3 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 (W) A warning (optional).
11 (D) A deprecation (optional).
12 (S) A severe warning (mandatory).
13 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
14 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
15 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
16 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
18 Optional warnings are enabled by using the B<-w> switch. Warnings may
19 be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}> to a reference to a routine that
20 will be called on each warning instead of printing it. See L<perlvar>.
21 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
24 Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are denoted with a %s,
25 just as in a printf format. Note that some messages start with a %s!
26 The symbols C<"%(-?@> sort before the letters, while C<[> and C<\> sort after.
30 =item "my" variable %s can't be in a package
32 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make sense
33 to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use local()
34 if you want to localize a package variable.
36 =item "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope
38 (W) A lexical variable has been redeclared in the same scope, effectively
39 eliminating all access to the previous instance. This is almost always
40 a typographical error. Note that the earlier variable will still exist
41 until the end of the scope or until all closure referents to it are
44 =item "no" not allowed in expression
46 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and returns
47 no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
49 =item "use" not allowed in expression
51 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and returns
52 no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
54 =item % may only be used in unpack
56 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
57 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
58 way. See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
60 =item %s (...) interpreted as function
62 (W) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator followed
63 by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list operators arguments
64 found inside the parentheses. See L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>.
66 =item %s argument is not a HASH element
68 (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash element, such as
73 =item %s argument is not a HASH element or slice
75 (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash element, such as
80 or a hash slice, such as
82 @foo{$bar, $baz, $xyzzy}
83 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
85 =item %s did not return a true value
87 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
88 it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
89 traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would
90 do. See L<perlfunc/require>.
92 =item %s found where operator expected
94 (S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator. If it
95 sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an operator,
96 it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an operator or
97 delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
99 =item %s had compilation errors
101 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails.
103 =item %s has too many errors
105 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
106 Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
108 =item %s matches null string many times
110 (W) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
111 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. See L<perlre>.
113 =item %s never introduced
115 (S) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of scope
116 before it could possibly have been used.
120 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
122 =item %s: Command not found
124 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
125 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
128 =item %s: Expression syntax
130 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
131 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
134 =item %s: Undefined variable
136 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
137 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
142 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
143 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
146 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
148 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
149 found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
150 the previous line just because you saw this message.
152 =item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script
154 (F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,
155 which provides a race condition that breaks security.
157 =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
159 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
160 know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
162 =item C<-p> destination: %s
164 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
165 command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
166 redirected it with select().)
168 =item 500 Server error
172 =item ?+* follows nothing in regexp
174 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it
175 if you meant it literally. See L<perlre>.
177 =item @ outside of string
179 (F) You had a pack template that specified an absolute position outside
180 the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
182 =item accept() on closed fd
184 (W) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
185 the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/accept>.
187 =item Allocation too large: %lx
189 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
191 =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
193 (W) The pattern match (//), substitution (s///), and transliteration (tr///)
194 operators work on scalar values. If you apply one of them to an array
195 or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to a scalar value -- the
196 length of an array, or the population info of a hash -- and then work on
197 that scalar value. This is probably not what you meant to do. See
198 L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for alternatives.
200 =item Arg too short for msgsnd
202 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
204 =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
206 (W)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
207 you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
208 a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
210 =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
212 (W) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl keyword,
213 and you have used the name without qualification for calling one or the
214 other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the subroutine is
217 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
218 before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
219 Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
220 imported with the C<use subs> pragma).
222 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix
223 on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or by declaring the subroutine
224 to be an object method (see L<attrs>).
226 =item Args must match #! line
228 (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked
229 with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems
230 impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches;
231 for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>.
233 =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
235 (W) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator that
236 expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
237 will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
239 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
241 (D) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some spots. This
242 is now heavily deprecated.
244 =item assertion botched: %s
246 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
248 =item Assertion failed: file "%s"
250 (P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
252 =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar
254 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments
255 must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
256 know which context to supply to the right side.
258 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
260 (P) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas that will
261 be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be outside any
264 =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
266 (P) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of strings to
267 optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other strings. This
268 indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count of a string
269 that can no longer be found in the table.
271 =item Attempt to free temp prematurely
273 (W) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the free_tmps()
274 routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the SV before
275 the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the free_tmps()
276 routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does try to free
279 =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
281 (P) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
283 =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
285 (W) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to see if it
286 would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0 earlier,
287 and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed. This
288 could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or that
289 SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was mortalized
290 when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been corrupted.
292 =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
294 (W) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
295 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This
296 means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become
297 invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use
298 literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to
301 =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
303 (W) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr() used
304 as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to
305 dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>.
307 =item Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %d
309 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl() or
310 shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively,
311 S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and
312 S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>.
314 =item Bad filehandle: %s
316 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the symbol
317 has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an open(), or
318 did it in another package.
320 =item Bad free() ignored
322 (S) An internal routine called free() on something that had never been
323 malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by
324 setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
326 This message can be quite often seen with DB_File on systems with
327 "hard" dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of
328 C<Berkeley DB> which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving>
333 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
335 =item Bad index while coercing array into hash
337 (F) The index looked up in the hash found as the 0'th element of a
338 pseudo-hash is not legal. Index values must be at 1 or greater.
341 =item Bad name after %s::
343 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then didn't
344 finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside of quotes,
353 $sym = "mypack::$var";
355 =item Bad symbol for array
357 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that
358 wasn't a symbol table entry.
360 =item Bad symbol for filehandle
362 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something that
363 wasn't a symbol table entry.
365 =item Bad symbol for hash
367 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
368 wasn't a symbol table entry.
370 =item Badly placed ()'s
372 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
373 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
376 =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
378 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
379 subroutine identifier, in curly braces or to the left of the "=>" symbol.
380 Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
382 =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
384 (W) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but
385 the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point.
386 Perhaps you need to predeclare a package?
388 =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
390 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN subroutine.
391 Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is exited.
393 =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
395 (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which
396 implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had
397 already occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}>
398 could not be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code
399 likely depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.
401 =item bind() on closed fd
403 (W) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
404 the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>.
406 =item Bizarre copy of %s in %s
408 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not copiable.
410 =item Callback called exit
412 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via perl_call_sv()
413 exited by calling exit.
415 =item Can't "goto" outside a block
417 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look
418 like a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually
419 occurs if you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which
420 is a no-no. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
422 =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
424 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
425 foreach loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
427 =item Can't "last" outside a block
429 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
430 except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a
431 current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a
432 "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(). You can usually double
433 the curlies to get the same effect though, because the inner curlies
434 will be considered a block that loops once. See L<perlfunc/last>.
436 =item Can't "next" outside a block
438 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
439 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
440 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(). You can
441 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the inner
442 curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
444 =item Can't "redo" outside a block
446 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
447 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
448 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(). You can
449 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the inner
450 curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>.
