2 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
10 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
12 Many modules are included the Perl distribution. These are described
13 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
14 file (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
15 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
16 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
17 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
18 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
19 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
20 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
21 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
22 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
23 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
24 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
26 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
28 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
29 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
30 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
31 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
38 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
40 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
41 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
42 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
43 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
44 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
45 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
48 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
54 Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
58 Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
62 Postpone load of modules until a function is used
66 Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
70 Transparent big integer support for Perl
74 Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
78 Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
82 Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
86 Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
90 Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes
98 Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
102 Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
106 Compile-time class fields
110 Control the filetest permission operators
114 C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
118 Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
122 Request less of something from the compiler
126 Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
130 Set default PerlIO layers for input and output
134 Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
138 Package for overloading perl operations
142 Alter regular expression behaviour
146 Enable simple signal handling
150 Control sort() behaviour
154 Restrict unsafe constructs
162 Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl
166 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
170 Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
174 Control VMS-specific language features
178 Control optional warnings
180 =item warnings::register
182 Warnings import function
186 =head2 Standard Modules
188 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
189 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
190 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
196 Provide framework for multiple DBMs
198 =item Attribute::Handlers
200 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
204 Load subroutines only on demand
208 Split a package for autoloading
216 Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode
220 Assemble Perl bytecode
228 Perl compiler's bytecode backend
232 Perl compiler's C backend
236 Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
240 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
244 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
248 Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
250 =item B::Disassembler
252 Disassemble Perl bytecode
260 Show lexical variables used in functions or files
264 Helper module for CC backend
268 Show what stashes are loaded
272 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
276 Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
280 Benchmark running times of Perl code
284 Load byte compiled perl code
288 Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
292 Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
296 CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
300 Interface to Netscape Cookies
304 CGI Interface for Fast CGI
308 Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
312 Simple Interface to Server Push
316 Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
320 Internal utilities used by CGI module
324 Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
326 =item CPAN::FirstTime
328 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
332 Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
336 Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
340 No user serviceable parts inside
344 Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
348 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
352 Access Perl configuration information
356 Get pathname of current working directory
360 Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
364 Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
366 =item Devel::SelfStubber
368 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
372 Modules that calculate message digests
376 Supply object methods for directory handles
380 Provides screen dump of Perl data.
388 Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
392 Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
396 System errno constants
400 Implements default import method for modules
402 =item Exporter::Heavy
406 =item ExtUtils::Command
408 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
410 =item ExtUtils::Command::MM
412 Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
414 =item ExtUtils::Constant
416 Generate XS code to import C header constants
418 =item ExtUtils::Embed
420 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
422 =item ExtUtils::Install
424 Install files from here to there
426 =item ExtUtils::Installed
428 Inventory management of installed modules
430 =item ExtUtils::Liblist
432 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
436 OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
438 =item ExtUtils::MM_Any
440 Platform agnostic MM methods
442 =item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
444 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
446 =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
448 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
450 =item ExtUtils::MM_DOS
452 DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
454 =item ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
456 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
458 =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
460 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
462 =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
464 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
466 =item ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
468 U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
470 =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
472 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
474 =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
476 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
478 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
480 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
482 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win95
484 Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
488 ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
490 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
492 Create an extension Makefile
494 =item ExtUtils::Manifest
496 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
498 =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
500 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
502 =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
504 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
506 =item ExtUtils::Packlist
508 Manage .packlist files
510 =item ExtUtils::testlib
512 Add blib/* directories to @INC
516 Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
520 Load the C Fcntl.h defines
524 Split a pathname into pieces
526 =item File::CheckTree
528 Run many filetest checks on a tree
532 Compare files or filehandles
536 Copy files or filehandles
540 DOS like globbing and then some
544 Traverse a directory tree.
548 Create or remove directory trees
552 Portably perform operations on file names
554 =item File::Spec::Cygwin
556 Methods for Cygwin file specs
558 =item File::Spec::Epoc
560 Methods for Epoc file specs
562 =item File::Spec::Functions
564 Portably perform operations on file names
566 =item File::Spec::Mac
568 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
570 =item File::Spec::OS2
572 Methods for OS/2 file specs
574 =item File::Spec::Unix
576 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
578 =item File::Spec::VMS
580 Methods for VMS file specs
582 =item File::Spec::Win32
584 Methods for Win32 file specs
588 Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
592 By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
596 Keep more files open than the system permits
600 Supply object methods for filehandles
