2 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
8 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
10 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
11 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
12 files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
13 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
14 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
15 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
16 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
17 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
18 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
19 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
20 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
21 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
22 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
24 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
26 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
27 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
28 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
29 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
36 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
38 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
39 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
40 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
41 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
42 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
43 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
46 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
52 Select assertions in blocks of code
54 =item assertions::activate
58 =item assertions::compat
60 Assertions for pre-5.9 versions of perl
64 Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
68 Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
72 Postpone load of modules until a function is used
76 Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
80 Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
84 Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
88 Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
92 Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
96 Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
100 Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes
108 Produce verbose warning diagnostics
112 Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
114 =item encoding::warnings
116 Warn on implicit encoding conversions
120 Enable new syntactic features
124 Compile-time class fields
128 Control the filetest permission operators
132 C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
136 Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
140 Request less of something from the compiler
144 Manipulate @INC at compile time
148 Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
152 Set default PerlIO layers for input and output
156 Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
160 Package for overloading Perl operations
164 Alter regular expression behaviour
168 Enable simple signal handling
172 Control sort() behaviour
176 Restrict unsafe constructs
184 Perl interpreter-based threads
186 =item threads::shared
188 Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
192 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
196 Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
200 Perl extension for Version Objects
204 Control VMS-specific language features
208 Control optional warnings
210 =item warnings::register
212 Warnings import function
216 =head2 Standard Modules
218 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
219 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
220 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
222 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
223 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
224 don't have the gdbm library.
