3 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 (W) A warning (optional).
11 (D) A deprecation (optional).
12 (S) A severe warning (default).
13 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
14 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
15 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
16 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
18 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above
19 (W, D & S) can be controlled using the C<warnings> pragma.
21 If a message can be controlled by the C<warnings> pragma, its warning
22 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 Optional warnings are enabled by using the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-w>
26 and B<-W> switches. Warnings may be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}>
27 to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead
28 of printing it. See L<perlvar>.
30 Default warnings are always enabled unless they are explicitly disabled
31 with the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-X> switch.
33 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
34 L<perlfunc/eval>. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively
35 disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the C<warnings> pragma.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
39 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
40 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
41 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
42 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
47 =item accept() on closed socket %s
49 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget
50 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
53 =item Allocation too large: %lx
55 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
57 =item '!' allowed only after types %s
59 (F) The '!' is allowed in pack() and unpack() only after certain types.
62 =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
64 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl
65 keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling
66 one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the
67 subroutine is not imported.
69 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
70 before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
71 Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
72 imported with the C<use subs> pragma).
74 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix
75 on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or by declaring the subroutine
76 to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes"> or
79 =item Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
81 (F) You wrote something like C<tr/a-z-0//> which doesn't mean anything at
82 all. To include a C<-> character in a transliteration, put it either
83 first or last. (In the past, C<tr/a-z-0//> was synonymous with
84 C<tr/a-y//>, which was probably not what you would have expected.)
86 =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
88 (W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
89 you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
90 a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
92 =item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
94 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
95 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to
96 redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.
98 =item '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
100 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
101 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and
102 into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other,
103 though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script
104 which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
106 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
113 =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
115 (W misc) The pattern match (//), substitution (s///), and
116 transliteration (tr///) operators work on scalar values. If you apply
117 one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to
118 a scalar value -- the length of an array, or the population info of a
119 hash -- and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what
120 you meant to do. See L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for
123 =item Args must match #! line
125 (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked
126 with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems
127 impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches;
128 for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>.
130 =item Arg too short for msgsnd
132 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
134 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element
136 (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array element, such as:
141 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
143 (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or array element,
149 or a hash or array slice, such as:
151 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
152 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
154 =item %s argument is not a subroutine name
156 (F) The argument to exists() for C<exists &sub> must be a subroutine
157 name, and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this
160 =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
162 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator
163 that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
164 will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
166 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
168 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
169 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
171 =item assertion botched: %s
173 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
175 =item Assertion failed: file "%s"
177 (P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
179 =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar
181 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments
182 must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
183 know which context to supply to the right side.
185 =item Attempt to bless into a reference
187 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be
188 the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've
189 supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
195 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
197 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version
198 of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for
201 bless $self, "$proto";
203 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
205 (P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas
206 that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be
207 outside any of those arenas.
209 =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
211 (P internal) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of
212 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
213 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count
214 of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
216 =item Attempt to free temp prematurely
218 (W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
219 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the
220 SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the
221 free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does
224 =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
226 (P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
228 =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
230 (W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to
231 see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0
232 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed.
233 This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or
234 that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was
235 mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been
238 =item Attempt to join self
240 (F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is an
241 impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or you may need
242 to move the join() to some other thread.
244 =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
246 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
247 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This
248 means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become
249 invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use
250 literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to
253 =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
255 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr()
256 used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to
257 dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>.
259 =item Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %d
261 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl()
262 or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively,
263 S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and
264 S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>.
266 =item Bad evalled substitution pattern
268 (F) You've used the /e switch to evaluate the replacement for a
269 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate,
270 most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
272 =item Bad filehandle: %s
274 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
275 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an
276 open(), or did it in another package.
278 =item Bad free() ignored
280 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never
281 been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by
282 setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 0.
284 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with "hard"
285 dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of C<Berkeley DB>
286 which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc().
290 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
292 =item Bad index while coercing array into hash
294 (F) The index looked up in the hash found as the 0'th element of a
295 pseudo-hash is not legal. Index values must be at 1 or greater.
298 =item Badly placed ()'s
300 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
301 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
304 =item Bad name after %s::
306 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then
307 didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside
316 $sym = "mypack::$var";
318 =item Bad realloc() ignored
320 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
321 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled
322 by setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
324 =item Bad symbol for array
326 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that
327 wasn't a symbol table entry.
329 =item Bad symbol for filehandle
331 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something
332 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
334 =item Bad symbol for hash
336 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
337 wasn't a symbol table entry.
339 =item Bareword found in conditional
341 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
342 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part
343 of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
347 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as
350 use constant TYPO => 1;
351 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
353 The C<strict> pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
355 =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
357 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
358 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
359 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
361 =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
363 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but the
364 compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps
365 you need to predeclare a package?
367 =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
369 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
370 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
373 =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
375 (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which
376 implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had already
377 occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}> could not
378 be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely
379 depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.
381 =item \1 better written as $1
383 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables.
384 The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a
385 substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form
386 because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if
387 there are more than 9 backreferences.
389 =item Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
391 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
392 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
393 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
395 =item bind() on closed socket %s
397 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to
398 check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>.
400 =item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
402 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
404 =item Bizarre copy of %s in %s
406 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
409 =item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script
411 (F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,
412 which provides a race condition that breaks security.
414 =item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
416 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to
417 iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition
418 which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown.
420 =item Callback called exit
422 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
423 exited by calling exit.
425 =item %s() called too early to check prototype
427 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the
428 parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check
429 that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an
430 early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the
431 subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype
432 checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the
433 function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid
434 the warning. See L<perlsub>.
436 =item / cannot take a count
438 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but
439 you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
442 =item Can't bless non-reference value
444 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces"
445 encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>.
447 =item Can't break at that line
449 (S internal) A warning intended to only be printed while running within
450 the debugger, indicating the line number specified wasn't the location
451 of a statement that could be stopped at.
453 =item Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
455 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
456 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined
457 in it, let alone methods. See L<perlobj>.
459 =item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
461 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
462 object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something
463 like this will reproduce the error:
466 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
467 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
469 =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
471 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It
472 ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you
473 didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an
474 object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>.
476 =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
478 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
479 object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a
480 defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name.
481 Something like this will reproduce the error:
484 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
485 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
487 =item Can't chdir to %s
489 (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory
490 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
492 =item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
494 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for
497 =item Can't coerce array into hash
499 (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no
500 information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that
501 only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.
503 =item Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
505 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
506 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't
516 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
518 =item Can't coerce %s to number in %s
520 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
521 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
523 =item Can't coerce %s to string in %s
525 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
526 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
528 =item Can't create pipe mailbox
530 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted
531 quotas or other plumbing problems.
533 =item Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s"
535 (S) Currently, only scalar variables can declared with a specific class
536 qualifier in a "my" or "our" declaration. The semantics may be extended
537 for other types of variables in future.
539 =item Can't declare %s in "%s"
541 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my" or
542 "our" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
544 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
546 (S inplace) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as
547 a file in /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.
549 =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
551 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
554 =item Can't do inplace edit without backup
556 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try
557 reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say
558 C<-i.bak>, or some such.
560 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
562 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14
563 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during
564 inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored.
566 =item Can't do {n,m} with n > m at <HERE< in regex m/%s/
568 (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want your
569 regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. The <HERE< shows in the
570 regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
572 =item Can't do setegid!
