2 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
10 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
12 Many modules are included the Perl distribution. These are described
13 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
14 file (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
15 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
16 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
17 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
18 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
19 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
20 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
21 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
22 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
23 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
24 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
26 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
28 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
29 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
30 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
31 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
38 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
40 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
41 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
42 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
43 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
44 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
45 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
48 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
54 Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
58 Postpone load of modules until a function is used
62 Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
66 Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
70 Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
74 Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes.
82 Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
86 Pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into Unicode
90 Compile-time class fields
94 Control the filetest permission operators
98 Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
102 Request less of something from the compiler
106 Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
110 Set default disciplines for input and output
114 Package for overloading perl operations
118 Enable simple signal handling
122 Control sort() behaviour
126 Restrict unsafe constructs
134 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
138 Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
142 Control VMS-specific language features
146 Control optional warnings
148 =item warnings::register
150 Warnings import function
154 =head2 Standard Modules
156 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
157 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
158 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
164 Provide framework for multiple DBMs
166 =item Attribute::Handlers
168 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
172 Load subroutines only on demand
176 Split a package for autoloading
180 Benchmark running times of Perl code
184 Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
188 Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
192 CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
196 Interface to Netscape Cookies
200 CGI Interface for Fast CGI
204 Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
208 Simple Interface to Server Push
212 Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
216 Internal utilities used by CGI module
220 Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
222 =item CPAN::FirstTime
224 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
228 Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
232 Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
236 No user serviceable parts inside
240 Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
244 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
248 Get pathname of current working directory
252 Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
254 =item Devel::SelfStubber
256 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
260 Modules that calculate message digests
264 Supply object methods for directory handles
268 Provides screen dump of Perl data.
272 Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
276 Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
280 Implements default import method for modules
282 =item Exporter::Heavy
286 =item ExtUtils::Command
288 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
290 =item ExtUtils::Constant
292 Generate XS code to import C header constants
294 =item ExtUtils::Embed
296 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
298 =item ExtUtils::Install
300 Install files from here to there
302 =item ExtUtils::Installed
304 Inventory management of installed modules
306 =item ExtUtils::Liblist
308 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
310 =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
312 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
314 =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
316 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
318 =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
320 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
322 =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
324 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
326 =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
328 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
330 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
332 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
334 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
336 Create an extension Makefile
338 =item ExtUtils::Manifest
340 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
342 =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
344 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
346 =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
348 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
350 =item ExtUtils::Packlist
352 Manage .packlist files
354 =item ExtUtils::testlib
356 Add blib/* directories to @INC
360 Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
364 Split a pathname into pieces
366 =item File::CheckTree
368 Run many filetest checks on a tree
372 Compare files or filehandles
376 Copy files or filehandles
380 DOS like globbing and then some
388 Create or remove directory trees
392 Portably perform operations on file names
394 =item File::Spec::Cygwin
396 Methods for Cygwin file specs
398 =item File::Spec::Epoc
400 Methods for Epoc file specs
402 =item File::Spec::Functions
404 Portably perform operations on file names
406 =item File::Spec::Mac
408 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
410 =item File::Spec::OS2
412 Methods for OS/2 file specs
414 =item File::Spec::Unix
416 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
418 =item File::Spec::VMS
420 Methods for VMS file specs
422 =item File::Spec::Win32
424 Methods for Win32 file specs
428 Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
432 By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
436 Keep more files open than the system permits
440 Supply object methods for filehandles
444 Simplified source filtering
448 Locate directory of original perl script
452 Extended processing of command line options
456 Process single-character switches with switch clustering
460 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
464 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
466 =item I18N::LangTags::List
468 Tags and names for human languages
472 Open a process for both reading and writing
476 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
478 =item Locale::Constants
480 Constants for Locale codes
482 =item Locale::Country
484 ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
486 =item Locale::Currency
488 ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
490 =item Locale::Language
492 ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
494 =item Locale::Maketext
496 Framework for localization
498 =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
500 Article about software localization
504 Arbitrary size floating point math package
508 Arbitrary size integer math package
510 =item Math::BigInt::Calc
512 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
516 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
520 Trigonometric functions
524 Make your functions faster by trading space for time
526 =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
528 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
530 =item Memoize::Expire
532 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
534 =item Memoize::ExpireFile
536 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
538 =item Memoize::ExpireTest
540 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
542 =item Memoize::NDBM_File
544 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
546 =item Memoize::SDBM_File
548 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
550 =item Memoize::Storable
552 Store Memoized data in Storable database
556 Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
560 Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
564 Local configuration data for libnet
568 Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
580 OO interface to users netrc file
584 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
588 Check a remote host for reachability
592 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
596 Time and daytime network client interface
600 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
604 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
608 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
612 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
616 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
620 On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
624 Check pod documents for syntax errors
628 Find POD documents in directory trees
632 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
636 Module to convert pod files to HTML
638 =item Pod::InputObjects
640 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
644 Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
648 Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
652 Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
654 =item Pod::ParseUtils
656 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
660 Base class for creating POD filters and translators
664 Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
668 Extract selected sections of POD from input
