9 chdir $FindBin::Bin or die "$0: Can't chdir $FindBin::Bin: $!";
11 my $Quiet = @ARGV && $ARGV[0] eq '-q';
13 open (OUT, ">perlmodlib.pod") or die $!;
14 my (@pragma, @mod, @files);
16 # MANIFEST itself is Unix style filenames, so we have to assume that Unix style
17 # filenames will work.
19 open (MANIFEST, "../MANIFEST") or die $!;
20 @files = grep m#(?:\.pm|\.pod|_pm\.PL)#, map {s/\s.*//s; $_}
21 grep {m#^lib# || m#^ext#} grep !m#/(?:t|demo)/#, <MANIFEST>;
24 'abbrev' => 'Text::Abbrev',
26 'getopt' => 'Getopt::Std',
27 'B<CGI::Carp>' => 'CGI::Carp',
28 'ModuleInfo' => 'Module::Build::ModuleInfo',
29 '$notes_name' => 'Module::Build::Notes',
30 'Encode::MIME::NAME' => 'Encode::MIME::Name',
31 'libnetFAQ' => 'Net::libnetFAQ',
34 for my $filename (@files) {
35 unless (open MOD, '<', "../$filename") {
36 warn "Couldn't open ../$filename: $!";
45 next unless /^=head1 NAME/;
51 warn "$filename missing =head1 NAME (OK if respective .pod exists)\n"
59 ($name, $thing) = split / --? /, $title, 2;
61 unless ($name and $thing) {
62 warn "$filename missing name\n" unless $name;
63 warn "$filename missing thing\n" unless $thing or $Quiet;
67 $name =~ s/[^A-Za-z0-9_:\$<>].*//;
68 $name = $exceptions{$name} || $name;
69 $thing =~ s/^perl pragma to //i;
70 $thing = ucfirst $thing;
71 $title = "=item $name\n\n$thing\n\n";
73 if ($name =~ /[A-Z]/) {
80 # Much easier to special case it like this than special case the depending on
81 # and parsing lib/Config.pod, or special case opening configpm and finding its
82 # =head1 (which is not found with the $/="" above)
83 push @mod, <<'CONFIG';
86 Access Perl configuration information
92 Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT!
96 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
98 =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
100 Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described
101 below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library
102 files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be
103 autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated
104 by the installation process. You may also discover files in the
105 library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are
106 old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still
107 run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard
108 modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up
109 as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may
110 already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.)
111 The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion,
112 but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof.
114 =head2 Pragmatic Modules
116 They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they
117 tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually
118 work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these
119 are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them
126 which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.
128 Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the
129 C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead,
130 like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a
131 variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than
132 just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file
133 for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no
136 The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).
142 print OUT $_ for (sort @pragma);
147 =head2 Standard Modules
149 Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined
150 manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the
151 Exporter module. See their own documentation for details.
153 It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your
154 system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you
155 don't have the gdbm library.
161 print OUT $_ for (sort @mod);
166 To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including
167 those without documentation or outside the standard release,
168 just use the following command (under the default win32 shell,
169 double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).
171 % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
172 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
173 no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'
175 (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.)
176 They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible
177 via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find>
178 program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which
179 generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you
180 have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have
181 to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no
182 system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program.
184 Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly
185 incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on
186 your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker
189 =head2 Extension Modules
191 Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They
192 are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them,
193 but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules
194 include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.
196 Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not
197 completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time
198 for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of
199 platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
200 look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines
201 like Alta Vista or Google.
