2 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
10 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
12 Many modules are included the Perl distribution. These are described
13 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
14 file (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
15 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
16 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
17 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
18 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
19 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
20 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
21 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
22 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
23 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
24 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
26 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
28 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
29 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
30 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
31 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
38 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
40 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
41 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
42 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
43 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
44 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
45 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
48 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
54 Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
58 Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
62 Postpone load of modules until a function is used
66 Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
70 Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
74 Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
78 Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes.
86 Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
90 Pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into Unicode
94 Compile-time class fields
98 Control the filetest permission operators
102 C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
106 Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
110 Request less of something from the compiler
114 Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
118 Set default disciplines for input and output
122 Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
126 Package for overloading perl operations
130 Alter regular expression behaviour
134 Enable simple signal handling
138 Control sort() behaviour
142 Restrict unsafe constructs
150 Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl
154 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
158 Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
162 Control VMS-specific language features
166 Control optional warnings
168 =item warnings::register
170 Warnings import function
174 =head2 Standard Modules
176 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
177 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
178 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
184 Provide framework for multiple DBMs
186 =item Attribute::Handlers
188 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
192 Load subroutines only on demand
196 Split a package for autoloading
204 Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode
208 Assemble Perl bytecode
216 Perl compiler's bytecode backend
220 Perl compiler's C backend
224 Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
228 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
232 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
236 Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
238 =item B::Disassembler
240 Disassemble Perl bytecode
248 Show lexical variables used in functions or files
252 Helper module for CC backend
256 Show what stashes are loaded
260 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
264 Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
268 Benchmark running times of Perl code
272 Load byte compiled perl code
276 Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
280 Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
284 CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
288 Interface to Netscape Cookies
292 CGI Interface for Fast CGI
296 Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
300 Simple Interface to Server Push
304 Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
308 Internal utilities used by CGI module
312 Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
314 =item CPAN::FirstTime
316 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
320 Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
324 Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
328 No user serviceable parts inside
332 Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
336 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
340 Get pathname of current working directory
344 Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
348 Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
350 =item Devel::SelfStubber
352 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
356 Modules that calculate message digests
360 Supply object methods for directory handles
364 Provides screen dump of Perl data.
372 Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
376 Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
380 Implements default import method for modules
382 =item Exporter::Heavy
386 =item ExtUtils::Command
388 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
390 =item ExtUtils::Constant
392 Generate XS code to import C header constants
394 =item ExtUtils::Embed
396 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
398 =item ExtUtils::Install
400 Install files from here to there
402 =item ExtUtils::Installed
404 Inventory management of installed modules
406 =item ExtUtils::Liblist
408 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
410 =item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
412 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
414 =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
416 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
418 =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
420 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
422 =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
424 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
426 =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
428 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
430 =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
432 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
434 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
436 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
438 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
440 Create an extension Makefile
442 =item ExtUtils::Manifest
444 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
446 =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
448 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
450 =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
452 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
454 =item ExtUtils::Packlist
456 Manage .packlist files
458 =item ExtUtils::testlib
460 Add blib/* directories to @INC
464 Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
468 Load the C Fcntl.h defines
472 Split a pathname into pieces
474 =item File::CheckTree
476 Run many filetest checks on a tree
480 Compare files or filehandles
484 Copy files or filehandles
488 DOS like globbing and then some
492 Traverse a directory tree.
496 Create or remove directory trees
500 Portably perform operations on file names
502 =item File::Spec::Cygwin
504 Methods for Cygwin file specs
506 =item File::Spec::Epoc
508 Methods for Epoc file specs
510 =item File::Spec::Functions
512 Portably perform operations on file names
514 =item File::Spec::Mac
516 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
518 =item File::Spec::OS2
520 Methods for OS/2 file specs
522 =item File::Spec::Unix
524 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
526 =item File::Spec::VMS
528 Methods for VMS file specs
530 =item File::Spec::Win32
532 Methods for Win32 file specs
536 Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
540 By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
544 Keep more files open than the system permits
548 Supply object methods for filehandles
552 Simplified source filtering
556 Locate directory of original perl script
560 Extended processing of command line options
564 Process single-character switches with switch clustering
568 A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
572 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