574 (P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of
577 =item Can't do seteuid!
579 (P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some reason.
581 =item Can't do setuid
583 (F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to exec suidperl to do
584 setuid emulation, but couldn't exec it. It looks for a name of the form
585 sperl5.000 in the same directory that the perl executable resides under
586 the name perl5.000, typically /usr/local/bin on Unix machines. If the
587 file is there, check the execute permissions. If it isn't, ask your
588 sysadmin why he and/or she removed it.
590 =item Can't do waitpid with flags
592 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
593 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
595 =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line
597 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
598 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #!
601 =item Can't exec "%s": %s
603 (W exec) An system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the
604 named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the
605 permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in
606 C<$ENV{PATH}>, the executable in question was compiled for another
607 architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that
608 can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support
613 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because
614 that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may
615 need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
617 =item Can't execute %s
619 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute
620 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
622 =item Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
624 (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but there
625 is no builtin with the name C<word>.
627 =item Can't find label %s
629 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's
630 possible for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
632 =item Can't find %s on PATH
634 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
637 =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
639 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
640 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The
641 script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
643 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
645 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means
646 that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count
647 nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis:
649 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
651 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have included
652 unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's
653 editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
657 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
660 =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
662 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference
663 between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes.
664 Under VMS, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in
665 the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into
666 account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all
667 the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to
668 the access checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using
669 the device name and FID present in the stat buffer, but this works only
670 if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine,
671 because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning
672 appears, the name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up
673 and returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access checking
674 routine knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you
675 shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises
676 only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.)
678 =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name
680 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
681 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
683 =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
685 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your
686 mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
688 =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
690 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach
691 loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
693 =item Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
695 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look like
696 a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if
697 you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no.
698 See L<perlfunc/goto>.
700 =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string
702 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
703 "string". (You can use it to jump out of an eval {BLOCK}, but you
704 probably don't want to.)
706 =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
708 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
709 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
710 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
711 routine anyway. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
713 =item Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
715 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
716 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
717 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child
718 processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This
719 situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl
720 may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
722 =item Can't "last" outside a loop block
724 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
725 except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current
726 block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish"
727 block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep(). You can
728 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the
729 inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See
732 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s
734 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
735 lexical variable using "my". This is not allowed. If you want to
736 localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the
739 =item Can't localize pseudo-hash element
741 (F) You said something like C<< local $ar->{'key'} >>, where $ar is a
742 reference to a pseudo-hash. That hasn't been implemented yet, but you
743 can get a similar effect by localizing the corresponding array element
744 directly -- C<< local $ar->[$ar->[0]{'key'}] >>.
746 =item Can't localize through a reference
748 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
749 handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref
750 pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure
751 that $ref will still be a reference.
753 =item Can't locate %s
755 (F) You said to C<do> (or C<require>, or C<use>) a file that couldn't be
756 found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in @INC,
757 unless the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you
758 need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where
759 the extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name
760 to @INC. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See
761 L<perlfunc/require> and L<lib>.
763 =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
765 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
766 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes
767 are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit>
768 the file, say, by doing C<make install>.
770 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
772 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
773 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
774 method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>.
776 =item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
778 (F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
779 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means
780 that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
782 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
784 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that
785 doesn't seem to exist.
787 =item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
789 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably
792 =item Can't modify %s in %s
794 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try
795 to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
797 =item Can't modify nonexistent substring
799 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed
802 =item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call
804 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as
805 such, see L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
807 =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var
809 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
812 =item Can't "next" outside a loop block
814 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
815 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
816 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or
817 grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
818 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops
819 once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
821 =item Can't open %s: %s
823 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >>
824 filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line
825 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this
826 is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named on
829 =item Can't open bidirectional pipe
831 (W pipe) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported.
832 You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such
833 as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using
834 ">", and then read it in under a different file handle.
836 =item Can't open error file %s as stderr
838 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
839 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on
840 the command line for writing.
842 =item Can't open input file %s as stdin
844 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
845 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
846 command line for reading.
848 =item Can't open output file %s as stdout
850 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
851 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on
852 the command line for writing.
854 =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
856 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
857 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined
860 =item Can't open perl script "%s": %s
862 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
864 =item Can't read CRTL environ
866 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV
867 from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was
868 missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ
869 or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not
872 =item Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s
874 (F) Perl optimizes the internal handling of sort subroutines and keeps
875 pointers into them. You tried to redefine one such sort subroutine when
876 it was currently active, which is not allowed. If you really want to do
877 this, you should write C<sort { &func } @x> instead of C<sort func @x>.
879 =item Can't "redo" outside a loop block
881 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
882 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
883 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map()
884 or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
885 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that
886 loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>.
888 =item Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
890 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
891 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with
892 the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
894 =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
896 (S inplace) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason,
897 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
899 =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
901 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried
902 to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
904 =item Can't resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
906 (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as opposed
907 to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the package. If
908 method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
910 =item Can't reswap uid and euid
912 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of
915 =item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
917 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
918 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This
921 =item Can't return outside a subroutine
923 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
924 there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>.
926 =item Can't stat script "%s"
928 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it
929 open already. Bizarre.
931 =item Can't swap uid and euid
933 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of
936 =item Can't take log of %g
938 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
939 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
940 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the
943 =item Can't take sqrt of %g
945 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
946 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard
947 with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
949 =item Can't undef active subroutine
951 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can,
952 however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the
953 redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure.
957 (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted, such
958 as the main Perl stack.
960 =item Can't upgrade that kind of scalar
962 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making it
963 into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are so
964 specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message
965 indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
967 =item Can't upgrade to undef
969 (P) The undefined SV is the bottom of the totem pole, in the scheme of
970 upgradability. Upgrading to undef indicates an error in the code
973 =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
975 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
976 be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
978 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
980 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
981 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
983 =item Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available
985 (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the
986 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
987 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
989 =item Can't use %s for loop variable
991 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a
994 =item Can't use global %s in "my"
996 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This
997 is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location
998 (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to
999 have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
1002 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1004 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
1005 You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator,
1006 and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
1007 Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
1010 =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1012 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
1013 reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1014 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1016 =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1018 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1019 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1021 =item Can't use subscript on %s
1023 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1024 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1025 didn't look like an array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
1027 =item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1029 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that
1030 creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a
1031 backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular
1032 expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a
1033 value that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form
1036 =item Can't weaken a nonreference
1038 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only
1039 references can be weakened.
1041 =item Can't x= to read-only value
1043 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value)
1044 with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
1045 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
1047 =item chmod() mode argument is missing initial 0
1049 (W chmod) A novice will sometimes say
1051 chmod 777, $filename
1053 not realizing that 777 will be interpreted as a decimal number,
1054 equivalent to 01411. Octal constants are introduced with a leading 0 in
1057 =item close() on unopened filehandle %s
1059 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1061 =item %s: Command not found
1063 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1064 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1066 =item Compilation failed in require
1068 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement.
1069 Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it
1070 encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately.
1072 =item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1074 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1075 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited
1076 to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow
1077 arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without
1078 recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string
1079 under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather than
1080 in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so
1081 that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlfaq2> for information
1082 on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.)
1084 =item connect() on closed socket %s
1086 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget
1087 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1088 L<perlfunc/connect>.
