1 # Generated by perlmodlib.PL DO NOT EDIT!
5 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
9 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
11 Many modules are included the Perl distribution. These are described
12 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
13 file (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
14 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
15 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
16 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
17 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
18 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
19 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
20 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
21 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
22 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
23 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
25 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
27 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
28 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
29 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
30 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
37 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
39 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
40 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
41 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
42 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
43 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
44 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
47 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
53 Get/set subroutine or variable attributes
57 Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
61 Postpone load of modules until a function is used
65 Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
69 Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
73 Force byte semantics rather than character semantics
77 Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escape.
85 Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics
89 Compile-time class fields
93 Control the filetest permission operators
97 Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point
101 Request less of something from the compiler
105 Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations
109 Set default disciplines for input and output
113 Restrict unsafe operations when compiling
117 Package for overloading perl operations
121 Alter regular expression behaviour
125 Enable simple signal handling
129 Restrict unsafe constructs
135 =item unicode::distinct
137 Strictly distinguish UTF8 data and non-UTF data.
141 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code
145 Predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
149 Control optional warnings
151 =item warnings::register
153 Warnings import function
157 =head2 Standard Modules
159 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
160 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
161 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
167 Provide framework for multiple DBMs
171 Load subroutines only on demand
175 Split a package for autoloading
183 Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode
187 Assemble Perl bytecode
195 Perl compiler's bytecode backend
199 Perl compiler's C backend
203 Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
207 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
211 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
215 Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
217 =item B::Disassembler
219 Disassemble Perl bytecode
227 Show lexical variables used in functions or files
231 Helper module for CC backend
235 Show what stashes are loaded
239 Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
243 Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
247 Benchmark running times of Perl code
251 Load byte compiled perl code
255 Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
259 Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
263 CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log
267 Interface to Netscape Cookies
271 CGI Interface for Fast CGI
275 Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
279 Simple Interface to Server Push
283 Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
287 Internal utilities used by CGI module
291 Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
293 =item CPAN::FirstTime
295 Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
299 Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module
303 Warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
307 No user serviceable parts inside
311 Report the search path for a class's ISA tree
315 Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
319 Get pathname of current working directory
323 Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to
327 Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
329 =item Devel::SelfStubber
331 Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
335 Modules that calculate message digests
339 Supply object methods for directory handles
343 Provides screen dump of Perl data.
349 =item Encode::EncodeFormat
351 The format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
359 Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables
363 Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays
367 Implements default import method for modules
369 =item Exporter::Heavy
373 =item ExtUtils::Command
375 Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.
377 =item ExtUtils::Constant
379 Generate XS code to import C header constants
381 =item ExtUtils::Embed
383 Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
385 =item ExtUtils::Install
387 Install files from here to there
389 =item ExtUtils::Installed
391 Inventory management of installed modules
393 =item ExtUtils::Liblist
395 Determine libraries to use and how to use them
397 =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
399 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
401 =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2
403 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
405 =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix
407 Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
409 =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS
411 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
413 =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32
415 Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker
417 =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker
419 Create an extension Makefile
421 =item ExtUtils::Manifest
423 Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
425 =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
427 Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
429 =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists
431 Write linker options files for dynamic extension
433 =item ExtUtils::Packlist
435 Manage .packlist files
437 =item ExtUtils::testlib
439 Add blib/* directories to @INC
443 Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
447 Load the C Fcntl.h defines
451 Split a pathname into pieces
453 =item File::CheckTree
455 Run many filetest checks on a tree
459 Compare files or filehandles
463 Copy files or filehandles
467 DOS like globbing and then some
475 Create or remove directory trees
479 Portably perform operations on file names
481 =item File::Spec::Epoc
483 Methods for Epoc file specs
485 =item File::Spec::Functions
487 Portably perform operations on file names
489 =item File::Spec::Mac
493 =item File::Spec::OS2
495 Methods for OS/2 file specs
497 =item File::Spec::Unix
499 Methods used by File::Spec
501 =item File::Spec::VMS
503 Methods for VMS file specs
505 =item File::Spec::Win32
507 Methods for Win32 file specs
511 Return name and handle of a temporary file safely
515 By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
519 Keep more files open than the system permits
523 Supply object methods for filehandles
527 Simplified source filtering
531 Locate directory of original perl script
535 Extended processing of command line options
539 Process single-character switches with switch clustering
543 Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale
547 Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags
549 =item I18N::LangTags::List
551 List of tags for human languages
555 Load various IO modules
559 Open a process for both reading and writing
563 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling
565 =item Locale::Constants
567 Constants for Locale codes
569 =item Locale::Country
571 ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
573 =item Locale::Currency
575 ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)
577 =item Locale::Language
579 ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)
581 =item Locale::Maketext
583 Framework for localization
585 =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
587 Article about software localization
591 Arbitrary length float math package
595 Arbitrary size integer math package
599 Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions
603 Trigonometric functions
607 Tied access to ndbm files
611 Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
615 Check a remote host for reachability
619 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions
623 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions
627 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions
631 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions
635 Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
639 Tied access to odbm files
643 Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
647 Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
651 On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space
655 Check pod documents for syntax errors
659 Find POD documents in directory trees
663 Module to convert pod files to HTML
665 =item Pod::InputObjects
667 Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.
