3 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 (W) A warning (optional).
11 (D) A deprecation (optional).
12 (S) A severe warning (default).
13 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
14 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
15 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
16 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
18 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above
19 (W, D & S) can be controlled using the C<warnings> pragma.
21 If a message can be controlled by the C<warnings> pragma, its warning
22 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 Optional warnings are enabled by using the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-w>
26 and B<-W> switches. Warnings may be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}>
27 to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead
28 of printing it. See L<perlvar>.
30 Default warnings are always enabled unless they are explicitly disabled
31 with the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-X> switch.
33 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
34 L<perlfunc/eval>. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively
35 disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the C<warnings> pragma.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
39 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
40 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
41 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
42 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
47 =item A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
49 (W) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily the main
50 thread) exited while there were still other threads running.
51 Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return values of the
52 created threads by joining them, and only then exit from the main
53 thread. See L<threads>.
55 =item accept() on closed socket %s
57 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget
58 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
61 =item Allocation too large: %lx
63 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
65 =item '!' allowed only after types %s
67 (F) The '!' is allowed in pack() or unpack(9 only after certain types.
70 =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
72 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl
73 keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling
74 one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the
75 subroutine is not imported.
77 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
78 before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
79 Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
80 imported with the C<use subs> pragma).
82 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix
83 on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or declare the subroutine
84 to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes"> or
87 =item Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
89 (F) You wrote something like C<tr/a-z-0//> which doesn't mean anything at
90 all. To include a C<-> character in a transliteration, put it either
91 first or last. (In the past, C<tr/a-z-0//> was synonymous with
92 C<tr/a-y//>, which was probably not what you would have expected.)
94 =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
96 (W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
97 you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
98 a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
100 =item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
102 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
103 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to
104 redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.
106 =item '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
108 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
109 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and
110 into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other,
111 though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script
112 which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
114 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
121 =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
123 (W misc) The pattern match (C<//>), substitution (C<s///>), and
124 transliteration (C<tr///>) operators work on scalar values. If you apply
125 one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to
126 a scalar value -- the length of an array, or the population info of a
127 hash -- and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what
128 you meant to do. See L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for
131 =item Args must match #! line
133 (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked
134 with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems
135 impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches;
136 for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>.
138 =item Arg too short for msgsnd
140 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
142 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element
144 (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array element, such as:
149 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
151 (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or array element,
157 or a hash or array slice, such as:
159 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
160 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
162 =item %s argument is not a subroutine name
164 (F) The argument to exists() for C<exists &sub> must be a subroutine
165 name, and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this
168 =item '%s' trapped by operation mask
170 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's
171 disallowed. See L<Safe>.
173 =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
175 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator
176 that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
177 will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
179 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
181 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
182 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
184 =item assertion botched: %s
186 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
188 =item Assertion failed: file "%s"
190 (P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
192 =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar
194 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments
195 must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
196 know which context to supply to the right side.
198 =item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
200 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in
201 the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
203 =item Attempt to clear a restricted hash
205 (F) It is currently not allowed to clear a restricted hash, even if the
206 new hash would contain the same keys as before. This may change in
209 =item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
211 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
212 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
214 =item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
216 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key
217 which is not in its key set.
219 =item Attempt to bless into a reference
221 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be
222 the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've
223 supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
229 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
231 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version
232 of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for
235 bless $self, "$proto";
237 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
239 (P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas
240 that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be
241 outside any of those arenas.
243 =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
245 (P internal) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of
246 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
247 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count
248 of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
250 =item Attempt to free temp prematurely
252 (W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
253 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the
254 SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the
255 free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does
258 =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
260 (P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
262 =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
264 (W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to
265 see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0
266 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed.
267 This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or
268 that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was
269 mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been
272 =item Attempt to join self
274 (F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is an
275 impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or you may need
276 to move the join() to some other thread.
278 =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
280 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
281 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This
282 means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become
283 invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use
284 literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to
287 =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
289 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr()
290 used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to
291 dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>.
293 =item Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %s
295 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl()
296 or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively,
297 S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and
298 S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>.
300 =item Bad evalled substitution pattern
302 (F) You've used the C</e> switch to evaluate the replacement for a
303 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate,
304 most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
306 =item Bad filehandle: %s
308 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
309 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an
310 open(), or did it in another package.
312 =item Bad free() ignored
314 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never
315 been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by
316 setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 0.
318 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with "hard"
319 dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of C<Berkeley DB>
320 which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc().
324 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
326 =item Badly placed ()'s
328 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
329 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
332 =item Bad name after %s::
334 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then
335 didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside
344 $sym = "mypack::$var";
346 =item Bad realloc() ignored
348 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
349 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled
350 by setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
352 =item Bad symbol for array
354 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that
355 wasn't a symbol table entry.
357 =item Bad symbol for filehandle
359 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something
360 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
362 =item Bad symbol for hash
364 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
365 wasn't a symbol table entry.
367 =item Bareword found in conditional
369 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
370 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part
371 of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
375 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as
378 use constant TYPO => 1;
379 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
381 The C<strict> pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
383 =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
385 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
386 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
387 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
389 =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
391 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but the
392 compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps
393 you need to predeclare a package?
395 =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
397 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
398 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
401 =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
403 (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which
404 implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had already
405 occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}> could not
406 be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely
407 depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.
409 =item \1 better written as $1
411 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables.
412 The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a
413 substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form
414 because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if
415 there are more than 9 backreferences.
417 =item Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
419 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
420 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
421 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
423 =item bind() on closed socket %s
425 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to
426 check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>.
428 =item binmode() on closed filehandle %s
430 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never opened.
431 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
433 =item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
435 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
437 =item Bizarre copy of %s in %s
439 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
442 =item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script
444 (F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,
445 which provides a race condition that breaks security.
447 =item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
449 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to
450 iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition
451 which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown.
453 =item Callback called exit
455 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
456 exited by calling exit.
458 =item %s() called too early to check prototype
460 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the
461 parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check
462 that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an
463 early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the
464 subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype
465 checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the
466 function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid
467 the warning. See L<perlsub>.
469 =item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
471 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER compressed
472 integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted
473 to compress something else. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
475 =item Cannot compress integer in pack
477 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The BER
478 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you
479 attempted to compress Infinity or a very large number (> 1e308).
480 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
482 =item Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
484 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed integer
485 format can only be used with positive integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
487 =item Can't bless non-reference value
489 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces"
490 encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>.
492 =item Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
494 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
495 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined
496 in it, let alone methods. See L<perlobj>.
498 =item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
500 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
501 object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something
502 like this will reproduce the error:
505 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
506 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
508 =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
510 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It
511 ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you
512 didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an
513 object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>.
515 =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
517 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
518 object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a
519 defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name.
520 Something like this will reproduce the error:
523 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
524 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
526 =item Can't chdir to %s
528 (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory
529 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
531 =item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
533 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for
536 =item Can't coerce array into hash
538 (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no
539 information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that
540 only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.
542 =item Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
544 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
545 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't
555 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
557 =item Can't coerce %s to number in %s
559 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
560 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
562 =item Can't coerce %s to string in %s
564 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
565 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
567 =item Can't create pipe mailbox
569 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted
570 quotas or other plumbing problems.
572 =item Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s"
574 (F) Currently, only scalar variables can be declared with a specific
575 class qualifier in a "my" or "our" declaration. The semantics may be
576 extended for other types of variables in future.
578 =item Can't declare %s in "%s"
580 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my" or
581 "our" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
583 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
585 (S inplace) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as
586 a file in /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.
588 =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
590 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
593 =item Can't do inplace edit without backup
595 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try
596 reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say
597 C<-i.bak>, or some such.
599 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
601 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14
602 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during
603 inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored.
605 =item Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
607 (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want your
608 regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. The <-- HERE shows in the
609 regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
611 =item Can't do setegid!
613 (P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of
616 =item Can't do seteuid!
618 (P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some reason.
620 =item Can't do setuid
622 (F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to exec suidperl to do
623 setuid emulation, but couldn't exec it. It looks for a name of the form
624 sperl5.000 in the same directory that the perl executable resides under
625 the name perl5.000, typically /usr/local/bin on Unix machines. If the
626 file is there, check the execute permissions. If it isn't, ask your
627 sysadmin why he and/or she removed it.
629 =item Can't do waitpid with flags
631 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
632 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
634 =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line
636 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
637 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #!