1090 =item constant(%s): %s
1092 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to define
1093 an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character name
1094 specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you forgot to load the
1095 corresponding C<overload> or C<charnames> pragma? See L<charnames> and
1098 =item Constant is not %s reference
1100 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the C<use constant> pragma)
1101 is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference.
1102 The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This
1103 usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value.
1104 See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> and L<constant>.
1106 =item Constant subroutine %s redefined
1108 (S|W redefine) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been
1109 eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for
1110 commentary and workarounds.
1112 =item Constant subroutine %s undefined
1114 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible
1115 for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
1118 =item Copy method did not return a reference
1120 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See L<overload/Copy
1123 =item CORE::%s is not a keyword
1125 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1127 =item corrupted regexp pointers
1129 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1130 expression compiler gave it.
1132 =item corrupted regexp program
1134 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a
1137 =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
1139 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
1141 =item C<-p> destination: %s
1143 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
1144 command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
1145 redirected it with select().)
1147 =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
1149 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
1150 know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
1152 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1154 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly)
1155 100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an
1156 infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in
1157 which case it indicates something else.
1159 =item defined(@array) is deprecated
1161 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it
1162 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the
1163 array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example.
1165 =item defined(%hash) is deprecated
1167 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it
1168 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the hash
1169 is empty, just use C<if (%hash) { # not empty }> for example.
1171 =item Delimiter for here document is too long
1173 (F) In a here document construct like C<<<FOO>, the label C<FOO> is too
1174 long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code
1175 that triggers this error.
1177 =item Did not produce a valid header
1181 =item %s did not return a true value
1183 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
1184 it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
1185 traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would
1186 do. See L<perlfunc/require>.
1188 =item (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1190 (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some
1193 =item (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1195 (W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global
1196 variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which
1199 =item (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1201 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1202 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got
1207 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or
1208 you called it with no args and both C<$@> and C<$_> were empty.
1210 =item Document contains no data
1214 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
1216 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1218 =item do_study: out of memory
1220 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1222 =item (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1224 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
1225 found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
1226 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be
1227 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
1228 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're referencing
1229 something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the
1230 subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty
1231 "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1233 =item Duplicate free() ignored
1235 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1238 =item elseif should be elsif
1240 (S) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's ugly.
1241 Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named
1242 "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is
1243 unlikely to be what you want.
1245 =item entering effective %s failed
1247 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
1248 effective uids or gids failed.
1250 =item Error converting file specification %s
1252 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file
1253 specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a
1254 single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed
1255 an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the
1256 conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1258 =item %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1260 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1261 expression that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which
1262 is unsafe. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>.
1264 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time
1266 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the
1267 C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1268 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, it
1269 is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly
1270 building the pattern from an interpolated string at run time and using
1271 that in an eval(). See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1273 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
1275 (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width
1276 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'>
1277 pragma is in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1279 =item Excessively long <> operator
1281 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a
1282 Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
1283 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a
1284 variable and glob that.
1286 =item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors
1288 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
1290 =item Exiting eval via %s
1292 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a
1293 goto, or a loop control statement.
1295 =item Exiting format via %s
1297 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a
1298 goto, or a loop control statement.
1300 =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s
1302 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a
1303 sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a
1304 loop control statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
1306 =item Exiting subroutine via %s
1308 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such
1309 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
1311 =item Exiting substitution via %s
1313 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such
1314 as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
1316 =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
1318 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has
1319 the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is
1320 usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package,
1321 e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
1323 =item %s: Expression syntax
1325 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1326 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1328 =item %s failed--call queue aborted
1330 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a CHECK, INIT, or
1331 END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the queue of such
1332 routines has been prematurely ended.
1334 =item false [] range "%s" in regexp
1336 (W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a literal
1337 character, not another character class like C<\d> or C<[:alpha:]>. The
1338 "-" in your false range is interpreted as a literal "-". Consider
1339 quoting the "-", "\-". See L<perlre>.
1341 =item Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
1343 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
1344 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more
1345 details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell
1346 you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
1348 =item fcntl is not implemented
1350 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a
1351 PDP-11 or something?
1353 =item Filehandle %s opened only for input
1355 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended it
1356 to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or "+>"
1357 or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to write
1358 the file, use ">" or ">>". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1360 =item Filehandle %s opened only for output
1362 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing. If
1363 you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it
1364 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
1365 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1367 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name
1369 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be
1370 a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
1371 happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the
1374 =item Final @ should be \@ or @name
1376 (F) You must now decide whether the final @ in a string was meant to be
1377 a literal "at" sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
1378 happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the
1381 =item flock() on closed filehandle %s
1383 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed
1384 some time before now. Check your logic flow. flock() operates on
1385 filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the
1388 =item Quantifier follows nothing at <HERE< in regex m/%s/
1390 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you
1391 meant it literally. The <HERE< shows in the regular expression about where the
1392 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
1394 =item Format not terminated
1396 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
1397 to the end of your file without finding such a line.
1399 =item Format %s redefined
1401 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
1405 eval "format NAME =...";
1408 =item Found = in conditional, should be ==
1418 (or something like that).
1420 =item %s found where operator expected
1422 (S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator. If it
1423 sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an
1424 operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an
1425 operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
1427 =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
1429 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
1431 =item gethostent not implemented
1433 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably
1434 because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname
1437 =item get%sname() on closed socket %s
1439 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed
1440 socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
1442 =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
1444 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the
1445 C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC.
1447 =item getsockopt() on closed socket %s
1449 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
1450 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1451 L<perlfunc/getsockopt>.
1453 =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
1455 (F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates that all variables
1456 must either be lexically scoped (using "my"), declared beforehand using
1457 "our", or explicitly qualified to say which package the global variable
1460 =item glob failed (%s)
1462 (W glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
1463 C<glob> and C<< <*.c> >>. Usually, this means that you supplied a
1464 C<glob> pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
1465 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
1466 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell) is
1467 broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables in
1468 config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it
1469 were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them all
1470 empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will
1471 think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run
1472 C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl.
1474 =item Glob not terminated
1476 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
1477 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
1478 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
1479 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
1481 =item Got an error from DosAllocMem
1483 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete
1484 version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
1486 =item goto must have label
1488 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
1489 unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
1491 =item %s had compilation errors
1493 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails.
1495 =item Had to create %s unexpectedly
1497 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought
1498 to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be
1499 created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
1501 =item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
1503 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some
1504 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
1506 =item %s has too many errors
1508 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
1509 Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
1511 =item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
1513 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
1514 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
1515 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
1517 =item Identifier too long
1519 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to
1520 about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound
1521 names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions
1522 of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.
1524 =item Illegal binary digit %s
1526 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
1528 =item Illegal binary digit %s ignored
1530 (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
1531 binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the
1534 =item Illegal character %s (carriage return)
1536 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
1537 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this error
1538 when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason, your
1539 version of Perl appears to have been built without this support. Talk
1540 to your Perl administrator.
1542 =item Illegal division by zero
1544 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in
1545 your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
1548 =item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
1550 (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or
1551 A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal
1552 number stopped before the illegal character.
1554 =item Illegal modulus zero
1556 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
1557 numbers don't take to this kindly.
1559 =item Illegal number of bits in vec
1561 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of
1562 two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
1564 =item Illegal octal digit %s
1566 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in a octal number.
