2 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
6 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
8 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
10 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
11 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
12 files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
13 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
14 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
15 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
16 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
17 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
18 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
19 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
20 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
21 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
22 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
24 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
26 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
27 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
28 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
29 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
36 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
38 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
39 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
40 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
41 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
42 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
43 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
46 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
52 Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
56 Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
60 Postpone load of modules until a function is used
64 Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile time
68 Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
72 Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
76 Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
80 Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
84 Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
88 Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes
96 Produce verbose warning diagnostics
100 Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
102 =item encoding::warnings
104 Warn on implicit encoding conversions
108 Enable new syntactic features
112 Compile-time class fields
116 Control the filetest permission operators
120 C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
124 Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
128 Request less of something
132 Manipulate @INC at compile time
136 Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
140 Method Resolution Order
144 Set default PerlIO layers for input and output
148 Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
152 Package for overloading Perl operations
156 Alter regular expression behaviour
160 Enable simple signal handling
164 Control sort() behaviour
168 Restrict unsafe constructs
176 Perl interpreter-based threads
178 =item threads::shared
180 Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads
184 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
188 Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
192 Perl extension for Version Objects
196 Control VMS-specific language features
200 Control optional warnings
202 =item warnings::register
204 Warnings import function
208 =head2 Standard Modules
210 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
211 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
212 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
214 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
215 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
216 don't have the gdbm library.
