3 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 (W) A warning (optional).
11 (D) A deprecation (optional).
12 (S) A severe warning (default).
13 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
14 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
15 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
16 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
18 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above
19 (W, D & S) can be controlled using the C<warnings> pragma.
21 If a message can be controlled by the C<warnings> pragma, its warning
22 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 Optional warnings are enabled by using the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-w>
26 and B<-W> switches. Warnings may be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}>
27 to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead
28 of printing it. See L<perlvar>.
30 Default warnings are always enabled unless they are explicitly disabled
31 with the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-X> switch.
33 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
34 L<perlfunc/eval>. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively
35 disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the C<warnings> pragma.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
39 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
40 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
41 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
42 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
47 =item accept() on closed socket %s
49 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget
50 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
53 =item Allocation too large: %lx
55 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
57 =item '!' allowed only after types %s
59 (F) The '!' is allowed in pack() or unpack() only after certain types.
62 =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
64 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl
65 keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling
66 one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the
67 subroutine is not imported.
69 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
70 before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
71 Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
72 imported with the C<use subs> pragma).
74 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix
75 on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or declare the subroutine
76 to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes"> or
79 =item Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
81 (F) You wrote something like C<tr/a-z-0//> which doesn't mean anything at
82 all. To include a C<-> character in a transliteration, put it either
83 first or last. (In the past, C<tr/a-z-0//> was synonymous with
84 C<tr/a-y//>, which was probably not what you would have expected.)
86 =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
88 (W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
89 you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
90 a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
92 =item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
94 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
95 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to
96 redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.
98 =item '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
100 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
101 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and
102 into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other,
103 though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script
104 which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
106 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
113 =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
115 (W misc) The pattern match (C<//>), substitution (C<s///>), and
116 transliteration (C<tr///>) operators work on scalar values. If you apply
117 one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to
118 a scalar value -- the length of an array, or the population info of a
119 hash -- and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what
120 you meant to do. See L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for
123 =item Args must match #! line
125 (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked
126 with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems
127 impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches;
128 for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>.
130 =item Arg too short for msgsnd
132 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
134 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element
136 (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array element, such as:
141 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
143 (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or array element,
149 or a hash or array slice, such as:
151 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
152 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
154 =item %s argument is not a subroutine name
156 (F) The argument to exists() for C<exists &sub> must be a subroutine
157 name, and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this
160 =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
162 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator
163 that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
164 will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
166 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
168 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
169 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
171 =item assertion botched: %s
173 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
175 =item Assertion failed: file "%s"
177 (P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
179 =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar
181 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments
182 must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
183 know which context to supply to the right side.
185 =item A thread exited while %d threads were running
187 (W) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily the main
188 thread) exited while there were still other threads running.
189 Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return values of the
190 created threads by joining them, and only then exit from the main
191 thread. See L<threads>.
193 =item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
195 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in
196 the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
198 =item Attempt to bless into a reference
200 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be
201 the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've
202 supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
208 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
210 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version
211 of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for
214 bless $self, "$proto";
216 =item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
218 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key
219 which is not in its key set.
221 =item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
223 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
224 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
226 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
228 (P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas
229 that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be
230 outside any of those arenas.
232 =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
234 (P internal) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of
235 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
236 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count
237 of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
239 =item Attempt to free temp prematurely
241 (W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
242 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the
243 SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the
244 free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does
247 =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
249 (P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
251 =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
253 (W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to
254 see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0
255 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed.
256 This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or
257 that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was
258 mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been
261 =item Attempt to join self
263 (F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is an
264 impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or you may need
265 to move the join() to some other thread.
267 =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
269 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
270 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This
271 means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become
272 invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use
273 literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to
276 =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
278 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr()
279 used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to
280 dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>.
282 =item Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %s
284 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl()
285 or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively,
286 S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and
287 S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>.
289 =item Bad evalled substitution pattern
291 (F) You've used the C</e> switch to evaluate the replacement for a
292 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate,
293 most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
295 =item Bad filehandle: %s
297 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
298 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an
299 open(), or did it in another package.
301 =item Bad free() ignored
303 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never
304 been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by
305 setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 0.
307 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with "hard"
308 dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of C<Berkeley DB>
309 which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc().
313 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
315 =item Badly placed ()'s
317 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
318 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
321 =item Bad name after %s::
323 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then
324 didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside
333 $sym = "mypack::$var";
335 =item Bad realloc() ignored
337 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
338 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled
339 by setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
341 =item Bad symbol for array
343 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that
344 wasn't a symbol table entry.
346 =item Bad symbol for filehandle
348 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something
349 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
351 =item Bad symbol for hash
353 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
354 wasn't a symbol table entry.
356 =item Bareword found in conditional
358 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
359 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part
360 of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
364 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as
367 use constant TYPO => 1;
368 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
370 The C<strict> pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
372 =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
374 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
375 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
376 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
378 =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
380 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but the
381 compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps
382 you need to predeclare a package?
384 =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
386 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
387 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
390 =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
392 (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which
393 implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had already
394 occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}> could not
395 be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely
396 depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.
398 =item \1 better written as $1
400 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables.
401 The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a
402 substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form
403 because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if
404 there are more than 9 backreferences.
406 =item Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
408 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
409 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
410 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
412 =item bind() on closed socket %s
414 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to
415 check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>.
417 =item binmode() on closed filehandle %s
419 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never opened.
420 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
422 =item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
424 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
426 =item Bizarre copy of %s in %s
428 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
431 =item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
433 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to
434 iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition
435 which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown.
437 =item Callback called exit
439 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
440 exited by calling exit.
442 =item %s() called too early to check prototype
444 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the
445 parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check
446 that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an
447 early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the
448 subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype
449 checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the
450 function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid
451 the warning. See L<perlsub>.
453 =item Cannot compress integer in pack
455 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The BER
456 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you
457 attempted to compress Infinity or a very large number (> 1e308).
458 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
460 =item Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
462 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed integer
463 format can only be used with positive integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
465 =item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
467 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER compressed
468 integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted
469 to compress something else. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
471 =item Can't bless non-reference value
473 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces"
474 encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>.
476 =item Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
478 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
479 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined
480 in it, let alone methods. See L<perlobj>.
482 =item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
484 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
485 object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something
486 like this will reproduce the error:
489 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
490 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
492 =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
494 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It
495 ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you
496 didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an
497 object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>.
499 =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
501 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
502 object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a
503 defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name.
504 Something like this will reproduce the error:
507 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
508 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
510 =item Can't chdir to %s
512 (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory
513 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
515 =item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
517 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for
520 =item Can't coerce array into hash
522 (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no
523 information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that
524 only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.
526 =item Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
528 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
529 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't
539 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
541 =item Can't coerce %s to number in %s
543 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
544 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
546 =item Can't coerce %s to string in %s
548 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
549 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
551 =item Can't create pipe mailbox
553 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted
554 quotas or other plumbing problems.
556 =item Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s"
558 (F) Currently, only scalar variables can be declared with a specific
559 class qualifier in a "my" or "our" declaration. The semantics may be
560 extended for other types of variables in future.
562 =item Can't declare %s in "%s"
564 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my" or
565 "our" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
567 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
569 (S inplace) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as
570 a file in /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.
572 =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
574 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
577 =item Can't do inplace edit without backup
579 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try
580 reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say
581 C<-i.bak>, or some such.
583 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
585 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14
586 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during
587 inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored.
589 =item Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
591 (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want your
592 regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. The <-- HERE shows in the
593 regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
595 =item Can't do setegid!
597 (P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of
600 =item Can't do seteuid!
602 (P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some reason.
604 =item Can't do setuid
606 (F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to exec suidperl to do
607 setuid emulation, but couldn't exec it. It looks for a name of the form
608 sperl5.000 in the same directory that the perl executable resides under
609 the name perl5.000, typically /usr/local/bin on Unix machines. If the
610 file is there, check the execute permissions. If it isn't, ask your
611 sysadmin why he and/or she removed it.
613 =item Can't do waitpid with flags
615 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
616 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
618 =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line
620 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
621 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #!
624 =item Can't exec "%s": %s
626 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the
627 named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the
628 permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in
629 C<$ENV{PATH}>, the executable in question was compiled for another
630 architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that
631 can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support
636 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because
637 that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may
638 need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
640 =item Can't execute %s
642 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute
643 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
645 =item Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
647 (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but there
648 is no builtin with the name C<word>.
650 =item Can't find %s character property "%s"
652 (F) You used C<\p{}> or C<\P{}> but the character property by that name
653 could not be found. Maybe you misspelled the name of the property
654 (remember that the names of character properties consist only of
655 alphanumeric characters), or maybe you forgot the C<Is> or C<In> prefix?
