
17 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
18 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
19 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
20 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
21 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
22 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
24 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
26 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
27 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
28 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
29 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
36 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
38 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
39 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
40 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
41 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
42 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
43 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
46 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
52 Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
56 Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
60 Postpone load of modules until a function is used
64 Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
68 Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
72 Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
76 Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
80 Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
84 Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
88 Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes
96 Produce verbose warning diagnostics
100 Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
102 =item encoding::warnings
104 Warn on implicit encoding conversions
108 Enable new syntactic features
112 Compile-time class fields
116 Control the filetest permission operators
120 C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
124 Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
128 Request less of something
132 Manipulate @INC at compile time
136 Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
140 Method Resolution Order
144 Set default PerlIO layers for input and output
148 Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
152 Package for overloading Perl operations
156 Alter regular expression behaviour
160 Enable simple signal handling
164 Control sort() behaviour
168 Restrict unsafe constructs
176 Perl interpreter-based threads
178 =item threads::shared
180 Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
184 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
188 Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
192 Perl extension for Version Objects
196 Control VMS-specific language features
200 Control optional warnings
202 =item warnings::register
204 Warnings import function
208 =head2 Standard Modules
210 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
211 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
212 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
214 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
215 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
216 don't have the gdbm library.
222 Provide framework for multiple DBMs
224 =item Archive::Extract
226 A generic archive extracting mechanism
230 Module for manipulations of tar archives
232 =item Archive::Tar::File
234 A subclass for in-memory extracted file from Archive::Tar
236 =item Attribute::Handlers
238 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
242 Load subroutines only on demand
246 Split a package for autoloading
254 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
258 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
262 Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
270 Show lexical variables used in functions or files
274 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
278 Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
282 Benchmark running times of Perl code
286 Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
290 Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
294 CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
298 Interface to Netscape Cookies
302 CGI Interface for Fast CGI
306 Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
310 Simple Interface to Server Push
314 Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
318 Internal utilities used by CGI module
322 Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
324 =item CPAN::FirstTime
326 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
330 Interface between CPAN.pm and Kwalify.pm
334 Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
338 Utility functions to compare CPAN versions
342 API & CLI access to the CPAN mirrors
344 =item CPANPLUS::Dist::Base
346 Base class for custom distribution classes
348 =item CPANPLUS::Dist::Sample
350 Sample code to create your own Dist::* plugin
352 =item CPANPLUS::Shell::Classic
354 CPAN.pm emulation for CPANPLUS
356 =item CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::HOWTO
358 Documentation on how to write your own plugins
362 Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
366 Heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
370 Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
374 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
376 =item Compress::Raw::Zlib
378 Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library
382 Interface to zlib compression library
386 Access Perl configuration information
390 Get pathname of current working directory
394 Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
398 Filter DBM keys/values
400 =item DBM_Filter::compress
402 Filter for DBM_Filter
404 =item DBM_Filter::encode
406 Filter for DBM_Filter
408 =item DBM_Filter::int32
410 Filter for DBM_Filter
412 =item DBM_Filter::null
414 Filter for DBM_Filter
416 =item DBM_Filter::utf8
418 Filter for DBM_Filter
422 Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
426 Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval>
432 =item Devel::InnerPackage
434 Find all the inner packages of a package
438 A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
440 =item Devel::SelfStubber
442 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
446 Modules that calculate message digests
450 Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
