5 open (OUT, ">perlmodlib.pod") or die $!;
6 my (@pragma, @mod, @MANIFEST);
8 open (MANIFEST, "../MANIFEST") or die $!;
9 @MANIFEST = grep !m</(?:t|demo)/>, <MANIFEST>;
10 push @MANIFEST, 'lib/Config.pod', 'lib/Errno.pm', 'lib/lib.pm',
11 'lib/DynaLoader.pm', 'lib/XSLoader.pm';
13 # If run in a clean source tree, these will be missing because they are
14 # generated by the build.
16 'encoding' => 'Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8',
17 'lib' => 'Manipulate @INC at compile time',
18 'ops' => 'Restrict unsafe operations when compiling',
19 'Config' => 'Access Perl configuration information',
20 'DynaLoader' => 'Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code',
21 'Errno' => 'System errno constants',
22 'O' => 'Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends',
23 'Safe' => 'Compile and execute code in restricted compartments',
24 'XSLoader' => 'Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code',
27 # If run in a clean source tree, these should not be reported.
28 # These are considered 'modules' by this script, but they really are not.
29 my %suppressed = map {$_ => 1} qw(
38 next unless m|^lib/| or m|^ext/|;
39 my ($filename) = m|^(\S+)|;
40 next unless $filename =~ m!\.p(m|od)$!;
41 unless (open MOD, '<', "../$filename") {
42 warn "Couldn't open ../$filename: $!";
52 next unless /^=head1 NAME/;
58 warn "$filename missing =head1 NAME (OK if respective .pod exists)\n";
65 my $perlname = $filename;
66 $perlname =~ s!^.*\b(ext|lib)/!!;
67 $perlname =~ s!\.p(m|od)$!!;
68 $perlname =~ s!\b(\w+)/\1\b!$1!;
69 $perlname =~ s!/!::!g;
70 $perlname =~ s!-!::!g;
72 # modules with non standard locations
73 $perlname =~ s{Base64::QuotedPrint}{QuotedPrint};
75 ($name, $thing) = split / --? /, $title, 2;
77 unless ($name and $thing) {
78 warn "$filename missing name\n" unless $name;
79 warn "$filename missing thing\n" unless $thing;
83 next if $suppressed{$perlname};
85 $thing =~ s/^perl pragma to //i;
86 $thing = ucfirst($thing);
87 $title = "=item $perlname\n\n$thing\n\n";
89 if ($filename =~ /[A-Z]/) {
95 # if we find a generated one via the MANIFEST, no need to add later.
96 delete $generated{$perlname};
98 while (my ($name,$desc) = each %generated) {
99 my $title = "=item $name\n\n$desc\n\n";
100 if ($name =~ /[A-Z]/) {
103 push @pragma, $title;
109 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
113 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
115 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
117 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
118 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
119 files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
120 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
121 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
122 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
123 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
124 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
125 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
126 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
127 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
128 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
129 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
131 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
133 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
134 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
135 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
136 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
143 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
145 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
146 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
147 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
148 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
149 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
150 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
153 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
159 print OUT $_ for (sort @pragma);
164 =head2 Standard Modules
166 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
167 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
168 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
170 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
171 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
172 don't have the gdbm library.
178 print OUT $_ for (sort @mod);
183 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
184 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
185 just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
186 double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
188 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
189 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
190 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
192 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
193 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
194 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
195 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
196 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
197 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
198 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
199 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
201 Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
202 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
203 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
206 =head2 Extension Modules
208 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
209 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
210 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
211 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
213 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
214 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
215 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
216 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
217 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
218 like Alta Vista or Google.
