5 open (OUT, ">perlmodlib.pod") or die $!;
6 my (@pragma, @mod, @MANIFEST);
8 open (MANIFEST, "../MANIFEST") or die $!;
9 @MANIFEST = grep !m</(?:t|demo)/>, <MANIFEST>;
10 push @MANIFEST, 'lib/Config.pod', 'lib/Errno.pm', 'lib/lib.pm',
11 'lib/DynaLoader.pm', 'lib/XSLoader.pm';
13 # If run in a clean source tree, these will be missing because they are
14 # generated by the build.
16 'encoding' => 'Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8',
17 'lib' => 'Manipulate @INC at compile time',
18 'ops' => 'Restrict unsafe operations when compiling',
19 'Config' => 'Access Perl configuration information',
20 'DynaLoader' => 'Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code',
21 'Errno' => 'System errno constants',
22 'O' => 'Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends',
23 'Safe' => 'Compile and execute code in restricted compartments',
24 'XSLoader' => 'Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code',
27 # If run in a clean source tree, these should not be reported.
28 # These are considered 'modules' by this script, but they really are not.
29 my %suppressed = map {$_ => 1} qw(
38 next unless s|^lib/|| or m|^ext/|;
39 my ($origfilename) = ($filename) = m|^(\S+)|;
40 $filename =~ s|^[^/]+/|| if $filename =~ s|^ext/||;
41 next unless $filename =~ m!\.p(m|od)$!;
42 unless (open (MOD, "../lib/$filename")) {
43 unless (open (MOD, "../$origfilename")) {
44 warn "Couldn't open ../$origfilename: $!";
47 $filename = $origfilename;
56 next unless /^=head1 NAME/;
62 warn "$filename missing =head1 NAME (OK if respective .pod exists)\n";
69 my $perlname = $filename;
70 $perlname =~ s!^.*\b(ext|lib)/!!;
71 $perlname =~ s!\.p(m|od)$!!;
72 $perlname =~ s!\b(\w+)/\1\b!$1!;
73 $perlname =~ s!/!::!g;
74 $perlname =~ s!-!::!g;
76 # modules with non standard locations
77 $perlname =~ s{Base64::QuotedPrint}{QuotedPrint};
79 ($name, $thing) = split / --? /, $title, 2;
81 unless ($name and $thing) {
82 warn "$filename missing name\n" unless $name;
83 warn "$filename missing thing\n" unless $thing;
87 next if $suppressed{$perlname};
89 $thing =~ s/^perl pragma to //i;
90 $thing = ucfirst($thing);
91 $title = "=item $perlname\n\n$thing\n\n";
93 if ($filename =~ /[A-Z]/) {
99 # if we find a generated one via the MANIFEST, no need to add later.
100 delete $generated{$perlname};
102 while (my ($name,$desc) = each %generated) {
103 my $title = "=item $name\n\n$desc\n\n";
104 if ($name =~ /[A-Z]/) {
107 push @pragma, $title;
113 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
117 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
119 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
121 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
122 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
123 files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
124 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
125 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
126 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
127 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
128 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
129 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
130 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
131 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
132 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
133 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
135 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
137 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
138 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
139 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
140 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
147 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
149 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
150 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
151 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
152 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
153 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
154 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
157 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
163 print OUT $_ for (sort @pragma);
168 =head2 Standard Modules
170 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
171 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
172 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
174 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
175 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
176 don't have the gdbm library.
182 print OUT $_ for (sort @mod);
187 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
188 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
189 just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
190 double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
192 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
193 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
194 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
196 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
197 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
198 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
199 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
200 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
201 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
202 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
203 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
205 Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
206 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
207 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
210 =head2 Extension Modules
212 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
213 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
214 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
215 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
217 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
218 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
219 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
220 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
221 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
222 like Alta Vista or Google.