230 Provide framework for multiple DBMs
234 Module for manipulations of tar archives
236 =item Archive::Tar::File
238 A subclass for in-memory extracted file from Archive::Tar
240 =item Attribute::Handlers
242 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
246 Load subroutines only on demand
250 Split a package for autoloading
258 Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode
262 Assemble Perl bytecode
270 Perl compiler's bytecode backend
274 Perl compiler's C backend
278 Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
282 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
286 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
290 Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
292 =item B::Disassembler
294 Disassemble Perl bytecode
302 Show lexical variables used in functions or files
306 Helper module for CC backend
310 Show what stashes are loaded
314 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
318 Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
322 Benchmark running times of Perl code
326 Load byte compiled perl code
330 Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
334 Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
338 CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
342 Interface to Netscape Cookies
346 CGI Interface for Fast CGI
350 Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
354 Simple Interface to Server Push
358 Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
362 Internal utilities used by CGI module
366 Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
368 =item CPAN::FirstTime
370 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
374 Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
378 Utility functions to compare CPAN versions
382 Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
386 Heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
390 Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
394 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
396 =item Compress::Raw::Zlib
398 Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library
402 Interface to zlib compression library
406 Access Perl configuration information
410 Get pathname of current working directory
414 Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
418 Filter DBM keys/values
420 =item DBM_Filter::compress
422 Filter for DBM_Filter
424 =item DBM_Filter::encode
426 Filter for DBM_Filter
428 =item DBM_Filter::int32
430 Filter for DBM_Filter
432 =item DBM_Filter::null
434 Filter for DBM_Filter
436 =item DBM_Filter::utf8
438 Filter for DBM_Filter
442 Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
446 Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval>
454 A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
456 =item Devel::SelfStubber
458 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
462 Modules that calculate message digests
466 Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
470 Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512
478 Calculate digests of files
482 Supply object methods for directory handles
486 Provides screen dump of Perl data.
490 Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
498 Alias definitions to encodings
502 Single Byte Encodings
504 =item Encode::CJKConstants
506 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
510 China-based Chinese Encodings
514 Internally used by Encode::CN
518 Internally used by Encode
524 =item Encode::Encoder
526 Object Oriented Encoder
528 =item Encode::Encoding
530 Encode Implementation Base Class
534 Guesses encoding from data
540 =item Encode::JP::H2Z
542 Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
544 =item Encode::JP::JIS7
546 Internally used by Encode::JP
552 =item Encode::KR::2022_KR
554 Internally used by Encode::KR
556 =item Encode::MIME::Header
558 MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
562 A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
564 =item Encode::Supported
566 Encodings supported by Encode
574 Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
576 =item Encode::Unicode
578 Various Unicode Transformation Formats
580 =item Encode::Unicode::UTF7
586 Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
590 Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
594 System errno constants
598 Implements default import method for modules
600 =item Exporter::Heavy
604 =item ExtUtils::CBuilder
606 Compile and link C code for Perl modules
608 =item ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows
610 Builder class for Windows platforms
612 =item ExtUtils::Command
614 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
616 =item ExtUtils::Command::MM
618 Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
620 =item ExtUtils::Constant
622 Generate XS code to import C header constants
624 =item ExtUtils::Constant::Base
626 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
628 =item ExtUtils::Constant::Utils
630 Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
632 =item ExtUtils::Constant::XS
634 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
636 =item ExtUtils::Embed
638 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
640 =item ExtUtils::Install
642 Install files from here to there
644 =item ExtUtils::Installed
646 Inventory management of installed modules
648 =item ExtUtils::Liblist
650 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
654 OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
656 =item ExtUtils::MM_AIX
658 AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
660 =item ExtUtils::MM_Any
662 Platform-agnostic MM methods
664 =item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
666 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
668 =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
670 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
672 =item ExtUtils::MM_DOS
674 DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
676 =item ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
678 Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
680 =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
682 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
684 =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
686 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
688 =item ExtUtils::MM_QNX
690 QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
692 =item ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
694 U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
696 =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
698 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
700 =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
702 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
704 =item ExtUtils::MM_VOS
706 VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
708 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
710 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
712 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win95
714 Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
718 ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