672 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
674 =item Pod::Text::Color
676 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
678 =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
680 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
682 =item Pod::Text::Termcap
684 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
688 Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
692 Test of various basic POD features in translators.
696 Search for key in dictionary file
700 Save and restore selected file handle
704 Load functions only on demand
708 Run shell commands transparently within perl
712 A switch statement for Perl
716 Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
718 =item Term::ANSIColor
720 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
724 Perl termcap interface
728 Perl word completion module
732 Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
736 Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
740 Backend for building test libraries
744 Run perl standard test scripts with statistics
748 Yet another framework for writing test scripts
752 Basic utilities for writing tests.
756 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
760 Create an abbreviation table from a list
764 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
766 =item Text::ParseWords
768 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
772 Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
776 Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
780 Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
784 Manipulate threads in Perl
788 Base class for tied arrays
792 Base class definitions for tied handles
796 Base class definitions for tied hashes
800 Use references as hash keys
804 Base class definitions for tied scalars
806 =item Tie::SubstrHash
808 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
812 Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
816 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
818 =item Time::localtime
820 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
824 Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
828 Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
830 =item Unicode::Collate
832 Use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
836 Unicode character database
840 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
844 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
848 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
852 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
853 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
856 % find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print
858 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
859 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
860 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
861 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
862 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
863 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
864 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
866 =head2 Extension Modules
868 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
869 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
870 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
871 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
873 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
874 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
875 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
876 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
877 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
878 like Alta Vista or Deja News.
882 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
883 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
884 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
885 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
886 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/.
888 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
889 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
896 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
904 Operating System Interfaces
908 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
912 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
924 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
928 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
932 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
936 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
940 Internationalization and Locale
944 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
948 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
952 Server and Daemon Utilities
956 Archiving and Compression
960 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
968 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
972 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
976 Miscellaneous Modules
980 Registered CPAN sites as of this writing include the following.
981 You should try to choose one close to you:
991 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
992 ftp://ftp.mweb.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/
993 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
994 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/
1006 ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1007 http://www2.linuxforum.net/mirror/CPAN/
1008 http://CPAN.pacific.net.hk/
1009 ftp://ftp.pacific.net.hk/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1010 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
1011 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
1017 http://cpan.in.freeos.com
1018 ftp://cpan.in.freeos.com/pub/CPAN/
1024 http://cpan.itb.web.id/
1025 ftp://mirrors.piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
1026 http://CPAN.mweb.co.id/
1027 ftp://ftp.mweb.co.id/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1033 http://www.iglu.org.il:/pub/CPAN/
1034 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
1035 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
1036 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1037 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1043 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
1044 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
1045 http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1046 ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1047 ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1048 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1049 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
1050 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1056 http://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN
1057 ftp://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN
1063 http://www.adzu.edu.ph/CPAN
1069 http://cpan.tomsk.ru
1070 ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/pub/CPAN
1076 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
1082 http://cpan.hjc.edu.sg
1088 http://CPAN.bora.net/
1089 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
1090 http://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
1091 ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
1092 ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/
1098 ftp://coda.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
1099 ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub/perl/CPAN/
1100 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
1101 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1102 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1108 http://download.nectec.or.th/CPAN/
1109 ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/languages/CPAN/
1110 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1114 =head2 Central America
1122 ftp://ftp.linux.co.cr/mirrors/CPAN/
1123 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
1124 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
1136 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
1142 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
1143 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
1144 http://cpan.skynet.be
1145 ftp://ftp.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
1146 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1152 ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1158 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
1164 http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1165 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1166 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1172 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
1173 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
1174 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
1175 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1181 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1182 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1183 http://cpan.crazygreek.co.uk
1184 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
1185 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1186 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
1187 ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/
1188 http://mirror.uklinux.net/CPAN/
1189 ftp://mirror.uklinux.net/pub/CPAN/
1190 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
1196 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1202 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1203 http://cpan.kpnqwest.fi/
1209 ftp://cpan.ftp.worldonline.fr/pub/CPAN/
1210 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
1211 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
1212 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1214 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1215 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1216 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
1217 http://cpan.cict.fr/
1218 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
1219 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1225 ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
1226 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1227 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
1228 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
1229 ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/CPAN/
1230 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1231 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1232 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
1233 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
1234 http://cpan.noris.de/
1235 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
1236 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