657 =item Can't find label %s
659 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's
660 possible for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
662 =item Can't find %s on PATH
664 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
667 =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
669 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
670 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The
671 script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
673 =item Can't find %s property definition %s
675 (F) You may have tried to use C<\p> which means a Unicode property (for
676 example C<\p{Lu}> is all uppercase letters). If you did mean to use a
677 Unicode property, see L<perlunicode> for the list of known properties.
678 If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either
679 by C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, until
682 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
684 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means
685 that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count
686 nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis:
688 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
690 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have included
691 unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's
692 editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
696 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
699 =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
701 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference
702 between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes.
703 Under VMS, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in
704 the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into
705 account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all
706 the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to
707 the access checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using
708 the device name and FID present in the stat buffer, but this works only
709 if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine,
710 because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning
711 appears, the name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up
712 and returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access checking
713 routine knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you
714 shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises
715 only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.)
717 =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name
719 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
720 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
722 =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
724 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your
725 mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
727 =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
729 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach
730 loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
732 =item Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
734 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look like
735 a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if
736 you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no.
737 See L<perlfunc/goto>.
739 =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string
741 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
742 "string". (You can use it to jump out of an eval {BLOCK}, but you
743 probably don't want to.)
745 =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
747 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
748 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
749 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
750 routine anyway. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
752 =item Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
754 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
755 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
756 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child
757 processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This
758 situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl
759 may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
761 =item Can't "last" outside a loop block
763 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
764 except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current
765 block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish"
766 block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep(). You can
767 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the
768 inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See
771 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s
773 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
774 lexical variable using "my". This is not allowed. If you want to
775 localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the
778 =item Can't localize through a reference
780 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
781 handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref
782 pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure
783 that $ref will still be a reference.
785 =item Can't locate %s
787 (F) You said to C<do> (or C<require>, or C<use>) a file that couldn't be
788 found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in @INC,
789 unless the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you
790 need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where
791 the extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name
792 to @INC. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See
793 L<perlfunc/require> and L<lib>.
795 =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
797 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
798 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes
799 are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit>
800 the file, say, by doing C<make install>.
802 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
804 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
805 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
806 method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>.
808 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
810 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that
811 doesn't seem to exist.
813 =item Can't locate PerlIO%s
815 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
816 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
818 =item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
820 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably
823 =item Can't modify %s in %s
825 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try
826 to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
828 =item Can't modify nonexistent substring
830 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed
833 =item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call
835 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as
836 such, see L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
838 =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var
840 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
843 =item Can't "next" outside a loop block
845 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
846 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
847 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or
848 grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
849 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops
850 once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
852 =item Can't open %s: %s
854 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >>
855 filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line
856 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this
857 is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named on
860 =item Can't open a reference
862 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
863 using the 3-arg open() syntax :
867 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form of
868 open is not supported.
870 =item Can't open bidirectional pipe
872 (W pipe) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported.
873 You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such
874 as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using
875 ">", and then read it in under a different file handle.
877 =item Can't open error file %s as stderr
879 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
880 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on
881 the command line for writing.
883 =item Can't open input file %s as stdin
885 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
886 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
887 command line for reading.
889 =item Can't open output file %s as stdout
891 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
892 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on
893 the command line for writing.
895 =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
897 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
898 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined
901 =item Can't open perl script%s
903 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
905 =item Can't provide tied hash usage; use keys(%hash) to test if empty
907 (F) When a hash is evaluated in scalar context, bucket usage is
908 returned if the hash is populated, and false is returned if the hash
909 is empty. Bucket usage is not currently available for tied hashes.
910 To test if a hash is empty or populated, use keys(%hash) in scalar
913 =item Can't read CRTL environ
915 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV
916 from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was
917 missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ
918 or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not
921 =item Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s
923 (F) Perl optimizes the internal handling of sort subroutines and keeps
924 pointers into them. You tried to redefine one such sort subroutine when
925 it was currently active, which is not allowed. If you really want to do
926 this, you should write C<sort { &func } @x> instead of C<sort func @x>.
928 =item Can't "redo" outside a loop block
930 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
931 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
932 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map()
933 or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
934 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that
935 loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>.
937 =item Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
939 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
940 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with
941 the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
943 =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
945 (S inplace) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason,
946 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
948 =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
950 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried
951 to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
953 =item Can't resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
955 (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as opposed
956 to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the package. If
957 method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
959 =item Can't reswap uid and euid
961 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of
964 =item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
966 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
967 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This
970 =item Can't return outside a subroutine
972 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
973 there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>.
975 =item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
977 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue subroutine,
978 but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl think you meant
979 to return only one value. You probably meant to write parentheses around
980 the call to the subroutine, which tell Perl that the call should be in
983 =item Can't stat script "%s"
985 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it
986 open already. Bizarre.
988 =item Can't swap uid and euid
990 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of
993 =item Can't take log of %g
995 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
996 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
997 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the
1000 =item Can't take sqrt of %g
1002 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1003 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard
1004 with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1006 =item Can't undef active subroutine
1008 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can,
1009 however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the
1010 redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure.
1014 (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted, such
1015 as the main Perl stack.
1017 =item Can't upgrade that kind of scalar
1019 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making it
1020 into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are so
1021 specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message
1022 indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1024 =item Can't upgrade to undef
1026 (P) The undefined SV is the bottom of the totem pole, in the scheme of
1027 upgradability. Upgrading to undef indicates an error in the code
1030 =item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1032 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol
1033 table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous
1034 for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>.
1036 =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1038 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
1039 be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
1041 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1043 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1044 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1046 =item Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1048 (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the
1049 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
1050 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
1052 =item Can't use %s for loop variable
1054 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a
1057 =item Can't use global %s in "my"
1059 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This
1060 is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location
1061 (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to
1062 have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
1065 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1067 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
1068 You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator,
1069 and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
1070 Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
1073 =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1075 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
1076 reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1077 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1079 =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1081 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1082 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1084 =item Can't use subscript on %s
1086 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1087 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1088 didn't look like an array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
1090 =item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1092 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that
1093 creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a
1094 backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular
1095 expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a
1096 value that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form
1099 =item Can't weaken a nonreference
1101 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only
1102 references can be weakened.
1104 =item Can't x= to read-only value
1106 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value)
1107 with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
1108 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
1110 =item Character in "C" format wrapped in pack
1116 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the C<"C"> format is
1117 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1118 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1122 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1125 =item Character in "c" format wrapped in pack
1131 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the C<"c"> format
1132 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1133 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1135 pack("c", $x & 255);
1137 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1140 =item close() on unopened filehandle %s
1142 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1144 =item Code missing after '/'
1146 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be another
1147 template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1149 =item %s: Command not found
1151 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1152 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1154 =item Compilation failed in require
1156 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement.
1157 Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it
1158 encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately.
1160 =item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1162 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1163 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited
1164 to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow
1165 arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without
1166 recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string
1167 under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather than
1168 in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so
1169 that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlfaq2> for information
1170 on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.)
1172 =item cond_broadcast() called on unlocked variable
1174 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1175 cond_broadcast() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_broadcast()
1176 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a
1177 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread
1178 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to
1179 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed
1180 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
1183 =item cond_signal() called on unlocked variable
1185 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1186 cond_signal() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_signal()
1187 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a
1188 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread
1189 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to
1190 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed
1191 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
1194 =item connect() on closed socket %s
1196 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget
1197 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1198 L<perlfunc/connect>.
1200 =item Constant(%s)%s: %s
1202 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to define
1203 an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character name
1204 specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you forgot to load the
1205 corresponding C<overload> or C<charnames> pragma? See L<charnames> and
1208 =item Constant is not %s reference
1210 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the C<use constant> pragma)
1211 is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference.
1212 The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This
1213 usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value.
1214 See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> and L<constant>.
1216 =item Constant subroutine %s redefined
1218 (S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been
1219 eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for
1220 commentary and workarounds.
1222 =item Constant subroutine %s undefined
1224 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible
1225 for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
1228 =item Copy method did not return a reference
1230 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See
1231 L<overload/Copy Constructor>.
1233 =item CORE::%s is not a keyword
1235 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1237 =item corrupted regexp pointers
1239 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1240 expression compiler gave it.
1242 =item corrupted regexp program
1244 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a
1247 =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
1249 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
1251 =item Count after length/code in unpack
1253 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but
1254 you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1257 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1259 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly)
1260 100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an
1261 infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in
1262 which case it indicates something else.
1264 =item defined(@array) is deprecated
1266 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it
1267 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the
1268 array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example.