720 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
722 Create a module Makefile
724 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config
726 Wrapper around Config.pm
728 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ
730 Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
732 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial
734 Writing a module with MakeMaker
736 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes
738 Version-agnostic bytes.pm
740 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish
742 Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
744 =item ExtUtils::Manifest
746 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
748 =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
750 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
752 =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
754 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
756 =item ExtUtils::Packlist
758 Manage .packlist files
760 =item ExtUtils::ParseXS
762 Converts Perl XS code into C code
764 =item ExtUtils::testlib
766 Add blib/* directories to @INC
770 Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
774 Load the C Fcntl.h defines
778 Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
780 =item File::CheckTree
782 Run many filetest checks on a tree
786 Compare files or filehandles
790 Copy files or filehandles
794 DOS like globbing and then some
798 Traverse a directory tree.
802 Perl extension for BSD glob routine
804 =item File::GlobMapper
806 Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
810 Create or remove directory trees
814 Portably perform operations on file names
816 =item File::Spec::Cygwin
818 Methods for Cygwin file specs
820 =item File::Spec::Epoc
822 Methods for Epoc file specs
824 =item File::Spec::Functions
826 Portably perform operations on file names
828 =item File::Spec::Mac
830 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
832 =item File::Spec::OS2
834 Methods for OS/2 file specs
836 =item File::Spec::Unix
838 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
840 =item File::Spec::VMS
842 Methods for VMS file specs
844 =item File::Spec::Win32
846 Methods for Win32 file specs
850 Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
854 By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
858 Keep more files open than the system permits
862 Supply object methods for filehandles
866 Simplified source filtering
868 =item Filter::Util::Call
870 Perl Source Filter Utility Module
874 Locate directory of original perl script
878 Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
882 Extended processing of command line options
886 Process single-character switches with switch clustering
890 A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
892 =item Hash::Util::FieldHash
894 Associate references with data
898 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
902 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
904 =item I18N::LangTags::Detect
906 Detect the user's language preferences
908 =item I18N::LangTags::List
910 Tags and names for human languages
914 Query locale information
918 Load various IO modules
920 =item IO::Compress::Base
922 Base Class for IO::Compress modules
924 =item IO::Compress::Deflate
926 Write RFC 1950 files/buffers
928 =item IO::Compress::Gzip
930 Write RFC 1952 files/buffers
932 =item IO::Compress::RawDeflate
934 Write RFC 1951 files/buffers
936 =item IO::Compress::Zip
938 Write zip files/buffers
942 Supply object methods for directory handles
946 Supply object methods for filehandles
950 Supply object methods for I/O handles
954 Supply object methods for pipes
958 Object interface to system poll call
962 Supply seek based methods for I/O objects
966 OO interface to the select system call
970 Object interface to socket communications
972 =item IO::Socket::INET
974 Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
976 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
978 Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
980 =item IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate
982 Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip) file/buffer
984 =item IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress
986 Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2 or lzop file/buffer
988 =item IO::Uncompress::Base
990 Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules
992 =item IO::Uncompress::Gunzip
994 Read RFC 1952 files/buffers
996 =item IO::Uncompress::Inflate
998 Read RFC 1950 files/buffers
1000 =item IO::Uncompress::RawInflate
1002 Read RFC 1951 files/buffers
1004 =item IO::Uncompress::Unzip
1006 Read zip files/buffers
1010 IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib>
1014 Open a process for both reading and writing
1018 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
1024 =item IPC::SysV::Msg
1026 SysV Msg IPC object class
1028 =item IPC::SysV::Semaphore
1030 SysV Semaphore IPC object class
1034 A selection of general-utility list subroutines
1036 =item Locale::Constants
1038 Constants for Locale codes
1040 =item Locale::Country
1042 ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
1044 =item Locale::Currency
1046 ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
1048 =item Locale::Language
1050 ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
1052 =item Locale::Maketext
1054 Framework for localization
1056 =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
1058 Article about software localization
1060 =item Locale::Script
1062 ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
1066 Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
1068 =item MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint
1070 Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
1072 =item Math::BigFloat
1074 Arbitrary size floating point math package
1078 Arbitrary size integer/float math package
1080 =item Math::BigInt::Calc
1082 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
1084 =item Math::BigInt::CalcEmu
1086 Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
1088 =item Math::BigInt::FastCalc
1090 Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more speed
1094 Arbitrary big rational numbers
1098 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
1102 Trigonometric functions
1106 Make functions faster by trading space for time
1108 =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
1110 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
1112 =item Memoize::Expire
1114 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
1116 =item Memoize::ExpireFile
1118 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
1120 =item Memoize::ExpireTest
1122 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
1124 =item Memoize::NDBM_File
1126 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
1128 =item Memoize::SDBM_File
1130 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
1132 =item Memoize::Storable
1134 Store Memoized data in Storable database
1138 Build and install Perl modules
1140 =item Module::Build::API
