3 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 (W) A warning (optional).
11 (D) A deprecation (enabled by default).
12 (S) A severe warning (enabled by default).
13 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
14 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
15 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
16 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
18 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above
19 (W, D & S) can be controlled using the C<warnings> pragma.
21 If a message can be controlled by the C<warnings> pragma, its warning
22 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 Optional warnings are enabled by using the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-w>
26 and B<-W> switches. Warnings may be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}>
27 to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead
28 of printing it. See L<perlvar>.
30 Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled
31 with the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-X> switch.
33 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
34 L<perlfunc/eval>. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively
35 disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the C<warnings> pragma.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
39 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
40 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
41 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
42 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
47 =item accept() on closed socket %s
49 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget
50 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
53 =item Allocation too large: %lx
55 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
57 =item '%c' allowed only after types %s
59 (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or unpack() only
60 after certain types. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
62 =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
64 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl
65 keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling
66 one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the
67 subroutine is not imported.
69 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
70 before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
71 Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
72 imported with the C<use subs> pragma).
74 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix
75 on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or declare the subroutine
76 to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes"> or
79 =item Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
81 (F) You wrote something like C<tr/a-z-0//> which doesn't mean anything at
82 all. To include a C<-> character in a transliteration, put it either
83 first or last. (In the past, C<tr/a-z-0//> was synonymous with
84 C<tr/a-y//>, which was probably not what you would have expected.)
86 =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
88 (W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
89 you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
90 a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
92 =item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
94 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
95 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to
96 redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.
98 =item '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
100 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
101 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and
102 into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other,
103 though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script
104 which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
106 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
113 =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
115 (W misc) The pattern match (C<//>), substitution (C<s///>), and
116 transliteration (C<tr///>) operators work on scalar values. If you apply
117 one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to
118 a scalar value (the length of an array, or the population info of a
119 hash) and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what
120 you meant to do. See L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for
123 =item Args must match #! line
125 (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked
126 with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems
127 impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches;
128 for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>.
130 =item Arg too short for msgsnd
132 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
134 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine
136 (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array element or a
137 subroutine with an ampersand, such as:
143 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
145 (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or array element,
151 or a hash or array slice, such as:
153 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
154 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
156 =item %s argument is not a subroutine name
158 (F) The argument to exists() for C<exists &sub> must be a subroutine
159 name, and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this
162 =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
164 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator
165 that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
166 will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
168 =item Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
170 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O system you
171 forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers take care of transforming
172 data between external and internal representations.) Perl stopped parsing
173 the layer list at this point and did not attempt to push this layer.
174 If your program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
175 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
177 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
179 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
180 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
182 =item assertion botched: %s
184 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
186 =item Assertion failed: file "%s"
188 (P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
190 =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar
192 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments
193 must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
194 know which context to supply to the right side.
196 =item A thread exited while %d threads were running
198 (W threads)(S) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily the main
199 thread) exited while there were still other threads running.
200 Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return values of the
201 created threads by joining them, and only then exit from the main
202 thread. See L<threads>.
204 =item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
206 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in
207 the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
209 =item Attempt to bless into a reference
211 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be
212 the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've
213 supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
219 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
221 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version
222 of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for
225 bless $self, "$proto";
227 =item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
229 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key
230 which is not in its key set.
232 =item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
234 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
235 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
237 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
239 (P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas
240 that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be
241 outside any of those arenas.
243 =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
245 (P internal) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of
246 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
247 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count
248 of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
250 =item Attempt to free temp prematurely
252 (W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
253 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the
254 SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the
255 free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does
258 =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
260 (P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
262 =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
264 (W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to
265 see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0
266 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed.
267 This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or
268 that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was
269 mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been
272 =item Attempt to join self
274 (F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is an
275 impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or you may need
276 to move the join() to some other thread.
278 =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
280 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
281 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This
282 means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become
283 invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use
284 literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to
287 =item Attempt to reload %s aborted.
289 (F) You tried to load a file with C<use> or C<require> that failed to
290 compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again
291 unless you delete its entry from %INC. See L<perlfunc/require> and
294 =item Attempt to set length of freed array
296 (W) You tried to set the length of an array which has been freed. You
297 can do this by storing a reference to the scalar representing the last index
298 of an array and later assigning through that reference. For example
300 $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
303 =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
305 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr()
306 used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to
307 dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>.
309 =item Attribute "locked" is deprecated
311 (D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragam to modify the "locked"
312 attribute on a code reference. The :locked attribute is obsolete, has had no
313 effect since 5005 threads were removed, and will be removed in the next major
316 =item Attribute "unique" is deprecated
318 (D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragam to modify the "unique"
319 attribute on an array, hash or scalar reference. The :unique attribute has
320 had no effect since Perl 5.8.8, and will be removed in the next major
323 =item Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %d
325 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl()
326 or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively,
327 S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and
328 S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>.
330 =item Bad evalled substitution pattern
332 (F) You've used the C</e> switch to evaluate the replacement for a
333 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate,
334 most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
336 =item Bad filehandle: %s
338 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
339 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an
340 open(), or did it in another package.
