2 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
10 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
12 Many modules are included the Perl distribution. These are described
13 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
14 file (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
15 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
16 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
17 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
18 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
19 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
20 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
21 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
22 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
23 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
24 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
26 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
28 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
29 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
30 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
31 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
38 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
40 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
41 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
42 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
43 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
44 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
45 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
48 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
54 Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
58 Postpone load of modules until a function is used
62 Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
66 Transparent big integer support for Perl
70 Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
74 Transparent BigNumber/BigRationale support for Perl
78 Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
82 Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
86 Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes.
94 Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
98 Pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into Unicode
102 Compile-time class fields
106 Control the filetest permission operators
110 C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
114 Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
118 Request less of something from the compiler
122 Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
126 Set default disciplines for input and output
130 Package for overloading perl operations
134 Alter regular expression behaviour
138 Enable simple signal handling
142 Control sort() behaviour
146 Restrict unsafe constructs
154 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
158 Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
162 Control VMS-specific language features
166 Control optional warnings
168 =item warnings::register
170 Warnings import function
174 =head2 Standard Modules
176 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
177 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
178 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
184 Provide framework for multiple DBMs
186 =item Attribute::Handlers
188 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
192 Load subroutines only on demand
196 Split a package for autoloading
200 Benchmark running times of Perl code
204 Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
208 Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
212 CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
216 Interface to Netscape Cookies
220 CGI Interface for Fast CGI
224 Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
228 Simple Interface to Server Push
232 Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
236 Internal utilities used by CGI module
240 Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
242 =item CPAN::FirstTime
244 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
248 Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
252 Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
256 No user serviceable parts inside
260 Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
264 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
268 Get pathname of current working directory
272 Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
274 =item Devel::SelfStubber
276 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
280 Modules that calculate message digests
284 Supply object methods for directory handles
288 Provides screen dump of Perl data.
292 Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
296 Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
300 Implements default import method for modules
302 =item Exporter::Heavy
306 =item ExtUtils::Command
308 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
310 =item ExtUtils::Constant
312 Generate XS code to import C header constants
314 =item ExtUtils::Embed
316 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
318 =item ExtUtils::Install
320 Install files from here to there
322 =item ExtUtils::Installed
324 Inventory management of installed modules
326 =item ExtUtils::Liblist
328 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
330 =item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
332 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
334 =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
336 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
338 =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
340 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
342 =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
344 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
346 =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
348 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
350 =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
352 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
354 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
356 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
358 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
360 Create an extension Makefile
362 =item ExtUtils::Manifest
364 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
366 =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
368 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
370 =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
372 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
374 =item ExtUtils::Packlist
376 Manage .packlist files
378 =item ExtUtils::testlib
380 Add blib/* directories to @INC
384 Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
388 Split a pathname into pieces
390 =item File::CheckTree
392 Run many filetest checks on a tree
396 Compare files or filehandles
400 Copy files or filehandles
404 DOS like globbing and then some
408 Traverse a directory tree.
412 Create or remove directory trees
416 Portably perform operations on file names
418 =item File::Spec::Cygwin
420 Methods for Cygwin file specs
422 =item File::Spec::Epoc
424 Methods for Epoc file specs
426 =item File::Spec::Functions
428 Portably perform operations on file names
430 =item File::Spec::Mac
432 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
434 =item File::Spec::OS2
436 Methods for OS/2 file specs
438 =item File::Spec::Unix
440 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
442 =item File::Spec::VMS
444 Methods for VMS file specs
446 =item File::Spec::Win32
448 Methods for Win32 file specs
452 Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
456 By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
460 Keep more files open than the system permits
464 Supply object methods for filehandles
468 Simplified source filtering
472 Locate directory of original perl script
476 Extended processing of command line options
480 Process single-character switches with switch clustering
484 A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
488 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
492 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
494 =item I18N::LangTags::List
496 Tags and names for human languages
500 Open a process for both reading and writing