576 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
578 =item I18N::LangTags::List
580 Tags and names for human languages
584 Load various IO modules
588 Open a process for both reading and writing
592 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
594 =item Locale::Constants
596 Constants for Locale codes
598 =item Locale::Country
600 ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
602 =item Locale::Currency
604 ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
606 =item Locale::Language
608 ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
610 =item Locale::Maketext
612 Framework for localization
614 =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
616 Article about software localization
620 ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
624 Arbitrary size floating point math package
628 Arbitrary size integer math package
630 =item Math::BigInt::Calc
632 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
636 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
640 Trigonometric functions
644 Make your functions faster by trading space for time
646 =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
648 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
650 =item Memoize::Expire
652 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
654 =item Memoize::ExpireFile
656 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
658 =item Memoize::ExpireTest
660 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
662 =item Memoize::NDBM_File
664 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
666 =item Memoize::SDBM_File
668 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
670 =item Memoize::Storable
672 Store Memoized data in Storable database
676 Tied access to ndbm files
680 Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
684 Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
688 Local configuration data for libnet
692 Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
704 OO interface to users netrc file
708 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
712 Check a remote host for reachability
716 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
720 Time and daytime network client interface
724 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
728 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
732 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
736 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
740 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
744 Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
748 Tied access to odbm files
752 Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
756 Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
760 On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
764 Check pod documents for syntax errors
768 Find POD documents in directory trees
772 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
776 Module to convert pod files to HTML
778 =item Pod::InputObjects
780 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
784 Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
788 Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
792 Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
794 =item Pod::ParseUtils
796 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
800 Base class for creating POD filters and translators
804 Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
808 Extract selected sections of POD from input
812 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
814 =item Pod::Text::Color
816 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
818 =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
820 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
822 =item Pod::Text::Termcap
824 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
828 Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
832 Test of various basic POD features in translators.
836 Tied access to sdbm files
840 Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
844 Search for key in dictionary file
848 Save and restore selected file handle
852 Load functions only on demand
856 Run shell commands transparently within perl
860 Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
864 Persistency for perl data structures
868 A switch statement for Perl
872 Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
874 =item Term::ANSIColor
876 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
880 Perl termcap interface
884 Perl word completion module
888 Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
892 Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
896 Backend for building test libraries
900 Run perl standard test scripts with statistics
902 =item Test::Harness::Assert
906 =item Test::Harness::Iterator
908 Internal Test::Harness Iterator
910 =item Test::Harness::Straps
912 Detailed analysis of test results
916 Yet another framework for writing test scripts
920 Basic utilities for writing tests.
924 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
928 Create an abbreviation table from a list
932 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
934 =item Text::ParseWords
936 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
940 Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
944 Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
948 Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
952 Manipulate threads in Perl
956 Base class for tied arrays
960 Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
964 Base class definitions for tied handles
968 Base class definitions for tied hashes
972 Add data to hash when needed
976 Use references as hash keys
980 Base class definitions for tied scalars
982 =item Tie::SubstrHash
984 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
988 Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
992 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
994 =item Time::localtime
996 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
1000 Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
1004 Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
1006 =item Unicode::Collate
1008 Use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
1012 Unicode character database
1016 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
1020 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
1024 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
1028 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
1029 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
1032 % find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print
1034 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
1035 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
1036 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
1037 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
1038 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
1039 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
1040 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
1042 =head2 Extension Modules
1044 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
1045 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
1046 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
1047 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1049 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1050 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
1051 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
1052 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
1053 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
1054 like Alta Vista or Deja News.
1058 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1059 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1060 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1061 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
1062 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/.
1064 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1065 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1072 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1080 Operating System Interfaces
1084 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1088 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1100 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1104 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1108 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1112 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1116 Internationalization and Locale
1120 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1124 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1128 Server and Daemon Utilities
1132 Archiving and Compression
1136 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1140 Mail and Usenet News
1144 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1148 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1152 Miscellaneous Modules