640 =item Can't exec "%s": %s
642 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the
643 named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the
644 permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in
645 C<$ENV{PATH}>, the executable in question was compiled for another
646 architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that
647 can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support
652 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because
653 that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may
654 need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
656 =item Can't execute %s
658 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute
659 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
661 =item Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
663 (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but there
664 is no builtin with the name C<word>.
666 =item Can't find %s character property "%s"
668 (F) You used C<\p{}> or C<\P{}> but the character property by that name
669 could not be found. Maybe you misspelled the name of the property
670 (remember that the names of character properties consist only of
671 alphanumeric characters), or maybe you forgot the C<Is> or C<In> prefix?
673 =item Can't find label %s
675 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's
676 possible for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
678 =item Can't find %s on PATH
680 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
683 =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
685 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
686 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The
687 script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
689 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
691 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means
692 that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count
693 nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis:
695 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
697 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have included
698 unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's
699 editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
701 =item Can't find %s property definition %s
703 (F) You may have tried to use C<\p> which means a Unicode property (for
704 example C<\p{Lu}> is all uppercase letters). If you did mean to use a
705 Unicode property, see L<perlunicode> for the list of known properties.
706 If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either
707 by C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, until
712 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
715 =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
717 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference
718 between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes.
719 Under VMS, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in
720 the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into
721 account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all
722 the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to
723 the access checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using
724 the device name and FID present in the stat buffer, but this works only
725 if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine,
726 because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning
727 appears, the name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up
728 and returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access checking
729 routine knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you
730 shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises
731 only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.)
733 =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name
735 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
736 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
738 =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
740 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your
741 mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
743 =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
745 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach
746 loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
748 =item Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
750 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look like
751 a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if
752 you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no.
753 See L<perlfunc/goto>.
755 =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string
757 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
758 "string". (You can use it to jump out of an eval {BLOCK}, but you
759 probably don't want to.)
761 =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
763 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
764 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
765 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
766 routine anyway. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
768 =item Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
770 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
771 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
772 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child
773 processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This
774 situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl
775 may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
777 =item Can't "last" outside a loop block
779 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
780 except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current
781 block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish"
782 block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep(). You can
783 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the
784 inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See
787 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s
789 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
790 lexical variable using "my". This is not allowed. If you want to
791 localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the
794 =item Can't localize through a reference
796 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
797 handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref
798 pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure
799 that $ref will still be a reference.
801 =item Can't locate %s
803 (F) You said to C<do> (or C<require>, or C<use>) a file that couldn't be
804 found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in @INC,
805 unless the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you
806 need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where
807 the extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name
808 to @INC. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See
809 L<perlfunc/require> and L<lib>.
811 =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
813 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
814 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes
815 are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit>
816 the file, say, by doing C<make install>.
818 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
820 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
821 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
822 method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>.
824 =item Can't locate PerlIO%s
826 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
827 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
829 =item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
831 (F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
832 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means
833 that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
835 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
837 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that
838 doesn't seem to exist.
840 =item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
842 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably
845 =item Can't modify %s in %s
847 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try
848 to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
850 =item Can't modify nonexistent substring
852 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed
855 =item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call
857 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as
858 such, see L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
860 =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var
862 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
865 =item Can't "next" outside a loop block
867 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
868 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
869 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or
870 grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
871 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops
872 once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
874 =item Can't open %s: %s
876 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >>
877 filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line
878 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this
879 is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named on
882 =item Can't open a reference
884 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
885 using the 3-arg open() syntax :
889 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form of
890 open is not supported.
892 =item Can't open bidirectional pipe
894 (W pipe) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported.
895 You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such
896 as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using
897 ">", and then read it in under a different file handle.
899 =item Can't open error file %s as stderr
901 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
902 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on
903 the command line for writing.
905 =item Can't open input file %s as stdin
907 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
908 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
909 command line for reading.
911 =item Can't open output file %s as stdout
913 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
914 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on
915 the command line for writing.
917 =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
919 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
920 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined
923 =item Can't open perl script%s: %s
925 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
927 =item Can't read CRTL environ
929 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV
930 from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was
931 missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ
932 or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not
935 =item Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s
937 (F) Perl optimizes the internal handling of sort subroutines and keeps
938 pointers into them. You tried to redefine one such sort subroutine when
939 it was currently active, which is not allowed. If you really want to do
940 this, you should write C<sort { &func } @x> instead of C<sort func @x>.
942 =item Can't "redo" outside a loop block
944 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
945 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
946 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map()
947 or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
948 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that
949 loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>.
951 =item Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
953 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
954 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with
955 the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
957 =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
959 (S inplace) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason,
960 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
962 =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
964 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried
965 to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
967 =item Can't resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
969 (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as opposed
970 to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the package. If
971 method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
973 =item Can't reswap uid and euid
975 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of
978 =item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
980 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
981 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This
984 =item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
986 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue subroutine,
987 but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl think you meant
988 to return only one value. You probably meant to write parentheses around
989 the call to the subroutine, which tell Perl that the call should be in
992 =item Can't return outside a subroutine
994 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
995 there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>.
997 =item Can't stat script "%s"
999 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it
1000 open already. Bizarre.
1002 =item Can't swap uid and euid
1004 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of
1007 =item Can't take log of %g
1009 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
1010 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
1011 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the
1014 =item Can't take sqrt of %g
1016 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1017 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard
1018 with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1020 =item Can't undef active subroutine
1022 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can,
1023 however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the
1024 redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure.
1028 (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted, such
1029 as the main Perl stack.
1031 =item Can't upgrade that kind of scalar
1033 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making it
1034 into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are so
1035 specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message
1036 indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1038 =item Can't upgrade to undef
1040 (P) The undefined SV is the bottom of the totem pole, in the scheme of
1041 upgradability. Upgrading to undef indicates an error in the code
1044 =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1046 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
1047 be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
1049 =item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1051 (P) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol
1052 table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous
1053 for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>.
1055 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1057 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1058 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1060 =item Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1062 (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the
1063 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
1064 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
1066 =item Can't use %s for loop variable
1068 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a
1071 =item Can't use global %s in "my"
1073 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This
1074 is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location
1075 (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to
1076 have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
1079 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1081 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
1082 You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator,
1083 and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
1084 Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
1087 =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1089 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
1090 reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1091 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1093 =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1095 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1096 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1098 =item Can't use subscript on %s
1100 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1101 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1102 didn't look like an array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
1104 =item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1106 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that
1107 creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a
1108 backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular
1109 expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a
1110 value that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form
1113 =item Can't weaken a nonreference
1115 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only
1116 references can be weakened.
1118 =item Can't x= to read-only value
1120 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value)
1121 with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
1122 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
1124 =item Character in "C" format wrapped in pack
1130 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the C<"C"> format is
1131 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1132 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1136 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1139 =item Character in "c" format wrapped in pack
1145 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the C<"c"> format
1146 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1147 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1149 pack("c", $x & 255);
1151 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1154 =item Code missing after '/'
1156 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be another
1157 template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1159 =item close() on unopened filehandle %s
1161 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1163 =item %s: Command not found
1165 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1166 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1168 =item Compilation failed in require
1170 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement.
1171 Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it
1172 encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately.
1174 =item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1176 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1177 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited
1178 to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow
1179 arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without
1180 recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string
1181 under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather than
1182 in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so
1183 that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlfaq2> for information
1184 on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.)
1186 =item cond_broadcast() called on unlocked variable
1188 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1189 cond_broadcast() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_broadcast()
1190 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a
1191 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread
1192 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to
1193 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed
1194 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
1198 =item cond_signal() called on unlocked variable
1200 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1201 cond_signal() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_signal()
1202 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a
1203 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread
1204 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to
1205 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed
1206 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
1209 =item connect() on closed socket %s
1211 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget
1212 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1213 L<perlfunc/connect>.
1215 =item Constant(%s)%s: %s
1217 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to define
1218 an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character name
1219 specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you forgot to load the
1220 corresponding C<overload> or C<charnames> pragma? See L<charnames> and
1223 =item Constant is not %s reference
1225 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the C<use constant> pragma)
1226 is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference.
1227 The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This
1228 usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value.
1229 See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> and L<constant>.
1231 =item Constant subroutine %s redefined
1233 (S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been
1234 eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for
1235 commentary and workarounds.
1237 =item Constant subroutine %s undefined
1239 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible
1240 for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
1243 =item Copy method did not return a reference
1245 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See
1246 L<overload/Copy Constructor>.
1248 =item CORE::%s is not a keyword
1250 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1252 =item corrupted regexp pointers
1254 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1255 expression compiler gave it.