452 =item Can't bless non-reference value
454 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces"
455 encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>.
457 =item Can't break at that line
459 (S) A warning intended to only be printed while running within the debugger, indicating
460 the line number specified wasn't the location of a statement that could
463 =item Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
465 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
466 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined
467 in it, let alone methods. See L<perlobj>.
469 =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
471 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It
472 ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but
473 you didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't
474 an object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>.
476 =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
478 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
479 object reference or package name contains an expression that returns
480 a defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name.
481 Something like this will reproduce the error:
484 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
485 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
487 =item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
489 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
490 object reference or package name contains an undefined value.
491 Something like this will reproduce the error:
494 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
495 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
497 =item Can't chdir to %s
499 (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory
500 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
502 =item Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
504 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
505 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't
515 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
517 =item Can't coerce %s to number in %s
519 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
520 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
522 =item Can't coerce %s to string in %s
524 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
525 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
527 =item Can't coerce array into hash
529 (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no
530 information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that
531 only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.
533 =item Can't create pipe mailbox
535 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted quotas
536 or other plumbing problems.
538 =item Can't declare %s in my
540 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as lexical variables.
541 They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
543 =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
545 (S) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated reason.
547 =item Can't do inplace edit without backup
549 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try reading
550 from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say C<-i.bak>, or some
553 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s E<gt> 14 characters
555 (S) There isn't enough room in the filename to make a backup name for the file.
557 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
559 (S) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as a file in
560 /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.
562 =item Can't do setegid!
564 (P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator
567 =item Can't do seteuid!
569 (P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some reason.
571 =item Can't do setuid
573 (F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to exec suidperl to
574 do setuid emulation, but couldn't exec it. It looks for a name of the
575 form sperl5.000 in the same directory that the perl executable resides
576 under the name perl5.000, typically /usr/local/bin on Unix machines.
577 If the file is there, check the execute permissions. If it isn't, ask
578 your sysadmin why he and/or she removed it.
580 =item Can't do waitpid with flags
582 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only waitpid()
583 without flags is emulated.
585 =item Can't do {n,m} with n E<gt> m
587 (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want
588 your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. See L<perlre>.
590 =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line
592 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this point.
593 For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #! line.
595 =item Can't exec "%s": %s
597 (W) An system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the named
598 program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the permissions
599 were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in C<$ENV{PATH}>, the
600 executable in question was compiled for another architecture, or the
601 #! line in a script points to an interpreter that can't be run for
602 similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support #! at all.)
606 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because that's
607 what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may need to
608 mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
610 =item Can't execute %s
612 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute found
613 in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
615 =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
617 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be found
618 in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The script
619 exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
621 =item Can't find %s on PATH
623 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be found
626 =item Can't find label %s
628 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's possible
629 for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
631 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
633 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means that
634 the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count nesting
635 levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis:
637 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
639 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
640 included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good
641 programmer's editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
645 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a pipeline.
647 =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
649 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference between
650 access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes. Under VMS,
651 access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in the stat buffer, so
652 that ACLs and other protections can be taken into account. Unfortunately, Perl
653 assumes that the stat buffer contains all the necessary information, and passes
654 it, instead of the filespec, to the access checking routine. It will try to
655 retrieve the filespec using the device name and FID present in the stat buffer,
656 but this works only if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat()
657 routine, because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning
658 appears, the name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up and
659 returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access checking routine
660 knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you shouldn't ever
661 see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises only if some internal
662 code takes stat buffers lightly.)
664 =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name
666 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a pipe, Perl
667 can't retrieve its name for later use.
669 =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
671 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your
672 mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
674 =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
676 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one subroutine
677 call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole cloth. In general
678 you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD routine anyway. See
681 =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string
683 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval "string".
684 (You can use it to jump out of an eval {BLOCK}, but you probably don't want to.)
686 =item Can't localize through a reference
688 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
689 handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref
690 pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be
691 sure that $ref will still be a reference.
693 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s
695 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
696 lexical variable using "my". This is not allowed. If you want to
697 localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the
700 =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
702 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows autoload,
703 but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes are a misprint
704 in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit> the file, say, by
705 doing C<make install>.
707 =item Can't locate %s in @INC
709 (F) You said to do (or require, or use) a file that couldn't be found
710 in any of the libraries mentioned in @INC. Perhaps you need to set the
711 PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where the extra library
712 is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name to @INC. Or maybe
713 you just misspelled the name of the file. See L<perlfunc/require>.
715 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
717 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
718 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
719 method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>.
721 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
723 (W) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that doesn't seem
726 =item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
728 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably VMS.
730 =item Can't modify %s in %s
732 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try to
733 change it, such as with an auto-increment.
735 =item Can't modify nonexistent substring
737 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed
740 =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var
742 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
745 =item Can't open %s: %s
747 (S) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<E<lt>E<gt>>
748 filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line
749 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this
750 is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named
753 =item Can't open bidirectional pipe
755 (W) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported. You can
756 try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such as
757 IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using "E<gt>",
758 and then read it in under a different file handle.
760 =item Can't open error file %s as stderr
762 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
763 couldn't open the file specified after '2E<gt>' or '2E<gt>E<gt>' on the
764 command line for writing.
766 =item Can't open input file %s as stdin
768 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
769 couldn't open the file specified after 'E<lt>' on the command line for reading.
771 =item Can't open output file %s as stdout
773 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
774 couldn't open the file specified after 'E<gt>' or 'E<gt>E<gt>' on the command
777 =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
779 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
780 couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined for stdout.
782 =item Can't open perl script "%s": %s
784 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
786 =item Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s
788 (F) Perl optimizes the internal handling of sort subroutines and keeps
789 pointers into them. You tried to redefine one such sort subroutine when it
790 was currently active, which is not allowed. If you really want to do
791 this, you should write C<sort { &func } @x> instead of C<sort func @x>.
793 =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
795 (S) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason, probably because
796 you don't have write permission to the directory.
798 =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
800 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried to
801 reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
803 =item Can't reswap uid and euid
805 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator
808 =item Can't return outside a subroutine
810 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
811 there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>.
813 =item Can't stat script "%s"
815 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have
816 it open already. Bizarre.
818 =item Can't swap uid and euid
820 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator
823 =item Can't take log of %g
825 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
826 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
827 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for
828 the negative numbers.
830 =item Can't take sqrt of %g
832 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
833 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard
834 with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
836 =item Can't undef active subroutine
838 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can,
839 however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the
840 redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure.
844 (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted, such
845 as the main Perl stack.
847 =item Can't upgrade that kind of scalar
849 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making
850 it into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are
851 so specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This
852 message indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
854 =item Can't upgrade to undef
856 (P) The undefined SV is the bottom of the totem pole, in the scheme
857 of upgradability. Upgrading to undef indicates an error in the
858 code calling sv_upgrade.
