2 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
8 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
10 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
11 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
12 files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
13 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
14 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
15 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
16 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
17 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
18 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
19 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
20 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
21 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
22 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
24 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
26 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
27 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
28 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
29 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
36 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
38 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
39 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
40 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
41 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
42 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
43 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
46 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
52 Select assertions in blocks of code
54 =item assertions::activate
58 =item assertions::compat
60 Assertions for pre-5.9 versions of perl
64 Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
68 Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
72 Postpone load of modules until a function is used
76 Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
80 Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
84 Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
88 Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
92 Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
96 Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
100 Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes
108 Produce verbose warning diagnostics
112 Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
114 =item encoding::warnings
116 Warn on implicit encoding conversions
120 Enable new syntactic features
124 Compile-time class fields
128 Control the filetest permission operators
132 C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
136 Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
140 Request less of something from the compiler
144 Manipulate @INC at compile time
148 Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
152 Set default PerlIO layers for input and output
156 Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
160 Package for overloading Perl operations
164 Alter regular expression behaviour
168 Enable simple signal handling
172 Control sort() behaviour
176 Restrict unsafe constructs
184 Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl
186 =item threads::shared
188 Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
192 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
196 Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
200 Perl extension for Version Objects
204 Control VMS-specific language features
208 Control optional warnings
210 =item warnings::register
212 Warnings import function
216 =head2 Standard Modules
218 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
219 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
220 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
222 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
223 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
224 don't have the gdbm library.
230 Provide framework for multiple DBMs
234 Module for manipulations of tar archives
236 =item Archive::Tar::File
238 A subclass for in-memory extracted file from Archive::Tar
240 =item Attribute::Handlers
242 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
246 Load subroutines only on demand
250 Split a package for autoloading
258 Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode
262 Assemble Perl bytecode
270 Perl compiler's bytecode backend
274 Perl compiler's C backend
278 Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
282 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
286 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
290 Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
292 =item B::Disassembler
294 Disassemble Perl bytecode
302 Show lexical variables used in functions or files
306 Helper module for CC backend
310 Show what stashes are loaded
314 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
318 Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
322 Benchmark running times of Perl code
326 Load byte compiled perl code
330 Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
334 Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
338 CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
342 Interface to Netscape Cookies
346 CGI Interface for Fast CGI
350 Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
354 Simple Interface to Server Push
358 Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
362 Internal utilities used by CGI module
366 Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
368 =item CPAN::FirstTime
370 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
374 Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
378 Utility functions to compare CPAN versions
382 Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
386 Heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
390 Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
394 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
398 Interface to zlib compression library
400 =item Compress::Zlib::pod::FAQ
402 Frequently Asked Questions about Compress::Zlib
406 Access Perl configuration information
410 Get pathname of current working directory
414 Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
418 Filter DBM keys/values
422 Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
426 Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval>
434 Perl/Pollution/Portability
438 A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
440 =item Devel::SelfStubber
442 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
446 Modules that calculate message digests
450 Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
458 Calculate digests of files
462 Supply object methods for directory handles
466 Provides screen dump of Perl data.
470 Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
478 Alias definitions to encodings
482 Single Byte Encodings
484 =item Encode::CJKConstants
486 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
490 China-based Chinese Encodings
494 Internally used by Encode::CN
498 Internally used by Encode
504 =item Encode::Encoder
506 Object Oriented Encoder
508 =item Encode::Encoding
510 Encode Implementation Base Class
514 Guesses encoding from data
520 =item Encode::JP::H2Z
522 Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
524 =item Encode::JP::JIS7
526 Internally used by Encode::JP
532 =item Encode::KR::2022_KR
534 Internally used by Encode::KR
536 =item Encode::MIME::Header