342 =item Bad free() ignored
344 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never
345 been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by
346 setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 0.
348 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with "hard"
349 dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of C<Berkeley DB>
350 which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc().
354 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
356 =item Badly placed ()'s
358 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
359 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
362 =item Bad name after %s::
364 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then
365 didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside
374 $sym = "mypack::$var";
376 =item Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s'
378 (F) An extension using the keyword plugin mechanism violated the
381 =item Bad realloc() ignored
383 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
384 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled
385 by setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
387 =item Bad symbol for array
389 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that
390 wasn't a symbol table entry.
392 =item Bad symbol for dirhandle
394 (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
395 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
398 =item Bad symbol for filehandle
400 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something
401 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
403 =item Bad symbol for hash
405 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
406 wasn't a symbol table entry.
408 =item Bareword found in conditional
410 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
411 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part
412 of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
416 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as
419 use constant TYPO => 1;
420 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
422 The C<strict> pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
424 =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
426 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
427 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
428 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
430 =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
432 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but the
433 compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps
434 you need to predeclare a package?
436 =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
438 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
439 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
442 =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
444 (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which
445 implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had already
446 occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}> could not
447 be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely
448 depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.
450 =item \1 better written as $1
452 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables.
453 The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a
454 substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form
455 because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if
456 there are more than 9 backreferences.
458 =item Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
460 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
461 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
462 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
464 =item bind() on closed socket %s
466 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to
467 check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>.
469 =item binmode() on closed filehandle %s
471 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never opened.
472 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
474 =item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
476 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
478 =item Bizarre copy of %s in %s
480 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
483 =item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
485 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to
486 iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition
487 which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown.
489 =item Callback called exit
491 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
492 exited by calling exit.
494 =item %s() called too early to check prototype
496 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the
497 parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check
498 that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an
499 early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the
500 subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype
501 checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the
502 function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid
503 the warning. See L<perlsub>.
505 =item Cannot compress integer in pack
507 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The BER
508 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you
509 attempted to compress Infinity or a very large number (> 1e308).
510 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
512 =item Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
514 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed integer
515 format can only be used with positive integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
517 =item Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob
519 (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a reference in it,
520 then tried to access that symbol via conventional Perl syntax. The access
521 triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob, but it there is no legal conversion
522 from that type of reference to a typeglob.
524 =item Cannot copy to %s in %s
526 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type that cannot
527 be directly assigned not.
529 =item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
531 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER compressed
532 integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted
533 to compress something else. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
535 =item Can't bless non-reference value
537 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces"
538 encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>.
540 =item Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer
542 (F) You called C<break>, but you're in a C<foreach> block rather than
543 a C<given> block. You probably meant to use C<next> or C<last>.
545 =item Can't "break" outside a given block
547 (F) You called C<break>, but you're not inside a C<given> block.
549 =item Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
551 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
552 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined
553 in it, let alone methods. See L<perlobj>.
555 =item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
557 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
558 object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something
559 like this will reproduce the error:
562 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
563 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
565 =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
567 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It
568 ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you
569 didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an
570 object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>.
572 =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
574 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
575 object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a
576 defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name.
577 Something like this will reproduce the error:
580 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
581 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
583 =item Can't chdir to %s
585 (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory
586 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
588 =item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
590 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for
593 =item Can't coerce array into hash
595 (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no
596 information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that
597 only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.
599 =item Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
601 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
602 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't
612 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
614 =item Can't coerce %s to number in %s
616 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
617 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
619 =item Can't coerce %s to string in %s
621 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
622 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
624 =item Can't "continue" outside a when block
626 (F) You called C<continue>, but you're not inside a C<when>
629 =item Can't create pipe mailbox
631 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted
632 quotas or other plumbing problems.
634 =item Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s"
636 (F) Currently, only scalar variables can be declared with a specific
637 class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state" declaration. The semantics may be
638 extended for other types of variables in future.
640 =item Can't declare %s in "%s"
642 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my", "our" or
643 "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
645 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
647 (S inplace) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as
648 a file in /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.
650 =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
652 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
655 =item Can't do inplace edit without backup
657 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try
658 reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say
659 C<-i.bak>, or some such.
661 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
663 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14
664 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during
665 inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored.
667 =item Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
669 (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want your
670 regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. The <-- HERE shows in the
671 regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
673 =item Can't do waitpid with flags
675 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
676 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
678 =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line
680 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
681 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #!
684 =item Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
686 (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-endian,
687 or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and unpacking big- or
688 little-endian floating point values and pointers may not be possible.
689 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
691 =item Can't exec "%s": %s
693 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the
694 named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the
695 permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in
696 C<$ENV{PATH}>, the executable in question was compiled for another
697 architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that
698 can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support
703 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because
704 that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may
705 need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
707 =item Can't execute %s
709 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute
710 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
712 =item Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
714 (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but there
715 is no builtin with the name C<word>.
717 =item Can't find %s character property "%s"
719 (F) You used C<\p{}> or C<\P{}> but the character property by that name
720 could not be found. Maybe you misspelled the name of the property?