1568 =item Illegal octal digit %s ignored
1570 (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in a octal number.
1571 Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
1573 =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s
1575 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
1576 following switches: B<-[DIMUdmw]>.
1578 =item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
1580 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's
1581 internal environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=>
1582 delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored.
1584 =item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
1586 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical
1587 name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and
1588 didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was
1591 =item (in cleanup) %s
1593 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised
1594 the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the
1595 system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of
1596 times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that
1597 would otherwise result in the same message being repeated.
1599 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag could
1600 also result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>.
1602 =item Insecure dependency in %s
1604 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like.
1605 The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or
1606 setgid, or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The
1607 tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly
1608 from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any
1609 such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See
1610 L<perlsec> for more information.
1612 =item Insecure directory in %s
1614 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
1615 setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by
1616 the world. See L<perlsec>.
1618 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
1620 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
1621 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>,
1622 C<$ENV{ENV}> or C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> are derived from data supplied (or
1623 potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set the path to a
1624 known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>.
1626 =item Integer overflow in %s number
1628 (W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified
1629 either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for
1630 your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number.
1631 On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number
1632 representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or
1633 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl
1634 transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation
1635 internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent
1638 =item Internal disaster at <HERE< in regex m/%s/
1640 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
1641 The <HERE< shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
1645 =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
1647 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of times
1648 you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine whether the current call
1649 to C<exec> should affect the current script or a subprocess (see
1650 L<perlvms/"exec LIST">). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so
1651 Perl is making a guess and treating this C<exec> as a request to
1652 terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command.
1654 =item Internal urp at <HERE< in regex m/%s/
1656 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The <HERE<
1657 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
1660 =item %s (...) interpreted as function
1662 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator
1663 followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list
1664 operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See L<perlop/Terms
1665 and List Operators (Leftward)>.
1667 =item Invalid %s attribute: %s
1669 The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized
1670 by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
1672 =item Invalid %s attributes: %s
1674 The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
1675 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
1677 =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
1679 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See
1680 L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
1682 =item invalid [] range "%s" in regexp
1684 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
1685 greater than the maximum character. See L<perlre>.
1687 =item invalid [] range "%s" in transliteration operator
1689 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
1690 character greater than the maximum character. See L<perlop>.
1692 =item Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
1694 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
1695 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
1696 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
1699 =item Invalid type in pack: '%s'
1701 (F) The given character is not a valid pack type. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1702 (W pack) The given character is not a valid pack type but used to be
1705 =item Invalid type in unpack: '%s'
1707 (F) The given character is not a valid unpack type. See
1709 (W unpack) The given character is not a valid unpack type but used to be
1712 =item ioctl is not implemented
1714 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty
1715 strange for a machine that supports C.
1717 =item junk on end of regexp
1719 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
1721 =item Label not found for "last %s"
1723 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop
1724 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1727 =item Label not found for "next %s"
1729 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of
1730 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1733 =item Label not found for "redo %s"
1735 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of
1736 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1739 =item leaving effective %s failed
1741 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
1742 effective uids or gids failed.
1744 =item listen() on closed socket %s
1746 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget
1747 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1750 =item lstat() on filehandle %s
1752 (W io) You tried to do a lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
1753 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat()
1754 instead on the filehandle.)
1756 =item Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet
1758 (F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array and hash
1759 values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context. See
1760 L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
1762 =item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented at <HERE< in reges m/%s/
1764 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can
1765 handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release. The <HERE< shows in
1766 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
1768 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
1770 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form
1778 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix of
1779 a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may
1780 appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
1781 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in L<perlos2>.
1783 =item Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
1785 Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while
1786 doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
1788 =item %s matches null string many times
1790 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
1791 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. See
1794 =item % may only be used in unpack
1796 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
1797 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way.
1798 See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
1800 =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
1802 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
1803 doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
1805 =item Method %s not permitted
1809 =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
1811 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused
1812 by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually
1813 ended earlier on the current line.
1815 =item Misplaced _ in number
1817 (W syntax) An underline in a decimal constant wasn't on a 3-digit boundary.
1819 =item Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}
1821 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within
1822 double-quotish context.
1824 =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function
1826 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
1827 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
1829 =item Missing command in piped open
1831 (W pipe) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or
1832 C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or
1835 =item Missing name in "my sub"
1837 (F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that
1838 they have a name with which they can be found.
1840 =item Missing $ on loop variable
1842 (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables
1843 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it
1844 can vary from one line to the next.
1846 =item (Missing operator before %s?)
1848 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
1849 found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
1851 =item Missing right curly or square bracket
1853 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing
1854 ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you
1857 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
1859 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
1860 found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
1861 the previous line just because you saw this message.
1863 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted
1865 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
1866 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
1867 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
1869 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
1872 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string.
1874 =item Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
1876 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
1877 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array
1880 =item Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
1882 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
1883 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
1885 =item Module name must be constant
1887 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use".
1889 =item Module name required with -%c option
1891 (F) The C<-M> or C<-m> options say that Perl should load some module, but
1892 you omitted the name of the module. Consult L<perlrun> for full details
1893 about C<-M> and C<-m>.
1895 =item msg%s not implemented
1897 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
1899 =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
1901 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>.
1902 They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
1904 =item / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*
1906 (F) You had a pack template indicating a counted-length string,
1907 Currently the only things that can have their length counted are a*, A*
1908 or Z*. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1910 =item / must be followed by a, A or Z
1912 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, which
1913 must be followed by one of the letters a, A or Z to indicate what sort
1914 of string is to be unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1916 =item / must follow a numeric type
1918 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '#', but this did not
1919 follow some numeric unpack specification. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1921 =item "my sub" not yet implemented
1923 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try
1926 =item "my" variable %s can't be in a package
1928 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make
1929 sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use
1930 local() if you want to localize a package variable.
1932 =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
1934 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
1935 If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention it
1936 again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> declaration is
1937 provided for this purpose.
1939 =item Negative length
1941 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
1942 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
1944 =item Nested quantifiers at <HERE< in regex m/%s/
1946 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. So
1947 things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The <HERE< shows in the regular
1948 expression about where the problem was discovered.
1950 Note, however, that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and
1951 C<??> appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>.
1954 =item %s never introduced
1956 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of
1957 scope before it could possibly have been used.
1959 =item No %s allowed while running setuid
1961 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or
1962 setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there
1963 will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
1964 securable. See L<perlsec>.
1966 =item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
1968 (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
1970 =item No comma allowed after %s
1972 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not
1973 allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments.
1974 Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
1976 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
1977 constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such
1978 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating system
1979 does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an
1980 explicit import list for the constants you expect to see, please see
1981 L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an explicit import list
1982 would probably have caught this error earlier it naturally does not
1983 remedy the fact that your operating system still does not support that
1984 constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the symbol import
1985 list of B<use> or B<import> or in the constant name at the line where
1986 this error was triggered?
1988 =item No command into which to pipe on command line
1990 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
1991 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
1992 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
1994 =item No DB::DB routine defined
1996 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
1997 for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof) didn't
1998 define a routine to be called at the beginning of each statement. Which
1999 is odd, because the file should have been required automatically, and
2000 should have blown up the require if it didn't parse right.
2002 =item No dbm on this machine
2004 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should
2005 supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>.
2007 =item No DBsub routine
2009 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch,
2010 but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof)
2011 didn't define a DB::sub routine to be called at the beginning of each
2012 ordinary subroutine call.