226 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
227 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
228 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
229 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
230 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
232 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
233 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
240 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
248 Operating System Interfaces
252 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
256 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
268 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
272 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
276 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
280 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
284 Internationalization and Locale
288 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
292 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
296 Server and Daemon Utilities
300 Archiving and Compression
304 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
312 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
316 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
320 Miscellaneous Modules
324 The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
325 Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
337 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
338 European and the South American sites.
340 You should try to choose one close to you.
348 http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
349 ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
350 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
351 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
352 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/
362 http://cpan.linuxforum.net/
363 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
364 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
365 ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN
369 http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/
370 http://cpan.cbn.net.id/
371 ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN
375 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
376 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
377 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
378 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
382 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
383 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
384 ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/
385 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
387 ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/
388 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
389 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
393 http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my
394 http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN
395 http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN
397 =item Russian Federation
404 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
408 http://CPAN.en.com.sg/
409 ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/
410 http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
411 ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
412 http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
413 ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
417 http://CPAN.bora.net/
418 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
419 http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN
420 ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN
424 ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
425 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
426 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
427 http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
428 ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
429 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
430 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
431 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
435 ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/
436 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
440 =head2 Central America
446 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
447 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
457 http://cpan.inode.at/
459 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
463 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
464 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
465 http://cpan.skynet.be
466 ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
467 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
469 =item Bosnia and Herzegovina
471 http://cpan.blic.net/
475 http://cpan.online.bg
476 ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan
477 http://cpan.zadnik.org
478 ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/
479 http://cpan.lirex.net/
480 ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN
484 http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
485 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
489 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
490 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
494 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
495 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
496 http://cpan.cybercity.dk
497 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
498 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
502 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
506 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
507 http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
511 http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN
512 http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
513 ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
514 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
515 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
516 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
518 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
519 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
520 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
521 http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
522 ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
523 http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
524 ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
525 http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
526 ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
527 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
528 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
532 ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
533 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
534 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
535 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
536 http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
537 ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
538 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
539 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
540 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
541 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
542 http://cpan.noris.de/
543 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
544 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
545 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
549 ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl
550 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
551 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
555 http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/
556 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
560 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
561 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
565 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
566 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
567 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
568 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
569 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
570 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
574 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
575 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
576 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
577 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
578 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
579 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/
580 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
581 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
582 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
583 http://cpan.flashnet.it/
584 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
588 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
592 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
596 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
597 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
598 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
599 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
600 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN
601 ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/
602 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
603 http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
604 ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
605 http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
606 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
610 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
611 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
615 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN
616 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
617 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
621 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
622 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
623 http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
624 ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
625 ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN
626 http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
627 ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
629 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
630 http://cpan.telepac.pt/
631 ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/
635 ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN
636 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
637 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
638 ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/
639 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
640 ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
641 http://cpan.ambra.ro/
642 ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN
643 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
644 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
645 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
649 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
650 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
651 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
652 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
653 ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/
654 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
655 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
659 ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
663 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
667 http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/
668 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
669 ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN
670 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
674 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
675 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
676 http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN
677 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
678 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
682 http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
683 ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
684 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
685 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
689 http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/
690 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN
691 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
697 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
698 http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/
699 ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/
703 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
704 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
705 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
706 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
707 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
708 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
709 http://cpan.etla.org/
710 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
711 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
712 http://cpan.m.flirble.org/
713 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
714 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
715 http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/
716 http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/
717 ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/
718 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
732 http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
733 ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
737 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
738 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
742 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
746 ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
752 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
753 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
754 http://www.cpan.unam.mx/
755 ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
756 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
757 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
765 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
766 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
770 http://cpan.develooper.com/
772 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
773 http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
774 ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
775 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
776 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
777 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
778 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
779 http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
780 ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
781 http://cpan.digisle.net/
782 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
783 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
784 http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN
788 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
789 http://cpan.four10.com
793 http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
794 ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
796 =item District of Columbia
798 ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/
802 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
803 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
804 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
805 http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/
809 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
810 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
811 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
812 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
813 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
814 http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
815 ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
816 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
817 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
822 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
823 http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan
824 ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN
828 http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN
829 ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN
830 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
834 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
835 http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
836 ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
840 http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
841 ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
845 http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
846 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
847 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
848 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
852 http://cpan.belfry.net/
853 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
854 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/
855 http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
856 ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
857 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
858 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
859 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
863 http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
864 ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
865 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
866 ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
870 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
874 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
878 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
879 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
880 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
881 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
882 http://cpan.pair.com/
883 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
884 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
888 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
892 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
893 http://www.binarycode.org/cpan
894 ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN
895 http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN
899 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
903 http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
904 ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
905 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
906 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
907 http://perl.secsup.org/
908 ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
909 http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/
913 http://cpan.llarian.net/
914 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
915 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
916 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
917 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
921 http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
922 ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
923 http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN
924 ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN
936 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
937 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
938 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
939 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
940 http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au
944 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
948 http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
949 ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
959 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
960 http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
961 ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
965 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
966 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
967 http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
968 ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
972 http://cpan.netglobalis.net/
973 ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/
979 www.linux.org.ar::cpan
980 theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
981 ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
982 rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
983 ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
985 rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN
986 ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
989 rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
990 ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
991 gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
992 ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
993 ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
994 mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN
995 rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN
996 mirror.averse.net::cpan
997 rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
998 ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN
1000 cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN
1001 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
1002 rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
1005 cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
1006 aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN
1007 archive.progeny.com::CPAN
1008 rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN
1009 mirror.aphix.com::CPAN
1010 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
1011 ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
1012 mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
1013 mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
1015 cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
1016 mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
1017 csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN
1019 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
1020 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
1022 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1024 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
1025 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
1027 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
1028 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
1029 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
1030 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
1031 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
1032 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
1034 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
1035 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
1036 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
1037 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
1038 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
1039 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
1040 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
1041 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
1042 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
1044 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
1050 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
1052 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
1053 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
1054 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
1055 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
1056 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
1057 with command line options.