454 Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512
462 Calculate digests of files
466 Supply object methods for directory handles
470 Provides screen dump of Perl data.
474 Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
482 Alias definitions to encodings
486 Single Byte Encodings
488 =item Encode::CJKConstants
490 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
494 China-based Chinese Encodings
498 Internally used by Encode::CN
502 Internally used by Encode
508 =item Encode::Encoder
510 Object Oriented Encoder
512 =item Encode::Encoding
514 Encode Implementation Base Class
516 =item Encode::GSM0338
518 ESTI GSM 03.38 Encoding
522 Guesses encoding from data
528 =item Encode::JP::H2Z
530 Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
532 =item Encode::JP::JIS7
534 Internally used by Encode::JP
540 =item Encode::KR::2022_KR
542 Internally used by Encode::KR
544 =item Encode::MIME::Header
546 MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
548 =item Encode::MIME::Name
550 Internally used by Encode
554 A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
556 =item Encode::Supported
558 Encodings supported by Encode
566 Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
568 =item Encode::Unicode
570 Various Unicode Transformation Formats
572 =item Encode::Unicode::UTF7
578 Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
582 Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
586 System errno constants
590 Implements default import method for modules
592 =item Exporter::Heavy
596 =item ExtUtils::CBuilder
598 Compile and link C code for Perl modules
600 =item ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows
602 Builder class for Windows platforms
604 =item ExtUtils::Command
606 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
608 =item ExtUtils::Command::MM
610 Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
612 =item ExtUtils::Constant
614 Generate XS code to import C header constants
616 =item ExtUtils::Constant::Base
618 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
620 =item ExtUtils::Constant::Utils
622 Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
624 =item ExtUtils::Constant::XS
626 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
628 =item ExtUtils::Embed
630 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
632 =item ExtUtils::Install
634 Install files from here to there
636 =item ExtUtils::Installed
638 Inventory management of installed modules
640 =item ExtUtils::Liblist
642 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
646 OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
648 =item ExtUtils::MM_AIX
650 AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
652 =item ExtUtils::MM_Any
654 Platform-agnostic MM methods
656 =item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
658 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
660 =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
662 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
664 =item ExtUtils::MM_DOS
666 DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
668 =item ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
670 Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
672 =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
674 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
676 =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
678 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
680 =item ExtUtils::MM_QNX
682 QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
684 =item ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
686 U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
688 =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
690 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
692 =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
694 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
696 =item ExtUtils::MM_VOS
698 VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
700 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
702 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
704 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win95
706 Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
710 ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
712 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
714 Create a module Makefile
716 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config
718 Wrapper around Config.pm
720 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ
722 Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
724 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial
726 Writing a module with MakeMaker
728 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes
730 Version-agnostic bytes.pm
732 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish
734 Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
736 =item ExtUtils::Manifest
738 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
740 =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
742 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
744 =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
746 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
748 =item ExtUtils::Packlist
750 Manage .packlist files
752 =item ExtUtils::ParseXS
754 Converts Perl XS code into C code
756 =item ExtUtils::testlib
758 Add blib/* directories to @INC
762 Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
766 Load the C Fcntl.h defines
770 Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
772 =item File::CheckTree
774 Run many filetest checks on a tree
778 Compare files or filehandles
782 Copy files or filehandles
786 DOS like globbing and then some
790 A generic file fetching mechanism
794 Traverse a directory tree.
798 Perl extension for BSD glob routine
800 =item File::GlobMapper
802 Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
806 Create or remove directory trees
810 Portably perform operations on file names
812 =item File::Spec::Cygwin
814 Methods for Cygwin file specs
816 =item File::Spec::Epoc
818 Methods for Epoc file specs
820 =item File::Spec::Functions
822 Portably perform operations on file names
824 =item File::Spec::Mac
826 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
828 =item File::Spec::OS2
830 Methods for OS/2 file specs
832 =item File::Spec::Unix
834 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