671 Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
675 Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
677 =item Pod::ParseUtils
679 Helpers for POD parsing and conversion
683 Base class for creating POD filters and translators
687 Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
691 Extract selected sections of POD from input
695 Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
697 =item Pod::Text::Color
699 Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
701 =item Pod::Text::Overstrike
703 Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text
705 =item Pod::Text::Termcap
707 Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes
711 Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
715 Tied access to sdbm files
719 Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
723 Search for key in dictionary file
727 Save and restore selected file handle
731 Load functions only on demand
735 Run shell commands transparently within perl
739 Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
743 Persistency for perl data structures
747 A switch statement for Perl
751 Manipulate Perl symbols and their names
753 =item Term::ANSIColor
755 Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
759 Perl termcap interface
763 Perl word completion module
767 Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
771 Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
775 Run perl standard test scripts with statistics
779 Create an abbreviation table from a list
783 Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
785 =item Text::ParseWords
787 Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays
791 Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth
795 Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)
799 Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
803 Base class for tied arrays
807 Base class definitions for tied handles
811 Base class definitions for tied hashes
815 Use references as hash keys
819 Base class definitions for tied scalars
821 =item Tie::SubstrHash
823 Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
827 Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
831 By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function
833 =item Time::localtime
835 By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function
839 Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
843 Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
847 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions
851 By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions
855 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
859 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
860 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
863 % find `perl -e 'print "@INC"'` -name '*.pm' -print
865 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
866 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
867 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
868 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
869 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
870 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
871 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
873 =head2 Extension Modules
875 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
876 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
877 but may also be be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
878 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
880 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
881 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
882 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
883 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
884 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
885 like Alta Vista or Deja News.
889 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
890 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
891 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
892 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
893 CPAN can be found at http://cpan.perl.com/ and at
894 http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_perl/cpan-search.pl .
896 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
897 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
904 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
912 Operating System Interfaces
916 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
920 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
932 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
936 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
940 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
944 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
948 Internationalization and Locale
952 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
956 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
960 Server and Daemon Utilities
964 Archiving and Compression
968 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
976 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
980 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
984 Miscellaneous Modules
988 Registered CPAN sites as of this writing include the following.
989 You should try to choose one close to you:
999 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
1000 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
1001 ftp://ftpza.co.za/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1002 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/
1014 ftp://freesoft.cei.gov.cn/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1015 http://www2.linuxforum.net/mirror/CPAN/
1016 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
1017 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
1023 http://CPAN.pacific.net.hk/
1024 ftp://ftp.pacific.net.hk/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1030 http://piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
1031 ftp://mirrors.piksi.itb.ac.id/CPAN/
1032 http://CPAN.mweb.co.id/
1033 ftp://ftp.mweb.co.id/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1039 http://www.iglu.org.il:/pub/CPAN/
1040 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
1041 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1042 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
1048 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1049 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
1050 http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1051 ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
1052 ftp://ftp.meisei-u.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1053 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1054 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
1055 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1061 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
1067 http://cpan.hjc.edu.sg
1068 http://ftp.nus.edu.sg/unix/perl/CPAN/
1069 ftp://ftp.nus.edu.sg/pub/unix/perl/CPAN/
1075 http://CPAN.bora.net/
1076 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
1077 http://ftp.kornet.net/CPAN/
1078 ftp://ftp.kornet.net/pub/CPAN/
1079 ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/
1085 ftp://coda.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
1086 ftp://ftp.ee.ncku.edu.tw/pub/perl/CPAN/
1087 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
1093 http://download.nectec.or.th/CPAN/
1094 ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/languages/CPAN/
1095 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1099 =head2 Central America
1107 ftp://ftp.linux.co.cr/mirrors/CPAN/
1108 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
1109 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
1121 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1127 http://ftp.easynet.be/CPAN/
1128 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/CPAN/
1129 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1135 ftp://ftp.ntrl.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1141 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
1147 http://www.fi.muni.cz/pub/perl/
1148 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/perl/
1149 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1155 ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1156 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
1157 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1163 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1164 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1165 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
1166 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1167 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
1168 ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/
1169 http://mirror.uklinux.net/CPAN/
1170 ftp://mirror.uklinux.net/pub/CPAN/
1171 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
1177 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1183 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1189 ftp://cpan.ftp.worldonline.fr/pub/CPAN/
1190 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1191 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1192 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1193 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
1194 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
1195 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
1201 ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/
1202 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1203 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
1204 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
1205 ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/CPAN/
1206 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1207 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1208 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
1209 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/general/programming/languages/script/perl/CPAN/
1210 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
1211 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
1217 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
1218 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
1224 http://cpan.artifact.hu/
1225 ftp://cpan.artifact.hu/CPAN/
1226 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
1233 ftp://ftp.gm.is/pub/CPAN/
1239 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
1240 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
1241 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1242 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
1248 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
1249 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
1250 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
1251 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
1252 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
1253 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/
1254 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
1255 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
1256 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
1257 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
1263 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
1269 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1270 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
1271 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1272 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
1273 http://www.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1274 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
1280 ftp://sunsite.uio.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1281 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
1287 ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1288 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.com/
1289 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
1290 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
1296 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
1297 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
1298 ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
1299 ftp://ftp.netc.pt/pub/CPAN/
1305 ftp://archive.logicnet.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1306 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
1307 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
1308 ftp://ftp.opsynet.com/cpan/
1309 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
1310 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1316 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1317 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
1318 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1319 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
1320 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1326 ftp://ftp.entry.sk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1332 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
1338 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
1339 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
1345 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
1346 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
1347 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
1353 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
1354 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
1360 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
1364 =head2 North America
1378 http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1379 ftp://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/Mirror/CPAN/
1385 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1386 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
1392 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
1398 ftp://ftp.crc.ca/pub/packages/lang/perl/CPAN/
1404 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
1405 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
1419 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1420 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
1426 http://www.cpan.org/
1427 ftp://ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
1428 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
1429 ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/
1430 http://www.kernel.org/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1431 ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/mirrors/cpan/
1432 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
1433 http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1439 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1445 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1451 ftp://ftp.twoguys.org/CPAN/
1457 http://www.neurogames.com/mirrors/CPAN
1458 http://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1459 ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1465 ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
1466 http://cpan.nitco.com/
1467 ftp://cpan.nitco.com/pub/CPAN/
1468 ftp://cpan.in-span.net/
1469 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1470 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
1476 http://cpan.uky.edu/
1477 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
1483 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
1484 ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/
1490 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
1496 ftp://ftp.freesoftware.com/pub/perl/CPAN/
1497 http://www.deao.net/mirrors/CPAN/
1498 ftp://ftp.deao.net/pub/CPAN/
1499 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
1500 http://mirror.nyc.anidea.com/CPAN/
1501 ftp://mirror.nyc.anidea.com/pub/CPAN/
1502 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1503 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
1504 ftp://mirrors.cloud9.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1510 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
1516 ftp://ftp.loaded.net/pub/CPAN/
1522 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
1528 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/packages/CPAN/
1534 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
1535 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
1536 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1542 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
1548 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
1549 http://jhcloos.com/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1550 ftp://jhcloos.com/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1556 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
1562 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1563 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
1564 ftp://ruff.cs.jmu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1565 http://perl.Liquidation.com/CPAN/
1571 http://cpan.llarian.net/
1572 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
1573 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
1574 ftp://ftp.spu.edu/pub/CPAN/
1588 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1589 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
1590 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
1591 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
1597 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
1601 =head2 South America
1609 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
1615 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
1616 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/
1617 ftp://cpan.if.usp.br/pub/mirror/CPAN/
1623 ftp://ftp.psinet.cl/pub/programming/perl/CPAN/
1624 ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/perl/
1628 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
1629 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
1631 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1633 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
1634 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
1636 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
1637 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
1638 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
1639 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
1640 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
1641 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
1643 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
1644 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
1645 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
1646 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
1647 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
1648 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
1649 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
1650 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
1651 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
1653 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
1659 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
1661 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
1662 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
1663 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
1664 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
1665 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
1666 with command line options.
1668 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
1669 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
1670 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
1671 scheme as the original author.
1675 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1677 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1678 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1679 of code that need less warnings.
1681 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1682 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1687 return bless {}, $class;
1690 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1691 or a virtual method.
1695 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1696 return bless {}, $class;
1699 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1700 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1701 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1702 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1704 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1705 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1706 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1707 class names as far as possible.
1709 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1710 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
1712 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1713 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1714 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1716 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1718 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1719 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1720 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1721 does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
1722 into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
1724 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1725 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1726 information in objects.
1730 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1731 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1732 of code that need less strictness.
1736 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
1742 Some simple style guidelines
1744 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1746 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1747 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
1748 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
1749 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
1751 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
1752 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
1753 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
1754 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
1756 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
1757 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
1758 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
1759 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
1761 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
1762 or nature of a variable. For example:
1764 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
1765 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
1766 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
1768 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
1769 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
1771 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
1772 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
1776 Select what to export.
1778 Do NOT export method names!
1780 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
1782 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
1783 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
1784 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
1786 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
1787 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
1788 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
1789 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
1791 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
1792 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
1793 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
1796 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
1797 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
1798 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
1802 Select a name for the module.
1804 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
1805 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
1806 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
1807 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
1808 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
1809 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
1810 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
1812 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
1813 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
1814 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
1815 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
1817 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
1818 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
1819 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
1820 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
1822 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
1823 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
1826 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
1827 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
1828 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
1829 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
1830 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
1832 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
1833 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
1834 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
1838 Have you got it right?
1840 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
1841 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
1842 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
1844 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
1845 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
1846 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
1848 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
1849 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
1850 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
1851 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
1853 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
1854 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
1855 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
1859 README and other Additional Files.
1861 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
1862 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
1863 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
1864 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
1870 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
1874 A copyright notice - see below.
1878 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
1882 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
1890 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
1894 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
1898 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
1899 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
1904 =item Adding a Copyright Notice.
1907 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
1908 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
1909 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
1911 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU
1912 GPL and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and
1913 Artistic). Larry has good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.
1915 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
1916 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
1918 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
1919 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
1920 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
1922 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
1923 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
1924 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
1928 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
1930 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
1931 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
1932 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
1933 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
1934 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
1935 See L<Exporter> for details.
1937 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
1938 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
1939 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
1940 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
1944 How to release and distribute a module.
1946 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
1947 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
1948 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
1951 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
1952 include details of its location in your announcement.
1954 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
1955 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
1956 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
1957 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
1958 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
1959 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
1960 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
1963 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
1965 Follow the instructions and links on:
1967 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
1968 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
1970 or upload to one of these sites:
1972 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
1973 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
1975 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
1977 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
1978 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
1981 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
1985 Take care when changing a released module.
1987 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
1988 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
1989 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
1995 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2001 There is no requirement to convert anything.
2003 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
2004 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
2005 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
2006 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
2010 Consider the implications.
2012 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
2013 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
2014 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
2018 Make the most of the opportunity.
2020 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
2021 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
2022 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
2026 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
2028 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
2029 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
2035 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
2039 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
2043 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
2047 Several other minor changes
2051 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
2052 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
2053 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
2057 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2063 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
2067 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
2069 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
2074 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
2078 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
2082 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
2084 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
2085 the application could invoked as:
2087 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
2089 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
2095 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
2096 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
2097 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
2098 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
2099 because it has a shotgun.
2101 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
2102 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
2103 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
2104 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
2105 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
2106 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.