504 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
506 =item Locale::Constants
508 Constants for Locale codes
510 =item Locale::Country
512 ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
514 =item Locale::Currency
516 ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
518 =item Locale::Language
520 ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
522 =item Locale::Maketext
524 Framework for localization
526 =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
528 Article about software localization
532 ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
536 Arbitrary size floating point math package
540 Arbitrary size integer math package
542 =item Math::BigInt::Calc
544 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
548 Arbitrarily big rationales
552 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
556 Trigonometric functions
560 Make your functions faster by trading space for time
562 =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
564 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
566 =item Memoize::Expire
568 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
570 =item Memoize::ExpireFile
572 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
574 =item Memoize::ExpireTest
576 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
578 =item Memoize::NDBM_File
580 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
582 =item Memoize::SDBM_File
584 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
586 =item Memoize::Storable
588 Store Memoized data in Storable database
592 Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
596 Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
600 Local configuration data for libnet
604 Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
616 OO interface to users netrc file
620 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
624 Check a remote host for reachability
628 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
632 Time and daytime network client interface
636 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
640 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
644 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
648 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
652 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
656 On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
660 Check pod documents for syntax errors
664 Find POD documents in directory trees
668 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
672 Module to convert pod files to HTML
674 =item Pod::InputObjects
676 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
680 Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
684 Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
688 Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
690 =item Pod::ParseUtils
692 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
696 Base class for creating POD filters and translators
700 Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
704 Extract selected sections of POD from input
708 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
710 =item Pod::Text::Color
712 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
714 =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
716 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
718 =item Pod::Text::Termcap
720 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
724 Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
728 Test of various basic POD features in translators.
732 Search for key in dictionary file
736 Save and restore selected file handle
740 Load functions only on demand
744 Run shell commands transparently within perl
748 A switch statement for Perl
752 Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
754 =item Term::ANSIColor
756 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
760 Perl termcap interface
764 Perl word completion module
768 Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
772 Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
776 Backend for building test libraries
780 Run perl standard test scripts with statistics
782 =item Test::Harness::Assert
786 =item Test::Harness::Iterator
788 Internal Test::Harness Iterator
790 =item Test::Harness::Straps
792 Detailed analysis of test results
796 Yet another framework for writing test scripts
800 Basic utilities for writing tests.
804 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
808 Create an abbreviation table from a list
812 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
814 =item Text::ParseWords
816 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
820 Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
824 Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
828 Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
832 Manipulate threads in Perl
836 Base class for tied arrays
840 Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
844 Base class definitions for tied handles
848 Base class definitions for tied hashes
852 Add data to hash when needed
856 Use references as hash keys
860 Base class definitions for tied scalars
862 =item Tie::SubstrHash
864 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
868 Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
872 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
874 =item Time::localtime
876 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
880 Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
884 Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
886 =item Unicode::Collate
888 Use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
892 Unicode character database
896 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
900 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
904 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
908 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
909 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
912 % find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print
914 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
915 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
916 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
917 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
918 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
919 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
920 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
922 =head2 Extension Modules
924 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
925 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
926 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
927 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
929 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
930 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
931 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
932 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
933 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
934 like Alta Vista or Deja News.
938 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
939 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
940 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
941 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
942 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/.
944 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
945 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
952 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
960 Operating System Interfaces
964 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
968 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
980 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
984 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
988 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
992 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
996 Internationalization and Locale
1000 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1004 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1008 Server and Daemon Utilities
1012 Archiving and Compression
1016 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1020 Mail and Usenet News
1024 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1028 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1032 Miscellaneous Modules