836 =item File::Spec::VMS
838 Methods for VMS file specs
840 =item File::Spec::Win32
842 Methods for Win32 file specs
846 Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
850 By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
854 Keep more files open than the system permits
858 Supply object methods for filehandles
862 Simplified source filtering
864 =item Filter::Util::Call
866 Perl Source Filter Utility Module
870 Locate directory of original perl script
874 Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
878 Extended processing of command line options
882 Process single-character switches with switch clustering
886 A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
888 =item Hash::Util::FieldHash
890 Support for Inside-Out Classes
894 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
898 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
900 =item I18N::LangTags::Detect
902 Detect the user's language preferences
904 =item I18N::LangTags::List
906 Tags and names for human languages
910 Query locale information
914 Load various IO modules
916 =item IO::Compress::Base
918 Base Class for IO::Compress modules
920 =item IO::Compress::Deflate
922 Write RFC 1950 files/buffers
924 =item IO::Compress::Gzip
926 Write RFC 1952 files/buffers
928 =item IO::Compress::RawDeflate
930 Write RFC 1951 files/buffers
932 =item IO::Compress::Zip
934 Write zip files/buffers
938 Supply object methods for directory handles
942 Supply object methods for filehandles
946 Supply object methods for I/O handles
950 Supply object methods for pipes
954 Object interface to system poll call
958 Supply seek based methods for I/O objects
962 OO interface to the select system call
966 Object interface to socket communications
968 =item IO::Socket::INET
970 Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
972 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
974 Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
976 =item IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate
978 Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip) file/buffer
980 =item IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress
982 Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2 or lzop file/buffer
984 =item IO::Uncompress::Base
986 Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules
988 =item IO::Uncompress::Gunzip
990 Read RFC 1952 files/buffers
992 =item IO::Uncompress::Inflate
994 Read RFC 1950 files/buffers
996 =item IO::Uncompress::RawInflate
998 Read RFC 1951 files/buffers
1000 =item IO::Uncompress::Unzip
1002 Read zip files/buffers
1006 IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib>
1010 Finding and running system commands made easy
1014 Open a process for both reading and writing
1018 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
1024 =item IPC::SysV::Msg
1026 SysV Msg IPC object class
1028 =item IPC::SysV::Semaphore
1030 SysV Semaphore IPC object class
1034 A selection of general-utility list subroutines
1036 =item Locale::Constants
1038 Constants for Locale codes
1040 =item Locale::Country
1042 ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
1044 =item Locale::Currency
1046 ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
1048 =item Locale::Language
1050 ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
1052 =item Locale::Maketext
1054 Framework for localization
1056 =item Locale::Maketext::Simple
1058 Simple interface to Locale::Maketext::Lexicon
1060 =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
1062 Article about software localization
1064 =item Locale::Script
1066 ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
1070 A generic message storing mechanism;
1072 =item Log::Message::Config
1074 Configuration options for Log::Message
1076 =item Log::Message::Handlers
1078 Message handlers for Log::Message
1080 =item Log::Message::Item
1082 Message objects for Log::Message
1086 Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
1088 =item MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint
1090 Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
1092 =item Math::BigFloat
1094 Arbitrary size floating point math package
1098 Arbitrary size integer/float math package
1100 =item Math::BigInt::Calc
1102 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
1104 =item Math::BigInt::CalcEmu
1106 Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
1108 =item Math::BigInt::FastCalc
1110 Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more speed
1114 Arbitrary big rational numbers
1118 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
1122 Trigonometric functions
1126 Make functions faster by trading space for time
1128 =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
1130 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
1132 =item Memoize::Expire
1134 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
1136 =item Memoize::ExpireFile
1138 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
1140 =item Memoize::ExpireTest
1142 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
1144 =item Memoize::NDBM_File
1146 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
1148 =item Memoize::SDBM_File
1150 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
1152 =item Memoize::Storable
1154 Store Memoized data in Storable database
1158 Build and install Perl modules
1160 =item Module::Build::API
1162 API Reference for Module Authors
1164 =item Module::Build::Authoring
1166 Authoring Module::Build modules
1168 =item Module::Build::Base
1170 Default methods for Module::Build
1172 =item Module::Build::Compat
1174 Compatibility with ExtUtils::MakeMaker
1176 =item Module::Build::ConfigData
1178 Configuration for Module::Build
1180 =item Module::Build::Cookbook
1182 Examples of Module::Build Usage
1184 =item Module::Build::ModuleInfo
1186 Gather package and POD information from a perl module files
1188 =item Module::Build::Notes
1190 Configuration for $module_name
1192 =item Module::Build::PPMMaker
1194 Perl Package Manager file creation
1196 =item Module::Build::Platform::Amiga
1198 Builder class for Amiga platforms
1200 =item Module::Build::Platform::Default
1202 Stub class for unknown platforms
1204 =item Module::Build::Platform::EBCDIC
1206 Builder class for EBCDIC platforms
1208 =item Module::Build::Platform::MPEiX
1210 Builder class for MPEiX platforms
1212 =item Module::Build::Platform::MacOS