860 =item Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available
862 (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the
863 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
864 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
866 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
868 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
869 You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the E<lt>=E<gt> or cmp operator,
870 and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
871 Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
874 =item Can't use %s for loop variable
876 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a foreach.
878 =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref
880 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
881 reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
882 test the type of the reference, if need be.
884 =item Can't use \1 to mean $1 in expression
886 (W) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that creates
887 a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a backreference
888 to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular expression pattern.
889 Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a value that prints
890 out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form instead.
892 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while \"strict refs\" in use
894 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic references
895 are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
897 =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
899 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic references
900 are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
902 =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
904 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
905 be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
907 =item Can't use global %s in "my"
909 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This is
910 not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location (namely
911 the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to have
912 variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
915 =item Can't use subscript on %s
917 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
918 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
919 didn't look like an array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
921 =item Can't x= to read-only value
923 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value) with
924 an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
925 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
927 =item Cannot find an opnumber for "%s"
929 (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but
930 there is no builtin with the name C<word>.
932 =item Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
934 (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
935 opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
936 package. If method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
938 =item Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions
940 (W) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
941 with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions.
942 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
943 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
944 backslash: "\[." and ".\]".
946 =item Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions
948 (W) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
949 with "[:" and ending with ":]" is reserved for future extensions.
950 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
951 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
952 backslash: "\[:" and ":\]".
954 =item Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions
956 (W) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
957 beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions.
958 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
959 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
960 backslash: "\[=" and "=\]".
962 =item chmod: mode argument is missing initial 0
964 (W) A novice will sometimes say
968 not realizing that 777 will be interpreted as a decimal number, equivalent
969 to 01411. Octal constants are introduced with a leading 0 in Perl, as in C.
971 =item Close on unopened file E<lt>%sE<gt>
973 (W) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
975 =item Compilation failed in require
977 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement.
978 Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it encountered
979 were severe enough to halt compilation immediately.
981 =item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
983 (W) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex situations
984 where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited to 32766,
985 or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow
986 arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without
987 recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string
988 under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather
989 than in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular
990 expression so that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlbook>
991 for information on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.)
993 =item connect() on closed fd
995 (W) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
996 the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/connect>.
998 =item Constant subroutine %s redefined
1000 (S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible for
1001 inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
1004 =item Constant subroutine %s undefined
1006 (S) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible for
1007 inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
1010 =item Copy method did not return a reference
1012 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See L<overload/Copy Constructor>.
1014 =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
1016 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
1018 =item corrupted regexp pointers
1020 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1021 expression compiler gave it.
1023 =item corrupted regexp program
1025 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without
1026 a valid magic number.
1028 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1030 (W) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly) 100
1031 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an infinite
1032 recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in which
1033 case it indicates something else.
1035 =item Delimiter for here document is too long
1037 (F) In a here document construct like C<E<lt>E<lt>FOO>, the label
1038 C<FOO> is too long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously
1039 twisted to write code that triggers this error.
1041 =item Did you mean &%s instead?
1043 (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some such.
1045 =item Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?
1047 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or @hash{@keys}.
1048 On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got carried away.
1052 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or
1053 you called it with no args and both C<$@> and C<$_> were empty.
1055 =item Do you need to predeclare %s?
1057 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
1058 found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
1059 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be
1060 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
1061 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're
1062 referencing something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have
1063 to define the subroutine or package before the current location. You
1064 can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward"
1067 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
1069 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1071 =item do_study: out of memory
1073 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1075 =item Duplicate free() ignored
1077 (S) An internal routine called free() on something that had already
1080 =item elseif should be elsif
1082 (S) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's
1083 ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method
1084 named "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is
1085 unlikely to be what you want.
1087 =item END failed--cleanup aborted
1089 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing an END subroutine.
1090 The interpreter is immediately exited.
1092 =item Error converting file specification %s
1094 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file
1095 specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a
1096 single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've
1097 passed an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a
1098 case the conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1100 =item %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1102 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular expression
1103 that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which is unsafe.
1104 See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>.
1106 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
1108 (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion,
1109 but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'> pragma is
1110 in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1112 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time
1114 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the C<(?{ ... })>
1115 zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the pattern contains
1116 interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, it is not allowed.
1117 If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly building the pattern
1118 from an interpolated string at run time and using that in an eval().
1119 See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1121 =item Excessively long <> operator
1123 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a
1124 Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
1125 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a
1126 variable and glob that.
1128 =item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors
1130 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
1132 =item Exiting eval via %s
1134 (W) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as
1135 a goto, or a loop control statement.
1137 =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s
1139 (W) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a sort block or
1140 subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a loop control
1141 statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
1143 =item Exiting subroutine via %s
1145 (W) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such as
1146 a goto, or a loop control statement.
1148 =item Exiting substitution via %s
1150 (W) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such as
1151 a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
1153 =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
1155 (W) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has
1156 the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is
1157 usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target
1158 package, e.g. bless($ref, $p or 'MyPackage');
1160 =item Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
1162 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS system
1163 service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more details. The
1164 filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell you which section of
1165 the Perl source code is distressed.
1167 =item fcntl is not implemented
1169 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a
1170 PDP-11 or something?
1172 =item Filehandle %s never opened
1174 (W) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was never initialized.
1175 You need to do an open() or a socket() call, or call a constructor from
1176 the FileHandle package.
1178 =item Filehandle %s opened for only input
1180 (W) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
1181 intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with
1182 "+E<lt>" or "+E<gt>" or "+E<gt>E<gt>" instead of with "E<lt>" or nothing. If
1183 you intended only to write the file, use "E<gt>" or "E<gt>E<gt>". See
1186 =item Filehandle opened for only input
1188 (W) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
1189 intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with
1190 "+E<lt>" or "+E<gt>" or "+E<gt>E<gt>" instead of with "E<lt>" or nothing. If
1191 you intended only to write the file, use "E<gt>" or "E<gt>E<gt>". See
1194 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name
1196 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be
1197 a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name
1198 that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or
1201 =item Final @ should be \@ or @name
1203 (F) You must now decide whether the final @ in a string was meant to be
1204 a literal "at" sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name
1205 that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or
1208 =item Format %s redefined
1210 (W) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
1214 eval "format NAME =...";
1217 =item Format not terminated
1219 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
1220 to the end of your file without finding such a line.
1222 =item Found = in conditional, should be ==
1232 (or something like that).
1234 =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
1236 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
1238 =item gethostent not implemented
1240 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably
1241 because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname
1244 =item get{sock,peer}name() on closed fd
1246 (W) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed socket.
1247 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
1249 =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
1251 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the
1252 C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC.
1255 =item Glob not terminated
1257 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
1258 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and not
1259 finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out earlier in
1260 the line, and you really meant a "less than".