604 Simplified source filtering
608 Locate directory of original perl script
612 Extended processing of command line options
616 Process single-character switches with switch clustering
620 A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
624 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
628 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
630 =item I18N::LangTags::List
632 Tags and names for human languages
636 Load various IO modules
640 Open a process for both reading and writing
644 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
646 =item Locale::Constants
648 Constants for Locale codes
650 =item Locale::Country
652 ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
654 =item Locale::Currency
656 ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
658 =item Locale::Language
660 ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
662 =item Locale::Maketext
664 Framework for localization
666 =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
668 Article about software localization
672 ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
676 Arbitrary size floating point math package
680 Arbitrary size integer math package
682 =item Math::BigInt::Calc
684 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
688 Arbitrarily big rationals
692 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
696 Trigonometric functions
700 Make functions faster by trading space for time
702 =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
704 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
706 =item Memoize::Expire
708 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
710 =item Memoize::ExpireFile
712 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
714 =item Memoize::ExpireTest
716 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
718 =item Memoize::NDBM_File
720 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
722 =item Memoize::SDBM_File
724 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
726 =item Memoize::Storable
728 Store Memoized data in Storable database
732 Tied access to ndbm files
736 Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
740 Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
744 Local configuration data for libnet
748 Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
760 OO interface to users netrc file
764 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
768 Check a remote host for reachability
772 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
776 Time and daytime network client interface
780 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
784 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
788 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
792 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
796 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
800 Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
804 Tied access to odbm files
808 Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
812 Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
816 On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
818 =item PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
820 PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
824 Check pod documents for syntax errors
828 Find POD documents in directory trees
832 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
836 Module to convert pod files to HTML
838 =item Pod::InputObjects
840 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
844 Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
848 Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
852 Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
854 =item Pod::ParseUtils
856 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
860 Base class for creating POD filters and translators
864 Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
868 Extract selected sections of POD from input
872 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
874 =item Pod::Text::Color
876 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
878 =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
880 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
882 =item Pod::Text::Termcap
884 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
888 Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
892 Tied access to sdbm files
896 Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
900 Search for key in dictionary file
904 Save and restore selected file handle
908 Load functions only on demand
912 Run shell commands transparently within perl
916 Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
920 Persistence for Perl data structures
924 A switch statement for Perl
928 Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
930 =item Term::ANSIColor
932 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
936 Perl termcap interface
940 Perl word completion module
944 Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
948 Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
952 Backend for building test libraries
956 Run perl standard test scripts with statistics
958 =item Test::Harness::Assert
962 =item Test::Harness::Iterator
964 Internal Test::Harness Iterator
966 =item Test::Harness::Straps
968 Detailed analysis of test results
972 Yet another framework for writing test scripts
976 Basic utilities for writing tests.
980 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
984 Create an abbreviation table from a list
988 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
990 =item Text::ParseWords
992 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
996 Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
1000 Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
1004 Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
1008 Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
1014 =item Thread::Semaphore
1016 Thread-safe semaphores
1020 Base class for tied arrays
1024 Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
1028 Base class definitions for tied handles
1032 Base class definitions for tied hashes
1036 Add data to hash when needed
1040 Use references as hash keys
1044 Base class definitions for tied scalars
1046 =item Tie::SubstrHash
1048 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
1052 Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
1056 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
1058 =item Time::localtime
1060 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
1064 Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
1068 Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
1070 =item Unicode::Collate
1072 Unicode Collation Algorithm
1076 Unicode character database
1080 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
1084 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
1088 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
1092 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
1093 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
1096 % find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print
1098 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
1099 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
1100 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
1101 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
1102 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
1103 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
1104 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
1106 =head2 Extension Modules
1108 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
1109 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
1110 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
1111 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1113 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1114 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
1115 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
1116 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
1117 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
1118 like Alta Vista or Deja News.
1122 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1123 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1124 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1125 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
1126 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
1128 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1129 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1136 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1144 Operating System Interfaces
1148 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1152 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1164 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1168 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1172 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1176 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1180 Internationalization and Locale
1184 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1188 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1192 Server and Daemon Utilities
1196 Archiving and Compression
1200 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1204 Mail and Usenet News
1208 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1212 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1216 Miscellaneous Modules
1220 The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
1221 Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
1227 |-->[state/province]