1214 Builder class for MacOS platforms
1216 =item Module::Build::Platform::RiscOS
1218 Builder class for RiscOS platforms
1220 =item Module::Build::Platform::Unix
1222 Builder class for Unix platforms
1224 =item Module::Build::Platform::VMS
1226 Builder class for VMS platforms
1228 =item Module::Build::Platform::VOS
1230 Builder class for VOS platforms
1232 =item Module::Build::Platform::Windows
1234 Builder class for Windows platforms
1236 =item Module::Build::Platform::aix
1238 Builder class for AIX platform
1240 =item Module::Build::Platform::cygwin
1242 Builder class for Cygwin platform
1244 =item Module::Build::Platform::darwin
1246 Builder class for Mac OS X platform
1248 =item Module::Build::Platform::os2
1250 Builder class for OS/2 platform
1252 =item Module::Build::YAML
1254 Provides just enough YAML support so that Module::Build works even if YAML.pm is not installed
1256 =item Module::CoreList
1258 What modules shipped with versions of perl
1262 Runtime require of both modules and files
1264 =item Module::Load::Conditional
1266 Looking up module information / loading at runtime
1268 =item Module::Loaded
1270 Mark modules as loaded or unloaded
1272 =item Module::Pluggable
1274 Automatically give your module the ability to have plugins
1276 =item Module::Pluggable::Object
1278 Automatically give your module the ability to have plugins
1282 Tied access to ndbm files
1286 Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redispatch
1290 Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
1294 Local configuration data for libnet
1298 Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
1310 OO interface to users netrc file
1314 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
1318 Check a remote host for reachability
1322 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
1326 Time and daytime network client interface
1330 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
1332 =item Net::libnetFAQ
1334 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
1338 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
1342 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
1346 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
1350 Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
1354 Tied access to odbm files
1358 Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
1362 Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
1364 =item Package::Constants
1366 List all constants declared in a package
1370 A generic input parsing/checking mechanism.
1374 On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
1376 =item PerlIO::encoding
1380 =item PerlIO::scalar
1382 In-memory IO, scalar IO
1386 Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
1388 =item PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
1390 PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
1394 Check pod documents for syntax errors
1398 For resolving Pod EE<lt>...E<gt> sequences
1402 Find POD documents in directory trees
1404 =item Pod::Functions
1406 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
1410 Module to convert pod files to HTML
1412 =item Pod::InputObjects
1414 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
1418 Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
1422 Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
1424 =item Pod::ParseLink
1426 Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
1428 =item Pod::ParseUtils
1430 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
1434 Base class for creating POD filters and translators
1436 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
1438 Let Perldoc check Pod for errors
1440 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
1442 Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
1444 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
1446 Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
1448 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
1450 Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
1452 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
1454 Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
1456 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToText
1458 Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
1460 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
1462 Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
1464 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
1466 Let Perldoc render Pod as XML
1468 =item Pod::PlainText
1470 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1474 Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
1478 Extract selected sections of POD from input
1482 Framework for parsing Pod
1484 =item Pod::Simple::Checker
1486 Check the Pod syntax of a document
1488 =item Pod::Simple::Debug
1490 Put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode
1492 =item Pod::Simple::DumpAsText
1494 Dump Pod-parsing events as text
1496 =item Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML
1500 =item Pod::Simple::HTML
1504 =item Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch
1506 Convert several Pod files to several HTML files
1508 =item Pod::Simple::LinkSection
1510 Represent "section" attributes of L codes
1512 =item Pod::Simple::Methody
1514 Turn Pod::Simple events into method calls
1516 =item Pod::Simple::PullParser
1518 A pull-parser interface to parsing Pod
1520 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken
1522 End-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1524 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken
1526 Start-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1528 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken
1530 Text-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1532 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserToken
1534 Tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1536 =item Pod::Simple::RTF
1540 =item Pod::Simple::Search
1542 Find POD documents in directory trees
1544 =item Pod::Simple::SimpleTree
1546 Parse Pod into a simple parse tree
1548 =item Pod::Simple::Subclassing
1550 Write a formatter as a Pod::Simple subclass
1552 =item Pod::Simple::Text
1554 Format Pod as plaintext
1556 =item Pod::Simple::TextContent
1558 Get the text content of Pod
1560 =item Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream
1566 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1568 =item Pod::Text::Color