1262 =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
1264 (F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates that all variables
1265 must either be lexically scoped (using "my"), or explicitly qualified to
1266 say which package the global variable is in (using "::").
1268 =item goto must have label
1270 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
1271 unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
1273 =item Had to create %s unexpectedly
1275 (S) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought to have
1276 existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be created on
1277 an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
1279 =item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
1281 (D) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some spots. This
1282 is now heavily deprecated.
1284 =item Identifier too long
1286 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to
1287 about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound
1288 names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future
1289 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.
1291 =item Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter
1293 (W) A warning peculiar to VMS. A logical name was encountered when preparing
1294 to iterate over %ENV which violates the syntactic rules governing logical
1295 names. Because it cannot be translated normally, it is skipped, and will not
1296 appear in %ENV. This may be a benign occurrence, as some software packages
1297 might directly modify logical name tables and introduce nonstandard names,
1298 or it may indicate that a logical name table has been corrupted.
1300 =item Illegal character %s (carriage return)
1302 (F) A carriage return character was found in the input. This is an
1303 error, and not a warning, because carriage return characters can break
1304 multi-line strings, including here documents (e.g., C<print E<lt>E<lt>EOF;>).
1306 Under Unix, this error is usually caused by executing Perl code --
1307 either the main program, a module, or an eval'd string -- that was
1308 transferred over a network connection from a non-Unix system without
1309 properly converting the text file format.
1311 Under systems that use something other than '\n' to delimit lines of
1312 text, this error can also be caused by reading Perl code from a file
1313 handle that is in binary mode (as set by the C<binmode> operator).
1315 In either case, the Perl code in question will probably need to be
1316 converted with something like C<s/\x0D\x0A?/\n/g> before it can be
1319 =item Illegal division by zero
1321 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in your
1322 logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against meaningless input.
1324 =item Illegal modulus zero
1326 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most numbers
1327 don't take to this kindly.
1329 =item Illegal octal digit
1331 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in a octal number.
1333 =item Illegal octal digit ignored
1335 (W) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in a octal number. Interpretation
1336 of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
1338 =item Illegal hex digit ignored
1340 (W) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or A - F in a
1341 hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal number stopped
1342 before the illegal character.
1344 =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s
1346 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
1347 following switches: B<-[DIMUdmw]>.
1349 =item In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s
1351 (F) It used to be that Perl would try to guess whether you wanted an
1352 array interpolated or a literal @. It did this when the string was first
1353 used at runtime. Now strings are parsed at compile time, and ambiguous
1354 instances of @ must be disambiguated, either by prepending a backslash to
1355 indicate a literal, or by declaring (or using) the array within the
1356 program before the string (lexically). (Someday it will simply assume
1357 that an unbackslashed @ interpolates an array.)
1359 =item Insecure dependency in %s
1361 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like.
1362 The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or setgid,
1363 or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The tainting mechanism
1364 labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly from the user,
1365 who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any such data is
1366 used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See L<perlsec>
1367 for more information.
1369 =item Insecure directory in %s
1371 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or setgid
1372 script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by the world.
1375 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
1377 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
1378 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>,
1379 C<$ENV{ENV}> or C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> are derived from data supplied (or
1380 potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set the path to a
1381 known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>.
1383 =item Integer overflow in hex number
1385 (S) The literal hex number you have specified is too big for your
1386 architecture. On a 32-bit architecture the largest hex literal is
1389 =item Integer overflow in octal number
1391 (S) The literal octal number you have specified is too big for your
1392 architecture. On a 32-bit architecture the largest octal literal is
1395 =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
1397 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number
1398 of times you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine
1399 whether the current call to C<exec> should affect the current
1400 script or a subprocess (see L<perlvms/exec>). Somehow, this count
1401 has become scrambled, so Perl is making a guess and treating
1402 this C<exec> as a request to terminate the Perl script
1403 and execute the specified command.
1405 =item internal disaster in regexp
1407 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
1409 =item internal error: glob failed
1411 (P) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for C<glob>
1412 and C<E<lt>*.cE<gt>>. This may mean that your csh (C shell) is
1413 broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables in
1414 config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it
1415 were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them all
1416 empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will
1417 think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run
1418 C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl.
1420 =item internal urp in regexp at /%s/
1422 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser.
1424 =item invalid [] range in regexp
1426 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
1427 greater than the maximum character. See L<perlre>.
1429 =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
1431 (W) Perl does not understand the given format conversion.
1432 See L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
1434 =item Invalid type in pack: '%s'
1436 (F) The given character is not a valid pack type. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1437 (W) The given character is not a valid pack type but used to be silently
1440 =item Invalid type in unpack: '%s'
1442 (F) The given character is not a valid unpack type. See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
1443 (W) The given character is not a valid unpack type but used to be silently
1446 =item ioctl is not implemented
1448 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty
1449 strange for a machine that supports C.
1451 =item junk on end of regexp
1453 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
1455 =item Label not found for "last %s"
1457 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a
1458 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called from.
1459 See L<perlfunc/last>.
1461 =item Label not found for "next %s"
1463 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of
1464 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1467 =item Label not found for "redo %s"
1469 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of
1470 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1473 =item listen() on closed fd
1475 (W) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
1476 the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/listen>.
1478 =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
1480 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
1481 doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
1483 =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
1485 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused
1486 by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually
1487 ended earlier on the current line.
1489 =item Misplaced _ in number
1491 (W) An underline in a decimal constant wasn't on a 3-digit boundary.
1493 =item Missing $ on loop variable
1495 (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables are always
1496 mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it can vary from
1497 one line to the next.
1499 =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function
1501 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
1502 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
1504 =item Missing operator before %s?
1506 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
1507 found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
1509 =item Missing right bracket
1511 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly brackets (braces) than closing ones.
1512 As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you were last
1515 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted
1517 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
1518 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
1519 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
1521 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
1524 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string.
1526 =item Modification of noncreatable array value attempted, subscript %d
1528 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
1529 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array
1532 =item Modification of noncreatable hash value attempted, subscript "%s"
1534 (F) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it couldn't
1535 be created for some peculiar reason.
1537 =item Module name must be constant
1539 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use".
1541 =item msg%s not implemented
1543 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
1545 =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
1547 (W) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>. They're written
1548 like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
1550 =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
1552 (W) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
1553 If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention
1554 it again somehow to suppress the message. The C<use vars> pragma is
1555 provided for just this purpose.
1557 =item Negative length
1559 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer length
1560 that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
1562 =item nested *?+ in regexp
1564 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. So
1565 things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal.
1567 Note, however, that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and C<??> appear
1568 to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>.
1572 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
1573 even on machines that don't support the #! construct.
1575 =item No %s allowed while running setuid
1577 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or setgid
1578 script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there will be
1579 another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least securable.
1582 =item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
1584 (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
1586 =item No comma allowed after %s
1588 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not
1589 allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments.