1036 Registered CPAN sites as of this writing include the following.
1037 You should try to choose one close to you:
1047 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
1048 ftp://ftp.mweb.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1049 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1050 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/
1062 ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1063 http://www2.linuxforum.net/mirror/CPAN/
1064 http://CPAN.pacific.net.hk/
1065 ftp://ftp.pacific.net.hk/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1066 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
1067 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
1073 http://cpan.in.freeos.com
1074 ftp://cpan.in.freeos.com/pub/CPAN/
1080 http://cpan.itb.web.id/
1081 ftp://mirrors.piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
1082 http://CPAN.mweb.co.id/
1083 ftp://ftp.mweb.co.id/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1089 http://www.iglu.org.il:/pub/CPAN/
1090 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
1091 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
1092 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1093 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1099 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
1100 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
1101 http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1102 ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1103 ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1104 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1105 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
1106 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1112 http://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN
1113 ftp://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN
1119 http://www.adzu.edu.ph/CPAN
1125 http://cpan.tomsk.ru
1126 ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/pub/CPAN
1132 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
1138 http://cpan.hjc.edu.sg
1144 http://CPAN.bora.net/
1145 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
1146 http://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
1147 ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
1148 ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/
1154 ftp://coda.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
1155 ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub/perl/CPAN/
1156 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
1157 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1158 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1164 http://download.nectec.or.th/CPAN/
1165 ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/languages/CPAN/
1166 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1170 =head2 Central America
1178 ftp://ftp.linux.co.cr/mirrors/CPAN/
1179 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
1180 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
1192 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
1198 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
1199 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
1200 http://cpan.skynet.be
1201 ftp://ftp.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
1202 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1208 ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1214 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
1220 http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1221 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1222 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1228 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
1229 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
1230 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
1231 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1237 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1238 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1239 http://cpan.crazygreek.co.uk
1240 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
1241 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1242 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
1243 ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/
1244 http://mirror.uklinux.net/CPAN/
1245 ftp://mirror.uklinux.net/pub/CPAN/
1246 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
1252 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1258 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1259 http://cpan.kpnqwest.fi/
1265 ftp://cpan.ftp.worldonline.fr/pub/CPAN/
1266 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
1267 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
1268 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1270 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1271 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1272 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
1273 http://cpan.cict.fr/
1274 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
1275 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1281 ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
1282 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1283 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
1284 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
1285 ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/CPAN/
1286 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1287 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1288 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
1289 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
1290 http://cpan.noris.de/
1291 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
1292 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
1293 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
1299 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1300 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1306 http://cpan.artifact.hu/
1307 ftp://cpan.artifact.hu/CPAN/
1308 http://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/CPAN/
1309 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/CPAN/
1315 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
1316 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
1322 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
1323 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
1324 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1325 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1331 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
1332 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
1333 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
1334 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
1335 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
1336 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/
1337 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
1338 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
1339 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
1340 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
1346 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
1352 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
1358 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1359 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
1360 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1361 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
1362 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/cpan/
1363 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
1364 http://www.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1365 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1371 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1372 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
1378 ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1379 http://www.fic.uni.lodz.pl/pub/CPAN
1380 ftp://ftp.fic.uni.lodz.pl/pub/CPAN
1381 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.com/
1382 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
1383 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
1389 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
1390 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
1392 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/perl/
1393 ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
1395 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
1396 ftp://ftp.netc.pt/pub/CPAN/
1397 ftp://ftp.up.pt/pub/CPAN
1403 ftp://archive.logicnet.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1404 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1405 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
1406 ftp://ftp.opsynet.com/cpan/
1407 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
1408 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
1409 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1415 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1416 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
1417 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1418 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
1419 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
1420 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1426 ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1432 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
1438 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
1439 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
1445 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
1446 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
1447 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
1448 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1454 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
1455 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
1461 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
1469 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
1473 =head2 North America
1487 http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1488 ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1494 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1495 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1501 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
1507 ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/CPAN/
1513 http://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/
1514 ftp://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/pub/CPAN
1522 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
1523 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
1524 http://cpan.unam.mx/
1525 ftp://cpan.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
1526 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
1527 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
1539 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1540 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1546 http://www.cpan.org/
1547 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
1548 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
1549 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
1550 ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/
1551 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
1552 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
1553 http://cpan.digisle.net/
1554 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
1555 http://www.linuxjar.com/CPAN
1556 ftp://linuxjar.com/pub/CPAN
1557 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
1558 http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1564 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1568 District of Columbia
1570 ftp://ftp.dc.us.telia.net/pub/cpan/
1576 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1577 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1578 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1584 http://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1585 ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1591 ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1592 http://cpan.nitco.com/
1593 ftp://cpan.nitco.com/pub/CPAN/
1594 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
1595 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
1596 ftp://cpan.in-span.net/
1597 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1598 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1604 http://cpan.uky.edu/
1605 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
1611 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1612 http://cpan.mirrors.netnumina.com/
1613 ftp://mirrors.netnumina.com/cpan/
1614 ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/
1620 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1626 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
1632 ftp://ftp.freesoftware.com/pub/perl/CPAN/
1633 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
1634 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1635 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1636 ftp://mirrors.cloud9.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1642 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
1648 ftp://ftp.loaded.net/pub/CPAN/
1654 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
1660 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
1666 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
1667 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
1668 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
1669 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
1670 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1676 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
1682 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1688 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
1694 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1695 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1696 ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1697 http://perl.Liquidation.com/CPAN/
1703 http://cpan.llarian.net/
1704 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
1705 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
1706 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
1707 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
1721 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1722 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1723 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
1724 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
1729 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
1733 =head2 South America
1741 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
1747 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
1748 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
1754 ftp://ftp.psinet.cl/pub/programming/perl/CPAN/
1755 ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/perl/
1760 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
1761 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
1763 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1765 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
1766 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
1768 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
1769 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
1770 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
1771 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
1772 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
1773 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
1775 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
1776 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
1777 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
1778 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
1779 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
1780 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
1781 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
1782 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
1783 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
1785 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
1791 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
1793 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
1794 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
1795 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
1796 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
1797 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
1798 with command line options.