1570 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
1572 =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
1574 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
1576 =item Pod::Text::Termcap
1578 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
1582 Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
1586 Tied access to sdbm files
1590 Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
1594 A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
1598 Search for key in dictionary file
1602 Save and restore selected file handle
1606 Load functions only on demand
1610 Run shell commands transparently within perl
1614 Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
1618 Persistence for Perl data structures
1622 A switch statement for Perl
1626 Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
1630 Try every conceivable way to get hostname
1634 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
1636 =item Term::ANSIColor
1638 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
1642 Perl termcap interface
1644 =item Term::Complete
1646 Perl word completion module
1648 =item Term::ReadLine
1650 Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
1654 Term::ReadLine UI made easy
1658 Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
1662 Backend for building test libraries
1664 =item Test::Builder::Module
1666 Base class for test modules
1668 =item Test::Builder::Tester
1670 Test testsuites that have been built with
1672 =item Test::Builder::Tester::Color
1674 Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester
1678 Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
1680 =item Test::Harness::Assert
1684 =item Test::Harness::Iterator
1686 Internal Test::Harness Iterator
1688 =item Test::Harness::Point
1690 Object for tracking a single test point
1692 =item Test::Harness::Results
1694 Object for tracking results from a single test file
1696 =item Test::Harness::Straps
1698 Detailed analysis of test results
1700 =item Test::Harness::TAP
1702 Documentation for the TAP format
1704 =item Test::Harness::Util
1706 Utility functions for Test::Harness::*
1710 Yet another framework for writing test scripts
1714 Basic utilities for writing tests.
1716 =item Test::Tutorial
1718 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
1722 Create an abbreviation table from a list
1724 =item Text::Balanced
1726 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
1728 =item Text::ParseWords
1730 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
1734 Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
1738 Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
1742 Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
1746 Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
1752 =item Thread::Semaphore
1754 Thread-safe semaphores
1758 Base class for tied arrays
1762 Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
1766 Base class definitions for tied handles
1770 Base class definitions for tied hashes
1772 =item Tie::Hash::NamedCapture
1774 Named regexp capture buffers
1778 Add data to hash when needed
1782 Use references as hash keys
1786 Base class definitions for tied scalars
1788 =item Tie::SubstrHash
1790 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
1794 High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers
1798 Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
1802 Object Oriented time objects
1804 =item Time::Piece::Seconds
1806 A simple API to convert seconds to other date values
1810 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
1812 =item Time::localtime
1814 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
1818 Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
1822 Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
1824 =item Unicode::Collate
1826 Unicode Collation Algorithm
1828 =item Unicode::Normalize
1830 Unicode Normalization Forms
1834 Unicode character database
1838 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
1842 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
1846 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
1848 =item Win32API::File
1850 Low-level access to Win32 system API calls for files/dirs.
1858 Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
1862 Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
1866 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
1867 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
1868 just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
1869 double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
1871 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
1872 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
1873 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
1875 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
1876 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
1877 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
1878 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
1879 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
1880 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
1881 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
1882 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
1884 Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
1885 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
1886 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
1889 =head2 Extension Modules
1891 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
1892 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
1893 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
1894 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1896 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1897 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
1898 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
1899 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
1900 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
1901 like Alta Vista or Google.
1905 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1906 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1907 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1908 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
1909 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
1911 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1912 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1919 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1927 Operating System Interfaces
1931 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1935 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1947 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1951 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1955 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1959 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1963 Internationalization and Locale
1967 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1971 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1975 Server and Daemon Utilities
1979 Archiving and Compression
1983 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1987 Mail and Usenet News
1991 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1995 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1999 Miscellaneous Modules
2003 The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
2004 Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
2010 |-->[state/province]
2016 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
2017 European and the South American sites.
2019 You should try to choose one close to you.
2027 http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
2028 ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
2029 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
2030 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
2031 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/
2041 http://cpan.linuxforum.net/
2042 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
2043 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
2044 ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN
2048 http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/
2049 http://cpan.cbn.net.id/
2050 ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN
2054 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
2055 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
2056 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
2057 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
2061 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
2062 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
2063 ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/
2064 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2066 ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/
2067 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
2068 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2072 http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my
2073 http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN
2074 http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN
2076 =item Russian Federation
2078 http://cpan.tomsk.ru
2079 ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/
2083 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
2087 http://CPAN.en.com.sg/
2088 ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/
2089 http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
2090 ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
2091 http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
2092 ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
2096 http://CPAN.bora.net/
2097 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
2098 http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN
2099 ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN
2103 ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
2104 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
2105 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
2106 http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
2107 ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
2108 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
2109 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
2110 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
2114 ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/
2115 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2119 =head2 Central America
2125 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
2126 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
2136 http://cpan.inode.at/
2138 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
2142 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
2143 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
2144 http://cpan.skynet.be
2145 ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
2146 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2148 =item Bosnia and Herzegovina
2150 http://cpan.blic.net/
2154 http://cpan.online.bg
2155 ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan
2156 http://cpan.zadnik.org
2157 ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/
2158 http://cpan.lirex.net/
2159 ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2163 http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
2164 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
2166 =item Czech Republic
2168 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
2169 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2173 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
2174 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
2175 http://cpan.cybercity.dk
2176 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
2177 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
2181 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2185 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2186 http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
2190 http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN
2191 http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
2192 ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
2193 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
2194 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
2195 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
2197 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
2198 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2199 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
2200 http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
2201 ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
2202 http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2203 ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2204 http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
2205 ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
2206 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
2207 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
2211 ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
2212 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
2213 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
2214 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
2215 http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
2216 ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
2217 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2218 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2219 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
2220 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
2221 http://cpan.noris.de/
2222 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
2223 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
2224 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
2228 ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl
2229 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2230 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
2234 http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/
2235 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
2239 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
2240 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
2244 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
2245 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
2246 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2247 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2248 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
2249 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
2253 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
2254 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
2255 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
2256 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
2257 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
2258 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/
2259 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
2260 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
2261 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
2262 http://cpan.flashnet.it/
2263 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
2267 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
2271 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