1237 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
1243 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1244 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1250 http://cpan.artifact.hu/
1251 ftp://cpan.artifact.hu/CPAN/
1252 http://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/CPAN/
1253 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/CPAN/
1259 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
1260 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
1266 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
1267 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
1268 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1269 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1275 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
1276 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
1277 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
1278 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
1279 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
1280 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/
1281 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
1282 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
1283 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
1284 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
1290 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
1296 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
1302 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1303 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
1304 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1305 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
1306 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/cpan/
1307 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
1308 http://www.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1309 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1315 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1316 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
1322 ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1323 http://www.fic.uni.lodz.pl/pub/CPAN
1324 ftp://ftp.fic.uni.lodz.pl/pub/CPAN
1325 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.com/
1326 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
1327 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
1333 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
1334 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
1336 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/perl/
1337 ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
1339 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
1340 ftp://ftp.netc.pt/pub/CPAN/
1341 ftp://ftp.up.pt/pub/CPAN
1347 ftp://archive.logicnet.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1348 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1349 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
1350 ftp://ftp.opsynet.com/cpan/
1351 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
1352 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
1353 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1359 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1360 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
1361 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1362 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
1363 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
1364 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1370 ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1376 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
1382 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
1383 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
1389 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
1390 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
1391 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
1392 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1398 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
1399 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
1405 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
1413 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
1417 =head2 North America
1431 http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1432 ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1438 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1439 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1445 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
1451 ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/CPAN/
1457 http://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/
1458 ftp://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/pub/CPAN
1466 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
1467 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
1468 http://cpan.unam.mx/
1469 ftp://cpan.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
1470 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
1471 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
1483 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1484 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1490 http://www.cpan.org/
1491 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
1492 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
1493 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
1494 ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/
1495 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
1496 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
1497 http://cpan.digisle.net/
1498 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
1499 http://www.linuxjar.com/CPAN
1500 ftp://linuxjar.com/pub/CPAN
1501 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
1502 http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1508 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1512 District of Columbia
1514 ftp://ftp.dc.us.telia.net/pub/cpan/
1520 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1521 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1522 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1528 http://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1529 ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1535 ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1536 http://cpan.nitco.com/
1537 ftp://cpan.nitco.com/pub/CPAN/
1538 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
1539 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
1540 ftp://cpan.in-span.net/
1541 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1542 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1548 http://cpan.uky.edu/
1549 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
1555 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1556 http://cpan.mirrors.netnumina.com/
1557 ftp://mirrors.netnumina.com/cpan/
1558 ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/
1564 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1570 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
1576 ftp://ftp.freesoftware.com/pub/perl/CPAN/
1577 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
1578 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1579 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1580 ftp://mirrors.cloud9.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1586 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
1592 ftp://ftp.loaded.net/pub/CPAN/
1598 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
1604 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
1610 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
1611 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
1612 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
1613 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
1614 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1620 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
1626 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1632 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
1638 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1639 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1640 ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1641 http://perl.Liquidation.com/CPAN/
1647 http://cpan.llarian.net/
1648 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
1649 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
1650 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
1651 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
1665 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1666 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1667 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
1668 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
1673 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
1677 =head2 South America
1685 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
1691 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
1692 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
1698 ftp://ftp.psinet.cl/pub/programming/perl/CPAN/
1699 ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/perl/
1704 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
1705 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
1707 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1709 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
1710 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
1712 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
1713 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
1714 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
1715 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
1716 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
1717 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
1719 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
1720 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
1721 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
1722 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
1723 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
1724 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
1725 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
1726 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
1727 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
1729 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
1735 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
1737 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
1738 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
1739 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
1740 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
1741 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
1742 with command line options.