1800 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
1801 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
1802 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
1803 scheme as the original author.
1807 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1809 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1810 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1811 of code that need less warnings.
1813 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1814 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1819 return bless {}, $class;
1822 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1823 or a virtual method.
1827 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1828 return bless {}, $class;
1831 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1832 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1833 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1834 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1836 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1837 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1838 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1839 class names as far as possible.
1841 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1842 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
1844 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1845 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1846 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1848 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1850 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1851 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1852 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1853 does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
1854 into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
1856 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1857 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1858 information in objects.
1862 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1863 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1864 of code that need less strictness.
1868 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
1874 Some simple style guidelines
1876 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1878 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1879 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
1880 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
1881 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
1883 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
1884 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
1885 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
1886 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
1888 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
1889 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
1890 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
1891 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
1893 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
1894 or nature of a variable. For example:
1896 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
1897 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
1898 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
1900 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
1901 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
1903 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
1904 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
1908 Select what to export.
1910 Do NOT export method names!
1912 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
1914 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
1915 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
1916 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
1918 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
1919 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
1920 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
1921 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
1923 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
1924 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
1925 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
1928 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
1929 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
1930 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
1934 Select a name for the module.
1936 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
1937 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
1938 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
1939 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
1940 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
1941 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
1942 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
1944 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
1945 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
1946 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
1947 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
1949 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
1950 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
1951 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
1952 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
1954 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
1955 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
1958 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
1959 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
1960 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
1961 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
1962 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
1964 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
1965 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
1966 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
1970 Have you got it right?
1972 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
1973 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
1974 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
1976 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
1977 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
1978 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
1980 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
1981 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
1982 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
1983 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
1985 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
1986 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
1987 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
1991 README and other Additional Files.
1993 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
1994 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
1995 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
1996 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2002 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2006 A copyright notice - see below.
2010 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2014 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2022 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
2026 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2030 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2031 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2038 Adding a Copyright Notice.
2040 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2041 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2042 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2044 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU
2045 GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and
2046 Artistic). Larry has good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
2048 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
2049 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2051 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2052 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2053 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2055 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
2056 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
2057 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
2061 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2063 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
2064 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
2065 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
2066 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
2067 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
2068 See L<Exporter> for details.
2070 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
2071 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
2072 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
2073 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2077 How to release and distribute a module.
2079 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
2080 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
2081 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
2084 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
2085 include details of its location in your announcement.
2087 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
2088 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
2089 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
2090 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
2091 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
2092 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
2093 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
2096 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
2098 Follow the instructions and links on:
2100 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
2101 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2103 or upload to one of these sites:
2105 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
2106 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
2108 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
2110 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
2111 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
2114 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
2118 Take care when changing a released module.
2120 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
2121 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
2122 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
2128 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2134 There is no requirement to convert anything.
2136 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
2137 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
2138 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
2139 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
2143 Consider the implications.
2145 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
2146 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
2147 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
2151 Make the most of the opportunity.
2153 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2154 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2155 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2159 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2161 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2162 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2168 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2172 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2176 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2180 Several other minor changes
2184 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2185 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2186 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2190 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2196 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2200 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2202 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2207 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2211 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2215 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2217 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
2218 the application could invoked as:
2220 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2222 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2228 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
2229 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
2230 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
2231 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
2232 because it has a shotgun.
2234 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2235 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2236 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2237 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2238 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
2239 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.