5 open (OUT, ">perlmodlib.tmp") or die $!;
6 my (@pragma, @mod, @MANIFEST);
8 open (MANIFEST, "../MANIFEST") or die $!;
9 @MANIFEST = grep !m</(?:t|demo)/>, <MANIFEST>;
10 push @MANIFEST, 'lib/Config.pod', 'lib/Errno.pm', 'lib/lib.pm',
11 'lib/DynaLoader.pm', 'lib/XSLoader.pm';
15 next unless s|^lib/|| or m|^ext/|;
16 my ($origfilename) = ($filename) = m|^(\S+)|;
17 $filename =~ s|^[^/]+/|| if $filename =~ s|^ext/||;
18 next unless $filename =~ m!\.p(m|od)$!;
19 unless (open (MOD, "../lib/$filename")) {
20 unless (open (MOD, "../$origfilename")) {
21 warn "Couldn't open ../$origfilename: $!";
24 $filename = $origfilename;
33 next unless /^=head1 NAME/;
39 warn "$filename missing =head1 NAME (okay if there is respective .pod)\n";
46 my $perlname = $filename;
47 $perlname =~ s!^.*\b(ext|lib)/!!;
48 $perlname =~ s!\.p(m|od)$!!;
49 $perlname =~ s!\b(\w+)/\1\b!$1!;
50 $perlname =~ s!/!::!g;
52 ($name, $thing) = split / --? /, $title, 2;
54 unless ($name and $thing) {
55 warn "$filename missing name\n" unless $name;
56 warn "$filename missing thing\n" unless $thing;
61 $thing =~ s/^perl pragma to //i;
62 $thing = ucfirst($thing);
63 $title = "=item $perlname\n\n$thing\n\n";
65 if ($filename =~ /[A-Z]/) {
74 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
78 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
80 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
82 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
83 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
84 files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
85 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
86 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
87 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
88 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
89 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
90 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
91 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
92 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
93 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
94 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
96 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
98 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
99 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
100 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
101 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
108 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
110 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
111 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
112 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
113 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
114 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
115 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
118 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
124 print OUT $_ for (sort @pragma);
129 =head2 Standard Modules
131 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
132 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
133 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
135 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
136 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
137 don't have the gdbm library.
143 print OUT $_ for (sort @mod);
148 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
149 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
150 just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
151 double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
153 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
154 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
155 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
157 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
158 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
159 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
160 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
161 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
162 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
163 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
164 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
166 Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
167 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
168 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
171 =head2 Extension Modules
173 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
174 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
175 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
176 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
178 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
179 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
180 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
181 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
182 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
183 like Alta Vista or Google.