1590 Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
1592 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
1593 constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such
1594 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating system
1595 does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an
1596 explicit import list for the constants you expect to see, please see
1597 L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an explicit import list
1598 would probably have caught this error earlier it naturally does not
1599 remedy the fact that your operating system still does not support that
1600 constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the symbol import
1601 list of B<use> or B<import> or in the constant name at the line where
1602 this error was triggered?
1604 =item No command into which to pipe on command line
1606 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1607 and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it doesn't know where you
1608 want to pipe the output from this command.
1610 =item No DB::DB routine defined
1612 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch,
1613 but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof)
1614 didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each
1615 statement. Which is odd, because the file should have been required
1616 automatically, and should have blown up the require if it didn't parse
1619 =item No dbm on this machine
1621 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should
1622 supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>.
1624 =item No DBsub routine
1626 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch,
1627 but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof)
1628 didn't define a DB::sub routine to be called at the beginning of each
1629 ordinary subroutine call.
1631 =item No error file after 2E<gt> or 2E<gt>E<gt> on command line
1633 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1634 and found a '2E<gt>' or a '2E<gt>E<gt>' on the command line, but can't find
1635 the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
1637 =item No input file after E<lt> on command line
1639 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1640 and found a 'E<lt>' on the command line, but can't find the name of the file
1641 from which to read data for stdin.
1643 =item No output file after E<gt> on command line
1645 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1646 and found a lone 'E<gt>' at the end of the command line, so it doesn't know
1647 where you wanted to redirect stdout.
1649 =item No output file after E<gt> or E<gt>E<gt> on command line
1651 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1652 and found a 'E<gt>' or a 'E<gt>E<gt>' on the command line, but can't find the
1653 name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.
1655 =item No Perl script found in input
1657 (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning
1658 with #! and containing the word "perl".
1660 =item No setregid available
1662 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for
1665 =item No setreuid available
1667 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
1670 =item No space allowed after B<-I>
1672 (F) The argument to B<-I> must follow the B<-I> immediately with no
1675 =item No such array field
1677 (F) You tried to access an array as a hash, but the field name used is
1678 not defined. The hash at index 0 should map all valid field names to
1679 array indices for that to work.
1681 =item No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
1683 (F) You tried to access a field of a typed variable where the type
1684 does not know about the field name. The field names are looked up in
1685 the %FIELDS hash in the type package at compile time. The %FIELDS hash
1686 is usually set up with the 'fields' pragma.
1688 =item No such pipe open
1690 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to
1691 close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught earlier as
1692 an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
1694 =item No such signal: SIG%s
1696 (W) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was not recognized.
1697 Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names on your system.
1699 =item Not a CODE reference
1701 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
1702 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
1703 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was.
1704 See also L<perlref>.
1706 =item Not a format reference
1708 (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous
1709 format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist.
1711 =item Not a GLOB reference
1713 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is,
1714 a symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to
1715 something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out
1716 what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
1718 =item Not a HASH reference
1720 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but
1721 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
1722 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
1724 =item Not a perl script
1726 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
1727 even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The line must
1730 =item Not a SCALAR reference
1732 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but
1733 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
1734 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
1736 =item Not a subroutine reference
1738 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
1739 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
1740 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was.
1741 See also L<perlref>.
1743 =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table
1745 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
1746 doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
1748 =item Not an ARRAY reference
1750 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
1751 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
1752 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
1754 =item Not enough arguments for %s
1756 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
1758 =item Not enough format arguments
1760 (W) A format specified more picture fields than the next line supplied.
1763 =item Null filename used
1765 (F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many machines
1766 that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
1768 =item Null picture in formline
1770 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
1771 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
1772 supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>.
1774 =item NULL OP IN RUN
1776 (P) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode pointer.
1780 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
1782 =item NULL regexp argument
1784 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
1786 =item NULL regexp parameter
1788 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
1790 =item Number too long
1792 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to about
1793 about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future versions of
1794 Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In the meantime,
1795 try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of "1_000_000").
1797 =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment
1799 (S) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash, which
1800 is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
1802 =item Offset outside string
1804 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with an offset
1805 pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to imagine.
1806 The sole exception to this is that C<sysread()>ing past the buffer
1807 will extend the buffer and zero pad the new area.
1811 (S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
1815 (S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
1817 =item Operation `%s': no method found, %s
1819 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which
1820 no handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in
1821 terms of other handlers, there is no default handler for any
1822 operation, unless C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be
1823 true. See L<overload>.
1825 =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s
1827 (S) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser was
1828 expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant
1829 to use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect.
1830 For example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as
1831 if you said "*foo * 'foo'".
1833 =item Out of memory for yacc stack
1835 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue parsing,
1836 but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or otherwise.
1838 =item Out of memory during request for %s
1840 (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
1841 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request.
1843 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
1844 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable.
1845 However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as
1846 an emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the
1847 error is trappable I<once>.
1849 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
1851 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
1852 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
1853 the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so
1854 a possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
1856 =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request
1858 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error
1859 is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g., C<$arr[time]>
1860 instead of C<$arr[$time]>.
1864 (W) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a page.
1867 =item panic: ck_grep
1869 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
1871 =item panic: ck_split
1873 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.
1875 =item panic: corrupt saved stack index
1877 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than there
1878 are in the savestack.
1882 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
1883 it wasn't an eval context.
1885 =item panic: do_match
1887 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational data.
1889 =item panic: do_split
1891 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
1893 =item panic: do_subst
1895 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational data.
1897 =item panic: do_trans
1899 (P) The internal do_trans() routine was called with invalid operational data.
1903 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible.
1907 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label,
1908 and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in.
1910 =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD
1912 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
1914 =item panic: INTERPCONCAT
1916 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
1920 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered
1921 it wasn't a block context.
1923 =item panic: leave_scope clearsv
1925 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the scope.
1927 =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency
1929 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
1930 invalid enum on the top of it.
1934 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
1936 =item panic: mapstart
1938 (P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the map() function.
1940 =item panic: null array
1942 (P) One of the internal array routines was passed a null AV pointer.
1944 =item panic: pad_alloc
1946 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
1947 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
1949 =item panic: pad_free curpad
1951 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
1952 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
1954 =item panic: pad_free po
1956 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
1958 =item panic: pad_reset curpad
1960 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
1961 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
1963 =item panic: pad_sv po
1965 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
1967 =item panic: pad_swipe curpad
1969 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
1970 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
1972 =item panic: pad_swipe po
1974 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
1976 =item panic: pp_iter
1978 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
1980 =item panic: realloc
1982 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
1984 =item panic: restartop
1986 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and
1987 didn't supply the destination.