2014 =item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
2016 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2017 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't
2018 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
2020 =item No input file after < on command line
2022 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2023 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the
2024 name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
2028 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2029 even on machines that don't support the #! construct.
2031 =item "no" not allowed in expression
2033 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
2034 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
2036 =item No output file after > on command line
2038 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2039 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it
2040 doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
2042 =item No output file after > or >> on command line
2044 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2045 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't
2046 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.
2048 =item No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
2050 (F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our"
2051 declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing
2052 semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
2054 =item No Perl script found in input
2056 (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning
2057 with #! and containing the word "perl".
2059 =item No setregid available
2061 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for
2064 =item No setreuid available
2066 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
2069 =item No space allowed after -%c
2071 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
2072 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
2074 =item No %s specified for -%c
2076 (F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but
2077 you haven't specified one.
2079 =item No such pipe open
2081 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to
2082 close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught
2083 earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
2085 =item No such pseudo-hash field "%s"
2087 (F) You tried to access an array as a hash, but the field name used is
2088 not defined. The hash at index 0 should map all valid field names to
2089 array indices for that to work.
2091 =item No such pseudo-hash field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
2093 (F) You tried to access a field of a typed variable where the type does
2094 not know about the field name. The field names are looked up in the
2095 %FIELDS hash in the type package at compile time. The %FIELDS hash is
2096 %usually set up with the 'fields' pragma.
2098 =item No such signal: SIG%s
2100 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was
2101 not recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal
2102 names on your system.
2104 =item Not a CODE reference
2106 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2107 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2108 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2111 =item Not a format reference
2113 (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous
2114 format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist.
2116 =item Not a GLOB reference
2118 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is, a
2119 symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to
2120 something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out what
2121 kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2123 =item Not a HASH reference
2125 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a
2126 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function to
2127 find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2129 =item Not an ARRAY reference
2131 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found
2132 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2133 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2135 =item Not a perl script
2137 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2138 even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The line must
2141 =item Not a SCALAR reference
2143 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found
2144 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2145 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2147 =item Not a subroutine reference
2149 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2150 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2151 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2154 =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table
2156 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2157 doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2159 =item Not enough arguments for %s
2161 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
2163 =item Not enough format arguments
2165 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line
2166 supplied. See L<perlform>.
2170 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
2171 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2174 =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
2176 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
2177 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent
2178 to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
2179 F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which
2180 need to be added to UTC to get local time.
2182 =item Null filename used
2184 (F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many
2185 machines that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
2187 =item NULL OP IN RUN
2189 (P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
2192 =item Null picture in formline
2194 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
2195 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
2196 supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>.
2200 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
2202 =item NULL regexp argument
2204 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
2206 =item NULL regexp parameter
2208 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
2210 =item Number too long
2212 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to
2213 about about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
2214 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In
2215 the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of
2218 =item Octal number in vector unsupported
2220 (F) Numbers with a leading C<0> are not currently allowed in vectors.
2221 The octal number interpretation of such numbers may be supported in a
2224 =item Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
2226 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
2227 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
2228 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
2230 See also L<perlport> for writing portable code.
2232 =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment
2234 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
2235 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2237 =item Offset outside string
2239 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with an offset
2240 pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to imagine. The sole
2241 exception to this is that C<sysread()>ing past the buffer will extend
2242 the buffer and zero pad the new area.
2244 =item -%s on unopened filehandle %s
2246 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle
2247 that isn't open. Check your logic. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
2249 =item %s() on unopened %s %s
2251 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was
2252 never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket()
2253 call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
2257 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2261 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2263 =item Operation `%s': no method found, %s
2265 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no
2266 handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms
2267 of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless
2268 C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be true. See L<overload>.
2270 =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s
2272 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser
2273 was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to
2274 use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For
2275 example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you said
2278 =item "our" variable %s redeclared
2280 (W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before
2281 in the current lexical scope.
2283 =item Out of memory!
2285 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
2286 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has
2287 no option but to exit immediately.
2289 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
2291 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
2292 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
2293 the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a
2294 possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
2296 =item Out of memory during request for %s
2298 (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
2299 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
2302 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
2303 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable.
2304 However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as an
2305 emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the error
2306 is trappable I<once>.
2308 =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request
2310 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error
2311 is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g.,
2312 C<$arr[time]> instead of C<$arr[$time]>.
2314 =item Out of memory for yacc stack
2316 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
2317 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
2320 =item @ outside of string
2322 (F) You had a pack template that specified an absolute position outside
2323 the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2325 =item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
2327 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
2328 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself
2329 some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a
2330 mixed-case attribute name, instead. See L<attributes>.
2334 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a
2335 page. See L<perlform>.
2339 (P) An internal error.
2341 =item panic: ck_grep
2343 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
2345 =item panic: ck_split
2347 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.
2349 =item panic: corrupt saved stack index
2351 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than
2352 there are in the savestack.
2354 =item panic: del_backref
2356 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak
2361 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
2362 it wasn't an eval context.
2364 =item panic: do_match
2366 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational
2369 =item panic: do_split
2371 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
2373 =item panic: do_subst
2375 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational
2378 =item panic: do_trans
2380 (P) The internal do_trans() routine was called with invalid operational
2385 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible.
2389 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label,
2390 and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in.
2392 =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD
2394 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
2396 =item panic: INTERPCONCAT
2398 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
2400 =item panic: kid popen errno read
2402 (F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno.
2406 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered
2407 it wasn't a block context.
2409 =item panic: leave_scope clearsv
2411 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
2414 =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency
2416 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
2417 invalid enum on the top of it.
2419 =item panic: magic_killbackrefs
2421 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak
2422 references to an object.
2426 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
2428 =item panic: mapstart
2430 (P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the map() function.
2432 =item panic: null array
2434 (P) One of the internal array routines was passed a null AV pointer.
2436 =item panic: pad_alloc
2438 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2439 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2441 =item panic: pad_free curpad
2443 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2444 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2446 =item panic: pad_free po
2448 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2450 =item panic: pad_reset curpad
2452 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2453 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2455 =item panic: pad_sv po
2457 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2459 =item panic: pad_swipe curpad
2461 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2462 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2464 =item panic: pad_swipe po
2466 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2468 =item panic: pp_iter
2470 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
2472 =item panic: realloc
2474 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
2476 =item panic: restartop
2478 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and
2479 didn't supply the destination.
2483 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and
2484 then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
2486 =item panic: scan_num
2488 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
2490 =item panic: sv_insert
2492 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there
2495 =item panic: top_env
2497 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
2501 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
2503 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
2505 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
2506 to even) byte length.
2508 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
2510 (W parenthesis) You said something like
2516 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
2518 Remember that "my", "our", and "local" bind tighter than comma.
2520 =item Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped
2522 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
2523 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since
2524 you upgraded, anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>.
2526 =item PERL_SH_DIR too long
2528 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
2529 C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>.
2531 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2533 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
2535 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2536 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
2539 are supported and installed on your system.
2540 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
2542 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
2543 settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value.
2544 This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your system
2545 administrator have set up the so-called variable system but Perl could
2546 not use those settings. This was not dead serious, fortunately: there
2547 is a "default locale" called "C" that Perl can and will use, the script
2548 will be run. Before you really fix the problem, however, you will get
2549 the same error message each time you run Perl. How to really fix the
2550 problem can be found in L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
2552 =item Permission denied
2554 (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.