1142 API Reference for Module Authors
1144 =item Module::Build::Authoring
1146 Authoring Module::Build modules
1148 =item Module::Build::Base
1150 Default methods for Module::Build
1152 =item Module::Build::Compat
1154 Compatibility with ExtUtils::MakeMaker
1156 =item Module::Build::ConfigData
1158 Configuration for Module::Build
1160 =item Module::Build::Cookbook
1162 Examples of Module::Build Usage
1164 =item Module::Build::ModuleInfo
1166 Gather package and POD information from a perl module files
1168 =item Module::Build::Notes
1170 Configuration for $module_name
1172 =item Module::Build::PPMMaker
1174 Perl Package Manager file creation
1176 =item Module::Build::Platform::Amiga
1178 Builder class for Amiga platforms
1180 =item Module::Build::Platform::Default
1182 Stub class for unknown platforms
1184 =item Module::Build::Platform::EBCDIC
1186 Builder class for EBCDIC platforms
1188 =item Module::Build::Platform::MPEiX
1190 Builder class for MPEiX platforms
1192 =item Module::Build::Platform::MacOS
1194 Builder class for MacOS platforms
1196 =item Module::Build::Platform::RiscOS
1198 Builder class for RiscOS platforms
1200 =item Module::Build::Platform::Unix
1202 Builder class for Unix platforms
1204 =item Module::Build::Platform::VMS
1206 Builder class for VMS platforms
1208 =item Module::Build::Platform::VOS
1210 Builder class for VOS platforms
1212 =item Module::Build::Platform::Windows
1214 Builder class for Windows platforms
1216 =item Module::Build::Platform::aix
1218 Builder class for AIX platform
1220 =item Module::Build::Platform::cygwin
1222 Builder class for Cygwin platform
1224 =item Module::Build::Platform::darwin
1226 Builder class for Mac OS X platform
1228 =item Module::Build::Platform::os2
1230 Builder class for OS/2 platform
1232 =item Module::Build::YAML
1234 Provides just enough YAML support so that Module::Build works even if YAML.pm is not installed
1236 =item Module::CoreList
1238 What modules shipped with versions of perl
1242 Runtime require of both modules and files
1244 =item Module::Loaded
1246 Mark modules as loaded or unloaded
1250 Tied access to ndbm files
1254 Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redispatch
1258 Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
1262 Local configuration data for libnet
1266 Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
1278 OO interface to users netrc file
1282 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
1286 Check a remote host for reachability
1290 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
1294 Time and daytime network client interface
1298 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
1300 =item Net::libnetFAQ
1302 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
1306 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
1310 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
1314 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
1318 Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
1322 Tied access to odbm files
1326 Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
1330 Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
1332 =item Package::Constants
1334 List all constants declared in a package
1338 On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
1340 =item PerlIO::encoding
1344 =item PerlIO::scalar
1346 In-memory IO, scalar IO
1350 Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
1352 =item PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
1354 PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
1358 Check pod documents for syntax errors
1362 For resolving Pod EE<lt>...E<gt> sequences
1366 Find POD documents in directory trees
1368 =item Pod::Functions
1370 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
1374 Module to convert pod files to HTML
1376 =item Pod::InputObjects
1378 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
1382 Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
1386 Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
1388 =item Pod::ParseLink
1390 Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
1392 =item Pod::ParseUtils
1394 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
1398 Base class for creating POD filters and translators
1400 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
1402 Let Perldoc check Pod for errors
1404 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
1406 Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
1408 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
1410 Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
1412 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
1414 Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
1416 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
1418 Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
1420 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToText
1422 Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
1424 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
1426 Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
1428 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
1430 Let Perldoc render Pod as XML
1432 =item Pod::PlainText
1434 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1438 Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
1442 Extract selected sections of POD from input
1446 Framework for parsing Pod
1448 =item Pod::Simple::Checker
1450 Check the Pod syntax of a document
1452 =item Pod::Simple::Debug
1454 Put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode
1456 =item Pod::Simple::DumpAsText
1458 Dump Pod-parsing events as text
1460 =item Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML
1464 =item Pod::Simple::HTML
1468 =item Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch
1470 Convert several Pod files to several HTML files
1472 =item Pod::Simple::LinkSection
1474 Represent "section" attributes of L codes
1476 =item Pod::Simple::Methody
1478 Turn Pod::Simple events into method calls
1480 =item Pod::Simple::PullParser
1482 A pull-parser interface to parsing Pod
1484 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken
1486 End-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1488 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken
1490 Start-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1492 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken
1494 Text-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1496 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserToken
1498 Tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1500 =item Pod::Simple::RTF
1504 =item Pod::Simple::Search
1506 Find POD documents in directory trees
1508 =item Pod::Simple::SimpleTree
1510 Parse Pod into a simple parse tree
1512 =item Pod::Simple::Subclassing
1514 Write a formatter as a Pod::Simple subclass
1516 =item Pod::Simple::Text
1518 Format Pod as plaintext
1520 =item Pod::Simple::TextContent
1522 Get the text content of Pod
1524 =item Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream
1530 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1532 =item Pod::Text::Color