1233 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
1234 European and the South American sites.
1236 You should try to choose one close to you.
1244 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
1245 ftp://ftp.mweb.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1246 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1247 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/
1257 ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1258 http://www2.linuxforum.net/mirror/CPAN/
1259 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
1260 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
1264 http://cpan.in.freeos.com
1265 ftp://cpan.in.freeos.com/pub/CPAN/
1269 http://cpan.itb.web.id/
1270 ftp://mirrors.piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
1271 http://cpan.cbn.net.id/
1272 ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN
1273 http://CPAN.mweb.co.id/
1274 ftp://ftp.mweb.co.id/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1278 http://www.iglu.org.il:/pub/CPAN/
1279 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
1280 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
1281 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1282 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1286 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
1287 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
1288 http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1289 ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1290 ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1291 ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/
1292 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1293 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
1294 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1298 http://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN
1299 ftp://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN
1303 http://www.adzu.edu.ph/CPAN
1305 =item Russian Federation
1307 http://cpan.tomsk.ru
1308 ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/pub/CPAN
1312 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
1316 http://cpan.hjc.edu.sg
1317 http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
1318 ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
1322 http://CPAN.bora.net/
1323 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
1324 http://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
1325 ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
1326 ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/
1327 http://ftp.xgate.co.kr/cpan/
1328 ftp://ftp.xgate.co.kr/pub/mirror/CPAN
1332 ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
1333 ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub/perl/CPAN/
1334 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
1335 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1336 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1340 ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/
1341 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1345 =head2 Central America
1351 ftp://ftp.linux.co.cr/mirrors/CPAN/
1352 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
1353 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
1363 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
1367 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
1368 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
1369 http://cpan.skynet.be
1370 ftp://ftp.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
1371 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1375 http://cpan.lirex.net/
1376 ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN
1380 http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
1381 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
1383 =item Czech Republic
1385 http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1386 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1387 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1391 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
1392 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
1393 http://cpan.cybercity.dk
1394 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
1395 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1399 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1403 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1404 http://cpan.kpnqwest.fi/
1408 http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
1409 ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
1410 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
1411 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
1412 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1414 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1415 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1416 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
1417 http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
1418 ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
1419 http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
1420 ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
1421 http://cpan.cict.fr/
1422 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
1423 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1427 ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
1428 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1429 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
1430 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
1431 http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
1432 ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
1433 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1434 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1435 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
1436 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
1437 http://cpan.noris.de/
1438 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
1439 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
1440 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
1444 ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl/CPAN
1445 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1446 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1450 http://cpan.artifact.hu/
1451 ftp://cpan.artifact.hu/CPAN/
1452 http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/
1453 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1457 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
1458 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
1462 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
1463 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
1464 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1465 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1469 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
1470 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
1471 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
1472 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
1473 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
1474 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/
1475 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
1476 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
1477 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
1478 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
1482 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
1486 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
1490 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1491 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
1492 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1493 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
1494 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN
1495 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
1496 http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
1497 ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
1498 http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1499 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1503 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1504 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
1508 ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1509 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.com/
1510 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
1511 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
1515 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
1516 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
1517 http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
1518 ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
1519 ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
1521 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
1522 ftp://ftp.netc.pt/pub/CPAN/
1523 ftp://ftp.up.pt/pub/CPAN
1527 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1528 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
1529 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
1530 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
1531 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1535 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1536 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
1537 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1538 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
1539 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
1540 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1544 http://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
1545 ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
1549 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
1553 http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/
1554 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
1555 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
1559 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
1560 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
1561 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
1562 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1566 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
1567 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
1571 http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/
1572 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN
1573 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
1579 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
1581 =item United Kingdom
1583 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1584 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1585 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
1586 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
1587 http://cpan.crazygreek.co.uk
1588 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
1589 http://cpan.m.flirble.org/
1590 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1591 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
1592 http://mirror.uklinux.net/CPAN/
1593 ftp://mirror.uklinux.net/pub/CPAN/
1594 http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/
1595 ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/
1596 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
1600 =head2 North America
1606 http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1607 ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1611 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1612 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1616 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
1620 ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/CPAN/
1624 http://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/
1628 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
1629 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
1630 http://cpan.unam.mx/
1631 ftp://cpan.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
1632 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
1633 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
1637 =head2 United States
1643 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1644 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1648 http://cpan.develooper.com/
1649 http://www.cpan.org/
1650 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
1651 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
1652 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
1653 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
1654 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
1655 http://cpan.digisle.net/
1656 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
1657 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
1658 http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1662 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1666 http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
1667 ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
1669 =item District of Columbia
1671 ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/
1675 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1676 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1677 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1678 http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/
1682 http://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1683 ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1687 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1688 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
1689 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1690 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
1691 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
1692 ftp://cpan.in-span.net/
1693 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1694 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1698 http://cpan.uky.edu/
1699 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
1703 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1704 http://cpan.mirrors.netnumina.com/
1705 ftp://mirrors.netnumina.com/cpan/
1709 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1713 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
1714 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
1715 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
1719 ftp://ftp.exobit.org/pub/perl/CPAN
1720 http://cpan.belfry.net/
1721 http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
1722 ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
1723 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
1724 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1725 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1726 ftp://mirrors.cloud9.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1728 =item North Carolina
1730 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
1734 ftp://ftp.loaded.net/pub/CPAN/
1738 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
1742 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
1746 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
1747 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
1748 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
1749 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
1750 http://cpan.pair.com/
1751 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
1752 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1756 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
1760 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1761 ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN
1765 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
1769 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1770 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1771 http://perl.secsup.org/
1772 ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
1773 http://mirrors.phihost.com/CPAN/
1774 ftp://mirrors.phihost.com/CPAN/
1775 ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1776 http://perl.Liquidation.com/CPAN/
1780 http://cpan.llarian.net/
1781 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
1782 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
1783 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
1784 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
1788 http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
1789 ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
1799 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1800 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1801 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
1802 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
1806 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
1807 http://cpan.soa.co.nz/CPAN/
1811 =head2 South America
1817 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
1818 http://ftp.fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar/pub/CPAN/
1819 ftp://ftp.fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar/pub/CPAN/
1823 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
1824 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
1828 http://cpan.netglobalis.net/
1829 ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/
1833 =head2 RSYNC Mirrors
1835 ftp.fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar::CPAN
1836 cpan.mirror.smartworker.org::CPAN
1837 theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
1838 ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
1840 ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
1842 ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
1844 CPAN.piksi.itb.ac.id::CPAN
1845 ftp.cbn.net.id::CPAN
1846 ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
1847 gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
1848 ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
1849 ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
1850 mirror.averse.net::cpan
1851 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
1853 archive.progeny.com::CPAN
1854 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
1855 ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
1856 mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
1857 mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
1858 mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
1859 csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN
1861 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
1862 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
1864 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1866 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
1867 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
1869 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
1870 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
1871 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
1872 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
1873 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
1874 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
1876 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
1877 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
1878 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
1879 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
1880 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
1881 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
1882 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
1883 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
1884 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
1886 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
1892 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
1894 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
1895 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
1896 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
1897 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
1898 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
1899 with command line options.