1156 Registered CPAN sites as of this writing include the following.
1157 You should try to choose one close to you:
1167 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
1168 ftp://ftp.mweb.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1169 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1170 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/
1182 ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1183 http://www2.linuxforum.net/mirror/CPAN/
1184 http://CPAN.pacific.net.hk/
1185 ftp://ftp.pacific.net.hk/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1186 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
1187 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
1193 http://cpan.in.freeos.com
1194 ftp://cpan.in.freeos.com/pub/CPAN/
1200 http://cpan.itb.web.id/
1201 ftp://mirrors.piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
1202 http://CPAN.mweb.co.id/
1203 ftp://ftp.mweb.co.id/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1209 http://www.iglu.org.il:/pub/CPAN/
1210 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
1211 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
1212 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1213 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1219 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
1220 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
1221 http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1222 ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1223 ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1224 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1225 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
1226 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1232 http://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN
1233 ftp://mirror.Mazic.org/pub/CPAN
1239 http://www.adzu.edu.ph/CPAN
1245 http://cpan.tomsk.ru
1246 ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/pub/CPAN
1252 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
1258 http://cpan.hjc.edu.sg
1264 http://CPAN.bora.net/
1265 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
1266 http://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
1267 ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
1268 ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/
1274 ftp://coda.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
1275 ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub/perl/CPAN/
1276 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
1277 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1278 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
1284 http://download.nectec.or.th/CPAN/
1285 ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/languages/CPAN/
1286 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1290 =head2 Central America
1298 ftp://ftp.linux.co.cr/mirrors/CPAN/
1299 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
1300 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
1312 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
1318 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
1319 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
1320 http://cpan.skynet.be
1321 ftp://ftp.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
1322 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1328 ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1334 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
1340 http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1341 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
1342 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1348 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
1349 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
1350 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
1351 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1357 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1358 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1359 http://cpan.crazygreek.co.uk
1360 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
1361 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1362 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
1363 ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/
1364 http://mirror.uklinux.net/CPAN/
1365 ftp://mirror.uklinux.net/pub/CPAN/
1366 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
1372 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1378 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1379 http://cpan.kpnqwest.fi/
1385 ftp://cpan.ftp.worldonline.fr/pub/CPAN/
1386 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
1387 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
1388 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1390 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1391 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1392 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
1393 http://cpan.cict.fr/
1394 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
1395 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1401 ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
1402 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1403 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
1404 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
1405 ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/CPAN/
1406 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1407 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1408 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
1409 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
1410 http://cpan.noris.de/
1411 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
1412 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
1413 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
1419 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1420 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1426 http://cpan.artifact.hu/
1427 ftp://cpan.artifact.hu/CPAN/
1428 http://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/CPAN/
1429 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/CPAN/
1435 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
1436 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
1442 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
1443 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
1444 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1445 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1451 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
1452 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
1453 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
1454 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
1455 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
1456 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/
1457 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
1458 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
1459 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
1460 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
1466 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
1472 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
1478 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1479 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
1480 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1481 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
1482 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/cpan/
1483 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
1484 http://www.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1485 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1491 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1492 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
1498 ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1499 http://www.fic.uni.lodz.pl/pub/CPAN
1500 ftp://ftp.fic.uni.lodz.pl/pub/CPAN
1501 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.com/
1502 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
1503 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
1509 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
1510 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
1512 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/perl/
1513 ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
1515 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
1516 ftp://ftp.netc.pt/pub/CPAN/
1517 ftp://ftp.up.pt/pub/CPAN
1523 ftp://archive.logicnet.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1524 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1525 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
1526 ftp://ftp.opsynet.com/cpan/
1527 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
1528 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
1529 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1535 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1536 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
1537 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1538 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
1539 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
1540 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1546 ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1552 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
1558 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
1559 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
1565 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
1566 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
1567 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
1568 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1574 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
1575 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
1581 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
1589 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
1593 =head2 North America
1607 http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1608 ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1614 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1615 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1621 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
1627 ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/CPAN/
1633 http://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/
1634 ftp://cpan.mirror.smartworker.org/pub/CPAN
1642 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
1643 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
1644 http://cpan.unam.mx/
1645 ftp://cpan.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
1646 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
1647 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
1659 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1660 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1666 http://www.cpan.org/
1667 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
1668 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
1669 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
1670 ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/
1671 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
1672 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
1673 http://cpan.digisle.net/
1674 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
1675 http://www.linuxjar.com/CPAN
1676 ftp://linuxjar.com/pub/CPAN
1677 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
1678 http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1684 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1688 District of Columbia
1690 ftp://ftp.dc.us.telia.net/pub/cpan/
1696 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1697 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1698 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1704 http://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1705 ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1711 ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1712 http://cpan.nitco.com/
1713 ftp://cpan.nitco.com/pub/CPAN/
1714 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
1715 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
1716 ftp://cpan.in-span.net/
1717 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1718 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1724 http://cpan.uky.edu/
1725 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
1731 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1732 http://cpan.mirrors.netnumina.com/
1733 ftp://mirrors.netnumina.com/cpan/
1734 ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/
1740 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
1746 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
1752 ftp://ftp.freesoftware.com/pub/perl/CPAN/
1753 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
1754 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1755 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1756 ftp://mirrors.cloud9.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1762 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
1768 ftp://ftp.loaded.net/pub/CPAN/
1774 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
1780 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
1786 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
1787 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
1788 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
1789 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
1790 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1796 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
1802 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1808 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
1814 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1815 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1816 ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1817 http://perl.Liquidation.com/CPAN/
1823 http://cpan.llarian.net/
1824 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
1825 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
1826 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
1827 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
1841 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1842 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1843 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
1844 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
1849 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
1853 =head2 South America
1861 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
1867 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
1868 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
1874 ftp://ftp.psinet.cl/pub/programming/perl/CPAN/
1875 ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/perl/
1880 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
1881 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
1883 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1885 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
1886 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
1888 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
1889 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
1890 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
1891 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
1892 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
1893 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
1895 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
1896 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
1897 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
1898 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
1899 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
1900 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
1901 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
1902 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
1903 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
1905 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
1911 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
1913 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
1914 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
1915 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
1916 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
1917 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
1918 with command line options.