222 Provide framework for multiple DBMs
224 =item Archive::Extract
226 A generic archive extracting mechanism
230 Module for manipulations of tar archives
232 =item Archive::Tar::File
234 A subclass for in-memory extracted file from Archive::Tar
236 =item Attribute::Handlers
238 Simpler definition of attribute handlers
242 Load subroutines only on demand
246 Split a package for autoloading
254 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
258 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
262 Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
270 Show lexical variables used in functions or files
274 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
278 Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
282 Benchmark running times of Perl code
286 Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
290 Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
294 CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
298 Interface to Netscape Cookies
302 CGI Interface for Fast CGI
306 Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
310 Simple Interface to Server Push
314 Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
318 Internal utilities used by CGI module
322 Pseudo-namespace for Perl's core routines
326 Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
328 =item CPAN::API::HOWTO
330 A recipe book for programming with CPAN.pm
332 =item CPAN::FirstTime
334 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
338 Interface between CPAN.pm and Kwalify.pm
342 Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
346 Utility functions to compare CPAN versions
350 API & CLI access to the CPAN mirrors
352 =item CPANPLUS::Dist::Base
354 Base class for custom distribution classes
356 =item CPANPLUS::Dist::Sample
358 Sample code to create your own Dist::* plugin
360 =item CPANPLUS::Shell::Classic
362 CPAN.pm emulation for CPANPLUS
364 =item CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::HOWTO
366 Documentation on how to write your own plugins
370 Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
374 Heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
378 Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
382 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
384 =item Compress::Raw::Zlib
386 Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library
390 Interface to zlib compression library
394 Access Perl configuration information
398 Get pathname of current working directory
402 Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API
406 Filter DBM keys/values
408 =item DBM_Filter::compress
410 Filter for DBM_Filter
412 =item DBM_Filter::encode
414 Filter for DBM_Filter
416 =item DBM_Filter::int32
418 Filter for DBM_Filter
420 =item DBM_Filter::null
422 Filter for DBM_Filter
424 =item DBM_Filter::utf8
426 Filter for DBM_Filter
430 Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
434 Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval>
440 =item Devel::InnerPackage
442 Find all the inner packages of a package
446 A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
448 =item Devel::SelfStubber
450 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
454 Modules that calculate message digests
458 Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
462 Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512
470 Calculate digests of files
474 Supply object methods for directory handles
478 Provides screen dump of Perl data.
482 Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
490 Alias definitions to encodings
494 Single Byte Encodings
496 =item Encode::CJKConstants
498 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
502 China-based Chinese Encodings
506 Internally used by Encode::CN
510 Internally used by Encode
516 =item Encode::Encoder
518 Object Oriented Encoder
520 =item Encode::Encoding
522 Encode Implementation Base Class
524 =item Encode::GSM0338
526 ESTI GSM 03.38 Encoding
530 Guesses encoding from data
536 =item Encode::JP::H2Z
538 Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
540 =item Encode::JP::JIS7
542 Internally used by Encode::JP
548 =item Encode::KR::2022_KR
550 Internally used by Encode::KR
552 =item Encode::MIME::Header
554 MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
556 =item Encode::MIME::Name
558 Internally used by Encode
562 A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
564 =item Encode::Supported
566 Encodings supported by Encode
574 Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
576 =item Encode::Unicode
578 Various Unicode Transformation Formats
580 =item Encode::Unicode::UTF7
586 Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
590 Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
594 System errno constants
598 Implements default import method for modules
600 =item Exporter::Heavy
604 =item ExtUtils::CBuilder
606 Compile and link C code for Perl modules
608 =item ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows
610 Builder class for Windows platforms
612 =item ExtUtils::Command
614 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
616 =item ExtUtils::Command::MM
618 Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
620 =item ExtUtils::Constant
622 Generate XS code to import C header constants
624 =item ExtUtils::Constant::Base
626 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
628 =item ExtUtils::Constant::Utils
630 Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
632 =item ExtUtils::Constant::XS
634 Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
636 =item ExtUtils::Embed
638 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
640 =item ExtUtils::Install
642 Install files from here to there
644 =item ExtUtils::Installed
646 Inventory management of installed modules
648 =item ExtUtils::Liblist
650 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
654 OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
656 =item ExtUtils::MM_AIX
658 AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
660 =item ExtUtils::MM_Any
662 Platform-agnostic MM methods
664 =item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
666 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
668 =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
670 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
672 =item ExtUtils::MM_DOS
674 DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
676 =item ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
678 Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
680 =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5
682 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
684 =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
686 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
688 =item ExtUtils::MM_QNX
690 QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
692 =item ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
694 U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
696 =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
698 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
700 =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
702 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
704 =item ExtUtils::MM_VOS
706 VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
