2 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
10 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
12 Many modules are included the Perl distribution. These are described
13 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
14 file (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
15 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
16 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
17 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
18 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
19 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
20 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
21 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
22 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
23 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
24 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
26 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
28 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
29 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
30 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
31 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
38 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
40 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
41 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
42 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
43 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
44 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
45 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
48 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
54 Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
58 Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
62 Postpone load of modules until a function is used
66 Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
70 Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
74 Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
78 Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes.
86 Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
90 Pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into Unicode
94 Compile-time class fields
98 Control the filetest permission operators
102 Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
106 Request less of something from the compiler
110 Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
114 Set default disciplines for input and output
118 Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
122 Package for overloading perl operations
126 Alter regular expression behaviour
130 Enable simple signal handling
134 Control sort() behaviour
138 Restrict unsafe constructs
146 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
150 Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
154 Control VMS-specific language features
158 Control optional warnings
160 =item warnings::register
162 Warnings import function
166 =head2 Standard Modules
168 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
169 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
170 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
176 Provide framework for multiple DBMs
180 Load subroutines only on demand
184 Split a package for autoloading
192 Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode
196 Assemble Perl bytecode
204 Perl compiler's bytecode backend
208 Perl compiler's C backend
212 Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
216 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
220 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
224 Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
226 =item B::Disassembler
228 Disassemble Perl bytecode
236 Show lexical variables used in functions or files
240 Helper module for CC backend
244 Show what stashes are loaded
248 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
252 Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
256 Benchmark running times of Perl code
260 Load byte compiled perl code
264 Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
268 Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
272 CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
276 Interface to Netscape Cookies
280 CGI Interface for Fast CGI
284 Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
288 Simple Interface to Server Push
292 Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
296 Internal utilities used by CGI module
300 Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
302 =item CPAN::FirstTime
304 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
308 Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
312 Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
316 No user serviceable parts inside
320 Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
324 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
328 Get pathname of current working directory
332 Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
336 Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
338 =item Devel::SelfStubber
340 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
344 Modules that calculate message digests
348 Supply object methods for directory handles
352 Provides screen dump of Perl data.
358 =item Encode::EncodeFormat
360 The format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
368 Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
372 Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
376 Implements default import method for modules
378 =item Exporter::Heavy
382 =item ExtUtils::Command
384 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
386 =item ExtUtils::Constant
388 Generate XS code to import C header constants
390 =item ExtUtils::Embed
392 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
394 =item ExtUtils::Install
396 Install files from here to there
398 =item ExtUtils::Installed
400 Inventory management of installed modules
402 =item ExtUtils::Liblist
404 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
406 =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
408 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
410 =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
412 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
414 =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
416 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
418 =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
420 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
422 =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
424 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
426 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
428 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
430 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
432 Create an extension Makefile
434 =item ExtUtils::Manifest
436 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
438 =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
440 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
442 =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
444 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
446 =item ExtUtils::Packlist
448 Manage .packlist files
450 =item ExtUtils::testlib
452 Add blib/* directories to @INC
456 Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
460 Load the C Fcntl.h defines
464 Split a pathname into pieces
466 =item File::CheckTree
468 Run many filetest checks on a tree
472 Compare files or filehandles
476 Copy files or filehandles
480 DOS like globbing and then some
488 Create or remove directory trees
492 Portably perform operations on file names
494 =item File::Spec::Epoc
496 Methods for Epoc file specs
498 =item File::Spec::Functions
500 Portably perform operations on file names
502 =item File::Spec::Mac
504 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
506 =item File::Spec::OS2
508 Methods for OS/2 file specs
510 =item File::Spec::Unix
512 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
514 =item File::Spec::VMS
516 Methods for VMS file specs
518 =item File::Spec::Win32
520 Methods for Win32 file specs
524 Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
528 By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
532 Keep more files open than the system permits
536 Supply object methods for filehandles
540 Simplified source filtering
544 Locate directory of original perl script
548 Extended processing of command line options
552 Process single-character switches with switch clustering
556 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
560 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