1920 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
1921 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
1922 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
1923 scheme as the original author.
1927 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1929 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1930 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1931 of code that need less warnings.
1933 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1934 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1939 return bless {}, $class;
1942 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1943 or a virtual method.
1947 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1948 return bless {}, $class;
1951 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1952 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1953 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1954 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1956 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1957 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1958 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1959 class names as far as possible.
1961 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1962 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
1964 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1965 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1966 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1968 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1970 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1971 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1972 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1973 does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
1974 into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
1976 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1977 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1978 information in objects.
1982 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1983 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1984 of code that need less strictness.
1988 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
1994 Some simple style guidelines
1996 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1998 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1999 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
2000 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
2001 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
2003 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
2004 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
2005 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
2006 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
2008 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
2009 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
2010 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
2011 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
2013 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
2014 or nature of a variable. For example:
2016 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
2017 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
2018 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
2020 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
2021 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
2023 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
2024 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
2028 Select what to export.
2030 Do NOT export method names!
2032 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
2034 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
2035 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
2036 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
2038 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
2039 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
2040 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
2041 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
2043 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
2044 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
2045 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
2048 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
2049 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
2050 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
2054 Select a name for the module.
2056 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
2057 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
2058 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
2059 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
2060 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
2061 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
2062 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
2064 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
2065 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
2066 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
2067 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
2069 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
2070 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
2071 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
2072 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
2074 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
2075 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
2078 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
2079 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
2080 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
2081 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
2082 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
2084 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
2085 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
2086 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
2090 Have you got it right?
2092 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
2093 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
2094 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
2096 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
2097 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
2098 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
2100 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
2101 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
2102 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
2103 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
2105 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
2106 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
2107 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
2111 README and other Additional Files.
2113 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
2114 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
2115 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2116 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2122 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2126 A copyright notice - see below.
2130 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2134 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2142 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
2146 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2150 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2151 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2158 Adding a Copyright Notice.
2160 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2161 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2162 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2164 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU
2165 GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and
2166 Artistic). Larry has good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
2168 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
2169 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2171 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2172 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2173 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2175 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
2176 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
2177 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
2181 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2183 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
2184 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
2185 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
2186 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
2187 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
2188 See L<Exporter> for details.
2190 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
2191 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
2192 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
2193 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2197 How to release and distribute a module.
2199 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
2200 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
2201 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
2204 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
2205 include details of its location in your announcement.
2207 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
2208 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
2209 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
2210 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
2211 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
2212 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
2213 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
2216 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
2218 Follow the instructions and links on:
2220 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
2221 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2223 or upload to one of these sites:
2225 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
2226 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
2228 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
2230 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
2231 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
2234 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
2238 Take care when changing a released module.
2240 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
2241 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
2242 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
2248 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2254 There is no requirement to convert anything.
2256 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
2257 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
2258 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
2259 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
2263 Consider the implications.
2265 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
2266 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
2267 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
2271 Make the most of the opportunity.
2273 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2274 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2275 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2279 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2281 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2282 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2288 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2292 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2296 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2300 Several other minor changes
2304 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2305 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2306 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2310 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2316 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2320 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2322 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2327 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2331 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2335 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2337 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
2338 the application could invoked as:
2340 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2342 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2348 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
2349 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
2350 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
2351 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
2352 because it has a shotgun.
2354 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2355 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2356 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2357 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2358 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
2359 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.