1534 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
1536 =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
1538 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
1540 =item Pod::Text::Termcap
1542 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
1546 Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
1550 Tied access to sdbm files
1554 Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
1558 A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
1562 Search for key in dictionary file
1566 Save and restore selected file handle
1570 Load functions only on demand
1574 Run shell commands transparently within perl
1578 Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
1582 Persistence for Perl data structures
1586 A switch statement for Perl
1590 Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
1594 Try every conceivable way to get hostname
1598 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
1600 =item Term::ANSIColor
1602 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
1606 Perl termcap interface
1608 =item Term::Complete
1610 Perl word completion module
1612 =item Term::ReadLine
1614 Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
1618 Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
1622 Backend for building test libraries
1624 =item Test::Builder::Module
1626 Base class for test modules
1628 =item Test::Builder::Tester
1630 Test testsuites that have been built with
1632 =item Test::Builder::Tester::Color
1634 Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester
1638 Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
1640 =item Test::Harness::Assert
1644 =item Test::Harness::Iterator
1646 Internal Test::Harness Iterator
1648 =item Test::Harness::Point
1650 Object for tracking a single test point
1652 =item Test::Harness::Straps
1654 Detailed analysis of test results
1656 =item Test::Harness::TAP
1658 Documentation for the TAP format
1660 =item Test::Harness::Util
1662 Utility functions for Test::Harness::*
1666 Yet another framework for writing test scripts
1670 Basic utilities for writing tests.
1672 =item Test::Tutorial
1674 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
1678 Create an abbreviation table from a list
1680 =item Text::Balanced
1682 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
1684 =item Text::ParseWords
1686 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
1690 Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
1694 Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
1698 Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
1702 Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
1708 =item Thread::Semaphore
1710 Thread-safe semaphores
1712 =item Thread::Signal
1714 Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably (for old code)
1716 =item Thread::Specific
1718 Thread-specific keys
1722 Base class for tied arrays
1726 Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
1730 Base class definitions for tied handles
1734 Base class definitions for tied hashes
1738 Add data to hash when needed
1742 Use references as hash keys
1746 Base class definitions for tied scalars
1748 =item Tie::SubstrHash
1750 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
1754 High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers
1758 Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
1762 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
1764 =item Time::localtime
1766 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
1770 Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
1774 Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
1776 =item Unicode::Collate
1778 Unicode Collation Algorithm
1780 =item Unicode::Normalize
1782 Unicode Normalization Forms
1786 Unicode character database
1790 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
1794 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
1802 Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
1806 Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
1810 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
1811 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
1812 just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
1813 double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
1815 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
1816 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
1817 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
1819 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
1820 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
1821 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
1822 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
1823 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
1824 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
1825 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
1826 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
1828 Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
1829 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
1830 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
1833 =head2 Extension Modules
1835 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
1836 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
1837 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
1838 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1840 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1841 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
1842 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
1843 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
1844 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
1845 like Alta Vista or Google.
1849 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1850 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1851 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1852 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
1853 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
1855 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1856 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1863 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1871 Operating System Interfaces
1875 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1879 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1891 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1895 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1899 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1903 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1907 Internationalization and Locale
1911 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1915 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1919 Server and Daemon Utilities
1923 Archiving and Compression
1927 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
1931 Mail and Usenet News
1935 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
1939 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
1943 Miscellaneous Modules
1947 The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
1948 Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
1954 |-->[state/province]
1960 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
1961 European and the South American sites.
1963 You should try to choose one close to you.
1971 http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
1972 ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
1973 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
1974 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1975 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/
1985 http://cpan.linuxforum.net/
1986 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
1987 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
1988 ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN
1992 http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/
1993 http://cpan.cbn.net.id/
1994 ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN
1998 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
1999 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
2000 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
2001 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
2005 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
2006 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
2007 ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/
2008 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2010 ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/
2011 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
2012 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2016 http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my
2017 http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN
2018 http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN
2020 =item Russian Federation
2022 http://cpan.tomsk.ru
2023 ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/
2027 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
2031 http://CPAN.en.com.sg/
2032 ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/
2033 http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
2034 ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
2035 http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
2036 ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
2040 http://CPAN.bora.net/
2041 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
2042 http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN
2043 ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN
2047 ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
2048 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
2049 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
2050 http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
2051 ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
2052 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
2053 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
2054 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
2058 ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/
2059 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2063 =head2 Central America
2069 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
2070 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
2080 http://cpan.inode.at/
2082 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
2086 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
2087 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
2088 http://cpan.skynet.be
2089 ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
2090 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2092 =item Bosnia and Herzegovina
2094 http://cpan.blic.net/
2098 http://cpan.online.bg
2099 ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan
2100 http://cpan.zadnik.org
2101 ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/
2102 http://cpan.lirex.net/
2103 ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2107 http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
2108 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
2110 =item Czech Republic
2112 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
2113 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2117 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
2118 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
2119 http://cpan.cybercity.dk
2120 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
2121 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
2125 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2129 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2130 http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
2134 http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN
2135 http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
2136 ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
2137 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
2138 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
2139 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
2141 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
2142 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2143 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
2144 http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
2145 ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
2146 http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2147 ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2148 http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
2149 ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
2150 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
2151 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
2155 ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
2156 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
2157 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
2158 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
2159 http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
2160 ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
2161 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2162 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2163 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
2164 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
2165 http://cpan.noris.de/
2166 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
2167 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
2168 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
2172 ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl
2173 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2174 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
2178 http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/
2179 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
2183 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
2184 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
2188 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
2189 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
2190 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2191 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2192 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
2193 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
2197 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
2198 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
2199 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
2200 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
2201 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
2202 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/
2203 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
2204 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
2205 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
2206 http://cpan.flashnet.it/
2207 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
2211 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
2215 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
2219 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2220 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
2221 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2222 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