205 CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally
206 replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style
207 guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and
208 occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for
209 CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/
211 Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules,
212 some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of
219 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools
227 Operating System Interfaces
231 Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication
235 Data Types and Data Type Utilities
247 Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages
251 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles)
255 String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching
259 Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing
263 Internationalization and Locale
267 Authentication, Security, and Encryption
271 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME
275 Server and Daemon Utilities
279 Archiving and Compression
283 Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing
291 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc)
295 File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities
299 Miscellaneous Modules
303 The list of the registered CPAN sites follows.
304 Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields:
316 and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the
317 European and the South American sites.
319 Registered CPAN sites
327 http://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
328 ftp://cpan.mirror.ac.za/
329 http://mirror.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
330 ftp://ftp.is.co.za/pub/cpan/
331 ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/
341 http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
342 ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/
343 http://mirrors.geoexpat.com/cpan/
347 http://perlmirror.indialinks.com/
351 http://cpan.biz.net.id/
352 http://komo.vlsm.org/CPAN/
353 ftp://komo.vlsm.org/CPAN/
354 http://cpan.pesat.net.id/
355 http://mirror.unej.ac.id/cpan/
356 ftp://mirror.unej.ac.id/cpan/
360 ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN
361 ftp://ftp.kddilabs.jp/CPAN/
362 http://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
363 ftp://ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp/pub/CPAN/
364 http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
365 ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
366 ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/
367 ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/
368 http://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
369 ftp://ftp.riken.jp/lang/CPAN/
370 http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
371 ftp://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/lang/cpan/
375 http://mirror.linuxiso.kz/CPAN/
377 =item Republic of Korea
379 http://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN
380 ftp://ftp.kaist.ac.kr/pub/CPAN
381 http://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/
382 ftp://cpan.mirror.cdnetworks.com/CPAN/
383 http://cpan.sarang.net/
384 ftp://cpan.sarang.net/CPAN/
388 http://cpan.tomsk.ru/
393 http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
394 ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN
395 http://cpan.mirror.choon.net/
396 http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org
397 ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan
401 http://ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
402 ftp://ftp.cse.yzu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/
403 http://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
404 ftp://cpan.nctu.edu.tw/
405 ftp://ftp.ncu.edu.tw/CPAN/
406 http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/
407 ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Unix/Lang/CPAN/
408 http://cpan.stu.edu.tw
409 ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN
410 http://ftp.stu.edu.tw/CPAN
411 ftp://ftp.stu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
412 http://cpan.cs.pu.edu.tw/
413 ftp://cpan.cs.pu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN
417 http://mirrors.issp.co.th/cpan/
418 ftp://mirrors.issp.co.th/cpan/
422 http://cpan.gazi.edu.tr/
423 http://cpan.ulak.net.tr
424 ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/pub/CPAN
428 http://mirror-fpt-telecom.fpt.net/cpan/
429 ftp://mirror-fpt-telecom.fpt.net/cpan/
433 =head2 Central America
439 http://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/
440 ftp://mirrors.ucr.ac.cr/CPAN/
450 http://cpan.inode.at/
452 http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/perl/CPAN/
453 ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/
457 http://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
458 ftp://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
459 http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/
460 http://cpan.weepee.org/
461 http://cpan.fluoline.net/
463 =item Bosnia and Herzegovina
465 http://cpan.blic.net/
469 http://cpan.cbox.biz/
470 ftp://cpan.cbox.biz/cpan/
471 http://cpan.digsys.bg/
472 ftp://ftp.digsys.bg/pub/CPAN
476 http://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
477 ftp://ftp.carnet.hr/pub/CPAN/
481 ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/
482 http://archive.cpan.cz/
486 http://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan
487 ftp://mirrors.dotsrc.org/cpan/
489 http://mirror.uni-c.dk/pub/CPAN/
493 ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