562 =item I18N::LangTags::List
564 Tags and names for human languages
568 Load various IO modules
572 Open a process for both reading and writing
576 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
578 =item Locale::Constants
580 Constants for Locale codes
582 =item Locale::Country
584 ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
586 =item Locale::Currency
588 ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
590 =item Locale::Language
592 ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
594 =item Locale::Maketext
596 Framework for localization
598 =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
600 Article about software localization
604 Arbitrary size floating point math package
608 Arbitrary size integer math package
610 =item Math::BigInt::Calc
612 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
616 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
620 Trigonometric functions
624 Make your functions faster by trading space for time
626 =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
628 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
630 =item Memoize::Expire
632 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
634 =item Memoize::ExpireFile
636 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
638 =item Memoize::ExpireTest
640 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
642 =item Memoize::NDBM_File
644 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
646 =item Memoize::SDBM_File
648 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
652 Plug-in module to specify which return values should be memoized
654 =item Memoize::Storable
656 Store Memoized data in Storable database
660 Tied access to ndbm files
664 Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
668 Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
672 Local configuration data for libnet
676 Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
688 OO interface to users netrc file
692 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
696 Check a remote host for reachability
700 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
704 Time and daytime network client interface
708 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
712 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
716 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
720 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
724 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
728 Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
732 Tied access to odbm files
736 Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
740 Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
744 On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
748 Check pod documents for syntax errors
752 Find POD documents in directory trees
756 Module to convert pod files to HTML
758 =item Pod::InputObjects
760 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
764 Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
768 Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
772 Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
774 =item Pod::ParseUtils
776 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
780 Base class for creating POD filters and translators
784 Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
788 Extract selected sections of POD from input
792 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
794 =item Pod::Text::Color
796 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
798 =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
800 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
802 =item Pod::Text::Termcap
804 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
808 Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
812 Test of various basic POD features in translators.
816 Tied access to sdbm files
820 Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
824 Search for key in dictionary file
828 Save and restore selected file handle
832 Load functions only on demand
836 Run shell commands transparently within perl
840 Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
844 Persistency for perl data structures
848 A switch statement for Perl
852 Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
854 =item Term::ANSIColor
856 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
860 Perl termcap interface
864 Perl word completion module
868 Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
872 Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
876 Backend for building test libraries
880 Run perl standard test scripts with statistics
884 Yet another framework for writing test scripts
888 Basic utilities for writing tests.
892 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
896 Create an abbreviation table from a list
900 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
902 =item Text::ParseWords
904 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
908 Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
912 Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
916 Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
920 Manipulate threads in Perl
924 Base class for tied arrays
928 Base class definitions for tied handles
932 Base class definitions for tied hashes
936 Use references as hash keys
940 Base class definitions for tied scalars
942 =item Tie::SubstrHash
944 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
948 Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
952 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
954 =item Time::localtime
956 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
960 Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
964 Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
966 =item Unicode::Collate
968 Use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
972 Unicode character database
976 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
980 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
984 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
988 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
989 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
992 % find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print
994 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
995 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
996 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
997 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
998 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
999 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
1000 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
1002 =head2 Extension Modules
1004 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
1005 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
1006 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
1007 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1009 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1010 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
1011 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
1012 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
1013 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
1014 like Alta Vista or Deja News.
1018 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1019 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1020 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1021 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
1022 CPAN can be found at http://cpan.perl.com/ and at
1023 http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_perl/cpan-search.pl .
1025 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1026 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1033 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1041 Operating System Interfaces
1045 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1049 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1061 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1065 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1069 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1073 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1077 Internationalization and Locale
1081 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1085 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1089 Server and Daemon Utilities
1093 Archiving and Compression
1097 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1101 Mail and Usenet News
1105 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1109 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1113 Miscellaneous Modules