1257 =item corrupted regexp program
1259 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a
1262 =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
1264 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
1266 =item Count after length/code in unpack
1268 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but
1269 you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1272 =item C<-p> destination: %s
1274 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
1275 command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
1276 redirected it with select().)
1278 =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
1280 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
1281 know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
1283 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1285 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly)
1286 100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an
1287 infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in
1288 which case it indicates something else.
1290 =item defined(@array) is deprecated
1292 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it
1293 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the
1294 array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example.
1296 =item defined(%hash) is deprecated
1298 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it
1299 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the hash
1300 is empty, just use C<if (%hash) { # not empty }> for example.
1302 =item %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1304 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1305 there are neither package declarations nor a C<$VERSION>.
1307 =item Delimiter for here document is too long
1309 (F) In a here document construct like C<<<FOO>, the label C<FOO> is too
1310 long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code
1311 that triggers this error.
1313 =item Did not produce a valid header
1317 =item %s did not return a true value
1319 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
1320 it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
1321 traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would
1322 do. See L<perlfunc/require>.
1324 =item (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1326 (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some
1329 =item (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1331 (W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global
1332 variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which
1335 =item (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1337 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1338 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got
1343 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or
1344 you called it with no args and both C<$@> and C<$_> were empty.
1346 =item Document contains no data
1350 =item %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1352 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1353 define a C<$VERSION.>
1355 =item '/' does not take a repeat count
1357 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code.
1358 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1360 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
1362 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1364 =item do_study: out of memory
1366 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1368 =item (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1370 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
1371 found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
1372 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be
1373 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
1374 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're referencing
1375 something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the
1376 subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty
1377 "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1379 =item dump() better written as CORE::dump()
1381 (W misc) You used the obsolescent C<dump()> built-in function, without fully
1382 qualifying it as C<CORE::dump()>. Maybe it's a typo. See L<perlfunc/dump>.
1384 =item Duplicate free() ignored
1386 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1389 =item elseif should be elsif
1391 (S) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's ugly.
1392 Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named
1393 "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is
1394 unlikely to be what you want.
1398 (F) C<\p> and C<\P> are used to introduce a named Unicode property, as
1399 described in L<perlunicode> and L<perlre>. You used C<\p> or C<\P> in
1400 a regular expression without specifying the property name.
1402 =item entering effective %s failed
1404 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
1405 effective uids or gids failed.
1407 =item Error converting file specification %s
1409 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file
1410 specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a
1411 single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed
1412 an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the
1413 conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1415 =item %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1417 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1418 expression that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which
1419 is unsafe. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>.
1421 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time
1423 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the
1424 C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1425 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, it
1426 is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly
1427 building the pattern from an interpolated string at run time and using
1428 that in an eval(). See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1430 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
1432 (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width
1433 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'>
1434 pragma is in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1436 =item Excessively long <> operator
1438 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a
1439 Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
1440 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a
1441 variable and glob that.
1443 =item exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
1445 (F) The C<exec> function is not implemented in MacPerl. See L<perlport>.
1447 =item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors
1449 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
1451 =item Exiting eval via %s
1453 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a
1454 goto, or a loop control statement.
1456 =item Exiting format via %s
1458 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such as a
1459 goto, or a loop control statement.
1461 =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s
1463 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a
1464 sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a
1465 loop control statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
1467 =item Exiting subroutine via %s
1469 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such
1470 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
1472 =item Exiting substitution via %s
1474 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such
1475 as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
1477 =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
1479 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has
1480 the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is
1481 usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package,
1482 e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
1484 =item %s: Expression syntax
1486 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1487 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1489 =item %s failed--call queue aborted
1491 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a CHECK, INIT, or
1492 END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the queue of such
1493 routines has been prematurely ended.
1495 =item False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1497 (W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a literal
1498 character, not another character class like C<\d> or C<[:alpha:]>. The "-"
1499 in your false range is interpreted as a literal "-". Consider quoting the
1500 "-", "\-". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
1501 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
1503 =item Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
1505 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
1506 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more
1507 details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell
1508 you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
1510 =item fcntl is not implemented
1512 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a
1513 PDP-11 or something?
1515 =item Filehandle %s opened only for input
1517 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended
1518 it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or
1519 "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to
1520 write the file, use ">" or ">>". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1522 =item Filehandle %s opened only for output
1524 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If
1525 you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it
1526 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
1527 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1528 Another possibility is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0
1529 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed STDIN earlier?).
1531 =item Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
1533 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
1534 as STDOUT or STDERR. This occured because you closed STDOUT or STDERR
1537 =item Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
1539 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
1540 as STDIN. This occured because you closed STDIN previously.
1542 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name
1544 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be
1545 a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
1546 happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the
1549 =item Final @ should be \@ or @name
1551 (F) You must now decide whether the final @ in a string was meant to be
1552 a literal "at" sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
1553 happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the
1556 =item flock() on closed filehandle %s
1558 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed
1559 some time before now. Check your control flow. flock() operates on
1560 filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the
1563 =item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1565 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you
1566 meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
1567 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
1569 =item Format not terminated
1571 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
1572 to the end of your file without finding such a line.
1574 =item Format %s redefined
1576 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
1579 no warnings 'redefine';
1580 eval "format NAME =...";
1583 =item Found = in conditional, should be ==
1593 (or something like that).
1595 =item %s found where operator expected
1597 (S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator. If it
1598 sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an
1599 operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an
1600 operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
1602 =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
1604 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
1606 =item gethostent not implemented
1608 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably
1609 because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname
1612 =item get%sname() on closed socket %s
1614 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed
1615 socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
1617 =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
1619 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the
1620 C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC.
1622 =item getsockopt() on closed socket %s
1624 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
1625 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1626 L<perlfunc/getsockopt>.
1628 =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
1630 (F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates that all variables
1631 must either be lexically scoped (using "my"), declared beforehand using
1632 "our", or explicitly qualified to say which package the global variable
1635 =item glob failed (%s)
1637 (W glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
1638 C<glob> and C<< <*.c> >>. Usually, this means that you supplied a
1639 C<glob> pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
1640 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
1641 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell) is
1642 broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables in
1643 config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it
1644 were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them all
1645 empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will
1646 think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run
1647 C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl.
1649 =item Glob not terminated
1651 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
1652 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
1653 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
1654 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
1656 =item Got an error from DosAllocMem
1658 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete
1659 version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
1661 =item goto must have label
1663 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
1664 unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
1666 =item ()-group starts with a count
1668 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is
1669 supposed to follow something: a template character or a ()-group.
1670 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1672 =item %s had compilation errors
1674 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails.
1676 =item Had to create %s unexpectedly
1678 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought
1679 to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be
1680 created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
1682 =item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
1684 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some
1685 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
1687 =item %s has too many errors
1689 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
1690 Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
1692 =item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
1694 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
1695 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
1696 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
1698 =item Identifier too long
1700 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to
1701 about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound
1702 names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions
1703 of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.
1705 =item Illegal binary digit %s
1707 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
1709 =item Illegal binary digit %s ignored
1711 (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
1712 binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the
1715 =item Illegal character %s (carriage return)
1717 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
1718 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this error
1719 when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason, your
1720 version of Perl appears to have been built without this support. Talk
1721 to your Perl administrator.
1723 =item Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
1725 (W syntax) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration. Legal
1726 characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, and \.
1728 =item Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
1730 (F) When using the C<sub> keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine,
1731 you must always specify a block of code. See L<perlsub>.
1733 =item Illegal division by zero
1735 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in
1736 your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
1739 =item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
1741 (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or
1742 A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal
1743 number stopped before the illegal character.
1745 =item Illegal modulus zero
1747 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
1748 numbers don't take to this kindly.
1750 =item Illegal number of bits in vec
1752 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of
1753 two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
1755 =item Illegal octal digit %s
1757 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1759 =item Illegal octal digit %s ignored
1761 (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1762 Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
1764 =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s
1766 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
1767 following switches: B<-[DIMUdmtw]>.
1769 =item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
1771 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's
1772 internal environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=>
1773 delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored.
1775 =item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
1777 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical
1778 name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and
1779 didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was
1782 =item Impossible to activate assertion call
1784 (W assertions) You're calling an assertion function in a block that is
1785 not under the control of the C<assertions> pragma.
1787 =item (in cleanup) %s
1789 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised
1790 the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the
1791 system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of
1792 times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that
1793 would otherwise result in the same message being repeated.
1795 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag could
1796 also result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>.