494 http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN
498 http://cpan.enstimac.fr/
499 ftp://ftp.inria.fr/pub/CPAN/
500 http://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
501 ftp://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
502 ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/
503 http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
504 ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org
505 http://cpan.miroir-francais.fr/
506 ftp://miroir-francais.fr/pub/cpan/
507 ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/CPAN/
508 http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
509 ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
510 http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
511 ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN
513 ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/
517 ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/languages/perl/
518 http://mirrors.softliste.de/cpan/
519 ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/
520 http://www.planet-elektronik.de/CPAN/
521 http://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
522 ftp://ftp.hosteurope.de/pub/CPAN/
523 http://www.mirrorspace.org/cpan/
524 http://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
525 ftp://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
526 ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/
527 http://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/
528 ftp://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN/
529 http://mirrors.zerg.biz/cpan/
530 http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
531 ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
532 http://dl.ambiweb.de/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
533 http://cpan.mirror.clusters.kg/
534 http://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/
535 ftp://cpan.mirror.iphh.net/pub/CPAN/
536 http://cpan.mirroring.de/
537 http://mirror.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
538 ftp://mirror.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
539 http://ftp.cw.net/pub/CPAN/
540 ftp://ftp.cw.net/pub/CPAN/
541 http://cpan.cpantesters.org/
542 ftp://cpan.cpantesters.org/CPAN/
543 http://cpan.mirrored.de/
544 ftp://mirror.petamem.com/CPAN/
545 http://cpan.noris.de/
546 ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/
547 ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/
548 ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/
552 ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
553 ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
554 http://cpan.cc.uoc.gr/
555 ftp://ftp.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/CPAN/
559 http://cpan.mirrors.enexis.hu/
560 ftp://cpan.mirrors.enexis.hu/mirrors/cpan/
565 http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
566 ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/
570 http://ftp.esat.net/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
571 ftp://ftp.esat.net/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
572 http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
573 ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
577 http://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/CPAN/
579 ftp://ftp.panu.it/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/
580 http://cpan.fastbull.org/
584 http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/
588 http://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
589 ftp://ftp.litnet.lt/pub/CPAN/
593 http://cpan.waldonet.net.mt/
597 ftp://ftp.quicknet.nl/pub/CPAN/
598 http://mirror.hostfuss.com/CPAN/
599 ftp://mirror.hostfuss.com/CPAN/
600 http://mirrors3.kernel.org/cpan/
601 ftp://mirrors3.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/
602 http://cpan.osmirror.nl/
603 ftp://ftp.osmirror.nl/pub/cpan/
604 http://cpan.mirror.versatel.nl/
605 ftp://ftp.mirror.versatel.nl/cpan/
606 ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/
607 http://mirror.leaseweb.com/CPAN/
608 ftp://mirror.leaseweb.com/CPAN/
609 ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/
610 http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
611 ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/
612 http://https://luxitude.net/cpan/
616 ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
617 ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/
621 http://mirror.icis.pcz.pl/CPAN/
622 ftp://mirror.icis.pcz.pl/CPAN/
623 http://piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
624 ftp://ftp.piotrkosoft.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
625 http://ftp.man.poznan.pl/pub/CPAN
626 ftp://ftp.man.poznan.pl/pub/CPAN
627 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/
628 ftp://ftp.tpnet.pl/d4/CPAN/
632 http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/
633 ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN
634 ftp://ftp.ist.utl.pt/pub/CPAN/
637 ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/
638 http://mirrors.nfsi.pt/CPAN/
639 ftp://mirrors.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN/
640 http://cpan.dcc.fc.up.pt/
644 http://ftp.astral.ro/pub/CPAN/
645 ftp://ftp.astral.ro/pub/CPAN/
646 ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN
647 http://mirrors.xservers.ro/CPAN/
648 http://mirrors.hostingromania.ro/ftp.cpan.org/
649 ftp://ftp.hostingromania.ro/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
650 ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
651 ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN
655 ftp://ftp.aha.ru/CPAN/
656 http://cpan.rinet.ru/
657 ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/