538 MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
542 A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
544 =item Encode::Supported
546 Encodings supported by Encode
554 Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
556 =item Encode::Unicode
558 Various Unicode Transformation Formats
560 =item Encode::Unicode::UTF7
566 Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
570 Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
574 System errno constants
578 Implements default import method for modules
580 =item Exporter::Heavy
584 =item ExtUtils::CBuilder
586 Compile and link C code for Perl modules
588 =item ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows
590 Builder class for Windows platforms
592 =item ExtUtils::Command
594 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
596 =item ExtUtils::Command::MM
598 Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
600 =item ExtUtils::Constant
602 Generate XS code to import C header constants
604 =item ExtUtils::Constant::Base
606 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
608 =item ExtUtils::Constant::Utils
610 Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
612 =item ExtUtils::Constant::XS
614 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
616 =item ExtUtils::Embed
618 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
620 =item ExtUtils::Install
622 Install files from here to there
624 =item ExtUtils::Installed
626 Inventory management of installed modules
628 =item ExtUtils::Liblist
630 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
634 OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
636 =item ExtUtils::MM_AIX
638 AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
640 =item ExtUtils::MM_Any
642 Platform-agnostic MM methods
644 =item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
646 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
648 =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
650 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
652 =item ExtUtils::MM_DOS
654 DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
656 =item ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
658 Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
660 =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
662 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
664 =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
666 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
668 =item ExtUtils::MM_QNX
670 QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
672 =item ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
674 U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
676 =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
678 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
680 =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
682 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
684 =item ExtUtils::MM_VOS
686 VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
688 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
690 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
692 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win95
694 Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
698 ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
700 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
702 Create a module Makefile
704 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config
706 Wrapper around Config.pm
708 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ
710 Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
712 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial
714 Writing a module with MakeMaker
716 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes
718 Version-agnostic bytes.pm
720 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish
722 Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
724 =item ExtUtils::Manifest
726 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
728 =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
730 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
732 =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
734 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
736 =item ExtUtils::Packlist
738 Manage .packlist files
740 =item ExtUtils::ParseXS
742 Converts Perl XS code into C code
744 =item ExtUtils::testlib
746 Add blib/* directories to @INC
750 Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
754 Load the C Fcntl.h defines
758 Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
760 =item File::CheckTree
762 Run many filetest checks on a tree
766 Compare files or filehandles
770 Copy files or filehandles
774 DOS like globbing and then some
778 Traverse a directory tree.
782 Perl extension for BSD glob routine
784 =item File::GlobMapper
786 Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
790 Create or remove directory trees
794 Portably perform operations on file names
796 =item File::Spec::Cygwin
798 Methods for Cygwin file specs
800 =item File::Spec::Epoc
802 Methods for Epoc file specs
804 =item File::Spec::Functions
806 Portably perform operations on file names
808 =item File::Spec::Mac
810 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
812 =item File::Spec::OS2
814 Methods for OS/2 file specs
816 =item File::Spec::Unix
818 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
820 =item File::Spec::VMS
822 Methods for VMS file specs
824 =item File::Spec::Win32
826 Methods for Win32 file specs
830 Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
834 By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
838 Keep more files open than the system permits
842 Supply object methods for filehandles
846 Simplified source filtering
848 =item Filter::Util::Call
850 Perl Source Filter Utility Module
854 Locate directory of original perl script
858 Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
862 Extended processing of command line options
866 Process single-character switches with switch clustering
870 A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
874 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
878 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
880 =item I18N::LangTags::Detect
882 Detect the user's language preferences
884 =item I18N::LangTags::List
886 Tags and names for human languages
890 Query locale information
894 Load various IO modules
896 =item IO::Compress::Deflate
898 Perl interface to write RFC 1950 files/buffers
900 =item IO::Compress::Gzip
902 Perl interface to write RFC 1952 files/buffers
904 =item IO::Compress::RawDeflate
906 Perl interface to write RFC 1951 files/buffers
910 Supply object methods for directory handles
914 Supply object methods for filehandles
918 Supply object methods for I/O handles
922 Supply object methods for pipes
926 Object interface to system poll call
930 Supply seek based methods for I/O objects
934 OO interface to the select system call
938 Object interface to socket communications
940 =item IO::Socket::INET
942 Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
944 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
946 Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
948 =item IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate
950 Perl interface to read RFC 1950, 1951 & 1952 files/buffers
952 =item IO::Uncompress::Gunzip
954 Perl interface to read RFC 1952 files/buffers
956 =item IO::Uncompress::Inflate