1059 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
1060 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
1061 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
1062 scheme as the original author.
1066 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1068 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1069 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1070 of code that need less warnings.
1072 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1073 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1078 return bless {}, $class;
1081 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1082 or a virtual method.
1086 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1087 return bless {}, $class;
1090 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1091 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1092 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1093 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1095 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1096 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1097 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1098 class names as far as possible.
1100 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1101 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
1103 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1104 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1105 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1107 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1109 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1110 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1111 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1112 does your application still work if you change: C<< $obj = YOURCLASS->new(); >>
1113 into: C<< $obj = SUBCLASS->new(); >> ?
1115 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1116 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1117 information in objects.
1121 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1122 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1123 of code that need less strictness.
1127 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
1133 Some simple style guidelines
1135 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1137 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1138 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
1139 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
1140 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
1142 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
1143 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
1144 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
1145 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
1147 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
1148 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
1149 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
1150 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
1152 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
1153 or nature of a variable. For example:
1155 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
1156 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
1157 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
1159 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
1160 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
1162 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
1163 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
1167 Select what to export.
1169 Do NOT export method names!
1171 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
1173 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
1174 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
1175 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
1177 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
1178 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
1179 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
1180 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
1182 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
1183 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
1184 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
1187 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
1188 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
1189 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
1193 Select a name for the module.
1195 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
1196 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
1197 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
1198 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
1199 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
1200 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
1201 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
1203 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
1204 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
1205 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
1206 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
1208 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
1209 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
1210 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
1211 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
1213 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
1214 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
1217 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
1218 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
1219 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
1220 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
1221 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
1223 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
1224 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
1225 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
1229 Have you got it right?
1231 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
1232 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
1233 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
1235 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
1236 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
1237 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
1239 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
1240 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
1241 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
1242 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
1244 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
1245 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
1246 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
1250 README and other Additional Files.
1252 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
1253 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
1254 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
1255 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
1261 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
1265 A copyright notice - see below.
1269 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
1273 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
1281 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
1285 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
1289 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
1290 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
1297 Adding a Copyright Notice.
1299 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
1300 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
1301 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
1303 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
1304 and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
1305 or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
1306 just using the GNU GPL.
1308 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
1309 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
1311 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
1312 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
1313 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
1315 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
1316 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
1317 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
1321 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
1323 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
1324 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
1325 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
1326 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
1327 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
1328 See L<Exporter> for details.
1330 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
1331 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
1332 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
1333 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
1337 How to release and distribute a module.
1339 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
1340 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
1341 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
1344 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
1345 include details of its location in your announcement.
1347 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
1348 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
1349 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
1350 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
1351 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
1352 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
1353 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
1356 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
1358 Follow the instructions and links on:
1360 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
1361 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
1363 or upload to one of these sites:
1365 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
1366 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
1368 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
1370 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
1371 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
1374 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
1378 Take care when changing a released module.
1380 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
1381 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
1382 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
1388 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1394 There is no requirement to convert anything.
1396 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
1397 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
1398 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
1399 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
1403 Consider the implications.
1405 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
1406 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
1407 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
1411 Make the most of the opportunity.
1413 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
1414 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
1415 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
1419 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
1421 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
1422 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
1428 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
1432 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
1436 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
1440 Several other minor changes
1444 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
1445 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
1446 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
1450 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1456 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
1460 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
1462 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
1467 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
1471 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
1475 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
1477 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
1478 the application could invoked as:
1480 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
1482 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
1488 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
1489 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
1490 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
1491 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
1492 because it has a shotgun.
1494 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
1495 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
1496 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
1497 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
1498 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
1499 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.
1502 close MANIFEST or warn "$0: failed to close MANIFEST (../MANIFEST): $!";
1503 close OUT or warn "$0: failed to close OUT (perlmodlib.pod): $!";