2556 =item pid %x not a child
2558 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a
2559 process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is
2560 fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
2562 =item POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes
2564 (W unsafe) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go
2565 I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for
2566 example: /[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not
2567 currently implemented; they are simply placeholders for future
2568 extensions and will cause fatal errors.
2570 =item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions
2572 (F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
2573 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future
2574 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences inside
2575 a regular expression character class, just quote the square brackets
2576 with the backslash: "\[." and ".\]".
2578 =item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions
2580 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
2581 beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future
2582 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences inside
2583 a regular expression character class, just quote the square brackets
2584 with the backslash: "\[=" and "=\]".
2586 =item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown
2588 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. See
2591 =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
2593 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
2594 the BSD version, which takes a pid.
2596 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
2598 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
2599 strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as
2600 literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the
2601 parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
2603 You probably wrote something like this:
2610 when you should have written this:
2617 If you really want comments, build your list the
2618 old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas:
2622 'b', # another comment
2625 =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas
2627 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
2628 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
2629 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
2632 You probably wrote something like this:
2636 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without
2637 commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
2641 =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
2643 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for.
2644 Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the
2645 end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
2646 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
2648 =item Possible Y2K bug: %s
2650 (W y2k) You are concatenating the number 19 with another number, which
2651 could be a potential Year 2000 problem.
2653 =item pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead
2655 (W deprecated) You have written something like this:
2659 use attrs qw(locked);
2662 You should use the new declaration syntax instead.
2668 The C<use attrs> pragma is now obsolete, and is only provided for
2669 backward-compatibility. See L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes">.
2671 =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
2673 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
2677 is now misinterpreted as
2681 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and
2682 list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put
2683 parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead
2686 =item Premature end of script headers
2690 =item printf() on closed filehandle %s
2692 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
2693 before now. Check your logic flow.
2695 =item print() on closed filehandle %s
2697 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime
2698 before now. Check your logic flow.
2700 =item Process terminated by SIG%s
2702 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix
2703 applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2
2704 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
2705 L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT"
2708 =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
2710 (S unsafe) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been
2711 declared or defined with a different function prototype.
2713 =item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d at <HERE< in regex m/%s/
2715 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of the
2716 {min,max} construct. The <HERE< shows in the regular expression about where
2717 the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
2719 =item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression at <HERE< in regex m/%s/
2721 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where
2722 it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the
2723 quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match
2724 "abc" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is
2725 C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>.
2727 =item Range iterator outside integer range
2729 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".."
2730 are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally.
2731 One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment
2732 by prepending "0" to your numbers.
2734 =item readline() on closed filehandle %s
2736 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
2737 before now. Check your logic flow.
2739 =item Reallocation too large: %lx
2741 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
2743 =item realloc() of freed memory ignored
2745 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
2748 =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch
2750 (F debugging) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce
2751 the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
2752 which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
2754 =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
2756 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were used. Probably indicates
2757 an unintended loop in your inheritance hierarchy.
2759 =item Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method %s
2761 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while invoking
2762 a method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance
2765 =item Reference found where even-sized list expected
2767 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list
2768 with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This usually
2769 means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant to use
2770 parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>.
2772 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
2773 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
2774 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
2775 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
2777 =item Reference is already weak
2779 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak.
2780 Doing so has no effect.
2782 =item Reference miscount in sv_replace()
2784 (W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with
2785 a reference count of other than 1.
2787 =item Reference to nonexistant group at <HERE< in regex m/%s/
2789 (F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are
2790 not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If you
2791 wanted to have the character with value 7 inserted into the regular expression,
2792 prepend a zero to make the number at least two digits: C<\07>
2794 The <HERE< shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
2797 =item regexp memory corruption
2799 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
2800 expression compiler gave it.
2802 =item Regexp out of space
2804 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it
2807 =item Repeat count in pack overflows
2809 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
2810 signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2812 =item Repeat count in unpack overflows
2814 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
2815 signed integers. See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
2817 =item Reversed %s= operator
2819 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must
2820 always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.
2822 =item Runaway format
2824 (F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence, but it
2825 produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly like the
2826 199th line. Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to exhaust
2827 themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by
2828 shifting or popping (for array variables). See L<perlform>.
2830 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
2832 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
2833 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar
2834 value (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always
2835 behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
2836 argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
2837 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
2838 if you're expecting only one subscript.
2840 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
2841 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
2842 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
2845 =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
2847 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single
2848 element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value
2849 (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves
2850 like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
2851 argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
2852 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
2853 if you're expecting only one subscript.
2855 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element
2856 as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will
2857 not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
2860 =item Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
2862 (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a setuid
2863 or setgid bit set. This doesn't make much sense.
2865 =item Search pattern not terminated
2867 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
2868 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
2869 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error.
2871 =item %sseek() on unopened filehandle
2873 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
2874 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
2876 =item select not implemented
2878 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
2880 =item Semicolon seems to be missing
2882 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing
2883 semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
2885 =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
2887 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a
2888 scalar that had previously been marked as free.
2890 =item sem%s not implemented
2892 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
2894 =item send() on closed socket %s
2896 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
2897 before now. Check your logic flow.
2899 =item Sequence (? incomplete at <HERE< mark in regex m/%s/
2901 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The <HERE<
2902 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
2905 =item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex m/%s/
2907 (F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance
2908 for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. See L<perlre>.
2910 =item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented at <HERE< mark in regex m/%s/
2912 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved but
2913 has not yet been written. The <HERE< shows in the regular expression about
2914 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
2916 =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized at <HERE< mark in regex m/%s/
2918 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense.
2919 The <HERE< shows in the regular expression about
2920 where the problem was discovered.
2923 =item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex m/%s/
2925 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
2926 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See L<perlre>.
2928 =item 500 Server error
2934 This is the error message generally seen in a browser window when trying
2935 to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The actual error text
2936 varies widely from server to server. The most frequently-seen variants
2937 are "500 Server error", "Method (something) not permitted", "Document
2938 contains no data", "Premature end of script headers", and "Did not
2939 produce a valid header".
2941 B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>.
2943 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by the
2944 user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the user
2945 account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment variables
2946 (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in a
2947 location where the CGI server can't find it, basically, more or less.
2948 Please see the following for more information:
2950 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/doc/FAQs/cgi/idiots-guide.html
2951 http://www.perl.com/CPAN/doc/FAQs/cgi/perl-cgi-faq.html
2952 ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/www/cgi-faq
2953 http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/interface.html
2954 http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/WWW/faqs/www-security-faq.html
2956 You should also look at L<perlfaq9>.
2958 =item setegid() not implemented
2960 (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't
2961 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
2964 =item seteuid() not implemented
2966 (F) You tried to assign to C<< $> >>, and your operating system doesn't
2967 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
2970 =item setpgrp can't take arguments
2972 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
2973 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process
2976 =item setrgid() not implemented
2978 (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't
2979 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
2982 =item setruid() not implemented
2984 (F) You tried to assign to C<$<>, and your operating system doesn't
2985 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
2988 =item setsockopt() on closed socket %s
2990 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
2991 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
2992 L<perlfunc/setsockopt>.
2994 =item Setuid/gid script is writable by world
2996 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the
2997 world, because the world might have written on it already.