658 ftp://ftp.SpringDaemons.com/pub/CPAN/
661 http://mirror.rol.ru/CPAN/
662 http://ftp.silvernet.ru/CPAN/
663 http://ftp.spbu.ru/CPAN/
664 ftp://ftp.spbu.ru/CPAN/
668 http://cpan.fyxm.net/
672 http://www.klevze.si/cpan
676 http://osl.ugr.es/CPAN/
677 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/
678 http://ftp.gui.uva.es/sites/cpan.org/
679 ftp://ftp.gui.uva.es/sites/cpan.org/
683 http://mirrors4.kernel.org/cpan/
684 ftp://mirrors4.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/
688 http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/
689 ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/
690 http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/mirror/CPAN/
691 ftp://mirror.switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/
695 http://cpan.makeperl.org/
696 ftp://cpan.makeperl.org/pub/CPAN
698 http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/
699 ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/
700 http://cpan.gafol.net/
701 ftp://ftp.gafol.net/pub/cpan/
705 http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
706 ftp://ftp.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
707 http://mirror.tje.me.uk/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
708 ftp://mirror.tje.me.uk/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/
709 http://www.mirror.8086.net/sites/CPAN/
710 ftp://ftp.mirror.8086.net/sites/CPAN/
711 http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/
712 ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/
713 http://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
714 ftp://mirror.bytemark.co.uk/CPAN/
715 http://cpan.etla.org/
716 ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN
717 ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/
718 http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/CPAN/
719 ftp://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/pub/CPAN/
720 http://ftp.plig.net/pub/CPAN/
721 ftp://ftp.plig.net/pub/CPAN/
722 http://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
723 ftp://ftp.ticklers.org/pub/CPAN/
724 http://cpan.mirrors.uk2.net/
725 ftp://mirrors.uk2.net/pub/CPAN/
726 http://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
727 ftp://mirror.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.cpan.org/
737 http://www.securehost.com/mirror/CPAN/
741 http://cpan.justanotherperlhacker.com/pub/CPAN/
742 ftp://cpan.justanotherperlhacker.com/pub/CPAN/
743 http://cpan.arcticnetwork.ca
744 ftp://mirror.arcticnetwork.ca/pub/CPAN
745 http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/
746 ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/
747 http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
748 ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/
749 http://arwen.cs.dal.ca/mirror/CPAN/
750 ftp://arwen.cs.dal.ca/pub/mirror/CPAN/
751 http://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/
752 ftp://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/pub/CPAN/
753 ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/
754 http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/pub/CPAN/
755 ftp://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/pub/CPAN/
759 http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/
760 ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/
768 http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
769 ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/
773 http://cpan.knowledgematters.net/
774 http://cpan.binkerton.com/
775 http://cpan.develooper.com/
776 http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN
777 http://cpan.schatt.com/
778 http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/
779 ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN
780 http://mirrors2.kernel.org/cpan/
781 ftp://mirrors2.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/
782 http://cpan.mirrors.redwire.net/
783 http://cpan.mirror.facebook.net/
784 http://mirrors1.kernel.org/cpan/
785 ftp://mirrors1.kernel.org/pub/CPAN/
786 http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/
787 ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
788 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/
789 http://cpan.yahoo.com/
793 ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
794 http://mirror.atlantic.net/pub/CPAN/
795 ftp://mirror.atlantic.net/pub/CPAN/
796 http://mirror.candidhosting.com/pub/CPAN
797 ftp://mirror.candidhosting.com/pub/CPAN
801 http://mirror.its.uidaho.edu/pub/cpan/
802 ftp://mirror.its.uidaho.edu/cpan/
806 http://cpan.mirrors.hoobly.com/
807 http://cpan.uchicago.edu/pub/CPAN/
808 ftp://cpan.uchicago.edu/pub/CPAN/
809 http://mirrors.servercentral.net/CPAN/
810 http://www.stathy.com/CPAN/
811 ftp://www.stathy.com/CPAN/
815 ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/
816 http://cpan.netnitco.net/
817 ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/
818 http://ftp.ndlug.nd.edu/pub/perl/
819 ftp://ftp.ndlug.nd.edu/pub/perl/
820 http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN
824 ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/
828 http://ftp.wayne.edu/cpan/
829 ftp://ftp.wayne.edu/cpan/
833 http://cpan.msi.umn.edu/
837 http://mirror.datapipe.net/CPAN/
838 ftp://mirror.datapipe.net/pub/CPAN/
842 http://mirrors.24-7-solutions.net/pub/CPAN/
843 ftp://mirrors.24-7-solutions.net/pub/CPAN/
844 http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
845 ftp://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/software/cpan/
846 http://cpan.belfry.net/
847 http://cpan.erlbaum.net/
848 ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/CPAN/