1991 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and
1992 then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
1994 =item panic: scan_num
1996 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
1998 =item panic: sv_insert
2000 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there
2003 =item panic: top_env
2005 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
2009 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
2011 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
2013 (W) You said something like
2019 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
2021 Remember that "my" and "local" bind closer than comma.
2023 =item Perl %3.3f required--this is only version %s, stopped
2025 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more recent
2026 than the currently running version. How long has it been since you upgraded,
2027 anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>.
2029 =item Permission denied
2031 (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.
2033 =item pid %d not a child
2035 (W) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a process which
2036 isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is fine from VMS'
2037 perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
2039 =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
2041 (F) Your C compiler uses POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
2042 the BSD version, which takes a pid.
2044 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
2046 (W) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
2047 strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated
2048 as literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the
2049 parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
2051 You probably wrote something like this:
2058 when you should have written this:
2065 If you really want comments, build your list the
2066 old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas:
2070 'b', # another comment
2073 =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas
2075 (W) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore commas
2076 aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used different
2077 delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently
2080 You probably wrote something like this:
2084 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without
2085 commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
2089 =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
2091 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for.
2092 Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the
2093 end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
2094 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
2096 =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
2098 (S) The old irregular construct
2102 is now misinterpreted as
2106 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary
2107 and list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must
2108 put parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
2111 =item print on closed filehandle %s
2113 (W) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime before now.
2114 Check your logic flow.
2116 =item printf on closed filehandle %s
2118 (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before now.
2119 Check your logic flow.
2121 =item Probable precedence problem on %s
2123 (W) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a conditional,
2124 which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part of the
2125 last argument of the previous construct, for example:
2129 =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
2131 (S) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been declared
2132 or defined with a different function prototype.
2134 =item Range iterator outside integer range
2136 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".."
2137 are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally.
2138 One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string
2139 increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.
2141 =item Read on closed filehandle E<lt>%sE<gt>
2143 (W) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime before now.
2144 Check your logic flow.
2146 =item Reallocation too large: %lx
2148 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
2150 =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch
2152 (F) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce the
2153 desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
2154 which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
2156 =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
2158 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were used. Probably indicates
2159 an unintended loop in your inheritance hierarchy.
2161 =item Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'
2163 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while invoking a
2164 method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance hierarchy.
2166 =item Reference found where even-sized list expected
2168 (W) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list with
2169 an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This
2170 usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant
2171 to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>.
2173 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
2174 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
2175 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
2176 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
2178 =item Reference miscount in sv_replace()
2180 (W) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
2181 reference count of other than 1.
2183 =item regexp *+ operand could be empty
2185 (F) The part of the regexp subject to either the * or + quantifier
2186 could match an empty string.
2188 =item regexp memory corruption
2190 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
2191 expression compiler gave it.
2193 =item regexp out of space
2195 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it earlier.
2197 =item regexp too big
2199 (F) The current implementation of regular expressions uses shorts as
2200 address offsets within a string. Unfortunately this means that if
2201 the regular expression compiles to longer than 32767, it'll blow up.
2202 Usually when you want a regular expression this big, there is a better
2203 way to do it with multiple statements. See L<perlre>.
2205 =item Reversed %s= operator
2207 (W) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must always
2208 comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.
2210 =item Runaway format
2212 (F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence, but it
2213 produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly like the
2214 199th line. Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to exhaust
2215 themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by
2216 shifting or popping (for array variables). See L<perlform>.
2218 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
2220 (W) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a single element of
2221 an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
2222 The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always behaves like a scalar, both when
2223 assigning to it and when evaluating its argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves
2224 like a list when you assign to it, and provides a list context to its
2225 subscript, which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
2227 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
2228 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
2229 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
2232 =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
2234 (W) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single element of
2235 a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
2236 The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves like a scalar, both when
2237 assigning to it and when evaluating its argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves
2238 like a list when you assign to it, and provides a list context to its
2239 subscript, which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
2241 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash
2242 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
2243 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
2246 =item Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
2248 (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a setuid
2249 or setgid bit set. This doesn't make much sense.
2251 =item Search pattern not terminated
2253 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
2254 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
2255 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error.
2257 =item %sseek() on unopened file
2259 (W) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a filehandle that
2260 was either never opened or has since been closed.
2262 =item select not implemented
2264 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
2266 =item sem%s not implemented
2268 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
2270 =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
2272 (S) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a scalar
2273 that had previously been marked as free.
2275 =item Semicolon seems to be missing
2277 (W) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing semicolon,
2278 or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
2280 =item Send on closed socket
2282 (W) The filehandle you're sending to got itself closed sometime before now.
2283 Check your logic flow.
2285 =item Sequence (? incomplete
2287 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?.
2290 =item Sequence (?#... not terminated
2292 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
2293 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See L<perlre>.
2295 =item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented
2297 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved
2298 but has not yet been written. See L<perlre>.
2300 =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized
2302 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense.
2307 Also known as "500 Server error".
2309 B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>.
2311 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by the user
2312 CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the user account you
2313 tested it under), does not rely on any environment variables (like PATH)
2314 from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in a location where the CGI
2315 server can't find it, basically, more or less. Please see the following
2316 for more information:
2318 http://www.perl.com/perl/faq/idiots-guide.html
2319 http://www.perl.com/perl/faq/perl-cgi-faq.html
2320 ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/www/cgi-faq
2321 http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/interface.html
2322 http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/WWW/faqs/www-security-faq.html
2324 =item setegid() not implemented
2326 (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't support
2327 the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
2330 =item seteuid() not implemented
2332 (F) You tried to assign to C<$E<gt>>, and your operating system doesn't support
2333 the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
2336 =item setrgid() not implemented
2338 (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't support
2339 the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
2342 =item setruid() not implemented
2344 (F) You tried to assign to C<$E<lt>>, and your operating system doesn't support
2345 the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
2348 =item Setuid/gid script is writable by world
2350 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the world,
2351 because the world might have written on it already.
2353 =item shm%s not implemented
2355 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
2357 =item shutdown() on closed fd
2359 (W) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit superfluous.
2361 =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
2363 (W) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist. Perhaps you
2364 put it into the wrong package?
2366 =item sort is now a reserved word
2368 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.
2369 But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle.
2371 =item Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
2373 (F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You probably blew
2374 it by not using C<E<lt>=E<gt>> or C<cmp>, or by not using them correctly.
2375 See L<perlfunc/sort>.
2377 =item Sort subroutine didn't return single value
2379 (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more
2380 or less than one element. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
2384 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't iterate
2385 more times than there are characters of input, which is what happened.)
2386 See L<perlfunc/split>.
2388 =item Stat on unopened file E<lt>%sE<gt>
2390 (W) You tried to use the stat() function (or an equivalent file test)
2391 on a filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
2393 =item Statement unlikely to be reached
2395 (W) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a die().
2396 This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns unless
2397 there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system() instead,
2398 which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in a block
2401 =item Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
2403 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation stubs.