708 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
710 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
712 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win95
714 Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
718 ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
720 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
722 Create a module Makefile
724 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config
726 Wrapper around Config.pm
728 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ
730 Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker
732 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial
734 Writing a module with MakeMaker
736 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes
738 Version-agnostic bytes.pm
740 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish
742 Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
744 =item ExtUtils::Manifest
746 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
748 =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
750 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
752 =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
754 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
756 =item ExtUtils::Packlist
758 Manage .packlist files
760 =item ExtUtils::ParseXS
762 Converts Perl XS code into C code
764 =item ExtUtils::testlib
766 Add blib/* directories to @INC
770 Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
774 Load the C Fcntl.h defines
778 Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
780 =item File::CheckTree
782 Run many filetest checks on a tree
786 Compare files or filehandles
790 Copy files or filehandles
794 DOS like globbing and then some
798 A generic file fetching mechanism
802 Traverse a directory tree.
806 Perl extension for BSD glob routine
808 =item File::GlobMapper
810 Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files
814 Create or remove directory trees
818 Portably perform operations on file names
820 =item File::Spec::Cygwin
822 Methods for Cygwin file specs
824 =item File::Spec::Epoc
826 Methods for Epoc file specs
828 =item File::Spec::Functions
830 Portably perform operations on file names
832 =item File::Spec::Mac
834 File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
836 =item File::Spec::OS2
838 Methods for OS/2 file specs
840 =item File::Spec::Unix
842 File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules
844 =item File::Spec::VMS
846 Methods for VMS file specs
848 =item File::Spec::Win32
850 Methods for Win32 file specs
854 Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
858 By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
862 Keep more files open than the system permits
866 Supply object methods for filehandles
870 Simplified source filtering
872 =item Filter::Util::Call
874 Perl Source Filter Utility Module
878 Locate directory of original perl script
882 Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
886 Extended processing of command line options
890 Process single-character switches with switch clustering
894 A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
896 =item Hash::Util::FieldHash
898 Support for Inside-Out Classes
902 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
906 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
908 =item I18N::LangTags::Detect
910 Detect the user's language preferences
912 =item I18N::LangTags::List
914 Tags and names for human languages
918 Query locale information
922 Load various IO modules
924 =item IO::Compress::Base
926 Base Class for IO::Compress modules
928 =item IO::Compress::Deflate
930 Write RFC 1950 files/buffers
932 =item IO::Compress::Gzip
934 Write RFC 1952 files/buffers
936 =item IO::Compress::RawDeflate
938 Write RFC 1951 files/buffers
940 =item IO::Compress::Zip
942 Write zip files/buffers
946 Supply object methods for directory handles
950 Supply object methods for filehandles
954 Supply object methods for I/O handles
958 Supply object methods for pipes
962 Object interface to system poll call
966 Supply seek based methods for I/O objects
970 OO interface to the select system call
974 Object interface to socket communications
976 =item IO::Socket::INET
978 Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
980 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
982 Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
984 =item IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate
986 Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip) file/buffer
988 =item IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress
990 Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2 or lzop file/buffer
992 =item IO::Uncompress::Base
994 Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules
996 =item IO::Uncompress::Gunzip
998 Read RFC 1952 files/buffers
1000 =item IO::Uncompress::Inflate
1002 Read RFC 1950 files/buffers
1004 =item IO::Uncompress::RawInflate
1006 Read RFC 1951 files/buffers
1008 =item IO::Uncompress::Unzip
1010 Read zip files/buffers
1014 IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib>
1018 Finding and running system commands made easy
1022 Open a process for both reading and writing
1026 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
1032 =item IPC::SysV::Msg
1034 SysV Msg IPC object class
1036 =item IPC::SysV::Semaphore
1038 SysV Semaphore IPC object class
1042 A selection of general-utility list subroutines
1044 =item Locale::Constants
1046 Constants for Locale codes
1048 =item Locale::Country
1050 ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
1052 =item Locale::Currency
1054 ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
1056 =item Locale::Language
1058 ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
1060 =item Locale::Maketext
1062 Framework for localization
1064 =item Locale::Maketext::Simple
1066 Simple interface to Locale::Maketext::Lexicon
1068 =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
1070 Article about software localization
1072 =item Locale::Script
1074 ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
1078 A generic message storing mechanism;
1080 =item Log::Message::Config
1082 Configuration options for Log::Message
1084 =item Log::Message::Handlers
1086 Message handlers for Log::Message
1088 =item Log::Message::Item
1090 Message objects for Log::Message
1094 Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
1096 =item MIME::QuotedPrint
1098 Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings
1100 =item Math::BigFloat
1102 Arbitrary size floating point math package
1106 Arbitrary size integer/float math package
1108 =item Math::BigInt::Calc
1110 Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
1112 =item Math::BigInt::CalcEmu
1114 Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
1116 =item Math::BigInt::FastCalc
1118 Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more speed
1122 Arbitrary big rational numbers
1126 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
1130 Trigonometric functions
1134 Make functions faster by trading space for time
1136 =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File
1138 Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use
1140 =item Memoize::Expire