222 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
223 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
224 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
225 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
226 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
228 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
229 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
236 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
244 Operating System Interfaces
248 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
252 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
264 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
268 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
272 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
276 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
280 Internationalization and Locale
284 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
288 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
292 Server and Daemon Utilities
296 Archiving and Compression
300 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
308 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
312 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
316 Miscellaneous Modules
320 The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows.
321 Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
333 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
334 European and the South American sites.
336 You should try to choose one close to you.
344 http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
345 ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/
346 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/
347 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
348 ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/
358 http://cpan.linuxforum.net/
359 http://cpan.shellhung.org/
360 ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN
361 ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN
365 http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/
366 http://cpan.cbn.net.id/
367 ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN
371 ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/
372 http://cpan.lerner.co.il/
373 http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
374 ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/
378 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
379 ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/
380 ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/
381 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
383 ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/
384 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
385 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
389 http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my
390 http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN
391 http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN
393 =item Russian Federation
400 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/
404 http://CPAN.en.com.sg/
405 ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/
406 http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
407 ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
408 http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
409 ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
413 http://CPAN.bora.net/
414 ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/
415 http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN
416 ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN
420 ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN
421 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
422 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
423 http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
424 ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
425 ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/
426 http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
427 ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
431 ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/
432 ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
436 =head2 Central America
442 http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/
443 ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/
453 http://cpan.inode.at/
455 ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
459 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
460 ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
461 http://cpan.skynet.be
462 ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN
463 ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/
465 =item Bosnia and Herzegovina
467 http://cpan.blic.net/
471 http://cpan.online.bg
472 ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan
473 http://cpan.zadnik.org
474 ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/
475 http://cpan.lirex.net/
476 ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN
480 http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
481 ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/
485 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
486 ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
490 http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/
491 ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/
492 http://cpan.cybercity.dk
493 http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/
494 ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/
498 ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
502 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
503 http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
507 http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN
508 http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
509 ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN
510 http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/
511 ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/
512 ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
514 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
515 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
516 ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/
517 http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
518 ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
519 http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
520 ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
521 http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
522 ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
523 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
524 ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
528 ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
529 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
530 ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/
531 ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN
532 http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
533 ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/
534 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
535 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
536 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/
537 ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/
538 http://cpan.noris.de/
539 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
540 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
541 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
545 ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl
546 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
547 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
551 http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/
552 ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
556 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
557 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
561 http://cpan.indigo.ie/
562 ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/
563 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
564 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
565 http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
566 ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/
570 http://cpan.nettuno.it/
571 http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/
572 ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN
573 http://softcity.iol.it/cpan
574 ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan
575 ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/
576 ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/
577 ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/
578 ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/
579 http://cpan.flashnet.it/
580 ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/
584 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
588 ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/
592 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
593 ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/
594 ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
595 http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/
596 ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN
597 ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/
598 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
599 http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
600 ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN
601 http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
602 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
606 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
607 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
611 ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN
612 ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/
613 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
617 ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/
618 ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/
619 http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
620 ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
621 ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN
622 http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
623 ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN
625 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
626 http://cpan.telepac.pt/
627 ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/
631 ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN
632 ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/
633 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
634 ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/
635 ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/
636 ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
637 http://cpan.ambra.ro/
638 ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN
639 ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/
640 ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN
641 ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/
645 ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
646 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
647 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
648 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/
649 ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/
650 http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/
651 ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
655 ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/
659 ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/
663 http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/
664 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
665 ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN
666 ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/
670 http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/
671 ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/
672 http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN
673 ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN
674 ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
678 http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
679 ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
680 ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/
681 ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
685 http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/
686 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN
687 ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/
693 ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/
694 http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/
695 ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/
699 http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
700 ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
701 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
702 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
703 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
704 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
705 http://cpan.etla.org/
706 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
707 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
708 http://cpan.m.flirble.org/
709 ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
710 ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/
711 http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/
712 http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/
713 ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/
714 ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/
728 http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
729 ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
733 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
734 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
738 ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/
742 ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
748 http://cpan.azc.uam.mx
749 ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN
750 http://www.cpan.unam.mx/
751 ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN
752 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
753 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
761 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
762 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
766 http://cpan.develooper.com/
768 ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/
769 http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
770 ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
771 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
772 ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/
773 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
774 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
775 http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
776 ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
777 http://cpan.digisle.net/
778 ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN
779 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
780 http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN
784 ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
785 http://cpan.four10.com
789 http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
790 ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN
792 =item District of Columbia
794 ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/
798 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
799 http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
800 ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/
801 http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/
805 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
806 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
807 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
808 http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
809 ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/
810 http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
811 ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
812 http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
813 ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN
818 ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/
819 http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan
820 ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN
824 http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN
825 ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN
826 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
830 ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/
831 http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
832 ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN
836 http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
837 ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN
841 http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
842 ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/
843 http://cpan.teleglobe.net/
844 ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN
848 http://cpan.belfry.net/
849 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
850 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/
851 http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
852 ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/
853 ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/
854 http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
855 ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/
859 http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
860 ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
861 ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/
862 ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
866 ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/
870 ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN
874 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
875 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
876 http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
877 ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/
878 http://cpan.pair.com/
879 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
880 ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/
884 ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/
888 http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
889 http://www.binarycode.org/cpan
890 ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN
891 http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN
895 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
899 http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
900 ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
901 http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
902 ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/
903 http://perl.secsup.org/
904 ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
905 http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/
909 http://cpan.llarian.net/
910 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
911 http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/
912 ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/
913 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
917 http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
918 ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
919 http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN
920 ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN
932 http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
933 ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/
934 ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/
935 ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/
936 http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au
940 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
944 http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
945 ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/
955 ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/
956 http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
957 ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan
961 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
962 ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/
963 http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
964 ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/
968 http://cpan.netglobalis.net/
969 ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/
975 www.linux.org.ar::cpan
976 theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
977 ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN
978 rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
979 ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN
981 rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN
982 ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
985 rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
986 ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN
987 gusp.dyndns.org::cpan
988 ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan
989 ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/
990 mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN
991 rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN
992 mirror.averse.net::cpan
993 rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
994 ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN
996 cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN
997 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
998 rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
1001 cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
1002 aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN
1003 archive.progeny.com::CPAN
1004 rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN
1005 mirror.aphix.com::CPAN
1006 cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN
1007 ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan
1008 mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
1009 mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN
1011 cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
1012 mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN
1013 csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN
1015 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
1016 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
1018 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1020 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
1021 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
1023 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
1024 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
1025 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
1026 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
1027 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
1028 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
1030 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
1031 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
1032 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
1033 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
1034 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
1035 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
1036 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
1037 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
1038 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
1040 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
1046 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
1048 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
1049 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
1050 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
1051 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
1052 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
1053 with command line options.