1270 =item defined(%hash) is deprecated
1272 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it
1273 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the hash
1274 is empty, just use C<if (%hash) { # not empty }> for example.
1276 =item %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1278 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1279 there are neither package declarations nor a C<$VERSION>.
1281 =item Delimiter for here document is too long
1283 (F) In a here document construct like C<<<FOO>, the label C<FOO> is too
1284 long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code
1285 that triggers this error.
1287 =item Did not produce a valid header
1291 =item %s did not return a true value
1293 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
1294 it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
1295 traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would
1296 do. See L<perlfunc/require>.
1298 =item (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1300 (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some
1303 =item (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1305 (W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global
1306 variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which
1309 =item (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1311 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1312 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got
1317 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or
1318 you called it with no args and both C<$@> and C<$_> were empty.
1320 =item Document contains no data
1324 =item %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1326 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1327 define a C<$VERSION.>
1329 =item '/' does not take a repeat count
1331 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code.
1332 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1334 =item %s "\x%s" does not map to Unicode
1336 You tried to read in some encoding using PerlIO, but the bytes you
1337 read in are not legal in that encoding, for example
1339 utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
1341 if you try to read in the a-diaerers Latin-1 as UTF-8.
1343 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
1345 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1347 =item do_study: out of memory
1349 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1351 =item (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1353 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
1354 found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
1355 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be
1356 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
1357 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're referencing
1358 something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the
1359 subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty
1360 "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1362 =item dump() better written as CORE::dump()
1364 (W misc) You used the obsolescent C<dump()> built-in function, without fully
1365 qualifying it as C<CORE::dump()>. Maybe it's a typo. See L<perlfunc/dump>.
1367 =item Duplicate free() ignored
1369 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1372 =item elseif should be elsif
1374 (S) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's ugly.
1375 Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named
1376 "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is
1377 unlikely to be what you want.
1381 (F) C<\p> and C<\P> are used to introduce a named Unicode property, as
1382 described in L<perlunicode> and L<perlre>. You used C<\p> or C<\P> in
1383 a regular expression without specifying the property name.
1385 =item entering effective %s failed
1387 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
1388 effective uids or gids failed.
1390 =item Error converting file specification %s
1392 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file
1393 specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a
1394 single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed
1395 an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the
1396 conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1398 =item %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1400 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1401 expression that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which
1402 is unsafe. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>.
1404 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time
1406 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the
1407 C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1408 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, it
1409 is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly
1410 building the pattern from an interpolated string at run time and using
1411 that in an eval(). See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1413 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
1415 (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width
1416 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'>
1417 pragma is in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1419 =item Excessively long <> operator
1421 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a
1422 Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
1423 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a
1424 variable and glob that.
1426 =item exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
1428 (F) The C<exec> function is not implemented in MacPerl. See L<perlport>.
1430 =item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors
1432 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
1434 =item Exiting eval via %s
1436 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a
1437 goto, or a loop control statement.
1439 =item Exiting format via %s
1441 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such as a
1442 goto, or a loop control statement.
1444 =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s
1446 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a
1447 sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a
1448 loop control statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
1450 =item Exiting subroutine via %s
1452 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such
1453 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
1455 =item Exiting substitution via %s
1457 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such
1458 as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
1460 =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
1462 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has
1463 the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is
1464 usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package,
1465 e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
1467 =item %s: Expression syntax
1469 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1470 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1472 =item %s failed--call queue aborted
1474 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a CHECK, INIT, or
1475 END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the queue of such
1476 routines has been prematurely ended.
1478 =item False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1480 (W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a literal
1481 character, not another character class like C<\d> or C<[:alpha:]>. The "-"
1482 in your false range is interpreted as a literal "-". Consider quoting the
1483 "-", "\-". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
1484 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
1486 =item Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
1488 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
1489 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more
1490 details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell
1491 you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
1493 =item fcntl is not implemented
1495 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a
1496 PDP-11 or something?
1498 =item Filehandle %s opened only for input
1500 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended
1501 it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or
1502 "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to
1503 write the file, use ">" or ">>". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1505 =item Filehandle %s opened only for output
1507 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If
1508 you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it
1509 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
1510 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1511 Another possibility is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0
1512 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed STDIN earlier?).
1514 =item Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
1516 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
1517 as STDOUT or STDERR. This occured because you closed STDOUT or STDERR
1520 =item Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
1522 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
1523 as STDIN. This occured because you closed STDIN previously.
1525 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name
1527 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be
1528 a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
1529 happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the
1532 =item flock() on closed filehandle %s
1534 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed
1535 some time before now. Check your control flow. flock() operates on
1536 filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the
1539 =item Format not terminated
1541 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
1542 to the end of your file without finding such a line.
1544 =item Format %s redefined
1546 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
1549 no warnings 'redefine';
1550 eval "format NAME =...";
1553 =item Found = in conditional, should be ==
1563 (or something like that).
1565 =item %s found where operator expected
1567 (S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator. If it
1568 sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an
1569 operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an
1570 operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
1572 =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
1574 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
1576 =item gethostent not implemented
1578 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably
1579 because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname
1582 =item get%sname() on closed socket %s
1584 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed
1585 socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
1587 =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
1589 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the
1590 C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC.
1592 =item getsockopt() on closed socket %s
1594 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
1595 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1596 L<perlfunc/getsockopt>.
1598 =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
1600 (F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates that all variables
1601 must either be lexically scoped (using "my"), declared beforehand using
1602 "our", or explicitly qualified to say which package the global variable
1605 =item glob failed (%s)
1607 (W glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
1608 C<glob> and C<< <*.c> >>. Usually, this means that you supplied a
1609 C<glob> pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
1610 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
1611 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell) is
1612 broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables in
1613 config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it
1614 were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them all
1615 empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will
1616 think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run
1617 C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl.
1619 =item Glob not terminated
1621 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
1622 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
1623 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
1624 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
1626 =item Got an error from DosAllocMem
1628 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete
1629 version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
1631 =item goto must have label
1633 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
1634 unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
1636 =item ()-group starts with a count
1638 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is
1639 supposed to follow something: a template character or a ()-group.
1640 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1642 =item %s had compilation errors
1644 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails.
1646 =item Had to create %s unexpectedly
1648 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought
1649 to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be
1650 created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
1652 =item $* is no longer supported
1654 (D deprecated) The special variable C<$*>, deprecated in older perls, has
1655 been removed as of 5.9.0 and is no longer supported. You should use the
1656 C<//m> and C<//s> regexp modifiers instead.
1658 =item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
1660 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some
1661 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
1663 =item %s has too many errors
1665 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
1666 Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
1668 =item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
1670 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
1671 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
1672 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
1674 =item Identifier too long
1676 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to
1677 about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound
1678 names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions
1679 of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.
1681 =item Illegal binary digit %s
1683 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
1685 =item Illegal binary digit %s ignored
1687 (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
1688 binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the
1691 =item Illegal character %s (carriage return)
1693 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
1694 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this error
1695 when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason, your
1696 version of Perl appears to have been built without this support. Talk
1697 to your Perl administrator.
1699 =item Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
1701 (W syntax) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration. Legal
1702 characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, and \.
1704 =item Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
1706 (F) When using the C<sub> keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine,
1707 you must always specify a block of code. See L<perlsub>.
1709 =item Illegal division by zero
1711 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in
1712 your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
1715 =item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
1717 (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or
1718 A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal
1719 number stopped before the illegal character.
1721 =item Illegal modulus zero
1723 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
1724 numbers don't take to this kindly.
1726 =item Illegal number of bits in vec
1728 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of
1729 two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
1731 =item Illegal octal digit %s
1733 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1735 =item Illegal octal digit %s ignored
1737 (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1738 Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
1740 =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s
1742 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
1743 following switches: B<-[DIMUdmtw]>.
1745 =item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
1747 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's
1748 internal environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=>
1749 delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored.
1751 =item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
1753 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical
1754 name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and
1755 didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was
1758 =item Impossible to activate assertion call
1760 (W assertions) You're calling an assertion function in a block that is
1761 not under the control of the C<assertions> pragma.
1763 =item (in cleanup) %s
1765 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised
1766 the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the
1767 system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of
1768 times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that
1769 would otherwise result in the same message being repeated.
1771 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag could
1772 also result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>.
1774 =item In EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647
1776 (F) An error peculiar to EBCDIC. Internally, v-strings are stored as
1777 Unicode code points, and encoded in EBCDIC as UTF-EBCDIC. The UTF-EBCDIC
1778 encoding is limited to code points no larger than 2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF).
1780 =item Insecure dependency in %s
1782 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like.