2275 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2276 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
2277 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2278 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
2279 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN
2280 ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/
2281 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
2282 http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
2283 ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
2284 http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
2285 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
2289 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2290 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
2294 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN
2295 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
2296 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2300 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
2301 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
2302 http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
2303 ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
2304 ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN
2305 http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2306 ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2308 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
2309 http://cpan.telepac.pt/
2310 ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/
2314 ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN
2315 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
2316 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
2317 ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/
2318 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
2319 ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2320 http://cpan.ambra.ro/
2321 ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN
2322 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
2323 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
2324 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
2328 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2329 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
2330 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2331 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
2332 ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/
2333 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
2334 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2338 ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
2342 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
2346 http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/
2347 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2348 ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN
2349 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
2353 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
2354 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
2355 http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN
2356 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
2357 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2361 http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
2362 ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2363 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
2364 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2368 http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/
2369 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN
2370 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
2376 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
2377 http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/
2378 ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/
2380 =item United Kingdom
2382 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2383 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2384 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
2385 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
2386 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
2387 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2388 http://cpan.etla.org/
2389 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
2390 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
2391 http://cpan.m.flirble.org/
2392 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2393 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
2394 http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/
2395 http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/
2396 ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/
2397 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
2401 =head2 North America
2411 http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
2412 ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
2416 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
2417 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
2421 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
2425 ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
2431 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
2432 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
2433 http://www.cpan.unam.mx/
2434 ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
2435 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
2436 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
2444 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
2445 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
2449 http://cpan.develooper.com/
2450 http://www.cpan.org/
2451 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
2452 http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2453 ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2454 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
2455 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
2456 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
2457 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
2458 http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
2459 ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
2460 http://cpan.digisle.net/
2461 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
2462 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
2463 http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN
2467 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2468 http://cpan.four10.com
2472 http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
2473 ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
2475 =item District of Columbia
2477 ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/
2481 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2482 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2483 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2484 http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/
2488 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2489 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
2490 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2491 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
2492 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
2493 http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
2494 ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
2495 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
2496 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
2500 http://cpan.uky.edu/
2501 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
2502 http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan
2503 ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN
2507 http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN
2508 ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN
2509 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2513 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
2514 http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
2515 ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
2519 http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
2520 ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
2524 http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
2525 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
2526 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
2527 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
2531 http://cpan.belfry.net/
2532 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2533 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2534 http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
2535 ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
2536 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
2537 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
2538 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
2540 =item North Carolina
2542 http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2543 ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2544 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
2545 ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2549 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
2553 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
2557 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
2558 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
2559 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
2560 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
2561 http://cpan.pair.com/
2562 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
2563 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2567 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
2571 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2572 http://www.binarycode.org/cpan
2573 ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN
2574 http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN
2578 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
2582 http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
2583 ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
2584 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
2585 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
2586 http://perl.secsup.org/
2587 ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
2588 http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/
2592 http://cpan.llarian.net/
2593 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
2594 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
2595 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
2596 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
2600 http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
2601 ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
2602 http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN
2603 ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN
2615 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
2616 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
2617 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
2618 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
2619 http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au
2623 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
2627 http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
2628 ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
2632 =head2 South America
2638 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
2639 http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
2640 ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
2644 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
2645 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
2646 http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
2647 ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
2651 http://cpan.netglobalis.net/
2652 ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/
2656 =head2 RSYNC Mirrors
2658 www.linux.org.ar::cpan
2659 theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
2660 ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
2661 rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
2662 ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
2664 rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN
2665 ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
2667 ftp.cbn.net.id::CPAN
2668 rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2669 ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
2670 gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
2671 ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
2672 ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
2673 mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN
2674 rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN
2675 mirror.averse.net::cpan
2676 rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
2677 ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN
2679 cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN
2680 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
2681 rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
2684 cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
2685 aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN
2686 archive.progeny.com::CPAN
2687 rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN
2688 mirror.aphix.com::CPAN
2689 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
2690 ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
2691 mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
2692 mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
2694 cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
2695 mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
2696 csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN
2698 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
2699 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
2701 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2703 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
2704 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
2706 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
2707 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
2708 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
2709 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
2710 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
2711 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
2713 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
2714 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
2715 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
2716 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
2717 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
2718 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
2719 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
2720 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
2721 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
2723 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
2729 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
2731 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
2732 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
2733 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
2734 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
2735 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
2736 with command line options.