1142 Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values
1144 =item Memoize::ExpireFile
1146 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
1148 =item Memoize::ExpireTest
1150 Test for Memoize expiration semantics
1152 =item Memoize::NDBM_File
1154 Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use
1156 =item Memoize::SDBM_File
1158 Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use
1160 =item Memoize::Storable
1162 Store Memoized data in Storable database
1166 Build and install Perl modules
1168 =item Module::Build::API
1170 API Reference for Module Authors
1172 =item Module::Build::Authoring
1174 Authoring Module::Build modules
1176 =item Module::Build::Base
1178 Default methods for Module::Build
1180 =item Module::Build::Compat
1182 Compatibility with ExtUtils::MakeMaker
1184 =item Module::Build::ConfigData
1186 Configuration for Module::Build
1188 =item Module::Build::Cookbook
1190 Examples of Module::Build Usage
1192 =item Module::Build::ModuleInfo
1194 Gather package and POD information from a perl module files
1196 =item Module::Build::Notes
1198 Configuration for $module_name
1200 =item Module::Build::PPMMaker
1202 Perl Package Manager file creation
1204 =item Module::Build::Platform::Amiga
1206 Builder class for Amiga platforms
1208 =item Module::Build::Platform::Default
1210 Stub class for unknown platforms
1212 =item Module::Build::Platform::EBCDIC
1214 Builder class for EBCDIC platforms
1216 =item Module::Build::Platform::MPEiX
1218 Builder class for MPEiX platforms
1220 =item Module::Build::Platform::MacOS
1222 Builder class for MacOS platforms
1224 =item Module::Build::Platform::RiscOS
1226 Builder class for RiscOS platforms
1228 =item Module::Build::Platform::Unix
1230 Builder class for Unix platforms
1232 =item Module::Build::Platform::VMS
1234 Builder class for VMS platforms
1236 =item Module::Build::Platform::VOS
1238 Builder class for VOS platforms
1240 =item Module::Build::Platform::Windows
1242 Builder class for Windows platforms
1244 =item Module::Build::Platform::aix
1246 Builder class for AIX platform
1248 =item Module::Build::Platform::cygwin
1250 Builder class for Cygwin platform
1252 =item Module::Build::Platform::darwin
1254 Builder class for Mac OS X platform
1256 =item Module::Build::Platform::os2
1258 Builder class for OS/2 platform
1260 =item Module::Build::YAML
1262 Provides just enough YAML support so that Module::Build works even if YAML.pm is not installed
1264 =item Module::CoreList
1266 What modules shipped with versions of perl
1270 Runtime require of both modules and files
1272 =item Module::Load::Conditional
1274 Looking up module information / loading at runtime
1276 =item Module::Loaded
1278 Mark modules as loaded or unloaded
1280 =item Module::Pluggable
1282 Automatically give your module the ability to have plugins
1284 =item Module::Pluggable::Object
1286 Automatically give your module the ability to have plugins
1290 Tied access to ndbm files
1294 Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redispatch
1298 Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
1302 Local configuration data for libnet
1306 Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain
1318 OO interface to users netrc file
1322 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
1326 Check a remote host for reachability
1330 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
1334 Time and daytime network client interface
1338 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
1340 =item Net::libnetFAQ
1342 Libnet Frequently Asked Questions
1346 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
1350 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
1354 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
1358 Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
1362 Tied access to odbm files
1366 Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
1370 Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
1372 =item Package::Constants
1374 List all constants declared in a package
1378 A generic input parsing/checking mechanism.
1382 On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
1384 =item PerlIO::encoding
1388 =item PerlIO::scalar
1390 In-memory IO, scalar IO
1394 Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
1396 =item PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
1398 PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
1402 Check pod documents for syntax errors
1406 For resolving Pod EE<lt>...E<gt> sequences
1410 Find POD documents in directory trees
1412 =item Pod::Functions
1414 Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod
1418 Module to convert pod files to HTML
1420 =item Pod::InputObjects
1422 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
1426 Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
1430 Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
1432 =item Pod::ParseLink
1434 Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
1436 =item Pod::ParseUtils
1438 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
1442 Base class for creating POD filters and translators
1444 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
1446 Let Perldoc check Pod for errors
1448 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
1450 Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
1452 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
1454 Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
1456 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
1458 Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
1460 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
1462 Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
1464 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToText
1466 Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
1468 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
1470 Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
1472 =item Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
1474 Let Perldoc render Pod as XML
1476 =item Pod::PlainText
1478 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1482 Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
1486 Extract selected sections of POD from input
1490 Framework for parsing Pod
1492 =item Pod::Simple::Checker
1494 Check the Pod syntax of a document
1496 =item Pod::Simple::Debug
1498 Put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode
1500 =item Pod::Simple::DumpAsText
1502 Dump Pod-parsing events as text
1504 =item Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML
1508 =item Pod::Simple::HTML
1512 =item Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch
1514 Convert several Pod files to several HTML files
1516 =item Pod::Simple::LinkSection
1518 Represent "section" attributes of L codes
1520 =item Pod::Simple::Methody
1522 Turn Pod::Simple events into method calls
1524 =item Pod::Simple::PullParser
1526 A pull-parser interface to parsing Pod
1528 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken
1530 End-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1532 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken
1534 Start-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1536 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken
1538 Text-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1540 =item Pod::Simple::PullParserToken
1542 Tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser
1544 =item Pod::Simple::RTF
1548 =item Pod::Simple::Search
1550 Find POD documents in directory trees
1552 =item Pod::Simple::SimpleTree
1554 Parse Pod into a simple parse tree
1556 =item Pod::Simple::Subclassing
1558 Write a formatter as a Pod::Simple subclass
1560 =item Pod::Simple::Text
1562 Format Pod as plaintext
1564 =item Pod::Simple::TextContent
1566 Get the text content of Pod
1568 =item Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream
1574 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
1576 =item Pod::Text::Color
1578 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
1580 =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
1582 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
1584 =item Pod::Text::Termcap
1586 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
1590 Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
1594 Tied access to sdbm files
1598 Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
1602 A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
1606 Search for key in dictionary file
1610 Save and restore selected file handle
1614 Load functions only on demand
1618 Run shell commands transparently within perl
1622 Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
1626 Persistence for Perl data structures
1630 A switch statement for Perl
1634 Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
1638 Try every conceivable way to get hostname
1642 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
1644 =item Sys::Syslog::win32::Win32
1646 Win32 support for Sys::Syslog
1648 =item Term::ANSIColor
1650 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
1654 Perl termcap interface
1656 =item Term::Complete
1658 Perl word completion module
1660 =item Term::ReadLine
1662 Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
1666 Term::ReadLine UI made easy
1670 Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
1674 Backend for building test libraries
1676 =item Test::Builder::Module
1678 Base class for test modules
1680 =item Test::Builder::Tester
1682 Test testsuites that have been built with
1684 =item Test::Builder::Tester::Color
1686 Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester
1690 Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
1692 =item Test::Harness::Assert
1696 =item Test::Harness::Iterator
1698 Internal Test::Harness Iterator
1700 =item Test::Harness::Point
1702 Object for tracking a single test point
1704 =item Test::Harness::Results
1706 Object for tracking results from a single test file
1708 =item Test::Harness::Straps
1710 Detailed analysis of test results
1712 =item Test::Harness::TAP
1714 Documentation for the TAP format
1716 =item Test::Harness::Util
1718 Utility functions for Test::Harness::*
1722 Yet another framework for writing test scripts
1726 Basic utilities for writing tests.
1728 =item Test::Tutorial
1730 A tutorial about writing really basic tests
1734 Create an abbreviation table from a list
1736 =item Text::Balanced
1738 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
1740 =item Text::ParseWords
1742 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
1746 Implementation of the soundex algorithm.
1750 Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
1754 Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
1758 Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
1764 =item Thread::Semaphore
1766 Thread-safe semaphores
1770 Base class for tied arrays
1774 Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
1778 Base class definitions for tied handles
1782 Base class definitions for tied hashes
1784 =item Tie::Hash::NamedCapture
1786 Named regexp capture buffers
1790 Add data to hash when needed
1794 Use references as hash keys
1798 Base class definitions for tied scalars
1800 =item Tie::SubstrHash
1802 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
1806 High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers
1810 Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
1814 Object Oriented time objects
1816 =item Time::Piece::Seconds
1818 A simple API to convert seconds to other date values
1822 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
1824 =item Time::localtime
1826 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
1830 Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
1834 Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
1836 =item Unicode::Collate
1838 Unicode Collation Algorithm
1840 =item Unicode::Normalize
1842 Unicode Normalization Forms
1846 Unicode character database
1850 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
1854 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
1858 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
1860 =item Win32API::File
1862 Low-level access to Win32 system API calls for files/dirs.
1866 Win32 CORE function stubs
1874 Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
1878 Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
1882 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
1883 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
1884 just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
1885 double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
1887 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
1888 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
1889 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
1891 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
1892 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
1893 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
1894 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
1895 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
1896 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
1897 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
1898 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
1900 Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
1901 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
1902 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
1905 =head2 Extension Modules
1907 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
1908 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
1909 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
1910 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
1912 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
1913 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
1914 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
1915 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
1916 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
1917 like Alta Vista or Google.
1921 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
1922 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
1923 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
1924 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
1925 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
1927 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
1928 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
1935 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
1943 Operating System Interfaces
1947 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
1951 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
1963 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
1967 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
1971 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
1975 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
1979 Internationalization and Locale
1983 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
1987 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
1991 Server and Daemon Utilities
1995 Archiving and Compression
1999 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
2003 Mail and Usenet News
2007 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
2011 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
2015 Miscellaneous Modules
2019 The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
2020 Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
2026 |-->[state/province]
2032 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
2033 European and the South American sites.
2035 You should try to choose one close to you.
2043 http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
2044 ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
2045 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
2046 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
2047 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/
2057 http://cpan.linuxforum.net/
2058 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
2059 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
2060 ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN
2064 http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/
2065 http://cpan.cbn.net.id/
2066 ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN
2070 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
2071 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
2072 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
2073 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
2077 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
2078 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
2079 ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/
2080 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2082 ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/
2083 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
2084 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2088 http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my
2089 http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN
2090 http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN
2092 =item Russian Federation
2094 http://cpan.tomsk.ru
2095 ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/
2099 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
2103 http://CPAN.en.com.sg/
2104 ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/
2105 http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
2106 ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
2107 http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
2108 ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
2112 http://CPAN.bora.net/
2113 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