1783 The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or
1784 setgid, or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The
1785 tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly
1786 from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any
1787 such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See
1788 L<perlsec> for more information.
1790 =item Insecure directory in %s
1792 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
1793 setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by
1794 the world. See L<perlsec>.
1796 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
1798 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
1799 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>,
1800 C<$ENV{ENV}>, C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> or C<$ENV{TERM}> are derived from data
1801 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set
1802 the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>.
1804 =item Integer overflow in %s number
1806 (W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified
1807 either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for
1808 your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number.
1809 On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number
1810 representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or
1811 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl
1812 transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation
1813 internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent
1816 =item Integer overflow in version
1818 (F) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for the
1819 size of integers for your architecture. This is not a warning
1820 because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use a
1821 element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually caused by
1822 trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like
1825 =item Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1827 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
1828 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
1831 =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
1833 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of times
1834 you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine whether the current call
1835 to C<exec> should affect the current script or a subprocess (see
1836 L<perlvms/"exec LIST">). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so
1837 Perl is making a guess and treating this C<exec> as a request to
1838 terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command.
1840 =item Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1842 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The
1843 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
1846 =item %s (...) interpreted as function
1848 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator
1849 followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list
1850 operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
1851 L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>.
1853 =item Invalid %s attribute: %s
1855 The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized
1856 by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
1858 =item Invalid %s attributes: %s
1860 The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
1861 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
1863 =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
1865 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See
1866 L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
1868 =item Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1870 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
1871 greater than the maximum character. One possibility is that you forgot the
1872 C<{}> from your ending C<\x{}> - C<\x> without the curly braces can go only
1873 up to C<ff>. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
1874 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
1876 =item Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
1878 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
1879 character greater than the maximum character. See L<perlop>.
1881 =item Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
1883 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
1884 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
1885 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
1888 =item Invalid type '%s' in %s
1890 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type.
1891 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1892 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be
1895 =item Invalid version format (multiple underscores)
1897 (F) Versions may contain at most a single underscore, which signals
1898 that the version is a beta release. See L<version> for the allowed
1901 =item Invalid version format (underscores before decimal)
1903 (F) Versions may not contain decimals after the optional underscore.
1904 See L<version> for the allowed version formats.
1906 =item ioctl is not implemented
1908 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty
1909 strange for a machine that supports C.
1911 =item ioctl() on unopened %s
1913 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened.
1914 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
1916 =item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
1918 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
1919 neither as a system call or an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
1921 =item `%s' is not a code reference
1923 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of overload::constant
1924 needs to be a code reference. Either an anonymous subroutine, or a reference
1927 =item `%s' is not an overloadable type
1929 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is
1932 =item junk on end of regexp
1934 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
1936 =item Label not found for "last %s"
1938 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop
1939 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1942 =item Label not found for "next %s"
1944 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of
1945 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1948 =item Label not found for "redo %s"
1950 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of
1951 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1954 =item leaving effective %s failed
1956 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
1957 effective uids or gids failed.
1959 =item length/code after end of string in unpack
1961 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was alread used up when an unpack
1962 length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in
1963 an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1965 =item listen() on closed socket %s
1967 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget
1968 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1971 =item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1973 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can
1974 handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release. The <-- HERE
1975 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
1977 =item lstat() on filehandle %s
1979 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
1980 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat()
1981 instead on the filehandle.)
1983 =item Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet
1985 (F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array and hash
1986 values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context. See
1987 L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
1989 =item Malformed integer in [] in pack
1991 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
1992 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1994 =item Malformed integer in [] in unpack
1996 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
1997 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1999 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
2001 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form
2008 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix of
2009 a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may
2010 appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
2011 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in L<perlos2>.
2013 =item Malformed prototype for %s: %s
2015 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
2016 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check for
2017 obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check is run
2018 when the function is called.
2020 =item Malformed UTF-8 character (%s)
2022 Perl detected something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding rules.
2024 One possible cause is that you read in data that you thought to be in
2025 UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy 8-bit data). Another
2026 possibility is careless use of utf8::upgrade().
2028 =item Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
2030 Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while
2031 doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
2033 =item %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2035 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
2036 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. The <-- HERE
2037 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
2040 =item "%s" may clash with future reserved word
2042 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a perl4
2043 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is
2046 =item % may not be used in pack
2048 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
2049 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way.
2050 See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
2052 =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
2054 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2055 doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2057 =item Method %s not permitted
2061 =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
2063 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused
2064 by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually
2065 ended earlier on the current line.
2067 =item Misplaced _ in number
2069 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
2070 separate two digits.
2072 =item Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}
2074 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within
2075 double-quotish context.
2077 =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function
2079 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
2080 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
2082 =item Missing command in piped open
2084 (W pipe) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or
2085 C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or
2088 =item Missing control char name in \c
2090 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required control
2093 =item Missing name in "my sub"
2095 (F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that
2096 they have a name with which they can be found.
2098 =item Missing $ on loop variable
2100 (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables
2101 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it
2102 can vary from one line to the next.
2104 =item (Missing operator before %s?)
2106 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
2107 found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
2109 =item Missing right brace on %s
2111 (F) Missing right brace in C<\p{...}> or C<\P{...}>.
2113 =item Missing right curly or square bracket
2115 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing
2116 ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you
2119 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
2121 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
2122 found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
2123 the previous line just because you saw this message.
2125 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted
2127 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
2128 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
2129 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
2131 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
2134 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string.
2136 Yet another way is to assign to a C<foreach> loop I<VAR> when I<VAR>
2137 is aliased to a constant in the look I<LIST>:
2140 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
2141 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to modify the 2
2144 =item Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
2146 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
2147 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array
2150 =item Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
2152 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
2153 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
2155 =item Module name must be constant
2157 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use".
2159 =item Module name required with -%c option
2161 (F) The C<-M> or C<-m> options say that Perl should load some module, but
2162 you omitted the name of the module. Consult L<perlrun> for full details
2163 about C<-M> and C<-m>.
2165 =item More than one argument to open
2167 (F) The C<open> function has been asked to open multiple files. This
2168 can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes a
2169 list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open mode.
2170 See L<perlfunc/open> for details.
2172 =item msg%s not implemented
2174 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
2176 =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
2178 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>.
2179 They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
2181 =item '/' must be followed by 'a*', 'A*' or 'Z*'
2183 (F) You had a pack template indicating a counted-length string,
2184 Currently the only things that can have their length counted are a*, A*
2185 or Z*. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2187 =item '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
2189 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not
2190 follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
2191 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2193 =item "my sub" not yet implemented
2195 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try
2198 =item "my" variable %s can't be in a package
2200 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make
2201 sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use
2202 local() if you want to localize a package variable.
2204 =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
2206 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
2207 If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention it
2208 again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> declaration is
2209 provided for this purpose.
2211 NOTE: This warning detects symbols that have been used only once so $c, @c,
2212 %c, *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or format) are considered
2213 the same; if a program uses $c only once but also uses any of the others it
2214 will not trigger this warning.
2216 =item Negative '/' count in unpack
2218 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was
2219 negative. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2221 =item Negative length
2223 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
2224 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
2226 =item Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
2228 (F) When C<vec> is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be
2229 greater than or equal to zero.
2231 =item Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2233 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. So
2234 things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The <-- HERE shows in the regular
2235 expression about where the problem was discovered.
2237 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and
2238 C<??> appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>.
2240 =item %s never introduced
2242 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of
2243 scope before it could possibly have been used.
2245 =item Newline in left-justified string for %s
2247 (W printf) There is a newline in a string to be left justified by
2248 C<printf> or C<sprintf>.
2250 The padding spaces will appear after the newline, which is probably not
2251 what you wanted. Usually you should remove the newline from the string
2252 and put formatting characters in the C<sprintf> format.
2254 =item No %s allowed while running setuid
2256 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or
2257 setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there
2258 will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
2259 securable. See L<perlsec>.
2261 =item No comma allowed after %s
2263 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not
2264 allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments.
2265 Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
2267 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
2268 constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such
2269 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating system
2270 does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an
2271 explicit import list for the constants you expect to see, please see
2272 L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an explicit import list
2273 would probably have caught this error earlier it naturally does not
2274 remedy the fact that your operating system still does not support that
2275 constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the symbol import
2276 list of B<use> or B<import> or in the constant name at the line where
2277 this error was triggered?
2279 =item No command into which to pipe on command line
2281 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2282 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
2283 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
2285 =item No DB::DB routine defined
2287 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
2288 for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof) didn't
2289 define a routine to be called at the beginning of each statement. Which
2290 is odd, because the file should have been required automatically, and
2291 should have blown up the require if it didn't parse right.
2293 =item No dbm on this machine
2295 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should
2296 supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>.