2223 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN
2224 ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/
2225 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
2226 http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
2227 ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
2228 http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
2229 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
2233 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2234 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
2238 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN
2239 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
2240 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2244 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
2245 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
2246 http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
2247 ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
2248 ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN
2249 http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2250 ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2252 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
2253 http://cpan.telepac.pt/
2254 ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/
2258 ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN
2259 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
2260 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
2261 ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/
2262 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
2263 ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2264 http://cpan.ambra.ro/
2265 ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN
2266 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
2267 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
2268 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
2272 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2273 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
2274 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2275 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
2276 ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/
2277 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
2278 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2282 ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
2286 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
2290 http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/
2291 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2292 ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN
2293 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
2297 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
2298 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
2299 http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN
2300 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
2301 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2305 http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
2306 ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2307 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
2308 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2312 http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/
2313 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN
2314 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
2320 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
2321 http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/
2322 ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/
2324 =item United Kingdom
2326 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2327 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2328 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
2329 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
2330 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
2331 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2332 http://cpan.etla.org/
2333 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
2334 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
2335 http://cpan.m.flirble.org/
2336 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2337 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
2338 http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/
2339 http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/
2340 ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/
2341 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
2345 =head2 North America
2355 http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
2356 ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
2360 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
2361 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
2365 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
2369 ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
2375 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
2376 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
2377 http://www.cpan.unam.mx/
2378 ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
2379 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
2380 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
2388 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
2389 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
2393 http://cpan.develooper.com/
2394 http://www.cpan.org/
2395 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
2396 http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2397 ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2398 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
2399 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
2400 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
2401 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
2402 http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
2403 ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
2404 http://cpan.digisle.net/
2405 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
2406 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
2407 http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN
2411 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2412 http://cpan.four10.com
2416 http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
2417 ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
2419 =item District of Columbia
2421 ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/
2425 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2426 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2427 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2428 http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/
2432 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2433 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
2434 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2435 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
2436 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
2437 http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
2438 ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
2439 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
2440 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
2444 http://cpan.uky.edu/
2445 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
2446 http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan
2447 ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN
2451 http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN
2452 ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN
2453 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2457 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
2458 http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
2459 ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
2463 http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
2464 ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
2468 http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
2469 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
2470 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
2471 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
2475 http://cpan.belfry.net/
2476 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2477 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2478 http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
2479 ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
2480 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
2481 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
2482 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
2484 =item North Carolina
2486 http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2487 ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2488 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
2489 ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2493 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
2497 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
2501 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
2502 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
2503 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
2504 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
2505 http://cpan.pair.com/
2506 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
2507 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2511 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
2515 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2516 http://www.binarycode.org/cpan
2517 ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN
2518 http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN
2522 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
2526 http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
2527 ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
2528 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
2529 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
2530 http://perl.secsup.org/
2531 ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
2532 http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/
2536 http://cpan.llarian.net/
2537 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
2538 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
2539 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
2540 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
2544 http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
2545 ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
2546 http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN
2547 ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN
2559 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
2560 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
2561 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
2562 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
2563 http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au
2567 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
2571 http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
2572 ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
2576 =head2 South America
2582 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
2583 http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
2584 ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
2588 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
2589 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
2590 http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
2591 ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
2595 http://cpan.netglobalis.net/
2596 ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/
2600 =head2 RSYNC Mirrors
2602 www.linux.org.ar::cpan
2603 theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
2604 ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
2605 rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
2606 ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
2608 rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN
2609 ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
2611 ftp.cbn.net.id::CPAN
2612 rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2613 ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
2614 gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
2615 ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
2616 ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
2617 mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN
2618 rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN
2619 mirror.averse.net::cpan
2620 rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
2621 ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN
2623 cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN
2624 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
2625 rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
2628 cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
2629 aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN
2630 archive.progeny.com::CPAN
2631 rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN
2632 mirror.aphix.com::CPAN
2633 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
2634 ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
2635 mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
2636 mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
2638 cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
2639 mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
2640 csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN
2642 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
2643 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
2645 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2647 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
2648 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
2650 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
2651 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
2652 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
2653 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
2654 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
2655 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
2657 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
2658 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
2659 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
2660 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
2661 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
2662 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
2663 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
2664 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
2665 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
2667 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
2673 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
2675 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
2676 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
2677 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
2678 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
2679 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
2680 with command line options.