1901 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
1902 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
1903 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
1904 scheme as the original author.
1908 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1910 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1911 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1912 of code that need less warnings.
1914 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1915 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1920 return bless {}, $class;
1923 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1924 or a virtual method.
1928 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1929 return bless {}, $class;
1932 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1933 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1934 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1935 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1937 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1938 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1939 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1940 class names as far as possible.
1942 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1943 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
1945 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1946 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1947 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1949 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1951 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1952 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1953 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1954 does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
1955 into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
1957 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1958 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1959 information in objects.
1963 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1964 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1965 of code that need less strictness.
1969 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
1975 Some simple style guidelines
1977 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1979 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1980 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
1981 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
1982 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
1984 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
1985 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
1986 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
1987 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
1989 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
1990 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
1991 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
1992 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
1994 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
1995 or nature of a variable. For example:
1997 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
1998 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
1999 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
2001 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
2002 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
2004 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
2005 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
2009 Select what to export.
2011 Do NOT export method names!
2013 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
2015 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
2016 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
2017 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
2019 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
2020 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
2021 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
2022 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
2024 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
2025 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
2026 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
2029 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
2030 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
2031 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
2035 Select a name for the module.
2037 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
2038 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
2039 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
2040 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
2041 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
2042 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
2043 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
2045 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
2046 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
2047 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
2048 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
2050 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
2051 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
2052 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
2053 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
2055 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
2056 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
2059 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
2060 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
2061 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
2062 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
2063 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
2065 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
2066 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
2067 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
2071 Have you got it right?
2073 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
2074 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
2075 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
2077 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
2078 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
2079 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
2081 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
2082 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
2083 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
2084 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
2086 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
2087 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
2088 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
2092 README and other Additional Files.
2094 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
2095 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
2096 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2097 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2103 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2107 A copyright notice - see below.
2111 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2115 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2123 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
2127 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2131 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2132 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2139 Adding a Copyright Notice.
2141 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2142 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2143 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2145 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU
2146 GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and
2147 Artistic). Larry has good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
2149 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
2150 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2152 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2153 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2154 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2156 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
2157 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
2158 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
2162 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2164 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
2165 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
2166 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
2167 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
2168 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
2169 See L<Exporter> for details.
2171 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
2172 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
2173 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
2174 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2178 How to release and distribute a module.
2180 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
2181 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
2182 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
2185 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
2186 include details of its location in your announcement.
2188 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
2189 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
2190 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
2191 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
2192 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
2193 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
2194 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
2197 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
2199 Follow the instructions and links on:
2201 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
2202 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2204 or upload to one of these sites:
2206 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
2207 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
2209 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
2211 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
2212 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
2215 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
2219 Take care when changing a released module.
2221 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
2222 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
2223 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
2229 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2235 There is no requirement to convert anything.
2237 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
2238 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
2239 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
2240 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
2244 Consider the implications.
2246 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
2247 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
2248 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
2252 Make the most of the opportunity.
2254 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2255 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2256 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2260 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2262 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2263 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2269 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2273 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2277 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2281 Several other minor changes
2285 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2286 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2287 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2291 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2297 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2301 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2303 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2308 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2312 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2316 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2318 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
2319 the application could invoked as:
2321 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2323 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2329 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
2330 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
2331 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
2332 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
2333 because it has a shotgun.
2335 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2336 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2337 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2338 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2339 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
2340 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.