849 http://cpan.hexten.net/
850 ftp://cpan.hexten.net/
851 http://ftp.fxcorporate.com/CPAN/
852 ftp://ftp.fxcorporate.com/pub/CPAN/
853 ftp://mirror.nyi.net/CPAN/
854 http://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/
855 ftp://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/
859 http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN
860 ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/
864 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
865 ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/CPAN/
869 http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/
870 ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/
871 http://cpan.pair.com/
872 ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/
876 http://cpan.mirror.clemson.edu/
880 http://mira.sunsite.utk.edu/CPAN/
884 http://mirror.uta.edu/CPAN
888 http://cpan.cs.utah.edu
889 ftp://cpan.cs.utah.edu/pub/CPAN/
890 ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/
894 http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/
895 ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/
896 http://perl.secsup.org/
897 ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/
898 ftp://mirror.cogentco.com/pub/CPAN/
902 http://cpan.llarian.net/
903 ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/
904 ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/
908 http://cpan.mirrors.tds.net
909 ftp://cpan.mirrors.tds.net/pub/CPAN
910 http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
911 ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/
923 http://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/
924 ftp://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/cpan/
925 http://cpan.mirror.aussiehq.net.au/
926 http://mirror.as24220.net/cpan/
927 ftp://mirror.as24220.net/cpan/
931 ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/
932 http://cpan.inspire.net.nz
933 ftp://cpan.inspire.net.nz/cpan
934 http://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/CPAN/
935 ftp://cpan.catalyst.net.nz/pub/CPAN/
945 http://cpan.patan.com.ar/
946 http://cpan.localhost.net.ar
947 ftp://mirrors.localhost.net.ar/pub/mirrors/CPAN
951 ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/
952 http://ftp.pucpr.br/CPAN
953 ftp://ftp.pucpr.br/CPAN
954 http://cpan.kinghost.net/
955 ftp://ftp.linorg.usp.br/CPAN
959 http://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/
960 ftp://cpan.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/lang/cpan/
964 http://www.laqee.unal.edu.co/CPAN/
970 mirror.as24220.net::cpan
972 gd.tuwien.ac.at::CPAN
973 ftp.belnet.be::packages/cpan
974 rsync.linorg.usp.br::CPAN
975 rsync.arcticnetwork.ca::CPAN
976 CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca::CPAN
977 mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca::CPAN
978 theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN
979 www.laqee.unal.edu.co::CPAN
980 mirror.uni-c.dk::CPAN
981 rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN
982 rsync://distrib-coffee.ipsl.jussieu.fr/pub/mirrors/cpan/
984 miroir-francais.fr::cpan
986 rsync://mirror.cict.fr/cpan/
987 rsync://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/
988 ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de::CPAN/
989 ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/
990 cpan.mirror.iphh.net::CPAN
991 cpan.cpantesters.org::cpan
994 mirror.unej.ac.id::cpan
995 ftp.esat.net::/pub/languages/perl/CPAN
996 ftp.heanet.ie::mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN
998 cpan.fastbull.org::CPAN
999 ftp.kddilabs.jp::cpan
1000 ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp::cpan/
1001 rsync://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/CPAN/
1002 rsync://ftp.riken.jp/cpan/
1003 mirror.linuxiso.kz::CPAN
1004 rsync://mirrors3.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/
1005 rsync://rsync.osmirror.nl/cpan/
1006 mirror.leaseweb.com::CPAN
1007 cpan.nautile.nc::CPAN
1008 mirror.icis.pcz.pl::CPAN
1009 piotrkosoft.net::mirrors/CPAN
1010 rsync://cpan.perl.pt/
1011 ftp.kaist.ac.kr::cpan
1012 cpan.sarang.net::CPAN
1013 mirror.averse.net::cpan
1014 rsync.oss.eznetsols.org
1016 ftp.is.co.za::IS-Mirror/ftp.cpan.org/
1017 rsync://ftp.gui.uva.es/cpan/
1018 rsync://mirrors4.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/
1020 ftp.ulak.net.tr::CPAN
1022 rsync.mirrorservice.org::ftp.funet.fi/pub/
1023 rsync://rsync.mirror.8086.net/CPAN/
1024 rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN
1025 mirror.bytemark.co.uk::CPAN
1027 rsync://ftp.ticklers.org:CPAN/
1028 mirrors.ibiblio.org::CPAN
1029 cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN
1030 mirror.hiwaay.net::CPAN
1031 rsync://mira.sunsite.utk.edu/CPAN/
1032 cpan.mirrors.tds.net::CPAN
1033 mirror.its.uidaho.edu::cpan
1034 rsync://mirror.cc.columbia.edu::cpan/
1035 ftp.fxcorporate.com::CPAN
1036 rsync.atlantic.net::CPAN
1037 mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN
1038 rsync://mirrors2.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/
1040 rsync://mirror.rit.edu/CPAN/
1041 rsync://mirror.facebook.net/cpan/
1042 rsync://mirrors1.kernel.org/mirrors/CPAN/
1043 cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN
1045 For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites,
1046 see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES .
1048 =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1050 (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules
1051 file, available at your nearest CPAN site.)
1053 Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a
1054 package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a