1117 Registered CPAN sites as of this writing include the following.
1118 You should try to choose one close to you:
1128 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
1129 ftp://ftp.mweb.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1130 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1131 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/
1143 ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1144 http://www2.linuxforum.net/mirror/CPAN/
1145 http://CPAN.pacific.net.hk/
1146 ftp://ftp.pacific.net.hk/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1147 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
1148 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
1154 http://cpan.in.freeos.com
1155 ftp://cpan.in.freeos.com/pub/CPAN/
1161 http://cpan.itb.web.id/
1162 ftp://mirrors.piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
1163 http://CPAN.mweb.co.id/
1164 ftp://ftp.mweb.co.id/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1170 http://www.iglu.org.il:/pub/CPAN/
1171 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
1172 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
1173 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1174 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1180 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
1181 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
1182 http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1183 ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1184 ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1185 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1186 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
1187 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1193 http://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN
1194 ftp://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN
1200 http://www.adzu.edu.ph/CPAN
1206 http://cpan.tomsk.ru
1207 ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/pub/CPAN
1213 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
1219 http://cpan.hjc.edu.sg
1225 http://CPAN.bora.net/
1226 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
1227 http://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
1228 ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
1229 ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/
1235 ftp://coda.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
1236 ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub/perl/CPAN/
1237 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
1238 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1239 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1245 http://download.nectec.or.th/CPAN/
1246 ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/languages/CPAN/
1247 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1251 =head2 Central America
1259 ftp://ftp.linux.co.cr/mirrors/CPAN/
1260 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
1261 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
1273 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
1279 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
1280 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
1281 http://cpan.skynet.be
1282 ftp://ftp.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
1283 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1289 ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1295 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
1301 http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1302 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1303 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1309 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
1310 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
1311 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
1312 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1318 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1319 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1320 http://cpan.crazygreek.co.uk
1321 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
1322 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1323 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
1324 ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/
1325 http://mirror.uklinux.net/CPAN/
1326 ftp://mirror.uklinux.net/pub/CPAN/
1327 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
1333 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1339 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1340 http://cpan.kpnqwest.fi/
1346 ftp://cpan.ftp.worldonline.fr/pub/CPAN/
1347 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
1348 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
1349 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1351 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1352 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1353 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
1354 http://cpan.cict.fr/
1355 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
1356 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1362 ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
1363 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1364 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
1365 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
1366 ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/CPAN/
1367 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1368 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1369 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
1370 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
1371 http://cpan.noris.de/
1372 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
1373 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
1374 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
1380 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1381 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1387 http://cpan.artifact.hu/
1388 ftp://cpan.artifact.hu/CPAN/
1389 http://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/CPAN/
1390 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/CPAN/
1396 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
1397 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
1403 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
1404 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
1405 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1406 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1412 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
1413 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
1414 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
1415 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
1416 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
1417 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/
1418 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
1419 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
1420 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
1421 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
1427 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
1433 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
1439 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1440 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
1441 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1442 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
1443 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/cpan/
1444 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
1445 http://www.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1446 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1452 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1453 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
1459 ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1460 http://www.fic.uni.lodz.pl/pub/CPAN
1461 ftp://ftp.fic.uni.lodz.pl/pub/CPAN
1462 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.com/
1463 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
1464 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
1470 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
1471 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
1473 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/perl/
1474 ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
1476 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
1477 ftp://ftp.netc.pt/pub/CPAN/
1478 ftp://ftp.up.pt/pub/CPAN
1484 ftp://archive.logicnet.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1485 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1486 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
1487 ftp://ftp.opsynet.com/cpan/
1488 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
1489 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
1490 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1496 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1497 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
1498 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1499 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
1500 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
1501 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1507 ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1513 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
1519 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
1520 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
1526 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
1527 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
1528 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
1529 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1535 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
1536 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
1542 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
1550 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
1554 =head2 North America
1568 http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1569 ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1575 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1576 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1582 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
1588 ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/CPAN/
1594 http://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/
1595 ftp://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/pub/CPAN
1603 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
1604 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
1605 http://cpan.unam.mx/
1606 ftp://cpan.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
1607 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
1608 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
1620 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1621 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1627 http://www.cpan.org/
1628 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
1629 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
1630 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
1631 ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/
1632 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
1633 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
1634 http://cpan.digisle.net/
1635 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
1636 http://www.linuxjar.com/CPAN
1637 ftp://linuxjar.com/pub/CPAN
1638 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
1639 http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1645 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1649 District of Columbia
1651 ftp://ftp.dc.us.telia.net/pub/cpan/
1657 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1658 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1659 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1665 http://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1666 ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1672 ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1673 http://cpan.nitco.com/
1674 ftp://cpan.nitco.com/pub/CPAN/
1675 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
1676 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
1677 ftp://cpan.in-span.net/
1678 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1679 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1685 http://cpan.uky.edu/
1686 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
1692 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1693 http://cpan.mirrors.netnumina.com/
1694 ftp://mirrors.netnumina.com/cpan/
1695 ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/
1701 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1707 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
1713 ftp://ftp.freesoftware.com/pub/perl/CPAN/
1714 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
1715 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1716 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1717 ftp://mirrors.cloud9.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1723 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
1729 ftp://ftp.loaded.net/pub/CPAN/
1735 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
1741 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
1747 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
1748 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
1749 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
1750 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
1751 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1757 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
1763 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1769 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
1775 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1776 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1777 ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1778 http://perl.Liquidation.com/CPAN/
1784 http://cpan.llarian.net/
1785 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
1786 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
1787 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
1788 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
1802 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1803 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1804 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
1805 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
1810 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
1814 =head2 South America
1822 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
1828 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
1829 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
1835 ftp://ftp.psinet.cl/pub/programming/perl/CPAN/
1836 ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/perl/
1841 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
1842 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
1844 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1846 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
1847 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
1849 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
1850 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
1851 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
1852 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
1853 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
1854 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
1856 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
1857 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
1858 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
1859 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
1860 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
1861 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
1862 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
1863 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
1864 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
1866 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
1872 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
1874 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
1875 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
1876 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
1877 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
1878 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
1879 with command line options.