187 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
188 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
189 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
190 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
191 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
193 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
194 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
201 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
209 Operating System Interfaces
213 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
217 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
229 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
233 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
237 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
241 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
245 Internationalization and Locale
249 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
253 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
257 Server and Daemon Utilities
261 Archiving and Compression
265 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
273 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
277 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
281 Miscellaneous Modules
285 The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
286 Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
298 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
299 European and the South American sites.
301 You should try to choose one close to you.
309 http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
310 ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
311 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
312 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
313 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/
323 http://cpan.linuxforum.net/
324 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
325 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
326 ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN
330 http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/
331 http://cpan.cbn.net.id/
332 ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN
336 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
337 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
338 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
339 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
343 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
344 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
345 http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
346 ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/Perl/
347 ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/
348 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
349 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
350 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
354 http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my
355 http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN
356 http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN
358 =item Russian Federation
361 ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/pub/CPAN
365 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
369 http://CPAN.en.com.sg/
370 ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/
371 http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
372 ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
373 http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
374 ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
378 http://CPAN.bora.net/
379 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
380 http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN
381 ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN
385 ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
386 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
387 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
388 http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
389 ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
390 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
391 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
392 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
395 ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/
396 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
400 =head2 Central America
406 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
407 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
417 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
421 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
422 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
423 http://cpan.skynet.be
424 ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
425 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
429 http://cpan.online.bg
430 ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan
431 http://cpan.zadnik.org
432 ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/
433 http://cpan.lirex.net/
434 ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN
438 http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
439 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
443 http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
444 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
445 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
449 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
450 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
451 http://cpan.cybercity.dk
452 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
453 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
457 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
461 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
462 http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
466 http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN
467 http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
468 ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
469 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
470 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
471 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
473 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
474 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
475 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
476 http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
477 ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
478 http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
479 ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
480 http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
481 ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
483 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
484 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
488 ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
489 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
490 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
491 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
492 http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
493 ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
494 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
495 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
496 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
497 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
498 http://cpan.noris.de/
499 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
500 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
501 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
505 ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl
506 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
507 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
511 http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/
512 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
516 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
517 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
521 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
522 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
523 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
524 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
525 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
526 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
530 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
531 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
532 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
533 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
534 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
535 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/
536 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
537 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
538 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
539 http://cpan.flashnet.it/
540 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
544 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
548 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
552 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
553 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
554 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
555 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
556 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN
557 ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/
558 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
559 http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
560 ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
561 http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
562 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
566 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
567 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
571 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
572 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
576 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
577 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
578 http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
579 ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
580 ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN
581 http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
582 ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
584 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
585 http://cpan.telepac.pt/
586 ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/
590 ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN
591 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
592 ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/
593 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
594 ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
595 http://cpan.ambra.ro/
596 ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN
597 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
598 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
599 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
603 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
604 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
605 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
606 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
607 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
608 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
612 ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
616 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
620 http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/
621 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
622 ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net
623 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
627 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
628 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
629 http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN
630 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
631 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
635 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
636 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
640 http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/
641 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN
642 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
648 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
649 http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/
650 ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/
654 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
655 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
656 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
657 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
658 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
659 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
660 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
661 http://cpan.m.flirble.org/
662 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
663 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
664 http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/
665 http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/
666 ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/
667 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
681 http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
682 ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
686 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
687 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
691 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
695 ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
699 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
700 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
702 ftp://cpan.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
703 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
704 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
714 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
715 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
719 http://cpan.develooper.com/
721 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
722 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
723 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
724 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
725 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
726 http://cpan.digisle.net/
727 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
728 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
732 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
736 http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
737 ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
739 =item District of Columbia
741 ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/
745 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
746 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
747 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
748 http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/
752 http://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
753 ftp://uiarchive.uiuc.edu/mirrors/ftp/cpan.cse.msu.edu/
757 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
758 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
759 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
760 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
761 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
762 http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
763 ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
764 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
765 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
770 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
771 http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan
772 ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN
776 http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN
777 ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN
778 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
782 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
786 http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
787 ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
791 http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
792 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
793 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
794 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
798 http://cpan.belfry.net/
799 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
800 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/
801 http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
802 ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
803 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
804 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
805 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
809 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
810 ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
814 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
818 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
822 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
823 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
824 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
825 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
826 http://cpan.pair.com/
827 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
828 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
832 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
836 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
837 http://www.binarycode.org/cpan
838 ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN
839 http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN
843 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
847 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
848 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
849 http://perl.secsup.org/
850 ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
851 http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/
855 http://cpan.llarian.net/
856 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
857 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
858 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
859 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
863 http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
864 ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
876 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
877 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
878 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
879 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
883 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
887 http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
888 ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
898 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
899 http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
900 ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
904 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
905 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
906 http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
907 ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
911 http://cpan.netglobalis.net/
912 ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/
918 ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
920 ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
921 ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
922 ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
923 mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN
924 rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN
925 mirror.averse.net::cpan
926 rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
927 ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN
928 cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN
929 rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
930 ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
933 ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
935 ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
936 gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
937 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
938 rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
939 theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
941 archive.progeny.com::CPAN
942 slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN
943 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
944 ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
945 mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
946 mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
947 mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
948 csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN
949 aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN
950 www.linux.org.ar::cpan
952 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
953 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
955 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
957 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
958 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
960 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
961 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
962 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
963 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
964 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
965 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
967 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
968 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
969 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
970 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
971 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
972 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
973 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
974 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
975 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
977 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
983 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
985 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
986 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
987 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
988 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
989 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
990 with command line options.
992 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
993 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
994 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
995 scheme as the original author.
999 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1001 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1002 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1003 of code that need less warnings.
1005 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1006 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1011 return bless {}, $class;
1014 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1015 or a virtual method.
1019 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1020 return bless {}, $class;
1023 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1024 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1025 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1026 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1028 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1029 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1030 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1031 class names as far as possible.
1033 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1034 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
1036 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1037 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1038 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1040 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1042 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1043 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1044 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1045 does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;>
1046 into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ?
1048 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1049 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1050 information in objects.
1054 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1055 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1056 of code that need less strictness.
1060 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
1066 Some simple style guidelines
1068 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1070 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1071 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
1072 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
1073 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
1075 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
1076 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
1077 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
1078 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
1080 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
1081 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
1082 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
1083 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
1085 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
1086 or nature of a variable. For example:
1088 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
1089 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
1090 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
1092 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
1093 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
1095 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
1096 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
1100 Select what to export.
1102 Do NOT export method names!
1104 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
1106 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
1107 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
1108 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
1110 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
1111 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
1112 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
1113 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
1115 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
1116 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
1117 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
1120 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
1121 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
1122 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
1126 Select a name for the module.
1128 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
1129 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
1130 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
1131 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
1132 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
1133 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
1134 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
1136 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
1137 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
1138 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
1139 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
1141 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
1142 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
1143 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
1144 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
1146 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
1147 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
1150 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
1151 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
1152 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
1153 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
1154 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
1156 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
1157 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
1158 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
1162 Have you got it right?
1164 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
1165 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
1166 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
1168 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
1169 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
1170 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
1172 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
1173 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
1174 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
1175 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
1177 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
1178 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
1179 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
1183 README and other Additional Files.
1185 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
1186 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
1187 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
1188 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
1194 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
1198 A copyright notice - see below.
1202 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
1206 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
1214 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
1218 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
1222 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
1223 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
1230 Adding a Copyright Notice.
1232 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
1233 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
1234 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
1236 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
1237 and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
1238 or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
1239 just using the GNU GPL.
1241 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
1242 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
1244 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
1245 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
1246 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
1248 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
1249 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
1250 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
1254 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
1256 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
1257 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
1258 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
1259 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
1260 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
1261 See L<Exporter> for details.
1263 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
1264 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
1265 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
1266 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
1270 How to release and distribute a module.
1272 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
1273 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
1274 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
1277 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
1278 include details of its location in your announcement.
1280 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
1281 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
1282 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
1283 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
1284 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
1285 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
1286 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
1289 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
1291 Follow the instructions and links on:
1293 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
1294 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
1296 or upload to one of these sites:
1298 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
1299 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
1301 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
1303 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
1304 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
1307 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
1311 Take care when changing a released module.
1313 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
1314 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
1315 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
1321 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1327 There is no requirement to convert anything.
1329 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
1330 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
1331 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
1332 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
1336 Consider the implications.
1338 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
1339 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
1340 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
1344 Make the most of the opportunity.
1346 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
1347 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
1348 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
1352 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
1354 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
1355 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
1361 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
1365 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
1369 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
1373 Several other minor changes
1377 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
1378 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
1379 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
1383 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1389 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
1393 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
1395 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
1400 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
1404 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
1408 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
1410 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
1411 the application could invoked as:
1413 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
1415 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
1421 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
1422 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
1423 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
1424 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
1425 because it has a shotgun.
1427 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
1428 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
1429 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
1430 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
1431 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
1432 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.
1435 close MANIFEST or warn "$0: failed to close MANIFEST (../MANIFEST): $!";
1436 close OUT or warn "$0: failed to close OUT (perlmodlib.tmp): $!";