1798 =item In EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647
1800 (F) An error peculiar to EBCDIC. Internally, v-strings are stored as
1801 Unicode code points, and encoded in EBCDIC as UTF-EBCDIC. The UTF-EBCDIC
1802 encoding is limited to code points no larger than 2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF).
1804 =item Insecure dependency in %s
1806 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like.
1807 The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or
1808 setgid, or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The
1809 tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly
1810 from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any
1811 such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See
1812 L<perlsec> for more information.
1814 =item Insecure directory in %s
1816 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
1817 setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by
1818 the world. See L<perlsec>.
1820 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
1822 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
1823 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>,
1824 C<$ENV{ENV}>, C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> or C<$ENV{TERM}> are derived from data
1825 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set
1826 the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>.
1828 =item Integer overflow in %s number
1830 (W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified
1831 either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for
1832 your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number.
1833 On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number
1834 representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or
1835 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl
1836 transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation
1837 internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent
1840 =item Integer overflow in version
1842 (F) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for the
1843 size of integers for your architecture. This is not a warning
1844 because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use a
1845 element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually caused by
1846 trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like
1849 =item Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1851 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
1852 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
1855 =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
1857 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of times
1858 you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine whether the current call
1859 to C<exec> should affect the current script or a subprocess (see
1860 L<perlvms/"exec LIST">). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so
1861 Perl is making a guess and treating this C<exec> as a request to
1862 terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command.
1864 =item Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1866 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The
1867 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
1870 =item %s (...) interpreted as function
1872 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator
1873 followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list
1874 operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
1875 L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>.
1877 =item Invalid %s attribute: %s
1879 The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized
1880 by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
1882 =item Invalid %s attributes: %s
1884 The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
1885 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
1887 =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
1889 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See
1890 L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
1892 =item Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1894 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
1895 greater than the maximum character. One possibility is that you forgot the
1896 C<{}> from your ending C<\x{}> - C<\x> without the curly braces can go only
1897 up to C<ff>. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
1898 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
1900 =item Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
1902 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
1903 character greater than the maximum character. See L<perlop>.
1905 =item Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
1907 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
1908 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
1909 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
1912 =item Invalid type '%s' in %s
1914 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type.
1915 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1916 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be
1919 =item Invalid version format (multiple underscores)
1921 (F) Versions may contain at most a single underscore, which signals
1922 that the version is a beta release. See L<version> for the allowed
1925 =item Invalid version format (underscores before decimal)
1927 (F) Versions may not contain decimals after the optional underscore.
1928 See L<version> for the allowed version formats.
1930 =item ioctl is not implemented
1932 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty
1933 strange for a machine that supports C.
1935 =item ioctl() on unopened %s
1937 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened.
1938 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
1940 =item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
1942 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
1943 neither as a system call or an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
1945 =item `%s' is not a code reference
1947 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of overload::constant
1948 needs to be a code reference. Either an anonymous subroutine, or a reference
1951 =item `%s' is not an overloadable type
1953 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is
1956 =item junk on end of regexp
1958 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
1960 =item Label not found for "last %s"
1962 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop
1963 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1966 =item Label not found for "next %s"
1968 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of
1969 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1972 =item Label not found for "redo %s"
1974 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of
1975 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1978 =item leaving effective %s failed
1980 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
1981 effective uids or gids failed.
1983 =item length/code after end of string in unpack
1985 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was alread used up when an unpack
1986 length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in
1987 an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1989 =item listen() on closed socket %s
1991 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget
1992 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1995 =item lstat() on filehandle %s
1997 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
1998 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat()
1999 instead on the filehandle.)
2001 =item Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet
2003 (F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array and hash
2004 values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context. See
2005 L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
2007 =item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2009 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can
2010 handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release. The <-- HERE
2011 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
2013 =item Malformed integer in [] in pack
2015 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
2016 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2018 =item Malformed integer in [] in unpack
2020 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
2021 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2023 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
2025 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form
2032 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix of
2033 a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may
2034 appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
2035 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in L<perlos2>.
2037 =item Malformed prototype for %s: %s
2039 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
2040 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check for
2041 obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check is run
2042 when the function is called.
2044 =item Malformed UTF-8 character (%s)
2046 Perl detected something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding rules.
2048 One possible cause is that you read in data that you thought to be in
2049 UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy 8-bit data). Another
2050 possibility is careless use of utf8::upgrade().
2052 =item Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
2054 Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while
2055 doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
2057 =item %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2059 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
2060 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. The <-- HERE
2061 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
2064 =item "%s" may clash with future reserved word
2066 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a perl4
2067 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is
2070 =item % may not be used in pack
2072 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
2073 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way.
2074 See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
2076 =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
2078 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2079 doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2081 =item Method %s not permitted
2085 =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
2087 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused
2088 by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually
2089 ended earlier on the current line.
2091 =item Misplaced _ in number
2093 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
2094 separate two digits.
2096 =item Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}
2098 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within
2099 double-quotish context.
2101 =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function
2103 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
2104 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
2106 =item Missing command in piped open
2108 (W pipe) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or
2109 C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or
2112 =item Missing control char name in \c
2114 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required control
2117 =item Missing name in "my sub"
2119 (F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that
2120 they have a name with which they can be found.
2122 =item Missing $ on loop variable
2124 (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables
2125 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it
2126 can vary from one line to the next.
2128 =item (Missing operator before %s?)
2130 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
2131 found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
2133 =item Missing right brace on %s
2135 (F) Missing right brace in C<\p{...}> or C<\P{...}>.
2137 =item Missing right curly or square bracket
2139 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing
2140 ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you
2143 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
2145 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
2146 found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
2147 the previous line just because you saw this message.
2149 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted
2151 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
2152 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
2153 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
2155 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
2158 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string.
2160 Yet another way is to assign to a C<foreach> loop I<VAR> when I<VAR>
2161 is aliased to a constant in the look I<LIST>:
2164 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
2165 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to modify the 2
2168 =item Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
2170 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
2171 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array
2174 =item Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
2176 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
2177 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
2179 =item Module name must be constant
2181 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use".
2183 =item Module name required with -%c option
2185 (F) The C<-M> or C<-m> options say that Perl should load some module, but
2186 you omitted the name of the module. Consult L<perlrun> for full details
2187 about C<-M> and C<-m>.
2189 =item More than one argument to open
2191 (F) The C<open> function has been asked to open multiple files. This
2192 can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes a
2193 list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open mode.
2194 See L<perlfunc/open> for details.
2196 =item msg%s not implemented
2198 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
2200 =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
2202 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>.
2203 They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
2205 =item '/' must be followed by 'a*', 'A*' or 'Z*'
2207 (F) You had a pack template indicating a counted-length string,
2208 Currently the only things that can have their length counted are a*, A*
2209 or Z*. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2211 =item '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
2213 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not
2214 follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
2215 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2217 =item "my sub" not yet implemented
2219 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try
2222 =item "my" variable %s can't be in a package
2224 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make
2225 sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use
2226 local() if you want to localize a package variable.
2228 =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
2230 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
2231 If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention it
2232 again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> declaration is
2233 provided for this purpose.
2235 =item Negative '/' count in unpack
2237 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was
2238 negative. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2240 =item Negative length
2242 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
2243 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
2245 =item Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
2247 (F) When C<vec> is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be
2248 greater than or equal to zero.
2250 =item Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2252 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. So
2253 things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The <-- HERE shows in the regular
2254 expression about where the problem was discovered.
2256 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and
2257 C<??> appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>.
2259 =item %s never introduced
2261 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of
2262 scope before it could possibly have been used.
2264 =item No %s allowed while running setuid
2266 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or
2267 setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there
2268 will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
2269 securable. See L<perlsec>.
2271 =item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
2273 (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
2275 =item No comma allowed after %s
2277 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not
2278 allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments.
2279 Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
2281 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
2282 constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such
2283 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating system
2284 does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an
2285 explicit import list for the constants you expect to see, please see
2286 L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an explicit import list
2287 would probably have caught this error earlier it naturally does not
2288 remedy the fact that your operating system still does not support that
2289 constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the symbol import
2290 list of B<use> or B<import> or in the constant name at the line where
2291 this error was triggered?
2293 =item No command into which to pipe on command line
2295 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2296 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
2297 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
2299 =item No DB::DB routine defined
2301 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
2302 for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof) didn't
2303 define a routine to be called at the beginning of each statement. Which
2304 is odd, because the file should have been required automatically, and
2305 should have blown up the require if it didn't parse right.
2307 =item No dbm on this machine
2309 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should
2310 supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>.