1881 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
1882 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
1883 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
1884 scheme as the original author.
1888 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1890 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1891 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1892 of code that need less warnings.
1894 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1895 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1900 return bless {}, $class;
1903 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1904 or a virtual method.
1908 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1909 return bless {}, $class;
1912 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1913 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1914 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1915 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1917 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1918 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1919 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1920 class names as far as possible.
1922 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1923 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
1925 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1926 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1927 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1929 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1931 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1932 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1933 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1934 does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
1935 into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
1937 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1938 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1939 information in objects.
1943 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1944 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1945 of code that need less strictness.
1949 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
1955 Some simple style guidelines
1957 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1959 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1960 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
1961 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
1962 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
1964 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
1965 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
1966 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
1967 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
1969 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
1970 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
1971 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
1972 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
1974 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
1975 or nature of a variable. For example:
1977 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
1978 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
1979 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
1981 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
1982 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
1984 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
1985 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
1989 Select what to export.
1991 Do NOT export method names!
1993 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
1995 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
1996 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
1997 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
1999 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
2000 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
2001 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
2002 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
2004 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
2005 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
2006 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
2009 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
2010 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
2011 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
2015 Select a name for the module.
2017 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
2018 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
2019 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
2020 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
2021 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
2022 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
2023 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
2025 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
2026 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
2027 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
2028 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
2030 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
2031 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
2032 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
2033 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
2035 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
2036 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
2039 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
2040 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
2041 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
2042 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
2043 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
2045 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
2046 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
2047 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
2051 Have you got it right?
2053 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
2054 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
2055 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
2057 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
2058 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
2059 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
2061 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
2062 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
2063 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
2064 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
2066 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
2067 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
2068 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
2072 README and other Additional Files.
2074 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
2075 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
2076 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2077 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2083 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2087 A copyright notice - see below.
2091 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2095 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2103 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
2107 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2111 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2112 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2119 Adding a Copyright Notice.
2121 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2122 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2123 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2125 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU
2126 GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and
2127 Artistic). Larry has good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
2129 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
2130 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2132 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2133 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2134 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2136 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
2137 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
2138 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
2142 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2144 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
2145 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
2146 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
2147 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
2148 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
2149 See L<Exporter> for details.
2151 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
2152 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
2153 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
2154 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2158 How to release and distribute a module.
2160 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
2161 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
2162 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
2165 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
2166 include details of its location in your announcement.
2168 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
2169 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
2170 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
2171 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
2172 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
2173 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
2174 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
2177 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
2179 Follow the instructions and links on:
2181 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
2182 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2184 or upload to one of these sites:
2186 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
2187 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
2189 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
2191 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
2192 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
2195 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
2199 Take care when changing a released module.
2201 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
2202 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
2203 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
2209 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2215 There is no requirement to convert anything.
2217 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
2218 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
2219 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
2220 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
2224 Consider the implications.
2226 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
2227 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
2228 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
2232 Make the most of the opportunity.
2234 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2235 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2236 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2240 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2242 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2243 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2249 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2253 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2257 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2261 Several other minor changes
2265 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2266 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2267 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2271 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2277 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2281 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2283 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2288 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2292 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2296 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2298 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
2299 the application could invoked as:
2301 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2303 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2309 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
2310 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
2311 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
2312 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
2313 because it has a shotgun.
2315 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2316 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2317 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2318 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2319 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
2320 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.