1055 namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be
1056 used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its
1057 first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods),
1058 or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods).
1060 A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same
1061 name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be
1062 called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of
1063 its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be
1064 totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module
1065 might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on
1066 demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to
1067 exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about
1068 the AUTOLOAD mechanism.
1070 =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation
1076 Do similar modules already exist in some form?
1078 If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or
1079 by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not
1080 practical try to get together with the module authors to work on
1081 extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules.
1082 A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing
1083 with command line options.
1085 If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of
1086 modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It
1087 helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction
1088 scheme as the original author.
1092 Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.
1094 Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>).
1095 Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks
1096 of code that need less warnings.
1098 Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless
1099 into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor,
1104 return bless {}, $class;
1107 or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static
1108 or a virtual method.
1112 my $class = ref($self) || $self;
1113 return bless {}, $class;
1116 Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later
1117 (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where
1118 appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones.
1119 Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.
1121 Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>.
1122 Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all.
1123 Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired
1124 class names as far as possible.
1126 Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and
1127 C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details).
1129 Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a
1130 burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to
1131 the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying:
1133 eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();
1135 Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say
1136 C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able
1137 to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example,
1138 does your application still work if you change: C<< $obj = YOURCLASS->new(); >>
1139 into: C<< $obj = SUBCLASS->new(); >> ?
1141 Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it
1142 difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state
1143 information in objects.
1147 Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>).
1148 Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks
1149 of code that need less strictness.
1153 Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual.
1159 Some simple style guidelines
1161 The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.
1163 Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their
1164 style over several years as they learn what helps them write and
1165 maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that
1166 seem to be widely used by experienced developers:
1168 Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
1169 $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for
1170 non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works
1171 consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.
1173 Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally
1174 reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer
1175 and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and
1176 use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable).
1178 You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope
1179 or nature of a variable. For example:
1181 $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
1182 $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
1183 $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables
1185 Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase.
1186 e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>.
1188 You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or
1189 function should not be used outside the package that defined it.
1193 Select what to export.
1195 Do NOT export method names!
1197 Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!
1199 Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must
1200 export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid
1201 short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes.
1203 Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the
1204 module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)
1205 syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to
1206 indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use.
1208 (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:
1209 C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that
1210 directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol
1213 As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented
1214 then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then
1215 @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution.
1219 Select a name for the module.
1221 This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as
1222 possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or
1223 more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special
1224 about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use
1225 nested module names to group informally or categorize a module.
1226 There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name.
1227 Module names should begin with a capital letter.
1229 Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone
1230 (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-).
1231 Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others.
1232 If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc.
1234 If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good
1235 practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will
1236 avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View,
1237 Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide.
1239 If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's
1240 standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in
1243 If developing modules for private internal or project specific use,
1244 that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure
1245 that their names will not clash with any future public module. You
1246 can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by
1247 using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.
1249 To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to
1250 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is
1251 unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier.
1255 Have you got it right?
1257 How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you
1258 picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have
1259 you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions?
1261 The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions,
1262 is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about
1263 all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask.
1265 All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its
1266 purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is
1267 probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored
1268 by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!)
1270 Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be
1271 ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting
1272 others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you!
1276 README and other Additional Files.
1278 It's well known that software developers usually fully document the
1279 software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of
1280 your software and there is not enough time to write the full
1281 documentation please at least provide a README file containing:
1287 A description of the module/package/extension etc.
1291 A copyright notice - see below.
1295 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.
1299 How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.
1307 Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities
1311 Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.
1315 If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to
1316 split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL,
1323 Adding a Copyright Notice.
1325 How you choose to license your work is a personal decision.
1326 The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make
1327 a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work.
1329 Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL
1330 and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic,
1331 or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT
1332 just using the GNU GPL.
1334 My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the
1335 Perl community at large is to state something simply like:
1337 Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
1338 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
1339 modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
1341 This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may
1342 also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files.
1343 Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright.
1347 Give the module a version/issue/release number.
1349 To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you
1350 should store your module's version number in a non-my package
1351 variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point
1352 number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths,
1353 e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version.
1354 See L<Exporter> for details.
1356 It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number.
1357 Use the number in announcements and archive file names when
1358 releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z).
1359 See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.
1363 How to release and distribute a module.
1365 It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your
1366 module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce
1367 Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off
1370 If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should
1371 include details of its location in your announcement.
1373 Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file
1374 name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories
1375 will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your
1376 file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification
1377 message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get
1378 deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed
1379 and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
1382 FTP Archives for Perl Modules:
1384 Follow the instructions and links on:
1386 http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
1387 http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html
1389 or upload to one of these sites:
1391 https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
1392 http://pause.perl.org/
1394 and notify <modules@perl.org>.
1396 By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror
1397 your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on
1400 Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!
1404 Take care when changing a released module.
1406 Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions.
1407 Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the
1408 old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes.
1412 =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1418 There is no requirement to convert anything.
1420 If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should
1421 continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor
1422 changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but
1423 there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that.
1427 Consider the implications.
1429 All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to
1430 be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is
1431 it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time?
1435 Make the most of the opportunity.
1437 If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the
1438 opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module
1439 creation above include many of the issues you should consider.
1443 The pl2pm utility will get you started.
1445 This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write
1446 corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:
1452 Adds the standard Module prologue lines
1456 Converts package specifiers from ' to ::
1460 Converts die(...) to croak(...)
1464 Several other minor changes
1468 Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted
1469 code will need careful checking, especially any package statements.
1470 Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works!
1474 =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1480 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.
1484 Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.
1486 Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy
1491 Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.
1495 Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.
1499 In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
1501 fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases
1502 the application could invoked as:
1504 % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
1506 % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)
1514 Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may
1515 have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl
1516 doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer
1517 that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not
1518 because it has a shotgun.
1520 The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law,
1521 and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is
1522 that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The
1523 written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other
1524 provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that
1525 you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.
1528 close MANIFEST or warn "$0: failed to close MANIFEST (../MANIFEST): $!";
1529 close OUT or warn "$0: failed to close OUT (perlmodlib.pod): $!";