2312 =item No DBsub routine
2314 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch,
2315 but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof)
2316 didn't define a DB::sub routine to be called at the beginning of each
2317 ordinary subroutine call.
2319 =item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
2321 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2322 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't
2323 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
2325 =item No group ending character '%c' found in template
2327 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
2328 matching counterpart. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2330 =item No input file after < on command line
2332 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2333 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the
2334 name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
2338 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2339 even on machines that don't support the #! construct.
2341 =item "no" not allowed in expression
2343 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
2344 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
2346 =item No output file after > on command line
2348 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2349 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it
2350 doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
2352 =item No output file after > or >> on command line
2354 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2355 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't
2356 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.
2358 =item No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
2360 (F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our"
2361 declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing
2362 semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
2364 =item No Perl script found in input
2366 (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning
2367 with #! and containing the word "perl".
2369 =item No setregid available
2371 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for
2374 =item No setreuid available
2376 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
2379 =item No space allowed after -%c
2381 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
2382 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
2384 =item No %s specified for -%c
2386 (F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but
2387 you haven't specified one.
2389 =item No such class %s
2391 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my" or "our" declaration, but
2392 this class doesn't exist at this point in your program.
2394 =item No such pipe open
2396 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to
2397 close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught
2398 earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
2400 =item No such signal: SIG%s
2402 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was
2403 not recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal
2404 names on your system.
2406 =item Not a CODE reference
2408 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2409 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2410 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2413 =item Not a format reference
2415 (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous
2416 format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist.
2418 =item Not a GLOB reference
2420 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is, a
2421 symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to
2422 something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out what
2423 kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2425 =item Not a HASH reference
2427 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a
2428 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function to
2429 find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2431 =item Not an ARRAY reference
2433 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found
2434 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2435 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2437 =item Not a perl script
2439 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2440 even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The line must
2443 =item Not a SCALAR reference
2445 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found
2446 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2447 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2449 =item Not a subroutine reference
2451 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2452 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2453 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2456 =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table
2458 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2459 doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2461 =item Not enough arguments for %s
2463 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
2465 =item Not enough format arguments
2467 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line
2468 supplied. See L<perlform>.
2472 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
2473 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2476 =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
2478 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
2479 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent
2480 to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
2481 F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which
2482 need to be added to UTC to get local time.
2484 =item Null filename used
2486 (F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many
2487 machines that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
2489 =item NULL OP IN RUN
2491 (P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
2494 =item Null picture in formline
2496 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
2497 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
2498 supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>.
2502 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
2504 =item NULL regexp argument
2506 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
2508 =item NULL regexp parameter
2510 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
2512 =item Number too long
2514 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to
2515 about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
2516 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In
2517 the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of
2520 =item Octal number in vector unsupported
2522 (F) Numbers with a leading C<0> are not currently allowed in vectors.
2523 The octal number interpretation of such numbers may be supported in a
2526 =item Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
2528 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
2529 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
2530 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
2532 See also L<perlport> for writing portable code.
2534 =item Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
2536 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number of
2537 arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
2539 =item Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
2541 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
2542 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2544 =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment
2546 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
2547 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2549 =item Offset outside string
2551 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with an offset
2552 pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to imagine. The sole
2553 exception to this is that C<sysread()>ing past the buffer will extend
2554 the buffer and zero pad the new area.
2556 =item -%s on unopened filehandle %s
2558 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle
2559 that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
2561 =item %s() on unopened %s
2563 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was
2564 never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket()
2565 call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
2569 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2573 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2575 =item Operation `%s': no method found, %s
2577 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no
2578 handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms
2579 of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless
2580 C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be true. See L<overload>.
2582 =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s
2584 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser
2585 was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to
2586 use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For
2587 example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you said
2590 =item "our" variable %s redeclared
2592 (W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before
2593 in the current lexical scope.
2595 =item Out of memory!
2597 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
2598 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has
2599 no option but to exit immediately.
2601 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your
2602 process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use C<limit> and
2603 C<limit datasize n> (where C<n> is the number of kilobytes) to check
2604 the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use C<ulimit -a>
2605 and C<ulimit -d n>, respectively.
2607 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
2609 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
2610 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
2611 the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a
2612 possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
2614 =item Out of memory during request for %s
2616 (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
2617 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
2620 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
2621 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable.
2622 However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as an
2623 emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the error
2624 is trappable I<once>, and the error message will include the line and file
2625 where the failed request happened.
2627 =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request
2629 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error
2630 is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g.,
2631 C<$arr[time]> instead of C<$arr[$time]>.
2633 =item Out of memory for yacc stack
2635 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
2636 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
2639 =item '@' outside of string in unpack
2641 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
2642 the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2644 =item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
2646 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
2647 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself
2648 some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a
2649 mixed-case attribute name, instead. See L<attributes>.
2653 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a
2654 page. See L<perlform>.
2658 (P) An internal error.
2660 =item panic: ck_grep
2662 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
2664 =item panic: ck_split
2666 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.
2668 =item panic: corrupt saved stack index
2670 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than
2671 there are in the savestack.
2673 =item panic: del_backref
2675 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak
2680 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
2681 it wasn't an eval context.
2683 =item panic: pp_match%s
2685 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational
2688 =item panic: do_subst
2690 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational
2693 =item panic: do_trans_%s
2695 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid operational
2700 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible.
2704 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label,
2705 and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in.
2707 =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD
2709 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
2711 =item panic: INTERPCONCAT
2713 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
2715 =item panic: kid popen errno read
2717 (F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno.
2721 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered
2722 it wasn't a block context.
2724 =item panic: leave_scope clearsv
2726 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
2729 =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency
2731 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
2732 invalid enum on the top of it.
2734 =item panic: magic_killbackrefs
2736 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak
2737 references to an object.
2741 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
2743 =item panic: mapstart
2745 (P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the map() function.
2747 =item panic: null array
2749 (P) One of the internal array routines was passed a null AV pointer.
2751 =item panic: pad_alloc
2753 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2754 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2756 =item panic: pad_free curpad
2758 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2759 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2761 =item panic: pad_free po
2763 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2765 =item panic: pad_reset curpad
2767 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2768 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2770 =item panic: pad_sv po
2772 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2774 =item panic: pad_swipe curpad
2776 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2777 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2779 =item panic: pad_swipe po
2781 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2783 =item panic: pp_iter
2785 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
2787 =item panic: pp_split
2789 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
2791 =item panic: realloc
2793 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
2795 =item panic: restartop
2797 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and
2798 didn't supply the destination.
2802 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and
2803 then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
2805 =item panic: scan_num
2807 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
2809 =item panic: sv_insert
2811 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there
2814 =item panic: top_env
2816 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
2820 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
2822 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
2824 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
2825 to even) byte length.
2827 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
2829 (W parenthesis) You said something like
2835 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
2837 Remember that "my", "our", and "local" bind tighter than comma.
2839 =item Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped
2841 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
2842 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since
2843 you upgraded, anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>.
2845 =item PERL_SH_DIR too long
2847 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
2848 C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>.
2850 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2852 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
2854 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2855 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
2858 are supported and installed on your system.
2859 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
2861 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
2862 settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value.
2863 This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your operating
2864 system supplier and/or system administrator have set up the so-called
2865 locale system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not
2866 dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale" called "C" that
2867 Perl can and will use, the script will be run. Before you really fix
2868 the problem, however, you will get the same error message each time
2869 you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in
2870 L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
2872 =item perlio: argument list not closed for layer "%s"
2874 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O system you
2875 forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers take care of transforming
2876 data between external and internal representations.) Perl stopped parsing
2877 the layer list at this point and did not attempt to push this layer.
2878 If your program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
2879 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
2881 =item perlio: invalid separator character %s in layer specification list %s
2883 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other than a
2884 colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list.
2885 If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that
2886 list was terminated too soon.
2888 =item perlio: unknown layer "%s"
2890 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O
2891 system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and
2892 internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>,
2893 are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't
2894 explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the
2895 value of the environment variable PERLIO.
2897 =item Permission denied
2899 (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.
2901 =item pid %x not a child
2903 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a
2904 process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is
2905 fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
2907 =item 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
2909 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
2911 =item POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2913 (W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go
2914 I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example:
2915 /[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently
2916 implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and will
2917 cause fatal errors. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
2918 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
2920 =item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2922 (F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
2923 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions.
2924 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
2925 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
2926 backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
2927 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
2929 =item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2931 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
2932 with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions. If you
2933 need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression
2934 character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[="
2935 and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
2936 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
2938 =item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2940 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The <-- HERE
2941 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
2942 Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix
2943 the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>,
2944 not C<isprint>. See L<perlre>.