2682 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
2683 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
2684 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
2685 scheme as the original author.
2689 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
2691 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
2692 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
2693 of code that need less warnings.
2695 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
2696 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
2701 return bless {}, $class;
2704 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
2705 or a virtual method.
2709 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
2710 return bless {}, $class;
2713 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
2714 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
2715 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
2716 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
2718 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
2719 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
2720 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
2721 class names as far as possible.
2723 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
2724 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
2726 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
2727 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
2728 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
2730 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
2732 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
2733 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
2734 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
2735 does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
2736 into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
2738 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
2739 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
2740 information in objects.
2744 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
2745 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
2746 of code that need less strictness.
2750 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
2756 Some simple style guidelines
2758 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
2760 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
2761 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
2762 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
2763 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
2765 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
2766 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
2767 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
2768 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
2770 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
2771 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
2772 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
2773 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
2775 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
2776 or nature of a variable. For example:
2778 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
2779 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
2780 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
2782 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
2783 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
2785 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
2786 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
2790 Select what to export.
2792 Do NOT export method names!
2794 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
2796 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
2797 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
2798 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
2800 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
2801 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
2802 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
2803 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
2805 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
2806 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
2807 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
2810 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
2811 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
2812 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
2816 Select a name for the module.
2818 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
2819 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
2820 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
2821 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
2822 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
2823 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
2824 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
2826 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
2827 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
2828 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
2829 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
2831 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
2832 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
2833 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
2834 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
2836 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
2837 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
2840 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
2841 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
2842 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
2843 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
2844 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
2846 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
2847 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
2848 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
2852 Have you got it right?
2854 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
2855 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
2856 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
2858 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
2859 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
2860 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
2862 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
2863 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
2864 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
2865 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
2867 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
2868 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
2869 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
2873 README and other Additional Files.
2875 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
2876 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
2877 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2878 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2884 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2888 A copyright notice - see below.
2892 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2896 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2904 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
2908 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2912 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2913 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2920 Adding a Copyright Notice.
2922 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2923 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2924 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2926 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
2927 and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
2928 or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
2929 just using the GNU GPL.
2931 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
2932 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
2934 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
2935 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
2936 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
2938 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
2939 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
2940 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
2944 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
2946 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
2947 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
2948 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
2949 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
2950 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
2951 See L<Exporter> for details.
2953 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
2954 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
2955 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
2956 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
2960 How to release and distribute a module.
2962 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
2963 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
2964 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
2967 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
2968 include details of its location in your announcement.
2970 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
2971 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
2972 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
2973 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
2974 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
2975 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
2976 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
2979 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
2981 Follow the instructions and links on:
2983 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
2984 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
2986 or upload to one of these sites:
2988 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
2989 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
2991 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
2993 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
2994 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
2997 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
3001 Take care when changing a released module.
3003 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
3004 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
3005 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
3011 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3017 There is no requirement to convert anything.
3019 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
3020 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
3021 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
3022 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
3026 Consider the implications.
3028 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
3029 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
3030 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
3034 Make the most of the opportunity.
3036 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
3037 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
3038 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
3042 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
3044 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
3045 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
3051 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
3055 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
3059 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
3063 Several other minor changes
3067 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
3068 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
3069 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
3073 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3079 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
3083 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
3085 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
3090 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
3094 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
3098 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
3100 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
3101 the application could invoked as:
3103 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
3105 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
3111 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
3112 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
3113 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
3114 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
3115 because it has a shotgun.
3117 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
3118 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
3119 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
3120 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
3121 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
3122 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.