1744 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
1745 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
1746 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
1747 scheme as the original author.
1751 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1753 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1754 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1755 of code that need less warnings.
1757 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1758 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1763 return bless {}, $class;
1766 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1767 or a virtual method.
1771 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1772 return bless {}, $class;
1775 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1776 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1777 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1778 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1780 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1781 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1782 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1783 class names as far as possible.
1785 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1786 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
1788 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1789 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1790 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1792 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1794 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1795 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1796 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1797 does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
1798 into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
1800 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1801 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1802 information in objects.
1806 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1807 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1808 of code that need less strictness.
1812 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
1818 Some simple style guidelines
1820 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1822 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1823 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
1824 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
1825 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
1827 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
1828 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
1829 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
1830 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
1832 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
1833 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
1834 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
1835 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
1837 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
1838 or nature of a variable. For example:
1840 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
1841 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
1842 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
1844 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
1845 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
1847 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
1848 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
1852 Select what to export.
1854 Do NOT export method names!
1856 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
1858 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
1859 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
1860 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
1862 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
1863 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
1864 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
1865 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
1867 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
1868 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
1869 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
1872 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
1873 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
1874 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
1878 Select a name for the module.
1880 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
1881 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
1882 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
1883 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
1884 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
1885 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
1886 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
1888 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
1889 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
1890 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
1891 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
1893 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
1894 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
1895 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
1896 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
1898 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
1899 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
1902 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
1903 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
1904 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
1905 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
1906 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
1908 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
1909 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
1910 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
1914 Have you got it right?
1916 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
1917 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
1918 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
1920 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
1921 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
1922 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
1924 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
1925 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
1926 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
1927 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
1929 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
1930 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
1931 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
1935 README and other Additional Files.
1937 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
1938 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
1939 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
1940 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
1946 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
1950 A copyright notice - see below.
1954 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
1958 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
1966 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
1970 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
1974 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
1975 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
1982 Adding a Copyright Notice.
1984 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
1985 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
1986 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
1988 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU
1989 GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and
1990 Artistic). Larry has good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
1992 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
1993 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
1995 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
1996 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
1997 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
1999 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
2000 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
2001 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
2005 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2007 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
2008 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
2009 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
2010 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
2011 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
2012 See L<Exporter> for details.
2014 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
2015 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
2016 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
2017 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2021 How to release and distribute a module.
2023 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
2024 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
2025 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
2028 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
2029 include details of its location in your announcement.
2031 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
2032 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
2033 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
2034 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
2035 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
2036 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
2037 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
2040 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
2042 Follow the instructions and links on:
2044 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
2045 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2047 or upload to one of these sites:
2049 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
2050 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
2052 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
2054 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
2055 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
2058 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
2062 Take care when changing a released module.
2064 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
2065 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
2066 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
2072 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2078 There is no requirement to convert anything.
2080 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
2081 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
2082 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
2083 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
2087 Consider the implications.
2089 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
2090 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
2091 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
2095 Make the most of the opportunity.
2097 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2098 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2099 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2103 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2105 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2106 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2112 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2116 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2120 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2124 Several other minor changes
2128 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2129 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2130 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2134 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2140 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2144 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2146 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2151 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2155 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2159 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2161 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
2162 the application could invoked as:
2164 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2166 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2172 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
2173 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
2174 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
2175 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
2176 because it has a shotgun.
2178 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2179 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2180 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2181 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2182 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
2183 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.