2946 =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
2948 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
2949 the BSD version, which takes a pid.
2951 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
2953 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
2954 strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as
2955 literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the
2956 parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
2958 You probably wrote something like this:
2965 when you should have written this:
2972 If you really want comments, build your list the
2973 old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas:
2977 'b', # another comment
2980 =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas
2982 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
2983 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
2984 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
2987 You probably wrote something like this:
2991 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without
2992 commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
2996 =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
2998 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for.
2999 Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the
3000 end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
3001 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
3003 =item Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator
3005 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction
3006 with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
3008 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
3010 This expression is actually equivalent to C<$x & ($y == 0)>, due to the
3011 higher precedence of C<==>. This is probably not what you want. (If you
3012 really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, write
3013 C<$x & ($y == 0 ? 1 : 0)>).
3015 =item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
3017 (W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted string
3018 but there was no array C<@foo> in scope at the time. If you wanted a
3019 literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened
3020 to the array you apparently lost track of.
3022 =item Possible Y2K bug: %s
3024 (W y2k) You are concatenating the number 19 with another number, which
3025 could be a potential Year 2000 problem.
3027 =item pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead
3029 (D deprecated) You have written something like this:
3033 use attrs qw(locked);
3036 You should use the new declaration syntax instead.
3042 The C<use attrs> pragma is now obsolete, and is only provided for
3043 backward-compatibility. See L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes">.
3045 =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
3047 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
3051 is now misinterpreted as
3055 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and
3056 list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put
3057 parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead
3060 =item Premature end of script headers
3064 =item printf() on closed filehandle %s
3066 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
3067 before now. Check your control flow.
3069 =item print() on closed filehandle %s
3071 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime
3072 before now. Check your control flow.
3074 =item Process terminated by SIG%s
3076 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix
3077 applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2
3078 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
3079 L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT"
3082 =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
3084 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been
3085 declared or defined with a different function prototype.
3087 =item Prototype not terminated
3089 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
3092 =item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3094 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of the
3095 {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where
3096 the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3098 =item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3100 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where
3101 it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the
3102 quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match
3103 "abc" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is
3104 C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>.
3106 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3109 =item Range iterator outside integer range
3111 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".."
3112 are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally.
3113 One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment
3114 by prepending "0" to your numbers.
3116 =item read() on closed filehandle %s
3118 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
3120 =item read() on unopened filehandle %s
3122 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
3124 =item readline() on closed filehandle %s
3126 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
3127 before now. Check your control flow.
3129 =item Reallocation too large: %lx
3131 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
3133 =item realloc() of freed memory ignored
3135 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
3138 =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch
3140 (F debugging) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce
3141 the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
3142 which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
3144 =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
3146 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were used. Probably indicates
3147 an unintended loop in your inheritance hierarchy.
3149 =item Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method %s
3151 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while invoking
3152 a method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance
3155 =item Reference found where even-sized list expected
3157 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list
3158 with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This usually
3159 means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant to use
3160 parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>.
3162 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
3163 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
3164 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
3165 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
3167 =item Reference is already weak
3169 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak.
3170 Doing so has no effect.
3172 =item Reference miscount in sv_replace()
3174 (W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with
3175 a reference count of other than 1.
3177 =item Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3179 (F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are
3180 not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If you
3181 wanted to have the character with value 7 inserted into the regular expression,
3182 prepend a zero to make the number at least two digits: C<\07>
3184 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3187 =item regexp memory corruption
3189 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
3190 expression compiler gave it.
3192 =item Regexp out of space
3194 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it
3197 =item pack/unpack repeat count overflow
3199 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
3200 signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3202 =item Reversed %s= operator
3204 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must
3205 always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.
3207 =item Runaway format
3209 (F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence, but it
3210 produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly like the
3211 199th line. Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to exhaust
3212 themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by
3213 shifting or popping (for array variables). See L<perlform>.
3215 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
3217 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
3218 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar
3219 value (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always
3220 behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
3221 argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
3222 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
3223 if you're expecting only one subscript.
3225 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
3226 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
3227 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
3230 =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
3232 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single
3233 element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value
3234 (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves
3235 like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
3236 argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
3237 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
3238 if you're expecting only one subscript.
3240 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element
3241 as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will
3242 not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
3245 =item Scalars leaked: %d
3247 (P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars:
3248 not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited.
3249 What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad,
3250 especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running.
3252 =item Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
3254 (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a setuid
3255 or setgid bit set. This doesn't make much sense.
3257 =item Search pattern not terminated
3259 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
3260 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3261 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error.
3263 Note that since Perl 5.9.0 a // can also be the I<defined-or>
3264 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code written
3265 in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be
3266 misparsed by pre-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern.
3268 =item %sseek() on unopened filehandle
3270 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
3271 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
3273 =item select not implemented
3275 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
3277 =item Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
3279 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in
3280 the current implementation.
3282 =item Semicolon seems to be missing
3284 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing
3285 semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
3287 =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
3289 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a
3290 scalar that had previously been marked as free.
3292 =item sem%s not implemented
3294 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
3296 =item send() on closed socket %s
3298 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
3299 before now. Check your control flow.
3301 =item Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3303 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The <-- HERE
3304 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3307 =item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3309 (F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance
3310 for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <-- HERE shows in
3311 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3314 =item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3316 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved but
3317 has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3318 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3320 =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3322 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense. The
3323 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3324 discovered. See L<perlre>.
3326 =item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3328 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
3329 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. The <-- HERE shows in
3330 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3333 =item 500 Server error
3339 This is the error message generally seen in a browser window when trying
3340 to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The actual error text
3341 varies widely from server to server. The most frequently-seen variants
3342 are "500 Server error", "Method (something) not permitted", "Document
3343 contains no data", "Premature end of script headers", and "Did not
3344 produce a valid header".
3346 B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>.
3348 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by the
3349 user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the user
3350 account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment variables
3351 (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in a
3352 location where the CGI server can't find it, basically, more or less.
3353 Please see the following for more information:
3355 http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
3356 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
3357 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
3359 You should also look at L<perlfaq9>.
3361 =item setegid() not implemented
3363 (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't
3364 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3367 =item seteuid() not implemented
3369 (F) You tried to assign to C<< $> >>, and your operating system doesn't
3370 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3373 =item setpgrp can't take arguments
3375 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
3376 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process
3379 =item setrgid() not implemented
3381 (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't
3382 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3385 =item setruid() not implemented
3387 (F) You tried to assign to C<$<>, and your operating system doesn't
3388 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3391 =item setsockopt() on closed socket %s
3393 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
3394 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
3395 L<perlfunc/setsockopt>.
3397 =item Setuid/gid script is writable by world
3399 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the
3400 world, because the world might have written on it already.
3402 =item shm%s not implemented
3404 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
3406 =item <> should be quotes
3408 (F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written
3411 =item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
3413 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string,
3414 as in the first argument to C<join>. Perl will treat the true or false
3415 result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string, which is
3416 probably not what you had in mind.
3418 =item shutdown() on closed socket %s
3420 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit
3423 =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
3425 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist.
3426 Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
3428 =item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
3430 See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values.
3432 =item sort is now a reserved word
3434 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.
3435 But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle.
3437 =item Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
3439 (F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You probably blew
3440 it by not using C<< <=> >> or C<cmp>, or by not using them correctly.
3441 See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3443 =item Sort subroutine didn't return single value
3445 (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more
3446 or less than one element. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3448 =item splice() offset past end of array
3450 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of
3451 the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at the end
3452 of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you want, try
3453 explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array = $offset. See
3458 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't
3459 iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what
3460 happened.) See L<perlfunc/split>.
3462 =item Statement unlikely to be reached
3464 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a
3465 die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns
3466 unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system()
3467 instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in
3470 =item stat() on unopened filehandle %s
3472 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that
3473 was either never opened or has since been closed.
3475 =item Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading %s
3477 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation
3478 stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to
3479 C<can> may break this.
3481 =item Subroutine %s redefined
3483 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
3486 no warnings 'redefine';
3487 eval "sub name { ... }";
3490 =item Substitution loop
3492 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution
3493 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which
3494 is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in
3495 L<perlop/"Quote and Quote-like Operators">.
3497 =item Substitution pattern not terminated
3499 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
3500 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3501 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
3503 =item Substitution replacement not terminated
3505 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
3506 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3507 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
3509 =item substr outside of string
3511 (W substr),(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of
3512 a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the
3513 length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is fatal if
3514 substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an
3515 assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
3517 =item suidperl is no longer needed since %s
3519 (F) Your Perl was compiled with B<-D>SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but
3520 a version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.