2298 =item No DBsub routine
2300 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch,
2301 but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof)
2302 didn't define a DB::sub routine to be called at the beginning of each
2303 ordinary subroutine call.
2305 =item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
2307 (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
2309 =item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
2311 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2312 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't
2313 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
2315 =item No group ending character '%c' found in template
2317 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
2318 matching counterpart. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2320 =item No input file after < on command line
2322 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2323 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the
2324 name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
2328 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2329 even on machines that don't support the #! construct.
2331 =item "no" not allowed in expression
2333 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
2334 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
2336 =item No output file after > on command line
2338 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2339 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it
2340 doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
2342 =item No output file after > or >> on command line
2344 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2345 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't
2346 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.
2348 =item No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
2350 (F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our"
2351 declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing
2352 semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
2354 =item No Perl script found in input
2356 (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning
2357 with #! and containing the word "perl".
2359 =item No setregid available
2361 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for
2364 =item No setreuid available
2366 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
2369 =item No space allowed after -%c
2371 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
2372 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
2374 =item No %s specified for -%c
2376 (F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but
2377 you haven't specified one.
2379 =item No such class %s
2381 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my" or "our" declaration, but
2382 this class doesn't exist at this point in your program.
2384 =item No such pipe open
2386 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to
2387 close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught
2388 earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
2390 =item No such signal: SIG%s
2392 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was
2393 not recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal
2394 names on your system.
2396 =item Not a CODE reference
2398 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2399 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2400 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2403 =item Not a format reference
2405 (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous
2406 format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist.
2408 =item Not a GLOB reference
2410 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is, a
2411 symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to
2412 something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out what
2413 kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2415 =item Not a HASH reference
2417 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a
2418 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function to
2419 find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2421 =item Not an ARRAY reference
2423 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found
2424 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2425 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2427 =item Not a perl script
2429 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2430 even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The line must
2433 =item Not a SCALAR reference
2435 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found
2436 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2437 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2439 =item Not a subroutine reference
2441 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2442 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2443 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2446 =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table
2448 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2449 doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2451 =item Not enough arguments for %s
2453 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
2455 =item Not enough format arguments
2457 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line
2458 supplied. See L<perlform>.
2462 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
2463 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2466 =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
2468 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
2469 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent
2470 to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
2471 F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which
2472 need to be added to UTC to get local time.
2474 =item Null filename used
2476 (F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many
2477 machines that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
2479 =item NULL OP IN RUN
2481 (P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
2484 =item Null picture in formline
2486 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
2487 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
2488 supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>.
2492 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
2494 =item NULL regexp argument
2496 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
2498 =item NULL regexp parameter
2500 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
2502 =item Number too long
2504 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to
2505 about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
2506 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In
2507 the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of
2510 =item Octal number in vector unsupported
2512 (F) Numbers with a leading C<0> are not currently allowed in vectors.
2513 The octal number interpretation of such numbers may be supported in a
2516 =item Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
2518 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
2519 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
2520 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
2522 See also L<perlport> for writing portable code.
2524 =item Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
2526 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number of
2527 arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
2529 =item Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
2531 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
2532 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2534 =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment
2536 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
2537 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2539 =item Offset outside string
2541 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with an offset
2542 pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to imagine. The sole
2543 exception to this is that C<sysread()>ing past the buffer will extend
2544 the buffer and zero pad the new area.
2546 =item %s() on unopened %s
2548 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was
2549 never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket()
2550 call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
2552 =item -%s on unopened filehandle %s
2554 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle
2555 that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
2559 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2563 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2565 =item Operation `%s': no method found, %s
2567 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no
2568 handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms
2569 of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless
2570 C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be true. See L<overload>.
2572 =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s
2574 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser
2575 was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to
2576 use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For
2577 example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you said
2580 =item "our" variable %s redeclared
2582 (W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before
2583 in the current lexical scope.
2585 =item Out of memory!
2587 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
2588 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has
2589 no option but to exit immediately.
2591 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your
2592 process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use C<limit> and
2593 C<limit datasize n> (where C<n> is the number of kilobytes) to check
2594 the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use C<ulimit -a>
2595 and C<ulimit -d n>, respectively.
2597 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
2599 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
2600 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
2601 the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a
2602 possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
2604 =item Out of memory during request for %s
2606 (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
2607 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
2610 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
2611 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable.
2612 However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as an
2613 emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the error
2614 is trappable I<once>, and the error message will include the line and file
2615 where the failed request happened.
2617 =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request
2619 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error
2620 is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g.,
2621 C<$arr[time]> instead of C<$arr[$time]>.
2623 =item Out of memory for yacc stack
2625 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
2626 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
2629 =item '@' outside of string in unpack
2631 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
2632 the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2634 =item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
2636 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
2637 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself
2638 some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a
2639 mixed-case attribute name, instead. See L<attributes>.
2641 =item pack/unpack repeat count overflow
2643 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
2644 signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2648 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a
2649 page. See L<perlform>.
2653 (P) An internal error.
2655 =item panic: ck_grep
2657 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
2659 =item panic: ck_split
2661 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.
2663 =item panic: corrupt saved stack index
2665 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than
2666 there are in the savestack.
2668 =item panic: del_backref
2670 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak
2673 =item panic: Devel::DProf inconsistent subroutine return
2675 (P) Devel::DProf called a subroutine that exited using goto(LABEL),
2676 last(LABEL) or next(LABEL). Leaving that way a subroutine called from
2677 an XSUB will lead very probably to a crash of the interpreter. This is
2678 a bug that will hopefully one day get fixed.
2682 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
2683 it wasn't an eval context.
2685 =item panic: do_subst
2687 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational
2690 =item panic: do_trans_%s
2692 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid operational
2697 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible.
2701 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label,
2702 and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in.
2704 =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD
2706 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
2708 =item panic: INTERPCONCAT
2710 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
2712 =item panic: kid popen errno read
2714 (F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno.
2718 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered
2719 it wasn't a block context.
2721 =item panic: leave_scope clearsv
2723 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
2726 =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency
2728 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
2729 invalid enum on the top of it.
2731 =item panic: magic_killbackrefs
2733 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak
2734 references to an object.
2738 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
2740 =item panic: mapstart
2742 (P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the map() function.
2744 =item panic: null array
2746 (P) One of the internal array routines was passed a null AV pointer.
2748 =item panic: pad_alloc
2750 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2751 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2753 =item panic: pad_free curpad
2755 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2756 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2758 =item panic: pad_free po
2760 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2762 =item panic: pad_reset curpad
2764 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2765 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2767 =item panic: pad_sv po
2769 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2771 =item panic: pad_swipe curpad
2773 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2774 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2776 =item panic: pad_swipe po
2778 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2780 =item panic: pp_iter
2782 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
2784 =item panic: pp_match%s
2786 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational
2789 =item panic: pp_split
2791 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
2793 =item panic: realloc
2795 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
2797 =item panic: restartop
2799 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and
2800 didn't supply the destination.
2804 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and
2805 then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
2807 =item panic: scan_num
2809 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
2811 =item panic: sv_insert
2813 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there
2816 =item panic: top_env
2818 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
2820 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
2822 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
2823 to even) byte length.
2827 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
2829 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
2831 (W parenthesis) You said something like
2837 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
2839 Remember that "my", "our", and "local" bind tighter than comma.
2841 =item C<-p> destination: %s
2843 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
2844 command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
2845 redirected it with select().)
2847 =item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
2849 (F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
2850 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means
2851 that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
2853 =item perlio: argument list not closed for layer "%s"
2855 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O system you
2856 forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers take care of transforming
2857 data between external and internal representations.) Perl stopped parsing
2858 the layer list at this point and did not attempt to push this layer.
2859 If your program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
2860 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
2862 =item perlio: invalid separator character %s in layer specification list %s
2864 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other than a
2865 colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list.
2866 If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that
2867 list was terminated too soon.
2869 =item perlio: unknown layer "%s"
2871 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O
2872 system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and
2873 internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>,
2874 are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't
2875 explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the
2876 value of the environment variable PERLIO.
2878 =item Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped
2880 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
2881 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since
2882 you upgraded, anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>.
2884 =item PERL_SH_DIR too long
2886 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
2887 C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>.
2889 =item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
2891 See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values.
2893 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2895 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
2897 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2898 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
2901 are supported and installed on your system.
2902 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
2904 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
2905 settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value.
2906 This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your operating
2907 system supplier and/or system administrator have set up the so-called
2908 locale system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not
2909 dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale" called "C" that
2910 Perl can and will use, the script will be run. Before you really fix
2911 the problem, however, you will get the same error message each time
2912 you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in
2913 L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
2915 =item Permission denied
2917 (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.