2114 http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN
2115 ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN
2119 ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
2120 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
2121 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
2122 http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
2123 ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
2124 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
2125 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
2126 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
2130 ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/
2131 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2135 =head2 Central America
2141 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
2142 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
2152 http://cpan.inode.at/
2154 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
2158 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
2159 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
2160 http://cpan.skynet.be
2161 ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
2162 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2164 =item Bosnia and Herzegovina
2166 http://cpan.blic.net/
2170 http://cpan.online.bg
2171 ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan
2172 http://cpan.zadnik.org
2173 ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/
2174 http://cpan.lirex.net/
2175 ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2179 http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
2180 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
2182 =item Czech Republic
2184 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
2185 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2189 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
2190 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
2191 http://cpan.cybercity.dk
2192 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
2193 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
2197 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2201 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2202 http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
2206 http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN
2207 http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
2208 ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
2209 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
2210 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
2211 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
2213 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
2214 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2215 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
2216 http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
2217 ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
2218 http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2219 ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2220 http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
2221 ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
2222 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
2223 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
2227 ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
2228 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
2229 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
2230 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
2231 http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
2232 ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
2233 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2234 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2235 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
2236 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
2237 http://cpan.noris.de/
2238 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
2239 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
2240 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
2244 ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl
2245 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2246 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
2250 http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/
2251 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
2255 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
2256 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
2260 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
2261 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
2262 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2263 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2264 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
2265 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
2269 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
2270 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
2271 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
2272 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
2273 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
2274 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/
2275 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
2276 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
2277 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
2278 http://cpan.flashnet.it/
2279 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
2283 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
2287 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
2291 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2292 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
2293 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2294 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
2295 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN
2296 ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/
2297 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
2298 http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
2299 ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
2300 http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
2301 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
2305 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2306 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
2310 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN
2311 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
2312 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
2316 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
2317 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
2318 http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
2319 ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
2320 ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN
2321 http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2322 ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
2324 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
2325 http://cpan.telepac.pt/
2326 ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/
2330 ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN
2331 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
2332 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
2333 ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/
2334 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
2335 ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
2336 http://cpan.ambra.ro/
2337 ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN
2338 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
2339 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
2340 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
2344 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2345 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
2346 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2347 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
2348 ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/
2349 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
2350 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2354 ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
2358 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
2362 http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/
2363 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
2364 ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN
2365 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
2369 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
2370 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
2371 http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN
2372 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
2373 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
2377 http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
2378 ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2379 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
2380 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
2384 http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/
2385 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN
2386 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
2392 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
2393 http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/
2394 ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/
2396 =item United Kingdom
2398 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2399 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2400 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
2401 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
2402 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
2403 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
2404 http://cpan.etla.org/
2405 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
2406 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
2407 http://cpan.m.flirble.org/
2408 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2409 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
2410 http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/
2411 http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/
2412 ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/
2413 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
2417 =head2 North America
2427 http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
2428 ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