3522 =item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3524 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most two
3525 branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or both to
3526 contain alternation, such as using C<this|that|other>, enclose it in
3527 clustering parentheses:
3529 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
3531 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3532 discovered. See L<perlre>.
3534 =item Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3536 (F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct is a
3537 number, it can be only a number. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
3538 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3540 =item switching effective %s is not implemented
3542 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real
3543 and effective uids or gids.
3547 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
3549 A keyword is misspelled.
3550 A semicolon is missing.
3552 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
3553 An opening or closing brace is missing.
3554 A closing quote is missing.
3556 Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax
3557 error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.)
3558 The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when
3559 it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens
3560 before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input.
3561 Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon
3562 the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call
3563 C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see
3564 if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20
3567 =item syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
3569 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
3570 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
3573 =item syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
3575 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
3576 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict"
3577 or "my $var" or "our $var".
3581 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
3583 =item sysread() on closed filehandle %s
3585 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
3587 =item sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
3589 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
3591 =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine
3593 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
3594 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
3595 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
3596 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
3598 =item syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
3600 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
3601 before now. Check your control flow.
3603 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested
3605 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested
3606 for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
3608 =item tell() on unopened filehandle
3610 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that
3611 was either never opened or has since been closed.
3613 =item That use of $[ is unsupported
3615 (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted
3616 as a compiler directive. You may say only one of
3625 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out
3626 from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>.
3628 =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
3630 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
3631 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they
3632 think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they
3633 will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I
3636 =item The %s function is unimplemented
3638 The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according
3639 to the probings of Configure.
3641 =item The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
3643 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
3644 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went
3645 past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename
3648 =item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
3650 =item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
3652 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an
3653 element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl
3654 wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll
3655 need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine
3656 F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that the environ array isn't the
3657 target of the change to
3658 %ENV which produced the warning.
3660 =item thread failed to start: %s
3662 (F) The entry point function of threads->create() failed for some reason.
3664 =item Tied variable freed while still in use
3666 (F) An access method for a tied variable (e.g. FETCH) did something to
3667 free the variable. Since continuing the current operation is likely
3668 to result in a coredump, Perl is bailing out instead.
3670 =item times not implemented
3672 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
3673 suspect you're not running on Unix.
3675 =item To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
3677 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
3678 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
3679 specified an illegal mapping.
3680 See L<perlunicode/"User-Defined Character Properties">.
3682 =item Too deeply nested ()-groups
3684 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level.
3686 =item Too few args to syscall
3688 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
3689 system call to call, silly dilly.
3691 =item Too late for "B<-T>" option
3693 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
3694 B<-T> option, but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.
3695 This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a
3696 script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment.
3699 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
3700 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed by
3701 editing the #! line so that the B<-T> option is a part of Perl's first
3702 argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -T> to C<perl -T -n>.
3704 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
3705 B<-T> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -T scriptname>.
3707 =item Too late for "-%s" option
3709 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
3710 B<-M> or B<-m> option. This is an error because B<-M> and B<-m> options
3711 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead.
3713 =item Too late to run %s block
3715 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper,
3716 when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are
3717 loading a file with C<require> or C<do> when you should be using C<use>
3718 instead. Or perhaps you should put the C<require> or C<do> inside a
3721 =item Too many args to syscall
3723 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
3725 =item Too many arguments for %s
3727 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
3731 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
3732 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
3736 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
3737 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
3739 =item Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
3741 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
3742 Backslash it. See L<perlre>.
3744 =item Transliteration pattern not terminated
3746 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
3747 or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables
3748 C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error.
3750 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated
3752 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
3755 =item truncate not implemented
3757 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
3758 Configure knows about.
3760 =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
3762 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
3763 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be
3764 %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
3765 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>.
3767 =item umask not implemented
3769 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to
3770 use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
3772 =item Unable to create sub named "%s"
3774 (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name.
3776 =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
3778 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
3779 many execution contexts were entered and left.
3781 =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
3783 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
3784 many values were temporarily localized.
3786 =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
3788 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
3789 many blocks were entered and left.
3791 =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
3793 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
3794 many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
3796 =item Undefined format "%s" called
3798 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
3799 another package? See L<perlform>.
3801 =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
3803 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
3804 Perhaps it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3806 =item Undefined subroutine &%s called
3808 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
3809 since been undefined.
3811 =item Undefined subroutine called
3813 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined,
3814 or if it was, it has since been undefined.
3816 =item Undefined subroutine in sort
3818 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem
3819 to have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3821 =item Undefined top format "%s" called
3823 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
3824 another package? See L<perlform>.
3826 =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob
3828 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la
3829 C<*foo = undef>. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
3832 =item %s: Undefined variable
3834 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
3835 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
3837 =item unexec of %s into %s failed!
3839 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF
3840 representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
3842 =item Unicode character %s is illegal
3844 (W utf8) Certain Unicode characters have been designated off-limits by
3845 the Unicode standard and should not be generated. If you really know
3846 what you are doing you can turn off this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
3848 =item Unknown BYTEORDER
3850 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte
3853 =item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
3855 You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
3857 =item Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3859 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct
3860 is not known. The condition may be lookahead or lookbehind (the condition
3861 is true if the lookahead or lookbehind is true), a (?{...}) construct (the
3862 condition is true if the code evaluates to a true value), or a number (the
3863 condition is true if the set of capturing parentheses named by the number
3866 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3867 discovered. See L<perlre>.
3869 =item Unknown open() mode '%s'
3871 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
3872 of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>,
3873 C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>.
3875 =item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
3877 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before
3878 iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of
3879 data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
3880 subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
3882 =item Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
3884 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
3885 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
3887 =item Unknown Unicode option value %x
3889 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
3890 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
3892 =item Unknown warnings category '%s'
3894 (F) An error issued by the C<warnings> pragma. You specified a warnings
3895 category that is unknown to perl at this point.
3897 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a module
3898 (e.g. C<use warnings 'File::Find'>), you must have imported this module
3901 =item unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3903 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
3904 include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it
3905 first. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem
3906 was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3908 =item unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3910 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
3911 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding the
3912 matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3913 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3915 =item Unmatched right %s bracket
3917 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening
3918 ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a
3919 general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place
3920 you were last editing.
3922 =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
3924 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
3925 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it
3926 somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a
3929 =item Unrecognized character %s
3931 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character
3932 in your Perl script (or eval). Perhaps you tried to run a compressed
3933 script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
3935 =item /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through
3937 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
3938 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
3939 understood literally.
3941 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3943 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
3944 recognized by Perl. This combination appears in an interpolated variable or
3945 a C<'>-delimited regular expression. The character was understood
3946 literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
3947 escape was discovered.
3949 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
3951 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
3954 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
3956 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
3957 recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names
3960 =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
3962 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you
3963 think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the
3964 bad switch on your behalf.)
3966 =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
3968 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
3969 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline,
3970 PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>.
3972 =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called
3974 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
3976 =item Unsupported function %s
3978 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
3979 At least, Configure doesn't think so.
3981 =item Unsupported function fork
3983 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
3985 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors
3986 of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try
3987 changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
3989 =item Unsupported script encoding
3991 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which
3992 declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot yet read.
3994 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
3996 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at
3997 least that's what Configure thought.
3999 =item Unterminated attribute list
4001 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
4002 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
4003 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
4004 attribute too soon. See L<attributes>.
4006 =item Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
4008 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing
4009 an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis
4010 character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash
4011 character to get your parentheses to balance. See L<attributes>.
4013 =item Unterminated compressed integer
4015 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
4016 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
4017 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
4019 =item Unterminated <> operator
4021 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
4022 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
4023 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
4024 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
4026 =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
4028 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was
4029 still valid when C<untie> was called.
4031 =item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4033 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no
4034 meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
4036 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
4040 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
4042 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4043 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4045 =item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4047 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no
4048 meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
4050 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
4054 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
4056 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4057 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4059 =item Useless use of %s in void context
4061 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does
4062 nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a
4063 value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very
4064 often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl
4065 to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd
4066 get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and
4071 when you meant to say
4073 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
4075 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
4076 reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
4081 when you should have said
4085 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
4086 while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
4087 a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
4088 throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
4089 L<perlref> for more on this.
4091 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1
4092 since they are often used in statements like
4094 1 while sub_with_side_effects() ;
4096 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
4099 =item Useless use of "re" pragma
4101 (W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful.