2919 =item pid %x not a child
2921 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a
2922 process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is
2923 fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
2925 =item 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
2927 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
2929 =item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script
2931 (F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,
2932 which provides a race condition that breaks security.
2934 =item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2936 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The <-- HERE
2937 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
2938 Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix
2939 the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>,
2940 not C<isprint>. See L<perlre>.
2942 =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
2944 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
2945 the BSD version, which takes a pid.
2947 =item POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2949 (W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go
2950 I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example:
2951 /[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently
2952 implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and will
2953 cause fatal errors. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
2954 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
2956 =item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2958 (F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
2959 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions.
2960 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
2961 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
2962 backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
2963 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
2965 =item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2967 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
2968 with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions. If you
2969 need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression
2970 character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[="
2971 and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
2972 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
2974 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
2976 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
2977 strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as
2978 literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the
2979 parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
2981 You probably wrote something like this:
2988 when you should have written this:
2995 If you really want comments, build your list the
2996 old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas:
3000 'b', # another comment
3003 =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas
3005 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
3006 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
3007 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
3010 You probably wrote something like this:
3014 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without
3015 commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
3019 =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
3021 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for.
3022 Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the
3023 end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
3024 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
3026 =item Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator
3028 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction
3029 with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
3031 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
3033 This expression is actually equivalent to C<$x & ($y == 0)>, due to the
3034 higher precedence of C<==>. This is probably not what you want. (If you
3035 really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the
3036 parentheses explicitly and write C<$x & ($y == 0)>).
3038 =item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
3040 (W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted string
3041 but there was no array C<@foo> in scope at the time. If you wanted a
3042 literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened
3043 to the array you apparently lost track of.
3045 =item Possible Y2K bug: %s
3047 (W y2k) You are concatenating the number 19 with another number, which
3048 could be a potential Year 2000 problem.
3050 =item pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead
3052 (D deprecated) You have written something like this:
3056 use attrs qw(locked);
3059 You should use the new declaration syntax instead.
3065 The C<use attrs> pragma is now obsolete, and is only provided for
3066 backward-compatibility. See L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes">.
3068 =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
3070 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
3074 is now misinterpreted as
3078 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and
3079 list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put
3080 parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead
3083 =item Premature end of script headers
3087 =item printf() on closed filehandle %s
3089 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
3090 before now. Check your control flow.
3092 =item print() on closed filehandle %s
3094 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime
3095 before now. Check your control flow.
3097 =item Process terminated by SIG%s
3099 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix
3100 applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2
3101 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
3102 L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT"
3105 =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
3107 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been
3108 declared or defined with a different function prototype.
3110 =item Prototype not terminated
3112 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
3115 =item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3117 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you
3118 meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3119 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3121 =item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3123 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of the
3124 {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where
3125 the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3127 =item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3129 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where
3130 it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the
3131 quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match
3132 "abc" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is
3133 C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>.
3135 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3138 =item Range iterator outside integer range
3140 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".."
3141 are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally.
3142 One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment
3143 by prepending "0" to your numbers.
3145 =item readline() on closed filehandle %s
3147 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
3148 before now. Check your control flow.
3150 =item read() on closed filehandle %s
3152 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
3154 =item read() on unopened filehandle %s
3156 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
3158 =item Reallocation too large: %lx
3160 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
3162 =item realloc() of freed memory ignored
3164 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
3167 =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch
3169 (F debugging) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce
3170 the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
3171 which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
3173 =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
3175 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were used. Probably indicates
3176 an unintended loop in your inheritance hierarchy.
3178 =item Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method %s
3180 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while invoking
3181 a method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance
3184 =item Reference found where even-sized list expected
3186 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list
3187 with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This usually
3188 means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant to use
3189 parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>.
3191 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
3192 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
3193 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
3194 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
3196 =item Reference is already weak
3198 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak.
3199 Doing so has no effect.
3201 =item Reference miscount in sv_replace()
3203 (W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with
3204 a reference count of other than 1.
3206 =item Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3208 (F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are
3209 not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If you
3210 wanted to have the character with value 7 inserted into the regular expression,
3211 prepend a zero to make the number at least two digits: C<\07>
3213 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3216 =item regexp memory corruption
3218 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
3219 expression compiler gave it.
3221 =item Regexp out of space
3223 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it
3226 =item Reversed %s= operator
3228 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must
3229 always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.
3231 =item Runaway format
3233 (F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence, but it
3234 produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly like the
3235 199th line. Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to exhaust
3236 themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by
3237 shifting or popping (for array variables). See L<perlform>.
3239 =item Scalars leaked: %d
3241 (P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars:
3242 not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited.
3243 What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad,
3244 especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running.
3246 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
3248 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
3249 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar
3250 value (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always
3251 behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
3252 argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
3253 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
3254 if you're expecting only one subscript.
3256 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
3257 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
3258 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
3261 =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
3263 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single
3264 element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value
3265 (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves
3266 like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
3267 argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
3268 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
3269 if you're expecting only one subscript.
3271 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element
3272 as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will
3273 not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
3276 =item Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
3278 (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a setuid
3279 or setgid bit set. This doesn't make much sense.
3281 =item Search pattern not terminated
3283 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
3284 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3285 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error.
3287 Note that since Perl 5.9.0 a // can also be the I<defined-or>
3288 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code written
3289 in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be
3290 misparsed by pre-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern.
3292 =item %sseek() on unopened filehandle
3294 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
3295 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
3297 =item select not implemented
3299 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
3301 =item Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
3303 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in
3304 the current implementation.
3306 =item Semicolon seems to be missing
3308 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing
3309 semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
3311 =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
3313 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a
3314 scalar that had previously been marked as free.
3316 =item sem%s not implemented
3318 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
3320 =item send() on closed socket %s
3322 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
3323 before now. Check your control flow.
3325 =item Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3327 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The <-- HERE
3328 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3331 =item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3333 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved but
3334 has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3335 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3337 =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3339 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense. The
3340 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3341 discovered. See L<perlre>.
3343 =item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3345 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
3346 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. The <-- HERE shows in
3347 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3350 =item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3352 (F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance
3353 for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <-- HERE shows in
3354 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3357 =item 500 Server error
3363 This is the error message generally seen in a browser window when trying
3364 to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The actual error text
3365 varies widely from server to server. The most frequently-seen variants
3366 are "500 Server error", "Method (something) not permitted", "Document
3367 contains no data", "Premature end of script headers", and "Did not
3368 produce a valid header".
3370 B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>.
3372 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by the
3373 user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the user
3374 account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment variables
3375 (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in a
3376 location where the CGI server can't find it, basically, more or less.
3377 Please see the following for more information:
3379 http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
3380 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
3381 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
3383 You should also look at L<perlfaq9>.
3385 =item setegid() not implemented
3387 (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't
3388 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3391 =item seteuid() not implemented
3393 (F) You tried to assign to C<< $> >>, and your operating system doesn't
3394 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3397 =item setpgrp can't take arguments
3399 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
3400 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process
3403 =item setrgid() not implemented
3405 (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't
3406 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3409 =item setruid() not implemented
3411 (F) You tried to assign to C<$<>, and your operating system doesn't
3412 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3415 =item setsockopt() on closed socket %s
3417 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
3418 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
3419 L<perlfunc/setsockopt>.
3421 =item Setuid/gid script is writable by world
3423 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the
3424 world, because the world might have written on it already.
3426 =item shm%s not implemented
3428 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
3430 =item <> should be quotes
3432 (F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written
3435 =item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
3437 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string,
3438 as in the first argument to C<join>. Perl will treat the true or false
3439 result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string, which is
3440 probably not what you had in mind.
3442 =item shutdown() on closed socket %s
3444 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit
3447 =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
3449 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist.
3450 Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
3452 =item sort is now a reserved word
3454 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.
3455 But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle.
3457 =item Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
3459 (F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You probably blew
3460 it by not using C<< <=> >> or C<cmp>, or by not using them correctly.
3461 See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3463 =item Sort subroutine didn't return single value
3465 (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more
3466 or less than one element. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3468 =item splice() offset past end of array
3470 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of
3471 the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at the end
3472 of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you want, try
3473 explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array = $offset. See
3478 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't
3479 iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what
3480 happened.) See L<perlfunc/split>.
3482 =item Statement unlikely to be reached
3484 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a
3485 die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns
3486 unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system()
3487 instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in
3490 =item stat() on unopened filehandle %s
3492 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that
3493 was either never opened or has since been closed.