958 Perl interface to read RFC 1950 files/buffers
960 =item IO::Uncompress::RawInflate
962 Perl interface to read RFC 1951 files/buffers
966 IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib>
970 Open a process for both reading and writing
974 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
982 SysV Msg IPC object class
984 =item IPC::SysV::Semaphore
986 SysV Semaphore IPC object class
990 A selection of general-utility list subroutines
992 =item Locale::Constants
994 Constants for Locale codes
996 =item Locale::Country
998 ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
1000 =item Locale::Currency
1002 ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
1004 =item Locale::Language
1006 ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
1008 =item Locale::Maketext
1010 Framework for localization
1012 =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
1014 Article about software localization
1016 =item Locale::Script
1018 ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
1022 Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
1024 =item MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint
1026 Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
1028 =item Math::BigFloat
1030 Arbitrary size floating point math package
1034 Arbitrary size integer/float math package
1036 =item Math::BigInt::Calc
1038 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
1040 =item Math::BigInt::CalcEmu
1042 Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
1044 =item Math::BigInt::FastCalc
1046 Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more speed
1050 Arbitrary big rational numbers
1054 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
1058 Trigonometric functions
1062 Make functions faster by trading space for time
1064 =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
1066 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
1068 =item Memoize::Expire
1070 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
1072 =item Memoize::ExpireFile
1074 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
1076 =item Memoize::ExpireTest
1078 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
1080 =item Memoize::NDBM_File
1082 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
1084 =item Memoize::SDBM_File
1086 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
1088 =item Memoize::Storable
1090 Store Memoized data in Storable database
1092 =item Module::CoreList
1094 What modules shipped with versions of perl
1098 Tied access to ndbm files
1102 Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redispatch
1106 Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
1110 Local configuration data for libnet
1114 Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
1126 OO interface to users netrc file
1130 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
1134 Check a remote host for reachability
1138 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
1142 Time and daytime network client interface
1146 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
1148 =item Net::libnetFAQ
1150 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
1154 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
1158 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
1162 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
1166 Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
1170 Tied access to odbm files
1174 Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
1178 Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
1182 On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
1184 =item PerlIO::encoding
1188 =item PerlIO::scalar
1190 In-memory IO, scalar IO
1194 Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
1196 =item PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
1198 PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
1202 Check pod documents for syntax errors
1206 For resolving Pod EE<lt>...E<gt> sequences
1210 Find POD documents in directory trees
1212 =item Pod::Functions
1214 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
1218 Module to convert pod files to HTML
1220 =item Pod::InputObjects
1222 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
1226 Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
1230 Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
1232 =item Pod::ParseLink
1234 Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
1236 =item Pod::ParseUtils
1238 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
1242 Base class for creating POD filters and translators
1244 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
1246 Let Perldoc check Pod for errors
1248 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
1250 Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
1252 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
1254 Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
1256 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
1258 Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
1260 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
1262 Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
1264 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToText
1266 Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
1268 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
1270 Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
1272 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
1274 Let Perldoc render Pod as XML
1276 =item Pod::PlainText
1278 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1282 Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
1286 Extract selected sections of POD from input
1290 Framework for parsing Pod
1292 =item Pod::Simple::Checker
1294 Check the Pod syntax of a document
1296 =item Pod::Simple::Debug
1298 Put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode
1300 =item Pod::Simple::DumpAsText
1302 Dump Pod-parsing events as text
1304 =item Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML
1308 =item Pod::Simple::HTML
1312 =item Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch
1314 Convert several Pod files to several HTML files
1316 =item Pod::Simple::LinkSection
1318 Represent "section" attributes of L codes
1320 =item Pod::Simple::Methody
1322 Turn Pod::Simple events into method calls
1324 =item Pod::Simple::PullParser
1326 A pull-parser interface to parsing Pod
1328 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken
1330 End-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1332 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken
1334 Start-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1336 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken
1338 Text-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1340 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserToken
1342 Tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1344 =item Pod::Simple::RTF
1348 =item Pod::Simple::Search
1350 Find POD documents in directory trees
1352 =item Pod::Simple::SimpleTree
1354 Parse Pod into a simple parse tree
1356 =item Pod::Simple::Subclassing
1358 Write a formatter as a Pod::Simple subclass
1360 =item Pod::Simple::Text
1362 Format Pod as plaintext
1364 =item Pod::Simple::TextContent
1366 Get the text content of Pod
1368 =item Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream
1374 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1376 =item Pod::Text::Color
1378 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
1380 =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
1382 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
1384 =item Pod::Text::Termcap
1386 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
1390 Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
1394 Tied access to sdbm files
1398 Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
1402 A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
1406 Search for key in dictionary file
1410 Save and restore selected file handle
1414 Load functions only on demand
1418 Run shell commands transparently within perl
1422 Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
1426 Persistence for Perl data structures
1430 A switch statement for Perl
1434 Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
1438 Try every conceivable way to get hostname
1442 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
1444 =item Term::ANSIColor
1446 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
1450 Perl termcap interface
1452 =item Term::Complete
1454 Perl word completion module
1456 =item Term::ReadLine
1458 Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
1462 Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
1466 Backend for building test libraries
1468 =item Test::Builder::Module
1470 Base class for test modules
1472 =item Test::Builder::Tester
1474 Test testsuites that have been built with
1476 =item Test::Builder::Tester::Color
1478 Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester
1482 Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
1484 =item Test::Harness::Assert
1488 =item Test::Harness::Iterator
1490 Internal Test::Harness Iterator
1492 =item Test::Harness::Point
1494 Object for tracking a single test point
1496 =item Test::Harness::Straps
1498 Detailed analysis of test results
1500 =item Test::Harness::TAP
1502 Documentation for the TAP format
1506 Yet another framework for writing test scripts
1510 Basic utilities for writing tests.
1512 =item Test::Tutorial
1514 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
1518 Create an abbreviation table from a list
1520 =item Text::Balanced
1522 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
1524 =item Text::ParseWords
1526 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
1530 Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
1534 Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
1538 Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
1542 Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
1548 =item Thread::Semaphore
1550 Thread-safe semaphores
1552 =item Thread::Signal
1554 Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably (for old code)
1556 =item Thread::Specific
1558 Thread-specific keys
1562 Base class for tied arrays
1566 Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
1570 Base class definitions for tied handles
1574 Base class definitions for tied hashes
1578 Add data to hash when needed
1582 Use references as hash keys
1586 Base class definitions for tied scalars
1588 =item Tie::SubstrHash
1590 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
1594 High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers
1598 Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
1602 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
1604 =item Time::localtime
1606 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
1610 Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
1614 Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
1616 =item Unicode::Collate
1618 Unicode Collation Algorithm
1620 =item Unicode::Normalize
1622 Unicode Normalization Forms
1626 Unicode character database
1630 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
1634 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
1642 Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
1646 Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
1650 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
1651 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
1652 just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
1653 double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
1655 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
1656 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
1657 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
1659 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
1660 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
1661 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
1662 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
1663 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
1664 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
1665 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
1666 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
1668 Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
1669 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
1670 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
1673 =head2 Extension Modules
1675 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
1676 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
1677 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
1678 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1680 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1681 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
1682 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
1683 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
1684 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
1685 like Alta Vista or Google.
1689 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1690 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1691 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1692 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
1693 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
1695 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1696 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1703 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1711 Operating System Interfaces
1715 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1719 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1731 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1735 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1739 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1743 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1747 Internationalization and Locale
1751 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1755 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1759 Server and Daemon Utilities
1763 Archiving and Compression
1767 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1771 Mail and Usenet News
1775 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1779 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1783 Miscellaneous Modules
1787 The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
1788 Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
1794 |-->[state/province]
1800 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
1801 European and the South American sites.
1803 You should try to choose one close to you.
1811 http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
1812 ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
1813 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
1814 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1815 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/
1825 http://cpan.linuxforum.net/
1826 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
1827 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
1828 ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN
1832 http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/
1833 http://cpan.cbn.net.id/
1834 ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN
1838 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
1839 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
1840 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1841 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1845 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
1846 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
1847 ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/
1848 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1850 ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/
1851 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
1852 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1856 http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my
1857 http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN
1858 http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN
1860 =item Russian Federation
1862 http://cpan.tomsk.ru
1863 ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/
1867 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
1871 http://CPAN.en.com.sg/
1872 ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/
1873 http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
1874 ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
1875 http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
1876 ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
1880 http://CPAN.bora.net/
1881 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
1882 http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN
1883 ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN
1887 ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
1888 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
1889 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
1890 http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
1891 ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
1892 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
1893 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1894 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1898 ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/
1899 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1903 =head2 Central America
1909 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
1910 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
1920 http://cpan.inode.at/
1922 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
1926 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
1927 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
1928 http://cpan.skynet.be
1929 ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
1930 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1932 =item Bosnia and Herzegovina
1934 http://cpan.blic.net/
1938 http://cpan.online.bg
1939 ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan
1940 http://cpan.zadnik.org
1941 ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/
1942 http://cpan.lirex.net/
1943 ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN
1947 http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
1948 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
1950 =item Czech Republic
1952 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1953 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1957 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
1958 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
1959 http://cpan.cybercity.dk
1960 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
1961 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1965 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1969 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1970 http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
1974 http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN
1975 http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
1976 ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
1977 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
1978 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
1979 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1981 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1982 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1983 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
1984 http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
1985 ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
1986 http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
1987 ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
1988 http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
1989 ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
1990 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
1991 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1995 ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
1996 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1997 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
1998 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
1999 http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
2000 ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
2001 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2002 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2003 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
2004 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
2005 http://cpan.noris.de/
2006 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
2007 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
2008 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
2012 ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl
2013 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2014 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
2018 http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/
2019 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
2023 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
2024 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
2028 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
2029 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
2030 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2031 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2032 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
2033 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
2037 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
2038 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
2039 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
2040 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
2041 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
2042 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/
2043 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
2044 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
2045 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
2046 http://cpan.flashnet.it/
2047 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
2051 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
2055 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
2059 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2060 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
2061 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2062 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
2063 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN
2064 ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/
2065 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
2066 http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
2067 ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
2068 http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
2069 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
2073 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2074 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
2078 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN
2079 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
2080 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2084 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
2085 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
2086 http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
2087 ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
2088 ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN
2089 http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2090 ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2092 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
2093 http://cpan.telepac.pt/
2094 ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/
2098 ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN
2099 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
2100 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
2101 ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/
2102 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
2103 ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2104 http://cpan.ambra.ro/
2105 ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN
2106 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
2107 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
2108 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
2112 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2113 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
2114 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2115 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
2116 ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/
2117 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
2118 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2122 ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
2126 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
2130 http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/
2131 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2132 ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN
2133 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
2137 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
2138 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
2139 http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN
2140 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
2141 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2145 http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
2146 ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2147 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
2148 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2152 http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/
2153 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN
2154 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
2160 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
2161 http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/
2162 ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/
2164 =item United Kingdom
2166 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2167 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2168 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
2169 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
2170 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
2171 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2172 http://cpan.etla.org/
2173 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
2174 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
2175 http://cpan.m.flirble.org/
2176 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2177 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
2178 http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/
2179 http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/
2180 ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/
2181 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
2185 =head2 North America
2195 http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
2196 ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
2200 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
2201 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
2205 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
2209 ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
2215 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
2216 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
2217 http://www.cpan.unam.mx/
2218 ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
2219 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
2220 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
2228 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
2229 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
2233 http://cpan.develooper.com/
2234 http://www.cpan.org/
2235 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
2236 http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2237 ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2238 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
2239 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
2240 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
2241 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
2242 http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
2243 ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
2244 http://cpan.digisle.net/
2245 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
2246 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
2247 http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN
2251 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2252 http://cpan.four10.com
2256 http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
2257 ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
2259 =item District of Columbia
2261 ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/
2265 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2266 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2267 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2268 http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/
2272 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2273 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
2274 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2275 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
2276 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
2277 http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
2278 ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
2279 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
2280 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
2284 http://cpan.uky.edu/
2285 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
2286 http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan
2287 ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN
2291 http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN
2292 ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN
2293 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2297 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
2298 http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
2299 ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
2303 http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
2304 ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
2308 http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
2309 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
2310 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
2311 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
2315 http://cpan.belfry.net/
2316 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2317 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2318 http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
2319 ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
2320 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
2321 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
2322 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
2324 =item North Carolina
2326 http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2327 ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2328 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
2329 ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2333 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
2337 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
2341 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
2342 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
2343 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
2344 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
2345 http://cpan.pair.com/
2346 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
2347 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2351 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
2355 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2356 http://www.binarycode.org/cpan
2357 ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN
2358 http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN
2362 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
2366 http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
2367 ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
2368 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
2369 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
2370 http://perl.secsup.org/
2371 ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
2372 http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/
2376 http://cpan.llarian.net/
2377 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
2378 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
2379 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
2380 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
2384 http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
2385 ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
2386 http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN
2387 ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN
2399 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
2400 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
2401 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
2402 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
2403 http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au
2407 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
2411 http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
2412 ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
2416 =head2 South America
2422 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
2423 http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
2424 ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
2428 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
2429 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
2430 http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
2431 ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
2435 http://cpan.netglobalis.net/
2436 ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/
2440 =head2 RSYNC Mirrors
2442 www.linux.org.ar::cpan
2443 theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
2444 ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
2445 rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
2446 ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
2448 rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN
2449 ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
2451 ftp.cbn.net.id::CPAN
2452 rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2453 ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
2454 gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
2455 ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
2456 ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
2457 mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN
2458 rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN
2459 mirror.averse.net::cpan
2460 rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
2461 ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN
2463 cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN
2464 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
2465 rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
2468 cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
2469 aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN
2470 archive.progeny.com::CPAN
2471 rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN
2472 mirror.aphix.com::CPAN
2473 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
2474 ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
2475 mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
2476 mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
2478 cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
2479 mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
2480 csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN
2482 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
2483 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
2485 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2487 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
2488 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
2490 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
2491 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
2492 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
2493 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
2494 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
2495 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
2497 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
2498 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
2499 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
2500 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
2501 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
2502 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
2503 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
2504 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
2505 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
2507 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
2513 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
2515 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
2516 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
2517 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
2518 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
2519 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
2520 with command line options.
2522 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
2523 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
2524 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
2525 scheme as the original author.
2529 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
2531 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
2532 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
2533 of code that need less warnings.
2535 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
2536 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
2541 return bless {}, $class;
2544 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
2545 or a virtual method.
2549 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
2550 return bless {}, $class;
2553 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
2554 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
2555 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
2556 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
2558 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
2559 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
2560 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
2561 class names as far as possible.
2563 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
2564 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
2566 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
2567 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
2568 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
2570 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
2572 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
2573 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
2574 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
2575 does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
2576 into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
2578 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
2579 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
2580 information in objects.
2584 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
2585 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
2586 of code that need less strictness.
2590 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
2596 Some simple style guidelines
2598 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
2600 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
2601 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
2602 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
2603 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
2605 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
2606 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
2607 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
2608 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
2610 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
2611 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
2612 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
2613 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
2615 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
2616 or nature of a variable. For example:
2618 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
2619 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
2620 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
2622 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
2623 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
2625 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
2626 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
2630 Select what to export.
2632 Do NOT export method names!
2634 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
2636 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
2637 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
2638 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
2640 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
2641 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
2642 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
2643 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
2645 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
2646 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
2647 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
2650 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
2651 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
2652 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
2656 Select a name for the module.
2658 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
2659 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
2660 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
2661 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
2662 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
2663 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
2664 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
2666 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
2667 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
2668 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
2669 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
2671 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
2672 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
2673 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
2674 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
2676 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
2677 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
2680 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
2681 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
2682 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
2683 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
2684 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
2686 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
2687 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
2688 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
2692 Have you got it right?
2694 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
2695 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
2696 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
2698 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
2699 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
2700 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
2702 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
2703 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
2704 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
2705 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
2707 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
2708 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
2709 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
2713 README and other Additional Files.
2715 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
2716 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
2717 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2718 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2724 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2728 A copyright notice - see below.
2732 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2736 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2744 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
2748 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2752 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2753 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2760 Adding a Copyright Notice.
2762 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2763 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2764 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2766 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
2767 and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
2768 or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
2769 just using the GNU GPL.
2771 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
2772 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2774 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2775 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2776 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2778 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
2779 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
2780 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
2784 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2786 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
2787 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
2788 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
2789 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
2790 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
2791 See L<Exporter> for details.
2793 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
2794 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
2795 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
2796 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2800 How to release and distribute a module.
2802 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
2803 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
2804 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
2807 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
2808 include details of its location in your announcement.
2810 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
2811 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
2812 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
2813 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
2814 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
2815 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
2816 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
2819 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
2821 Follow the instructions and links on:
2823 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
2824 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2826 or upload to one of these sites:
2828 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
2829 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
2831 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
2833 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
2834 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
2837 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
2841 Take care when changing a released module.
2843 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
2844 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
2845 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
2851 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2857 There is no requirement to convert anything.
2859 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
2860 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
2861 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
2862 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
2866 Consider the implications.
2868 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
2869 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
2870 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
2874 Make the most of the opportunity.
2876 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2877 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2878 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2882 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2884 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2885 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2891 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2895 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2899 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2903 Several other minor changes
2907 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2908 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2909 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2913 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2919 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2923 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2925 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2930 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2934 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2938 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2940 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
2941 the application could invoked as:
2943 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2945 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2951 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
2952 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
2953 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
2954 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
2955 because it has a shotgun.
2957 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2958 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2959 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2960 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2961 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
2962 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.