4103 =item Useless use of sort in scalar context
4105 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
4109 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
4111 =item Useless use of %s with no values
4113 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no arguments
4114 apart from the array, like C<push(@x)> or C<unshift(@foo)>. That won't
4115 usually have any effect on the array, so is completely useless. It's
4116 possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could have some effect
4117 if the array is tied to a class which implements a PUSH method. If so,
4118 you can write it as C<push(@tied_array,())> to avoid this warning.
4120 =item "use" not allowed in expression
4122 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
4123 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
4125 =item Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated
4127 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form
4128 if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
4130 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
4132 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
4133 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
4135 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
4137 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but didn't
4138 use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is
4139 used. (This may change in the future.)
4141 =item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
4143 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split>
4144 operator. Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern
4145 repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect.
4147 =item Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated
4149 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO} form
4150 to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob.
4152 =item Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated
4154 (D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to
4155 $ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this
4156 behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they
4159 Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not
4160 blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.
4162 =item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
4164 (D deprecated) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you clobber
4165 a subroutine's argument list, so it's better if you assign the results
4166 of a split() explicitly to an array (or list).
4168 =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
4170 (D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines
4171 are looked up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the
4172 subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g.
4173 C<Foo::bar()>), not as methods (e.g. C<< Foo->bar() >> or C<<
4176 This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for
4177 methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base of existing
4178 code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl
4179 currently issues an optional warning when non-methods use inherited
4182 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
4183 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used
4184 to depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class
4185 named C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during
4188 In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);>
4189 you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
4190 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
4192 =item Use of -l on filehandle %s
4194 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file
4195 it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
4196 The operation returned C<undef>. Use a filename instead.
4198 =item Use of "package" with no arguments is deprecated
4200 (D deprecated) You used the C<package> keyword without specifying a package
4201 name. So no namespace is current at all. Using this can cause many
4202 otherwise reasonable constructs to fail in baffling ways. C<use strict;>
4205 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported
4207 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
4208 only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
4210 =item Use of $* is deprecated
4212 (D deprecated) This variable magically turned on multi-line pattern
4213 matching, both for you and for any luckless subroutine that you happen
4214 to call. You should use the new C<//m> and C<//s> modifiers now to do
4215 that without the dangerous action-at-a-distance effects of C<$*>.
4217 =item Use of $# is deprecated
4219 (D deprecated) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly
4220 defined B<awk> feature. Use an explicit printf() or sprintf() instead.
4222 =item Use of %s is deprecated
4224 (D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,
4225 generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the
4226 old way has bad side effects.
4228 =item Use of reference "%s" as array index
4230 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably
4231 isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend
4232 to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error.
4234 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like so:
4235 C<$array[0+$ref]>. This warning is not given for overloaded objects,
4236 either, because you can overload the numification and stringification
4237 operators and then you assumedly know what you are doing.
4239 =item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
4241 (D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future
4242 versions of perl may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either
4243 explicitly quoting the word in a manner appropriate for its context of
4244 use, or using a different name altogether. The warning can be
4245 suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a C<&> prefix, or using
4246 a package qualifier, e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>.
4248 =item Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
4250 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied C<system()> or C<exec()> with multiple
4251 arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used to be allowed
4252 but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl. Untaint your
4253 arguments. See L<perlsec>.
4255 =item Use of uninitialized value%s
4257 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
4258 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.
4259 To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables.
4261 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl tells you what operation
4262 you used the undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your
4263 program and the operation displayed in the warning may not necessarily
4264 appear literally in your program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is
4265 usually optimized into C<"that " . $foo>, and the warning will refer to
4266 the C<concatenation (.)> operator, even though there is no C<.> in your
4269 =item Using a hash as a reference is deprecated
4271 (D deprecated) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in
4272 C<< %foo->{"bar"} >> or C<< %$ref->{"hello"} >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1
4273 used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will
4274 be removed in a future version.
4276 =item Using an array as a reference is deprecated
4278 (D deprecated) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in
4279 C<< @foo->[23] >> or C<< @$ref->[99] >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 used to
4280 allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will be
4281 removed in a future version.
4283 =item UTF-16 surrogate %s
4285 (W utf8) You tried to generate half of an UTF-16 surrogate by
4286 requesting a Unicode character between the code points 0xD800 and
4287 0xDFFF (inclusive). That range is reserved exclusively for the use of
4288 UTF-16 encoding (by having two 16-bit UCS-2 characters); but Perl
4289 encodes its characters in UTF-8, so what you got is a very illegal
4290 character. If you really know what you are doing you can turn off
4291 this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
4293 =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
4295 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob),
4296 C<each()>, or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs
4297 can return a value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression
4298 false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these
4299 constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the
4300 C<defined> operator.
4302 =item Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
4304 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an
4305 %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string
4306 longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to
4309 =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
4311 (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable that
4312 you apparently thought was imported from another module, because
4313 something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by
4314 that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the
4315 front of your variable.
4317 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
4319 (W misc) A "my" or "our" variable has been redeclared in the current
4320 scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the previous
4321 instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note that the
4322 earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope or until
4323 all closure referents to it are destroyed.
4325 =item Variable "%s" may be unavailable
4327 (W closure) An inner (nested) I<anonymous> subroutine is inside a
4328 I<named> subroutine, and outside that is another subroutine; and the
4329 anonymous (innermost) subroutine is referencing a lexical variable
4330 defined in the outermost subroutine. For example:
4332 sub outermost { my $a; sub middle { sub { $a } } }
4334 If the anonymous subroutine is called or referenced (directly or
4335 indirectly) from the outermost subroutine, it will share the variable as
4336 you would expect. But if the anonymous subroutine is called or
4337 referenced when the outermost subroutine is not active, it will see the
4338 value of the shared variable as it was before and during the *first*
4339 call to the outermost subroutine, which is probably not what you want.
4341 In these circumstances, it is usually best to make the middle subroutine
4342 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. Perl has specific support for
4343 shared variables in nested anonymous subroutines; a named subroutine in
4344 between interferes with this feature.
4346 =item Variable syntax
4348 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
4349 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
4352 =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
4354 (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a
4355 lexical variable defined in an outer subroutine.
4357 When the inner subroutine is called, it will probably see the value of
4358 the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
4359 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
4360 outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no
4361 longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the
4362 variable will no longer be shared.
4364 Furthermore, if the outer subroutine is anonymous and references a
4365 lexical variable outside itself, then the outer and inner subroutines
4366 will I<never> share the given variable.
4368 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
4369 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that
4370 reference variables in outer subroutines are called or referenced, they
4371 are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
4373 =item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4375 (F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and
4376 known at compile time. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4377 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4379 =item Version number must be a constant number
4381 (P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into
4382 its equivalent C<BEGIN> block found an internal inconsistency with
4385 =item v-string in use/require is non-portable
4387 (W portable) The use of v-strings is non-portable to older, pre-5.6, Perls.
4388 If you want your scripts to be backward portable, use the floating
4389 point version number: for example, instead of C<use 5.6.1> say
4390 C<use 5.006_001>. This of course won't help: the older Perls
4391 won't suddenly start understanding newer features, but at least
4392 they will show a sensible error message indicating the required
4395 =item Warning: something's wrong
4397 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or
4398 you called it with no args and C<$_> was empty.
4400 =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
4402 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on
4403 the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk
4406 =item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
4408 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
4409 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a
4410 term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand
4411 function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
4415 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
4419 but in actual fact, you got
4423 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
4425 =item Wide character in %s
4427 (W utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting
4428 one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print) but can be
4429 turned off by C<no warnings 'utf8';>. You are supposed to explicitly
4430 mark the filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>.
4432 =item Within []-length '%c' not allowed
4434 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by C<[TEMPLATE]> only if
4435 C<TEMPLATE> always matches the same amount of packed bytes that can be
4436 determined from the template alone. This is not possible if it contains an
4437 of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a *-length. Redesign the template.
4439 =item write() on closed filehandle %s
4441 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
4442 before now. Check your control flow.
4444 =item 'X' outside of string
4446 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before
4447 the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
4449 =item 'x' outside of string in unpack
4451 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
4452 the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
4454 =item Xsub "%s" called in sort
4456 (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet
4459 =item Xsub called in sort
4461 (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet
4464 =item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
4466 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the
4467 sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip
4468 about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C wrapper around
4471 =item You need to quote "%s"
4473 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
4474 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
4475 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
4476 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it IS
4477 what you want, put an & in front.)