3495 =item Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading %s
3497 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation
3498 stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to
3499 C<can> may break this.
3501 =item Subroutine %s redefined
3503 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
3506 no warnings 'redefine';
3507 eval "sub name { ... }";
3510 =item Substitution loop
3512 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution
3513 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which
3514 is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in
3515 L<perlop/"Quote and Quote-like Operators">.
3517 =item Substitution pattern not terminated
3519 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
3520 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3521 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
3523 =item Substitution replacement not terminated
3525 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
3526 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3527 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
3529 =item substr outside of string
3531 (W substr),(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of
3532 a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the
3533 length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is fatal if
3534 substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an
3535 assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
3537 =item suidperl is no longer needed since %s
3539 (F) Your Perl was compiled with B<-D>SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but
3540 a version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.
3542 =item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3544 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most two
3545 branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or both to
3546 contain alternation, such as using C<this|that|other>, enclose it in
3547 clustering parentheses:
3549 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
3551 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3552 discovered. See L<perlre>.
3554 =item Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3556 (F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct is a
3557 number, it can be only a number. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
3558 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3560 =item switching effective %s is not implemented
3562 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real
3563 and effective uids or gids.
3567 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
3571 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
3573 A keyword is misspelled.
3574 A semicolon is missing.
3576 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
3577 An opening or closing brace is missing.
3578 A closing quote is missing.
3580 Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax
3581 error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.)
3582 The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when
3583 it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens
3584 before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input.
3585 Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon
3586 the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call
3587 C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see
3588 if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20
3591 =item syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
3593 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
3594 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
3597 =item syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
3599 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
3600 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict"
3601 or "my $var" or "our $var".
3603 =item sysread() on closed filehandle %s
3605 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
3607 =item sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
3609 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
3611 =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine
3613 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
3614 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
3615 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
3616 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
3618 =item syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
3620 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
3621 before now. Check your control flow.
3623 =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
3625 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
3626 know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
3628 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested
3630 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested
3631 for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
3633 =item tell() on unopened filehandle
3635 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that
3636 was either never opened or has since been closed.
3638 =item That use of $[ is unsupported
3640 (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted
3641 as a compiler directive. You may say only one of
3650 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out
3651 from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>.
3653 =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
3655 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
3656 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they
3657 think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they
3658 will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I
3661 =item The %s function is unimplemented
3663 The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according
3664 to the probings of Configure.
3666 =item The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
3668 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
3669 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went
3670 past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename
3673 =item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
3675 =item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
3677 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an
3678 element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl
3679 wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll
3680 need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine
3681 F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that the environ array isn't the
3682 target of the change to
3683 %ENV which produced the warning.
3685 =item thread failed to start: %s
3687 (F) The entry point function of threads->create() failed for some reason.
3689 =item Tied variable freed while still in use
3691 (F) An access method for a tied variable (e.g. FETCH) did something to
3692 free the variable. Since continuing the current operation is likely
3693 to result in a coredump, Perl is bailing out instead.
3695 =item times not implemented
3697 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
3698 suspect you're not running on Unix.
3700 =item To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
3702 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
3703 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
3704 specified an illegal mapping.
3705 See L<perlunicode/"User-Defined Character Properties">.
3707 =item Too deeply nested ()-groups
3709 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level.
3711 =item Too few args to syscall
3713 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
3714 system call to call, silly dilly.
3716 =item Too late for "-%s" option
3718 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
3719 B<-M> or B<-m> option. This is an error because B<-M> and B<-m> options
3720 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead.
3722 =item Too late for "B<-T>" option
3724 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
3725 B<-T> option, but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.
3726 This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a
3727 script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment.
3730 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
3731 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed by
3732 editing the #! line so that the B<-T> option is a part of Perl's first
3733 argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -T> to C<perl -T -n>.
3735 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
3736 B<-T> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -T scriptname>.
3738 =item Too late to run %s block
3740 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper,
3741 when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are
3742 loading a file with C<require> or C<do> when you should be using C<use>
3743 instead. Or perhaps you should put the C<require> or C<do> inside a
3746 =item Too many args to syscall
3748 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
3750 =item Too many arguments for %s
3752 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
3756 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
3757 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
3761 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
3762 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
3764 =item Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
3766 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
3767 Backslash it. See L<perlre>.
3769 =item Transliteration pattern not terminated
3771 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
3772 or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables
3773 C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error.
3775 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated
3777 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
3780 =item '%s' trapped by operation mask
3782 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's
3783 disallowed. See L<Safe>.
3785 =item truncate not implemented
3787 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
3788 Configure knows about.
3790 =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
3792 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
3793 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be
3794 %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
3795 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>.
3797 =item umask not implemented
3799 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to
3800 use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
3802 =item Unable to create sub named "%s"
3804 (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name.
3806 =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
3808 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
3809 many execution contexts were entered and left.
3811 =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
3813 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
3814 many values were temporarily localized.
3816 =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
3818 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
3819 many blocks were entered and left.
3821 =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
3823 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
3824 many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
3826 =item Undefined format "%s" called
3828 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
3829 another package? See L<perlform>.
3831 =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
3833 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
3834 Perhaps it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3836 =item Undefined subroutine &%s called
3838 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
3839 since been undefined.
3841 =item Undefined subroutine called
3843 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined,
3844 or if it was, it has since been undefined.
3846 =item Undefined subroutine in sort
3848 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem
3849 to have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3851 =item Undefined top format "%s" called
3853 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
3854 another package? See L<perlform>.
3856 =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob
3858 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la
3859 C<*foo = undef>. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
3862 =item %s: Undefined variable
3864 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
3865 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
3867 =item unexec of %s into %s failed!
3869 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF
3870 representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
3872 =item Unicode character %s is illegal
3874 (W utf8) Certain Unicode characters have been designated off-limits by
3875 the Unicode standard and should not be generated. If you really know
3876 what you are doing you can turn off this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
3878 =item Unknown BYTEORDER
3880 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte
3883 =item Unknown open() mode '%s'
3885 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
3886 of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>,
3887 C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>.
3889 =item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
3891 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before
3892 iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of
3893 data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
3894 subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
3896 =item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
3898 You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
3900 =item Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3902 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct
3903 is not known. The condition may be lookahead or lookbehind (the condition
3904 is true if the lookahead or lookbehind is true), a (?{...}) construct (the
3905 condition is true if the code evaluates to a true value), or a number (the
3906 condition is true if the set of capturing parentheses named by the number
3909 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3910 discovered. See L<perlre>.
3912 =item Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
3914 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
3915 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
3917 =item Unknown Unicode option value %x
3919 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
3920 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
3922 =item Unknown warnings category '%s'
3924 (F) An error issued by the C<warnings> pragma. You specified a warnings
3925 category that is unknown to perl at this point.
3927 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a module
3928 (e.g. C<use warnings 'File::Find'>), you must have imported this module
3931 =item unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3933 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
3934 include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it
3935 first. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem
3936 was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3938 =item unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3940 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
3941 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding the
3942 matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3943 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3945 =item Unmatched right %s bracket
3947 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening
3948 ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a
3949 general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place
3950 you were last editing.
3952 =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
3954 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
3955 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it
3956 somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a
3959 =item Unrecognized character %s
3961 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character
3962 in your Perl script (or eval). Perhaps you tried to run a compressed
3963 script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
3965 =item /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through
3967 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
3968 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
3969 understood literally.
3971 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
3973 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
3976 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3978 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
3979 recognized by Perl. This combination appears in an interpolated variable or
3980 a C<'>-delimited regular expression. The character was understood
3981 literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
3982 escape was discovered.
3984 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
3986 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
3987 recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names
3990 =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
3992 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you
3993 think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the
3994 bad switch on your behalf.)
3996 =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
3998 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
3999 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline,
4000 PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>.
4002 =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called
4004 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
4006 =item Unsupported function %s
4008 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
4009 At least, Configure doesn't think so.
4011 =item Unsupported function fork
4013 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
4015 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors
4016 of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try
4017 changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
4019 =item Unsupported script encoding
4021 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which
4022 declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot yet read.
4024 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
4026 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at
4027 least that's what Configure thought.
4029 =item Unterminated attribute list
4031 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
4032 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
4033 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
4034 attribute too soon. See L<attributes>.
4036 =item Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
4038 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing
4039 an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis
4040 character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash
4041 character to get your parentheses to balance. See L<attributes>.
4043 =item Unterminated compressed integer
4045 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
4046 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
4047 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
4049 =item Unterminated <> operator
4051 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
4052 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
4053 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
4054 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
4056 =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
4058 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was
4059 still valid when C<untie> was called.
4061 =item Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
4063 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments.
4064 See L<POSIX/FUNCTIONS> for more information.
4066 =item Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
4068 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments.