2432 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
2433 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
2437 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
2441 ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
2447 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
2448 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
2449 http://www.cpan.unam.mx/
2450 ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
2451 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
2452 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
2460 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
2461 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
2465 http://cpan.develooper.com/
2466 http://www.cpan.org/
2467 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
2468 http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2469 ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2470 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
2471 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
2472 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
2473 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
2474 http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
2475 ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
2476 http://cpan.digisle.net/
2477 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
2478 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
2479 http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN
2483 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2484 http://cpan.four10.com
2488 http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
2489 ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
2491 =item District of Columbia
2493 ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/
2497 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2498 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2499 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2500 http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/
2504 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
2505 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
2506 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2507 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
2508 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
2509 http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
2510 ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
2511 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
2512 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
2516 http://cpan.uky.edu/
2517 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
2518 http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan
2519 ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN
2523 http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN
2524 ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN
2525 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
2529 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
2530 http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
2531 ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
2535 http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
2536 ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
2540 http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
2541 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
2542 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
2543 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
2547 http://cpan.belfry.net/
2548 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2549 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/
2550 http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
2551 ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
2552 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
2553 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
2554 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
2556 =item North Carolina
2558 http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2559 ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
2560 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
2561 ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
2565 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
2569 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
2573 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
2574 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
2575 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
2576 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
2577 http://cpan.pair.com/
2578 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
2579 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
2583 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
2587 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
2588 http://www.binarycode.org/cpan
2589 ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN
2590 http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN
2594 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
2598 http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
2599 ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
2600 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
2601 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
2602 http://perl.secsup.org/
2603 ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
2604 http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/
2608 http://cpan.llarian.net/
2609 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
2610 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
2611 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
2612 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
2616 http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
2617 ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
2618 http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN
2619 ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN
2631 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
2632 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
2633 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
2634 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
2635 http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au
2639 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
2643 http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
2644 ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
2648 =head2 South America
2654 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
2655 http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
2656 ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
2660 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
2661 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
2662 http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
2663 ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
2667 http://cpan.netglobalis.net/
2668 ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/
2672 =head2 RSYNC Mirrors
2674 www.linux.org.ar::cpan
2675 theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
2676 ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
2677 rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
2678 ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
2680 rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN
2681 ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
2683 ftp.cbn.net.id::CPAN
2684 rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
2685 ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
2686 gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
2687 ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
2688 ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
2689 mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN
2690 rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN
2691 mirror.averse.net::cpan
2692 rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
2693 ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN
2695 cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN
2696 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
2697 rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
2700 cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
2701 aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN
2702 archive.progeny.com::CPAN
2703 rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN
2704 mirror.aphix.com::CPAN
2705 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
2706 ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
2707 mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
2708 mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
2710 cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
2711 mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
2712 csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN
2714 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
2715 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
2717 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2719 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
2720 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
2722 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
2723 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
2724 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
2725 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
2726 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
2727 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
2729 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
2730 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
2731 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
2732 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
2733 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
2734 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
2735 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
2736 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
2737 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
2739 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
2745 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
2747 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
2748 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
2749 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
2750 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
2751 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
2752 with command line options.