2738 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
2739 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
2740 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
2741 scheme as the original author.
2745 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
2747 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
2748 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
2749 of code that need less warnings.
2751 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
2752 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
2757 return bless {}, $class;
2760 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
2761 or a virtual method.
2765 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
2766 return bless {}, $class;
2769 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
2770 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
2771 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
2772 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
2774 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
2775 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
2776 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
2777 class names as far as possible.
2779 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
2780 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
2782 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
2783 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
2784 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
2786 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
2788 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
2789 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
2790 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
2791 does your application still work if you change: C<< $obj = YOURCLASS->new(); >>
2792 into: C<< $obj = SUBCLASS->new(); >> ?
2794 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
2795 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
2796 information in objects.
2800 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
2801 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
2802 of code that need less strictness.
2806 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
2812 Some simple style guidelines
2814 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
2816 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
2817 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
2818 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
2819 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
2821 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
2822 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
2823 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
2824 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
2826 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
2827 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
2828 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
2829 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
2831 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
2832 or nature of a variable. For example:
2834 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
2835 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
2836 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
2838 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
2839 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
2841 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
2842 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
2846 Select what to export.
2848 Do NOT export method names!
2850 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
2852 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
2853 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
2854 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
2856 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
2857 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
2858 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
2859 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
2861 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
2862 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
2863 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
2866 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
2867 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
2868 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
2872 Select a name for the module.
2874 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
2875 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
2876 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
2877 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
2878 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
2879 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
2880 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
2882 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
2883 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
2884 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
2885 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
2887 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
2888 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
2889 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
2890 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
2892 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
2893 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
2896 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
2897 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
2898 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
2899 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
2900 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
2902 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
2903 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
2904 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
2908 Have you got it right?
2910 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
2911 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
2912 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
2914 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
2915 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
2916 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
2918 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
2919 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
2920 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
2921 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
2923 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
2924 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
2925 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
2929 README and other Additional Files.
2931 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
2932 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
2933 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2934 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2940 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2944 A copyright notice - see below.
2948 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2952 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2960 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
2964 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2968 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2969 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2976 Adding a Copyright Notice.
2978 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2979 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2980 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2982 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
2983 and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
2984 or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
2985 just using the GNU GPL.
2987 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
2988 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2990 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2991 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2992 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2994 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
2995 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
2996 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
3000 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
3002 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
3003 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
3004 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
3005 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
3006 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
3007 See L<Exporter> for details.
3009 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
3010 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
3011 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
3012 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
3016 How to release and distribute a module.
3018 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
3019 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
3020 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
3023 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
3024 include details of its location in your announcement.
3026 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
3027 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
3028 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
3029 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
3030 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
3031 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
3032 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
3035 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
3037 Follow the instructions and links on:
3039 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
3040 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
3042 or upload to one of these sites:
3044 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
3045 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
3047 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
3049 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
3050 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
3053 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
3057 Take care when changing a released module.
3059 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
3060 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
3061 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
3067 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3073 There is no requirement to convert anything.
3075 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
3076 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
3077 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
3078 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
3082 Consider the implications.
3084 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
3085 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
3086 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
3090 Make the most of the opportunity.
3092 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
3093 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
3094 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
3098 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
3100 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
3101 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
3107 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
3111 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
3115 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
3119 Several other minor changes
3123 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
3124 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
3125 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
3129 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3135 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
3139 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
3141 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
3146 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
3150 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
3154 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
3156 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
3157 the application could invoked as:
3159 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
3161 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
3167 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
3168 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
3169 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
3170 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
3171 because it has a shotgun.
3173 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
3174 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
3175 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
3176 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
3177 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
3178 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.