2404 Stubs should never be implicitely created, but explicit calls to C<can>
2407 =item Subroutine %s redefined
2409 (W) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
2413 eval "sub name { ... }";
2416 =item Substitution loop
2418 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a
2419 substitution shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of
2420 input, which is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in
2421 L<perlop/"Quote and Quote-like Operators">.
2423 =item Substitution pattern not terminated
2425 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a s/// or s{}{}
2426 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
2427 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
2429 =item Substitution replacement not terminated
2431 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a s/// or s{}{}
2432 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
2433 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
2435 =item substr outside of string
2437 (S),(W) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of a
2438 string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the
2439 length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is
2440 mandatory if substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side
2441 of an assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
2443 =item suidperl is no longer needed since %s
2445 (F) Your Perl was compiled with B<-D>SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but a
2446 version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.
2450 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
2452 A keyword is misspelled.
2453 A semicolon is missing.
2455 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
2456 An opening or closing brace is missing.
2457 A closing quote is missing.
2459 Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax
2460 error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.)
2461 The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when
2462 it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens
2463 before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input.
2464 Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon
2465 the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call
2466 C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see
2467 if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20 questions>.
2469 =item syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
2471 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
2472 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
2475 =item System V IPC is not implemented on this machine
2477 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem", "shm",
2478 or "msg". See L<perlfunc/semctl>, for example.
2480 =item Syswrite on closed filehandle
2482 (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before now.
2483 Check your logic flow.
2485 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested
2487 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply
2488 nested for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
2490 =item tell() on unopened file
2492 (W) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that was either
2493 never opened or has since been closed.
2495 =item Test on unopened file E<lt>%sE<gt>
2497 (W) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle that isn't
2498 open. Check your logic. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
2500 =item That use of $[ is unsupported
2502 (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted as
2503 a compiler directive. You may say only one of
2512 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base
2513 out from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>.
2515 =item The %s function is unimplemented
2517 The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according
2518 to the probings of Configure.
2520 =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
2522 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
2523 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they
2524 think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they
2525 will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I
2528 =item The stat preceding C<-l _> wasn't an lstat
2530 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic linkhood
2531 if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went past
2532 the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename instead.
2534 =item times not implemented
2536 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I suspect
2537 you're not running on Unix.
2539 =item Too few args to syscall
2541 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
2542 system call to call, silly dilly.
2544 =item Too late for "B<-T>" option
2546 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
2547 B<-T> option, but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.
2548 This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a
2549 script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment.
2552 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
2553 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed
2554 by editing the #! line so that the B<-T> option is a part of Perl's
2555 first argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -T> to C<perl -T -n>.
2557 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
2558 B<-T> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -T scriptname>.
2560 =item Too late for "-%s" option
2562 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
2563 B<-M> or B<-m> option. This is an error because B<-M> and B<-m> options
2564 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead.
2570 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
2571 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
2574 =item Too many args to syscall
2576 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
2578 =item Too many arguments for %s
2580 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
2582 =item trailing \ in regexp
2584 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash. Backslash
2587 =item Transliteration pattern not terminated
2589 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
2590 or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables
2591 C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error.
2593 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated
2595 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
2598 =item truncate not implemented
2600 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
2601 Configure knows about.
2603 =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
2605 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
2606 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be
2607 %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
2608 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>.
2610 =item umask: argument is missing initial 0
2612 (W) A umask of 222 is incorrect. It should be 0222, because octal literals
2613 always start with 0 in Perl, as in C.
2615 =item Unable to create sub named "%s"
2617 (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name.
2619 =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
2621 (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many execution
2622 contexts were entered and left.
2624 =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
2626 (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many
2627 values were temporarily localized.
2629 =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
2631 (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many blocks
2632 were entered and left.
2634 =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
2636 (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many mortal
2637 scalars were allocated and freed.
2639 =item Undefined format "%s" called
2641 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
2642 another package? See L<perlform>.
2644 =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
2646 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps
2647 it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>.
2649 =item Undefined subroutine &%s called
2651 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
2652 has since been undefined.
2654 =item Undefined subroutine called
2656 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined,
2657 or if it was, it has since been undefined.
2659 =item Undefined subroutine in sort
2661 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem to
2662 have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
2664 =item Undefined top format "%s" called
2666 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
2667 another package? See L<perlform>.
2669 =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob
2671 (W) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la C<*foo = undef>.
2672 This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean C<undef *foo>.
2674 =item unexec of %s into %s failed!
2676 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF
2677 representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
2679 =item Unknown BYTEORDER
2681 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte order.
2683 =item unmatched () in regexp
2685 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
2686 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding
2687 the matching parenthesis. See L<perlre>.
2689 =item Unmatched right bracket
2691 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly brackets (braces) than opening
2692 ones, so you're probably missing an opening bracket. As a general
2693 rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place you were
2696 =item unmatched [] in regexp
2698 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
2699 include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it first.
2702 =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
2704 (W) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a reserved word.
2705 It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it somehow, or insert
2706 an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a subroutine.
2708 =item Unrecognized character %s
2710 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character
2711 in your Perl script (or eval). Perhaps you tried to run a compressed
2712 script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
2714 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
2716 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not recognized.
2717 Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names on your system.
2719 =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
2721 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that.
2722 (If you think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's
2723 supplying the bad switch on your behalf.)
2725 =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
2727 (W) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that operation
2728 failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline, PROBABLY
2729 because you forgot to chop() or chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>.
2731 =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called
2733 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
2735 =item Unsupported function fork
2737 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
2739 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors of
2740 Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try changing
2741 the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
2743 =item Unsupported function %s
2745 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
2746 At least, Configure doesn't think so.
2748 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
2750 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at
2751 least that's what Configure thought.
2753 =item Unterminated E<lt>E<gt> operator
2755 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
2756 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and not
2757 finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out earlier in
2758 the line, and you really meant a "less than".
2760 =item Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
2762 (D) Perl versions before 5.004 misinterpreted any type marker followed
2763 by "$" and a digit. For example, "$$0" was incorrectly taken to mean
2764 "${$}0" instead of "${$0}". This bug is (mostly) fixed in Perl 5.004.
2766 However, the developers of Perl 5.004 could not fix this bug completely,
2767 because at least two widely-used modules depend on the old meaning of
2768 "$$0" in a string. So Perl 5.004 still interprets "$$<digit>" in the
2769 old (broken) way inside strings; but it generates this message as a
2770 warning. And in Perl 5.005, this special treatment will cease.
2772 =item Use of $# is deprecated
2774 (D) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly defined B<awk> feature.
2775 Use an explicit printf() or sprintf() instead.
2777 =item Use of $* is deprecated
2779 (D) This variable magically turned on multi-line pattern matching, both for
2780 you and for any luckless subroutine that you happen to call. You should
2781 use the new C<//m> and C<//s> modifiers now to do that without the dangerous
2782 action-at-a-distance effects of C<$*>.