4069 See L<Win32> for more information.
4071 =item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4073 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no
4074 meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
4076 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
4080 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
4082 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4083 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4085 =item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4087 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no
4088 meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
4090 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
4094 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
4096 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4097 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4099 =item Useless localization of %s
4101 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as C<local($x=10)> is
4102 legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may change at
4103 some point in the future, but in the meantime such code is discouraged.
4105 =item Useless use of %s in void context
4107 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does
4108 nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a
4109 value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very
4110 often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl
4111 to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd
4112 get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and
4117 when you meant to say
4119 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
4121 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
4122 reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
4127 when you should have said
4131 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
4132 while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
4133 a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
4134 throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
4135 L<perlref> for more on this.
4137 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1
4138 since they are often used in statements like
4140 1 while sub_with_side_effects() ;
4142 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
4145 =item Useless use of "re" pragma
4147 (W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful.
4149 =item Useless use of sort in scalar context
4151 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
4155 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
4157 =item Useless use of %s with no values
4159 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no arguments
4160 apart from the array, like C<push(@x)> or C<unshift(@foo)>. That won't
4161 usually have any effect on the array, so is completely useless. It's
4162 possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could have some effect
4163 if the array is tied to a class which implements a PUSH method. If so,
4164 you can write it as C<push(@tied_array,())> to avoid this warning.
4166 =item "use" not allowed in expression
4168 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
4169 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
4171 =item Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated
4173 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form
4174 if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
4176 =item Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated
4178 (D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to
4179 $ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this
4180 behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they
4183 Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not
4184 blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.
4186 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
4188 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
4189 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
4191 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
4193 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but didn't
4194 use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is
4195 used. (This may change in the future.)
4197 =item Use of freed value in iteration (perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop?)
4199 (F) This is typically caused by code like the following:
4202 @a = () for (1,2,@a);
4204 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over.
4205 For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full
4206 reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the
4207 middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value.
4209 =item Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated
4211 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO} form
4212 to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob.
4214 =item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
4216 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split>
4217 operator. Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern
4218 repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect.
4220 =item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
4222 (D deprecated) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you clobber
4223 a subroutine's argument list, so it's better if you assign the results
4224 of a split() explicitly to an array (or list).
4226 =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
4228 (D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines
4229 are looked up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the
4230 subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g.
4231 C<Foo::bar()>), not as methods (e.g. C<< Foo->bar() >> or C<<
4234 This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for
4235 methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base of existing
4236 code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl
4237 currently issues an optional warning when non-methods use inherited
4240 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
4241 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used
4242 to depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class
4243 named C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during
4246 In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);>
4247 you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
4248 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
4250 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported
4252 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
4253 only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
4255 =item Use of $# is deprecated
4257 (D deprecated) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly
4258 defined B<awk> feature. Use an explicit printf() or sprintf() instead.
4260 =item Use of %s is deprecated
4262 (D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,
4263 generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the
4264 old way has bad side effects.
4266 =item Use of -l on filehandle %s
4268 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file
4269 it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
4270 The operation returned C<undef>. Use a filename instead.
4272 =item Use of "package" with no arguments is deprecated
4274 (D deprecated) You used the C<package> keyword without specifying a package
4275 name. So no namespace is current at all. Using this can cause many
4276 otherwise reasonable constructs to fail in baffling ways. C<use strict;>
4279 =item Use of reference "%s" as array index
4281 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably
4282 isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend
4283 to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error.
4285 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like so:
4286 C<$array[0+$ref]>. This warning is not given for overloaded objects,
4287 either, because you can overload the numification and stringification
4288 operators and then you assumedly know what you are doing.
4290 =item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
4292 (D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future
4293 versions of perl may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either
4294 explicitly quoting the word in a manner appropriate for its context of
4295 use, or using a different name altogether. The warning can be
4296 suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a C<&> prefix, or using
4297 a package qualifier, e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>.
4299 =item Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
4301 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied C<system()> or C<exec()> with multiple
4302 arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used to be allowed
4303 but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl. Untaint your
4304 arguments. See L<perlsec>.
4306 =item Use of uninitialized value%s
4308 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
4309 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.
4310 To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables.
4312 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl tells you what operation
4313 you used the undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your
4314 program and the operation displayed in the warning may not necessarily
4315 appear literally in your program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is
4316 usually optimized into C<"that " . $foo>, and the warning will refer to
4317 the C<concatenation (.)> operator, even though there is no C<.> in your
4320 =item Using a hash as a reference is deprecated
4322 (D deprecated) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in
4323 C<< %foo->{"bar"} >> or C<< %$ref->{"hello"} >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1
4324 used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will
4325 be removed in a future version.
4327 =item Using an array as a reference is deprecated
4329 (D deprecated) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in
4330 C<< @foo->[23] >> or C<< @$ref->[99] >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 used to
4331 allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will be
4332 removed in a future version.
4334 =item UTF-16 surrogate %s
4336 (W utf8) You tried to generate half of an UTF-16 surrogate by
4337 requesting a Unicode character between the code points 0xD800 and
4338 0xDFFF (inclusive). That range is reserved exclusively for the use of
4339 UTF-16 encoding (by having two 16-bit UCS-2 characters); but Perl
4340 encodes its characters in UTF-8, so what you got is a very illegal
4341 character. If you really know what you are doing you can turn off
4342 this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
4344 =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
4346 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob),
4347 C<each()>, or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs
4348 can return a value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression
4349 false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these
4350 constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the
4351 C<defined> operator.
4353 =item Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
4355 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an
4356 %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string
4357 longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to
4360 =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
4362 (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable that
4363 you apparently thought was imported from another module, because
4364 something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by
4365 that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the
4366 front of your variable.
4368 =item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4370 (F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and
4371 known at compile time. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4372 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4374 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
4376 (W misc) A "my" or "our" variable has been redeclared in the current
4377 scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the previous
4378 instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note that the
4379 earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope or until
4380 all closure referents to it are destroyed.
4382 =item Variable "%s" is not available
4384 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is
4385 attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently available.
4386 This can be happen for one of two reasons. First, the outer lexical may be
4387 declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not yet been created.
4388 (Remember that named subs are created at compile time, while anonymous
4389 subs are created at run-time. For example,
4391 sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
4393 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value of $a,
4394 since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely,
4395 the following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by
4396 now been created and is live:
4398 sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
4400 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has
4401 gone out of scope, for example,
4409 Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently being
4410 executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
4412 =item Variable syntax
4414 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
4415 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
4418 =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
4420 (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a
4421 lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
4423 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of
4424 the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
4425 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
4426 outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no
4427 longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the
4428 variable will no longer be shared.
4430 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
4431 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that
4432 reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they
4433 are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
4435 =item Version number must be a constant number
4437 (P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into
4438 its equivalent C<BEGIN> block found an internal inconsistency with
4441 =item v-string in use/require is non-portable
4443 (W portable) The use of v-strings is non-portable to older, pre-5.6, Perls.
4444 If you want your scripts to be backward portable, use the floating
4445 point version number: for example, instead of C<use 5.6.1> say
4446 C<use 5.006_001>. This of course won't help: the older Perls
4447 won't suddenly start understanding newer features, but at least
4448 they will show a sensible error message indicating the required
4451 =item Warning: something's wrong
4453 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or
4454 you called it with no args and C<$_> was empty.
4456 =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
4458 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on
4459 the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk
4462 =item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
4464 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
4465 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a
4466 term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand
4467 function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
4471 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
4475 but in actual fact, you got
4479 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
4481 =item Wide character in %s
4483 (W utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting
4484 one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The easiest
4485 way to quiet this warning is simply to add the C<:utf8> layer to the
4486 output, e.g. C<binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'>. Another way to turn off the
4487 warning is to add C<no warnings 'utf8';> but that is often closer to
4488 cheating. In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the
4489 filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>.
4491 =item Within []-length '%c' not allowed
4493 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by C<[TEMPLATE]> only if
4494 C<TEMPLATE> always matches the same amount of packed bytes that can be
4495 determined from the template alone. This is not possible if it contains an
4496 of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a *-length. Redesign the template.
4498 =item write() on closed filehandle %s
4500 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
4501 before now. Check your control flow.
4503 =item 'X' outside of string
4505 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before
4506 the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
4508 =item 'x' outside of string in unpack
4510 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
4511 the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
4513 =item Xsub "%s" called in sort
4515 (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet
4518 =item Xsub called in sort
4520 (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet
4523 =item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
4525 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the
4526 sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip
4527 about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C wrapper around
4530 =item You need to quote "%s"
4532 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
4533 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
4534 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
4535 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it IS
4536 what you want, put an & in front.)
4538 =item Your random numbers are not that random
4540 (F) When trying to initialise the random seed for hashes, Perl could
4541 not get any randomness out of your system. This usually indicates
4542 Something Very Wrong.