2754 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
2755 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
2756 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
2757 scheme as the original author.
2761 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
2763 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
2764 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
2765 of code that need less warnings.
2767 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
2768 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
2773 return bless {}, $class;
2776 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
2777 or a virtual method.
2781 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
2782 return bless {}, $class;
2785 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
2786 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
2787 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
2788 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
2790 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
2791 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
2792 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
2793 class names as far as possible.
2795 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
2796 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
2798 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
2799 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
2800 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
2802 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
2804 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
2805 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
2806 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
2807 does your application still work if you change: C<< $obj = YOURCLASS->new(); >>
2808 into: C<< $obj = SUBCLASS->new(); >> ?
2810 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
2811 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
2812 information in objects.
2816 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
2817 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
2818 of code that need less strictness.
2822 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
2828 Some simple style guidelines
2830 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
2832 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
2833 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
2834 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
2835 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
2837 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
2838 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
2839 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
2840 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
2842 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
2843 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
2844 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
2845 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
2847 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
2848 or nature of a variable. For example:
2850 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
2851 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
2852 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
2854 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
2855 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
2857 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
2858 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
2862 Select what to export.
2864 Do NOT export method names!
2866 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
2868 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
2869 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
2870 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
2872 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
2873 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
2874 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
2875 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
2877 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
2878 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
2879 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
2882 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
2883 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
2884 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
2888 Select a name for the module.
2890 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
2891 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
2892 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
2893 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
2894 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
2895 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
2896 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
2898 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
2899 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
2900 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
2901 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
2903 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
2904 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
2905 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
2906 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
2908 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
2909 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
2912 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
2913 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
2914 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
2915 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
2916 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
2918 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
2919 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
2920 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
2924 Have you got it right?
2926 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
2927 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
2928 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
2930 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
2931 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
2932 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
2934 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
2935 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
2936 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
2937 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
2939 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
2940 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
2941 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
2945 README and other Additional Files.
2947 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
2948 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
2949 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
2950 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
2956 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
2960 A copyright notice - see below.
2964 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
2968 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
2976 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
2980 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
2984 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
2985 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
2992 Adding a Copyright Notice.
2994 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
2995 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
2996 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
2998 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
2999 and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
3000 or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
3001 just using the GNU GPL.
3003 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
3004 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
3006 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
3007 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
3008 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
3010 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
3011 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
3012 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
3016 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
3018 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
3019 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
3020 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
3021 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
3022 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
3023 See L<Exporter> for details.
3025 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
3026 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
3027 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
3028 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
3032 How to release and distribute a module.
3034 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
3035 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
3036 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
3039 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
3040 include details of its location in your announcement.
3042 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
3043 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
3044 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
3045 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
3046 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
3047 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
3048 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
3051 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
3053 Follow the instructions and links on:
3055 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
3056 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
3058 or upload to one of these sites:
3060 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
3061 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
3063 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
3065 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
3066 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
3069 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
3073 Take care when changing a released module.
3075 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
3076 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
3077 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
3083 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3089 There is no requirement to convert anything.
3091 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
3092 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
3093 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
3094 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
3098 Consider the implications.
3100 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
3101 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
3102 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
3106 Make the most of the opportunity.
3108 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
3109 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
3110 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
3114 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
3116 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
3117 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
3123 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
3127 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
3131 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
3135 Several other minor changes
3139 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
3140 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
3141 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
3145 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3151 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
3155 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
3157 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
3162 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
3166 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
3170 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
3172 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
3173 the application could invoked as:
3175 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
3177 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
3183 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
3184 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
3185 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
3186 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
3187 because it has a shotgun.
3189 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
3190 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
3191 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
3192 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
3193 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
3194 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.