2784 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported
2786 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
2787 only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
2789 =item Use of bare E<lt>E<lt> to mean E<lt>E<lt>"" is deprecated
2791 (D) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form if you
2792 wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
2794 =item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
2796 (D) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you clobber a
2797 subroutine's argument list, so it's better if you assign the results of
2798 a split() explicitly to an array (or list).
2800 =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
2802 (D) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines are looked
2803 up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the subroutines to
2804 be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. C<Foo::bar()>), not
2805 as methods (e.g. C<Foo-E<gt>bar()> or C<$obj-E<gt>bar()>).
2807 This bug will be rectified in Perl 5.005, which will use method lookup
2808 only for methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base
2809 of existing code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an
2810 interim step, Perl 5.004 issues an optional warning when non-methods
2811 use inherited C<AUTOLOAD>s.
2813 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
2814 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used to
2815 depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class named
2816 C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during startup.
2818 In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);> you
2819 should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
2820 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
2822 =item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
2824 (D) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future versions of perl
2825 may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either explicitly quoting
2826 the word in a manner appropriate for its context of use, or using a
2827 different name altogether. The warning can be suppressed for subroutine
2828 names by either adding a C<&> prefix, or using a package qualifier,
2829 e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>.
2831 =item Use of %s is deprecated
2833 (D) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use, generally
2834 because there's a better way to do it, and also because the old way has
2837 =item Use of uninitialized value
2839 (W) An undefined value was used as if it were already defined. It was
2840 interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake. To suppress this
2841 warning assign an initial value to your variables.
2843 =item Useless use of %s in void context
2845 (W) You did something without a side effect in a context that does nothing
2846 with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a value
2847 from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very often
2848 this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl to parse
2849 your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd get this
2850 if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and said
2854 when you meant to say
2856 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
2858 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
2859 reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
2864 when you should have said
2868 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
2869 while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
2870 a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
2871 throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
2872 L<perlref> for more on this.
2874 =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
2876 (W) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was still
2877 valid when C<untie> was called.
2879 =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
2881 (W) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob), C<each()>,
2882 or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs can return a
2883 value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression false, which is
2884 probably not what you intended. When using these constructs in conditional
2885 expressions, test their values with the C<defined> operator.
2887 =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
2889 (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable
2890 that you apparently thought was imported from another module, because
2891 something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported
2892 by that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character
2893 on the front of your variable.
2895 =item Variable "%s" may be unavailable
2897 (W) An inner (nested) I<anonymous> subroutine is inside a I<named>
2898 subroutine, and outside that is another subroutine; and the anonymous
2899 (innermost) subroutine is referencing a lexical variable defined in
2900 the outermost subroutine. For example:
2902 sub outermost { my $a; sub middle { sub { $a } } }
2904 If the anonymous subroutine is called or referenced (directly or
2905 indirectly) from the outermost subroutine, it will share the variable
2906 as you would expect. But if the anonymous subroutine is called or
2907 referenced when the outermost subroutine is not active, it will see
2908 the value of the shared variable as it was before and during the
2909 *first* call to the outermost subroutine, which is probably not what
2912 In these circumstances, it is usually best to make the middle
2913 subroutine anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. Perl has specific
2914 support for shared variables in nested anonymous subroutines; a named
2915 subroutine in between interferes with this feature.
2917 =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
2919 (W) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a lexical
2920 variable defined in an outer subroutine.
2922 When the inner subroutine is called, it will probably see the value of
2923 the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the
2924 *first* call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first
2925 call to the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer
2926 subroutines will no longer share a common value for the variable. In
2927 other words, the variable will no longer be shared.
2929 Furthermore, if the outer subroutine is anonymous and references a
2930 lexical variable outside itself, then the outer and inner subroutines
2931 will I<never> share the given variable.
2933 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
2934 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that
2935 reference variables in outer subroutines are called or referenced,
2936 they are automatically rebound to the current values of such
2939 =item Variable syntax
2941 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
2942 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
2945 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2947 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
2949 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2950 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
2953 are supported and installed on your system.
2954 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
2956 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
2957 settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value.
2958 This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your system
2959 administrator have set up the so-called variable system but Perl could
2960 not use those settings. This was not dead serious, fortunately: there
2961 is a "default locale" called "C" that Perl can and will use, the
2962 script will be run. Before you really fix the problem, however, you
2963 will get the same error message each time you run Perl. How to really
2964 fix the problem can be found in L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
2966 =item Warning: something's wrong
2968 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or
2969 you called it with no args and C<$_> was empty.
2971 =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
2973 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on the
2974 close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk space.
2976 =item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
2978 (S) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that looks like a
2979 binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a term or
2980 unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand function
2981 has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
2985 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
2989 but in actual fact, you got
2993 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
2995 =item Write on closed filehandle
2997 (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before now.
2998 Check your logic flow.
3000 =item X outside of string
3002 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position before
3003 the beginning of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3005 =item x outside of string
3007 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
3008 the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3010 =item Xsub "%s" called in sort
3012 (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet supported.
3014 =item Xsub called in sort
3016 (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet supported.
3018 =item You can't use C<-l> on a filehandle
3020 (F) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file it
3021 already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
3022 Use a filename instead.
3024 =item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
3026 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the
3027 sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip
3028 about what you want. Your best bet is to use the wrapsuid script in
3029 the eg directory to put a setuid C wrapper around your script.
3031 =item You need to quote "%s"
3033 (W) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name. Unfortunately, you
3034 already have a subroutine of that name declared, which means that Perl 5
3035 will try to call the subroutine when the assignment is executed, which is
3036 probably not what you want. (If it IS what you want, put an & in front.)
3038 =item [gs]etsockopt() on closed fd
3040 (W) You tried to get or set a socket option on a closed socket.
3041 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
3042 See L<perlfunc/getsockopt>.
3044 =item \1 better written as $1
3046 (W) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables. The use
3047 of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a
3048 substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form
3049 because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better
3050 if there are more than 9 backreferences.
3052 =item '|' and 'E<lt>' may not both be specified on command line
3054 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
3055 found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to redirect STDIN using
3056 'E<lt>'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.
3058 =item '|' and 'E<gt>' may not both be specified on command line
3060 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
3061 thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and into a pipe to another
3062 command. You need to choose one or the other, though nothing's stopping you
3063 from piping into a program or Perl script which 'splits' output into two
3066 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
3073 =item Got an error from DosAllocMem
3075 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete
3076 version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
3078 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
3080 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form
3088 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix
3089 of a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error
3090 may appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
3091 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in F<README.os2>.
3093 =item PERL_SH_DIR too long
3095 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
3096 C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in F<README.os2>.
3098 =item Process terminated by SIG%s
3100 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix
3101 applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2
3102 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
3103 L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT"