9 chdir $FindBin::Bin or die "$0: Can't chdir $FindBin::Bin: $!";
11 my $Quiet = @ARGV && $ARGV[0] eq '-q';
13 open (OUT, ">perlmodlib.pod") or die $!;
14 my (@pragma, @mod, @files);
16 # MANIFEST itself is Unix style filenames, so we have to assume that Unix style
17 # filenames will work.
19 open (MANIFEST, "../MANIFEST") or die $!;
20 @files = grep m#(?:\.pm|\.pod|_pm\.PL)#, map {s/\s.*//s; $_}
21 grep {m#^lib# || m#^ext#} grep !m#/(?:t|demo)/#, <MANIFEST>;
24 'abbrev' => 'Text::Abbrev',
26 'getopt' => 'Getopt::Std',
27 'B<CGI::Carp>' => 'CGI::Carp',
28 'ModuleInfo' => 'Module::Build::ModuleInfo',
29 '$notes_name' => 'Module::Build::Notes',
30 'Encode::MIME::NAME' => 'Encode::MIME::Name',
31 'libnetFAQ' => 'Net::libnetFAQ',
34 for my $filename (@files) {
35 unless (open MOD, '<', "../$filename") {
36 warn "Couldn't open ../$filename: $!";
45 next unless /^=head1 NAME/;
51 warn "$filename missing =head1 NAME (OK if respective .pod exists)\n"
59 ($name, $thing) = split / --? /, $title, 2;
61 unless ($name and $thing) {
62 warn "$filename missing name\n" unless $name;
63 warn "$filename missing thing\n" unless $thing or $Quiet;
67 $name =~ s/[^A-Za-z0-9_:\$<>].*//;
68 $name = $exceptions{$name} || $name;
69 $thing =~ s/^perl pragma to //i;
70 $thing = ucfirst $thing;
71 $title = "=item $name\n\n$thing\n\n";
73 if ($name =~ /[A-Z]/) {
80 # Much easier to special case it like this than special case the depending on
81 # and parsing lib/Config.pod, or special case opening configpm and finding its
82 # =head1 (which is not found with the $/="" above)
83 push @mod, <<'CONFIG';
86 Access Perl configuration information
92 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
96 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
98 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
100 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
101 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
102 files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
103 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
104 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
105 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
106 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
107 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
108 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
109 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
110 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
111 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
112 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
114 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
116 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
117 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
118 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
119 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
126 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
128 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
129 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
130 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
131 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
132 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
133 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
136 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
142 print OUT $_ for (sort @pragma);
147 =head2 Standard Modules
149 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
150 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
151 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
153 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
154 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
155 don't have the gdbm library.
161 print OUT $_ for (sort @mod);
166 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
167 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
168 just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
169 double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
171 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
172 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
173 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
175 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
176 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
177 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
178 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
179 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
180 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
181 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
182 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
184 Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
185 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
186 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
189 =head2 Extension Modules
191 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
192 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
193 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
194 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
196 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
197 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
198 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
199 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
200 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
201 like Alta Vista or Google.
205 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
206 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
207 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
208 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
209 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
211 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
212 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
219 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
227 Operating System Interfaces
231 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
235 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
247 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
251 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
255 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
259 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
263 Internationalization and Locale
267 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
271 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
275 Server and Daemon Utilities
279 Archiving and Compression
283 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
291 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
295 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
299 Miscellaneous Modules
303 The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
304 Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
316 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
317 European and the South American sites.
319 You should try to choose one close to you.
327 http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
328 ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
329 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
330 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
331 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/
341 http://cpan.linuxforum.net/
342 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
343 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
344 ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN
348 http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/
349 http://cpan.cbn.net.id/
350 ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN
354 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
355 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
356 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
357 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
361 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
362 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
363 ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/
364 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
366 ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/
367 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
368 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
372 http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my
373 http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN
374 http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN
376 =item Russian Federation
383 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
387 http://CPAN.en.com.sg/
388 ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/
389 http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
390 ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
391 http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
392 ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
396 http://CPAN.bora.net/
397 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
398 http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN
399 ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN
403 ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
404 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
405 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
406 http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
407 ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
408 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
409 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
410 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
414 ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/
415 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
419 =head2 Central America
425 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
426 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
436 http://cpan.inode.at/
438 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
442 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
443 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
444 http://cpan.skynet.be
445 ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
446 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
448 =item Bosnia and Herzegovina
450 http://cpan.blic.net/
454 http://cpan.online.bg
455 ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan
456 http://cpan.zadnik.org
457 ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/
458 http://cpan.lirex.net/
459 ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN
463 http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
464 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
468 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
469 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
473 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
474 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
475 http://cpan.cybercity.dk
476 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
477 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
481 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
485 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
486 http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
490 http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN
491 http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
492 ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
493 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
494 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
495 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
497 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
498 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
499 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
500 http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
501 ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
502 http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
503 ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
504 http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
505 ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
506 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
507 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
511 ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
512 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
513 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
514 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
515 http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
516 ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
517 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
518 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
519 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
520 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
521 http://cpan.noris.de/
522 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
523 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
524 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
528 ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl
529 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
530 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
534 http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/
535 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
539 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
540 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
544 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
545 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
546 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
547 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
548 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
549 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
553 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
554 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
555 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
556 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
557 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
558 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/
559 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
560 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
561 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
562 http://cpan.flashnet.it/
563 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
567 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
571 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
575 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
576 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
577 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
578 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
579 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN
580 ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/
581 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
582 http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
583 ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
584 http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
585 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
589 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
590 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
594 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN
595 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
596 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
600 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
601 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
602 http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
603 ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
604 ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN
605 http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
606 ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
608 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
609 http://cpan.telepac.pt/
610 ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/
614 ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN
615 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
616 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
617 ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/
618 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
619 ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
620 http://cpan.ambra.ro/
621 ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN
622 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
623 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
624 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
628 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
629 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
630 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
631 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
632 ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/
633 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
634 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
638 ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
642 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
646 http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/
647 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
648 ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN
649 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
653 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
654 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
655 http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN
656 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
657 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
661 http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
662 ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
663 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
664 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
668 http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/
669 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN
670 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
676 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
677 http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/
678 ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/
682 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
683 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
684 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
685 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
686 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
687 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
688 http://cpan.etla.org/
689 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
690 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
691 http://cpan.m.flirble.org/
692 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
693 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
694 http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/
695 http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/
696 ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/
697 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
711 http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
712 ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
716 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
717 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
721 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
725 ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
731 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
732 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
733 http://www.cpan.unam.mx/
734 ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
735 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
736 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
744 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
745 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
749 http://cpan.develooper.com/
751 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
752 http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
753 ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
754 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
755 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
756 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
757 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
758 http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
759 ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
760 http://cpan.digisle.net/
761 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
762 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
763 http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN
767 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
768 http://cpan.four10.com
772 http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
773 ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
775 =item District of Columbia
777 ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/
781 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
782 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
783 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
784 http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/
788 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
789 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
790 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
791 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
792 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
793 http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
794 ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
795 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
796 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
801 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
802 http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan
803 ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN
807 http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN
808 ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN
809 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
813 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
814 http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
815 ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
819 http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
820 ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
824 http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
825 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
826 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
827 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
831 http://cpan.belfry.net/
832 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
833 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/
834 http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
835 ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
836 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
837 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
838 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
842 http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
843 ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
844 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
845 ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
849 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
853 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
857 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
858 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
859 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
860 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
861 http://cpan.pair.com/
862 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
863 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
867 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
871 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
872 http://www.binarycode.org/cpan
873 ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN
874 http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN
878 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
882 http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
883 ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
884 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
885 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
886 http://perl.secsup.org/
887 ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
888 http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/
892 http://cpan.llarian.net/
893 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
894 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
895 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
896 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
900 http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
901 ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
902 http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN
903 ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN
915 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
916 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
917 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
918 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
919 http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au
923 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
927 http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
928 ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
938 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
939 http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
940 ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
944 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
945 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
946 http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
947 ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
951 http://cpan.netglobalis.net/
952 ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/
958 www.linux.org.ar::cpan
959 theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
960 ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
961 rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
962 ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
964 rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN
965 ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
968 rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
969 ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
970 gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
971 ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
972 ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
973 mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN
974 rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN
975 mirror.averse.net::cpan
976 rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
977 ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN
979 cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN
980 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
981 rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
984 cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
985 aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN
986 archive.progeny.com::CPAN
987 rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN
988 mirror.aphix.com::CPAN
989 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
990 ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
991 mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
992 mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
994 cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
995 mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
996 csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN
998 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
999 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
1001 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1003 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
1004 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
1006 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
1007 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
1008 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
1009 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
1010 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
1011 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
1013 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
1014 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
1015 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
1016 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
1017 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
1018 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
1019 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
1020 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
1021 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
1023 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
1029 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
1031 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
1032 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
1033 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
1034 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
1035 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
1036 with command line options.
1038 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
1039 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
1040 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
1041 scheme as the original author.
1045 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1047 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1048 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1049 of code that need less warnings.
1051 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1052 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1057 return bless {}, $class;
1060 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1061 or a virtual method.
1065 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1066 return bless {}, $class;
1069 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1070 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1071 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1072 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1074 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1075 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1076 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1077 class names as far as possible.
1079 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1080 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
1082 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1083 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1084 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1086 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1088 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1089 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1090 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1091 does your application still work if you change: C<< $obj = YOURCLASS->new(); >>
1092 into: C<< $obj = SUBCLASS->new(); >> ?
1094 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1095 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1096 information in objects.
1100 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1101 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1102 of code that need less strictness.
1106 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
1112 Some simple style guidelines
1114 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1116 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1117 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
1118 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
1119 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
1121 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
1122 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
1123 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
1124 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
1126 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
1127 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
1128 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
1129 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
1131 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
1132 or nature of a variable. For example:
1134 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
1135 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
1136 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
1138 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
1139 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
1141 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
1142 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
1146 Select what to export.
1148 Do NOT export method names!
1150 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
1152 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
1153 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
1154 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
1156 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
1157 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
1158 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
1159 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
1161 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
1162 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
1163 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
1166 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
1167 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
1168 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
1172 Select a name for the module.
1174 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
1175 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
1176 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
1177 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
1178 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
1179 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
1180 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
1182 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
1183 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
1184 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
1185 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
1187 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
1188 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
1189 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
1190 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
1192 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
1193 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
1196 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
1197 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
1198 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
1199 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
1200 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
1202 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
1203 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
1204 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
1208 Have you got it right?
1210 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
1211 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
1212 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
1214 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
1215 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
1216 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
1218 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
1219 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
1220 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
1221 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
1223 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
1224 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
1225 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
1229 README and other Additional Files.
1231 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
1232 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
1233 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
1234 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
1240 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
1244 A copyright notice - see below.
1248 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
1252 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
1260 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
1264 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
1268 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
1269 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
1276 Adding a Copyright Notice.
1278 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
1279 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
1280 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
1282 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
1283 and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
1284 or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
1285 just using the GNU GPL.
1287 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
1288 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
1290 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
1291 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
1292 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
1294 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
1295 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
1296 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
1300 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
1302 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
1303 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
1304 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
1305 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
1306 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
1307 See L<Exporter> for details.
1309 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
1310 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
1311 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
1312 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
1316 How to release and distribute a module.
1318 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
1319 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
1320 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
1323 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
1324 include details of its location in your announcement.
1326 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
1327 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
1328 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
1329 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
1330 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
1331 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
1332 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
1335 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
1337 Follow the instructions and links on:
1339 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
1340 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
1342 or upload to one of these sites:
1344 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
1345 http://pause.perl.org/
1347 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
1349 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
1350 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
1353 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
1357 Take care when changing a released module.
1359 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
1360 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
1361 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
1367 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1373 There is no requirement to convert anything.
1375 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
1376 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
1377 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
1378 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
1382 Consider the implications.
1384 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
1385 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
1386 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
1390 Make the most of the opportunity.
1392 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
1393 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
1394 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
1398 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
1400 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
1401 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
1407 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
1411 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
1415 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
1419 Several other minor changes
1423 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
1424 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
1425 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
1429 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1435 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
1439 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
1441 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
1446 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
1450 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
1454 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
1456 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
1457 the application could invoked as:
1459 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
1461 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
1467 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
1468 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
1469 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
1470 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
1471 because it has a shotgun.
1473 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
1474 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
1475 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
1476 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
1477 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
1478 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.
1481 close MANIFEST or warn "$0: failed to close MANIFEST (../MANIFEST): $!";
1482 close OUT or warn "$0: failed to close OUT (perlmodlib.pod): $!";