2999 =item shm%s not implemented
3001 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
3003 =item <> should be quotes
3005 (F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written
3008 =item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
3010 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string,
3011 as in the first argument to C<join>. Perl will treat the true or false
3012 result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string, which is
3013 probably not what you had in mind.
3015 =item shutdown() on closed socket %s
3017 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit
3020 =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
3022 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist.
3023 Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
3025 =item sort is now a reserved word
3027 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.
3028 But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle.
3030 =item Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
3032 (F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You probably blew
3033 it by not using C<< <=> >> or C<cmp>, or by not using them correctly.
3034 See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3036 =item Sort subroutine didn't return single value
3038 (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more
3039 or less than one element. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3043 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't
3044 iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what
3045 happened.) See L<perlfunc/split>.
3047 =item Statement unlikely to be reached
3049 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a
3050 die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns
3051 unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system()
3052 instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in
3055 =item stat() on unopened filehandle %s
3057 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that
3058 was either never opened or has since been closed.
3060 =item Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading %s
3062 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation
3063 stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to
3064 C<can> may break this.
3066 =item Subroutine %s redefined
3068 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
3072 eval "sub name { ... }";
3075 =item Substitution loop
3077 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution
3078 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which
3079 is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in
3080 L<perlop/"Quote and Quote-like Operators">.
3082 =item Substitution pattern not terminated
3084 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a s/// or s{}{}
3085 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3086 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
3088 =item Substitution replacement not terminated
3090 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a s/// or s{}{}
3091 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3092 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
3094 =item substr outside of string
3096 (W substr),(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of
3097 a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the
3098 length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is fatal if
3099 substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an
3100 assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
3102 =item suidperl is no longer needed since %s
3104 (F) Your Perl was compiled with B<-D>SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but
3105 a version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.
3107 =item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches at <HERE< in regex m/%s/
3109 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most two
3110 branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or both to
3111 contain alternation, such as using C<this|that|other>, enclose it in
3112 clustering parentheses:
3114 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
3116 The <HERE< shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3117 discovered. See L<perlre>.
3119 =item Switch condition not recognized at <HERE< in regex m/%s/
3121 (F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct is a
3122 number, it can be only a number. The <HERE< shows in the regular expression
3123 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3125 =item switching effective %s is not implemented
3127 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real
3128 and effective uids or gids.
3132 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
3134 A keyword is misspelled.
3135 A semicolon is missing.
3137 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
3138 An opening or closing brace is missing.
3139 A closing quote is missing.
3141 Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax
3142 error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.)
3143 The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when
3144 it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens
3145 before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input.
3146 Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon
3147 the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call
3148 C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see
3149 if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20
3152 =item syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
3154 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
3155 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
3160 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
3162 =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine
3164 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
3165 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
3166 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
3167 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
3169 =item syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
3171 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
3172 before now. Check your logic flow.
3174 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested
3176 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested
3177 for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
3179 =item tell() on unopened filehandle
3181 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that
3182 was either never opened or has since been closed.
3184 =item That use of $[ is unsupported
3186 (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted
3187 as a compiler directive. You may say only one of
3196 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out
3197 from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>.
3199 =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
3201 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
3202 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they
3203 think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they
3204 will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I
3207 =item The %s function is unimplemented
3209 The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according
3210 to the probings of Configure.
3212 =item The stat preceding C<-l _> wasn't an lstat
3214 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
3215 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went
3216 past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename
3219 =item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
3221 =item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
3223 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an
3224 element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl
3225 wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll
3226 need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine
3227 F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that the environ array isn't the
3228 target of the change to
3229 %ENV which produced the warning.
3231 =item times not implemented
3233 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
3234 suspect you're not running on Unix.
3236 =item Too few args to syscall
3238 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
3239 system call to call, silly dilly.
3241 =item Too late for "B<-T>" option
3243 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
3244 B<-T> option, but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.
3245 This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a
3246 script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment.
3249 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
3250 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed by
3251 editing the #! line so that the B<-T> option is a part of Perl's first
3252 argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -T> to C<perl -T -n>.
3254 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
3255 B<-T> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -T scriptname>.
3257 =item Too late for "-%s" option
3259 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
3260 B<-M> or B<-m> option. This is an error because B<-M> and B<-m> options
3261 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead.
3263 =item Too late to run %s block
3265 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper,
3266 when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are
3267 loading a file with C<require> or C<do> when you should be using C<use>
3268 instead. Or perhaps you should put the C<require> or C<do> inside a
3271 =item Too many args to syscall
3273 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
3275 =item Too many arguments for %s
3277 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
3281 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
3282 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
3286 =item trailing \ in regexp
3288 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
3289 Backslash it. See L<perlre>.
3291 =item Transliteration pattern not terminated
3293 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
3294 or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables
3295 C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error.
3297 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated
3299 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
3302 =item truncate not implemented
3304 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
3305 Configure knows about.
3307 =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
3309 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
3310 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be
3311 %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
3312 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>.
3314 =item umask: argument is missing initial 0
3316 (W umask) A umask of 222 is incorrect. It should be 0222, because octal
3317 literals always start with 0 in Perl, as in C.
3319 =item umask not implemented
3321 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to
3322 use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
3324 =item Unable to create sub named "%s"
3326 (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name.
3328 =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
3330 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
3331 many execution contexts were entered and left.
3333 =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
3335 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
3336 many values were temporarily localized.
3338 =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
3340 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
3341 many blocks were entered and left.
3343 =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
3345 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
3346 many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
3348 =item Undefined format "%s" called
3350 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
3351 another package? See L<perlform>.
3353 =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
3355 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
3356 Perhaps it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3358 =item Undefined subroutine &%s called
3360 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
3361 since been undefined.
3363 =item Undefined subroutine called
3365 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined,
3366 or if it was, it has since been undefined.
3368 =item Undefined subroutine in sort
3370 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem
3371 to have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3373 =item Undefined top format "%s" called
3375 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
3376 another package? See L<perlform>.
3378 =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob
3380 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la
3381 C<*foo = undef>. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
3384 =item %s: Undefined variable
3386 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
3387 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
3389 =item unexec of %s into %s failed!
3391 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF
3392 representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
3395 =item Unknown BYTEORDER
3397 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte
3400 =item Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s at <HERE< in regex m/%s/
3402 (F) The condition of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct is not
3403 known. The condition may be lookaround (the condition is true if the
3404 lookaround is true), a (?{...}) construct (the condition is true if the
3405 code evaluates to a true value), or a number (the condition is true if the
3406 set of capturing parentheses named by the number is defined).
3408 The <HERE< shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3409 discovered. See L<perlre>.
3411 =item Unknown open() mode '%s'
3413 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
3414 of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>,
3415 C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->.
3417 =item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
3419 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before
3420 iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of
3421 data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
3422 subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
3424 =item unmatched [ at <HERE< mark in regex m/%s/
3426 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
3427 include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it
3428 first. See L<perlre>. The <HERE< shows in the regular expression about
3429 where the escape was discovered.
3431 =item unmatched ( in regexp at <HERE< mark in regex m/%s/
3433 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
3434 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding the
3435 matching parenthesis. See L<perlre>.
3437 =item Unmatched right %s bracket
3439 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening
3440 ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a
3441 general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place
3442 you were last editing.
3444 =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
3446 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
3447 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it
3448 somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a
3451 =item Unrecognized character %s
3453 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character
3454 in your Perl script (or eval). Perhaps you tried to run a compressed
3455 script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
3457 =item /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through
3459 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
3460 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
3461 understood literally.
3463 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through at <HERE< in m/%s/
3465 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
3466 recognized by Perl. This combination appears in an interpolated variable or
3467 a C<'>-delimited regular expression. The character was understood
3468 literally. The <HERE< shows in the regular expression about where the escape
3472 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
3474 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
3477 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
3479 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
3480 recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names
3483 =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
3485 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you
3486 think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the
3487 bad switch on your behalf.)
3489 =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
3491 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
3492 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline,
3493 PROBABLY because you forgot to chop() or chomp() it off. See
3496 =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called
3498 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
3500 =item Unsupported function %s
3502 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
3503 At least, Configure doesn't think so.
3505 =item Unsupported function fork
3507 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
3509 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors
3510 of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try
3511 changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
3513 =item Unsupported script encoding
3515 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which
3516 declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot yet read.
3518 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
3520 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at
3521 least that's what Configure thought.
3523 =item Unterminated attribute list
3525 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
3526 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
3527 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
3528 attribute too soon. See L<attributes>.
3530 =item Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
3532 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing
3533 an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis
3534 character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash
3535 character to get your parentheses to balance. See L<attributes>.
3537 =item Unterminated compressed integer
3539 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
3540 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
3541 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3543 =item Unterminated <> operator
3545 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
3546 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
3547 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
3548 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
3550 =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
3552 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was
3553 still valid when C<untie> was called.
3555 =item Useless use of %s in void context
3557 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does
3558 nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a
3559 value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very
3560 often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl
3561 to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd
3562 get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and
3567 when you meant to say
3569 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
3571 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
3572 reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
3577 when you should have said
3581 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
3582 while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
3583 a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
3584 throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
3585 L<perlref> for more on this.
3587 =item Useless use of "re" pragma
3589 (W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful.
3591 =item "use" not allowed in expression
3593 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
3594 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
3596 =item Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated
3598 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form
3599 if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
3601 =item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
3603 (D deprecated) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you clobber
3604 a subroutine's argument list, so it's better if you assign the results
3605 of a split() explicitly to an array (or list).
3607 =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
3609 (D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines
3610 are looked up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the
3611 subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g.
3612 C<Foo::bar()>), not as methods (e.g. C<< Foo->bar() >> or C<<
3615 This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for
3616 methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base of existing
3617 code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl
3618 currently issues an optional warning when non-methods use inherited
3621 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
3622 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used
3623 to depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class
3624 named C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during
3627 In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);>
3628 you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
3629 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
3631 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported
3633 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
3634 only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
3636 =item Use of $* is deprecated
3638 (D deprecated) This variable magically turned on multi-line pattern
3639 matching, both for you and for any luckless subroutine that you happen
3640 to call. You should use the new C<//m> and C<//s> modifiers now to do
3641 that without the dangerous action-at-a-distance effects of C<$*>.
3643 =item Use of %s is deprecated
3645 (D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,
3646 generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the
3647 old way has bad side effects.
3649 =item Use of $# is deprecated
3651 (D deprecated) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly
3652 defined B<awk> feature. Use an explicit printf() or sprintf() instead.
3654 =item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
3656 (D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future
3657 versions of perl may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either
3658 explicitly quoting the word in a manner appropriate for its context of
3659 use, or using a different name altogether. The warning can be
3660 suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a C<&> prefix, or using
3661 a package qualifier, e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>.
3663 =item Use of uninitialized value%s
3665 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
3666 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.
3667 To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables.
3669 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl tells you what operation
3670 you used the undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your
3671 program and the operation displayed in the warning may not necessarily
3672 appear literally in your program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is
3673 usually optimized into C<"that " . $foo>, and the warning will refer to
3674 the C<concatenation (.)> operator, even though there is no C<.> in your
3677 =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
3679 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob),
3680 C<each()>, or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs
3681 can return a value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression
3682 false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these
3683 constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the
3684 C<defined> operator.
3686 =item Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
3688 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an
3689 %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string
3690 longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to
3693 =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
3695 (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable that
3696 you apparently thought was imported from another module, because
3697 something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by
3698 that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the
3699 front of your variable.
3701 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
3703 (W misc) A "my" or "our" variable has been redeclared in the current
3704 scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the previous
3705 instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note that the
3706 earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope or until
3707 all closure referents to it are destroyed.
3709 =item Variable "%s" may be unavailable
3711 (W closure) An inner (nested) I<anonymous> subroutine is inside a
3712 I<named> subroutine, and outside that is another subroutine; and the
3713 anonymous (innermost) subroutine is referencing a lexical variable
3714 defined in the outermost subroutine. For example:
3716 sub outermost { my $a; sub middle { sub { $a } } }
3718 If the anonymous subroutine is called or referenced (directly or
3719 indirectly) from the outermost subroutine, it will share the variable as
3720 you would expect. But if the anonymous subroutine is called or
3721 referenced when the outermost subroutine is not active, it will see the
3722 value of the shared variable as it was before and during the *first*
3723 call to the outermost subroutine, which is probably not what you want.
3725 In these circumstances, it is usually best to make the middle subroutine
3726 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. Perl has specific support for
3727 shared variables in nested anonymous subroutines; a named subroutine in
3728 between interferes with this feature.
3730 =item Variable syntax
3732 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
3733 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
3736 =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
3738 (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a
3739 lexical variable defined in an outer subroutine.
3741 When the inner subroutine is called, it will probably see the value of
3742 the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
3743 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
3744 outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no
3745 longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the
3746 variable will no longer be shared.
3748 Furthermore, if the outer subroutine is anonymous and references a
3749 lexical variable outside itself, then the outer and inner subroutines
3750 will I<never> share the given variable.
3752 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
3753 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that
3754 reference variables in outer subroutines are called or referenced, they
3755 are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
3757 =item Variable length lookbehind not implemented at <HERE< in regex m/%s/
3759 (F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and
3760 known at compile time. The <HERE< shows in the regular expression about where
3761 the problem was discovered.
3763 =item Version number must be a constant number
3765 (P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into
3766 its equivalent C<BEGIN> block found an internal inconsistency with
3769 =item Warning: something's wrong
3771 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or
3772 you called it with no args and C<$_> was empty.
3774 =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
3776 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on
3777 the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk
3780 =item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
3782 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
3783 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a
3784 term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand
3785 function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
3789 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
3793 but in actual fact, you got
3797 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
3799 =item write() on closed filehandle %s
3801 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
3802 before now. Check your logic flow.
3804 =item X outside of string
3806 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position before
3807 the beginning of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3809 =item x outside of string
3811 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
3812 the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3814 =item Xsub "%s" called in sort
3816 (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet
3819 =item Xsub called in sort
3821 (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet
3824 =item You can't use C<-l> on a filehandle
3826 (F) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file
3827 it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
3828 Use a filename instead.
3830 =item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
3832 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the
3833 sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip
3834 about what you want. Your best bet is to use the wrapsuid script in the
3835 eg directory to put a setuid C wrapper around your script.
3837 =item You need to quote "%s"
3839 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
3840 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
3841 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
3842 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it IS
3843 what you want, put an & in front.)