1055 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
1056 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
1057 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
1058 scheme as the original author.
1062 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1064 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1065 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1066 of code that need less warnings.
1068 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1069 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1074 return bless {}, $class;
1077 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1078 or a virtual method.
1082 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1083 return bless {}, $class;
1086 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1087 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1088 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1089 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1091 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1092 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1093 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1094 class names as far as possible.
1096 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1097 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
1099 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1100 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1101 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1103 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1105 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1106 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1107 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1108 does your application still work if you change: C<< $obj = YOURCLASS->new(); >>
1109 into: C<< $obj = SUBCLASS->new(); >> ?
1111 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1112 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1113 information in objects.
1117 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1118 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1119 of code that need less strictness.
1123 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
1129 Some simple style guidelines
1131 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1133 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1134 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
1135 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
1136 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
1138 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
1139 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
1140 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
1141 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
1143 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
1144 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
1145 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
1146 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
1148 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
1149 or nature of a variable. For example:
1151 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
1152 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
1153 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
1155 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
1156 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
1158 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
1159 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
1163 Select what to export.
1165 Do NOT export method names!
1167 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
1169 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
1170 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
1171 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
1173 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
1174 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
1175 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
1176 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
1178 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
1179 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
1180 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
1183 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
1184 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
1185 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
1189 Select a name for the module.
1191 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
1192 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
1193 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
1194 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
1195 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
1196 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
1197 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
1199 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
1200 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
1201 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
1202 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
1204 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
1205 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
1206 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
1207 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
1209 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
1210 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
1213 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
1214 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
1215 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
1216 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
1217 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
1219 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
1220 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
1221 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
1225 Have you got it right?
1227 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
1228 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
1229 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
1231 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
1232 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
1233 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
1235 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
1236 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
1237 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
1238 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
1240 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
1241 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
1242 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
1246 README and other Additional Files.
1248 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
1249 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
1250 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
1251 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
1257 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
1261 A copyright notice - see below.
1265 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
1269 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
1277 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
1281 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
1285 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
1286 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
1293 Adding a Copyright Notice.
1295 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
1296 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
1297 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
1299 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
1300 and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
1301 or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
1302 just using the GNU GPL.
1304 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
1305 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
1307 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
1308 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
1309 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
1311 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
1312 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
1313 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
1317 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
1319 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
1320 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
1321 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
1322 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
1323 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
1324 See L<Exporter> for details.
1326 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
1327 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
1328 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
1329 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
1333 How to release and distribute a module.
1335 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
1336 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
1337 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
1340 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
1341 include details of its location in your announcement.
1343 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
1344 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
1345 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
1346 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
1347 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
1348 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
1349 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
1352 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
1354 Follow the instructions and links on:
1356 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
1357 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
1359 or upload to one of these sites:
1361 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
1362 http://pause.perl.org/pause/
1364 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
1366 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
1367 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
1370 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
1374 Take care when changing a released module.
1376 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
1377 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
1378 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
1384 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1390 There is no requirement to convert anything.
1392 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
1393 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
1394 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
1395 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
1399 Consider the implications.
1401 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
1402 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
1403 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
1407 Make the most of the opportunity.
1409 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
1410 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
1411 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
1415 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
1417 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
1418 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
1424 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
1428 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
1432 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
1436 Several other minor changes
1440 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
1441 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
1442 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
1446 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1452 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
1456 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
1458 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
1463 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
1467 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
1471 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
1473 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
1474 the application could invoked as:
1476 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
1478 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
1484 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
1485 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
1486 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
1487 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
1488 because it has a shotgun.
1490 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
1491 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
1492 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
1493 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
1494 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
1495 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.
1498 close MANIFEST or warn "$0: failed to close MANIFEST (../MANIFEST): $!";
1499 close OUT or warn "$0: failed to close OUT (perlmodlib.pod): $!";