721 See L<perluniprops/Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}>
722 for a complete list of available properties.
724 =item Can't find label %s
726 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's
727 possible for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
729 =item Can't find %s on PATH
731 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
734 =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
736 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
737 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The
738 script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
740 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
742 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means
743 that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count
744 nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis:
746 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
748 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have included
749 unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's
750 editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
752 =item Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"
754 (F) You may have tried to use C<\p> which means a Unicode property (for
755 example C<\p{Lu}> matches all uppercase letters). If you did mean to use a
756 Unicode property, see
757 L<perluniprops/Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}>
758 for a complete list of available properties.
759 If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either
760 by C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, until
765 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
768 =item Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds
770 (W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with EAGAIN and will be retried
773 =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
775 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference
776 between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes.
777 Under VMS, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in
778 the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into
779 account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all
780 the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to
781 the access checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using
782 the device name and FID present in the stat buffer, but this works only
783 if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine,
784 because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning
785 appears, the name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up
786 and returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access checking
787 routine knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you
788 shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises
789 only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.)
791 =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name
793 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
794 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
796 =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
798 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your
799 mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
801 =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
803 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach
804 loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
806 =item Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
808 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look like
809 a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if
810 you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no.
811 See L<perlfunc/goto>.
813 =item Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
815 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
816 comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such
817 as the reduce() function in List::Util).
819 =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
821 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
824 =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
826 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
827 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
828 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
829 routine anyway. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
831 =item Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
833 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
834 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
835 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child
836 processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This
837 situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl
838 may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
840 =item Can't kill a non-numeric process ID
842 (F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers. It is a fatal error to
843 attempt to kill() an undefined, empty-string or otherwise non-numeric
846 =item Can't "last" outside a loop block
848 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
849 except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current
850 block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish"
851 block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep(). You can
852 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the
853 inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See
856 =item Can't linearize anonymous symbol table
858 (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a
859 package, but failed because the package stash has no name.
861 =item Can't load '%s' for module %s
863 (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic extension. This
864 may either mean that you upgraded your version of perl to one that is
865 incompatible with your old dynamic extensions (which is known to happen
866 between major versions of perl), or (more likely) that your dynamic
867 extension was built against an older version of the library that is
868 installed on your system. You may need to rebuild your old dynamic
871 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s
873 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
874 lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed. If you want to
875 localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the
878 =item Can't localize through a reference
880 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
881 handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref
882 pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure
883 that $ref will still be a reference.
885 =item Can't locate %s
887 (F) You said to C<do> (or C<require>, or C<use>) a file that couldn't be
888 found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in @INC,
889 unless the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you
890 need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where
891 the extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name
892 to @INC. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See
893 L<perlfunc/require> and L<lib>.
895 =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
897 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
898 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes
899 are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit>
900 the file, say, by doing C<make install>.
902 =item Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
904 (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library, like
905 for example, C<foo.so> or C<bar.dll>, but the L<DynaLoader> module was
906 unable to locate this library. See L<DynaLoader>.
908 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
910 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
911 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
912 method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>.
914 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
916 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that
917 doesn't seem to exist.
919 =item Can't locate PerlIO%s
921 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
922 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
924 =item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
926 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably
929 =item Can't modify %s in %s
931 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try
932 to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
934 =item Can't modify nonexistent substring
936 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed
939 =item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call
941 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as
942 such, see L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
944 =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var
946 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
949 =item Can't "next" outside a loop block
951 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
952 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
953 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or
954 grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
955 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops
956 once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
958 =item Can't open %s: %s
960 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >>
961 filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line
962 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this
963 is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named on
966 =item Can't open a reference
968 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
969 using the 3-arg open() syntax :
973 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form of
974 open is not supported.
976 =item Can't open bidirectional pipe
978 (W pipe) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported.
979 You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such
980 as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using
981 ">", and then read it in under a different file handle.
983 =item Can't open error file %s as stderr
985 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
986 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on
987 the command line for writing.
989 =item Can't open input file %s as stdin
991 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
992 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
993 command line for reading.
995 =item Can't open output file %s as stdout
997 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
998 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on
999 the command line for writing.
1001 =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
1003 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1004 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined
1007 =item Can't open perl script%s
1009 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
1011 If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on the
1012 shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that search, so
1013 you don't have to type the path or C<`which $scriptname`>.
1015 =item Can't read CRTL environ
1017 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV
1018 from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was
1019 missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ
1020 or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not
1023 =item Can't "redo" outside a loop block
1025 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
1026 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
1027 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map()
1028 or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
1029 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that
1030 loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>.
1032 =item Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
1034 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
1035 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with
1036 the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
1038 =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
1040 (S inplace) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason,
1041 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
1043 =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
1045 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried
1046 to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
1048 =item Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
1050 (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as opposed
1051 to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the package. If
1052 method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
1054 =item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
1056 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
1057 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This
1060 =item Can't return outside a subroutine
1062 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
1063 there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>.
1065 =item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
1067 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue subroutine,
1068 but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl think you meant
1069 to return only one value. You probably meant to write parentheses around
1070 the call to the subroutine, which tell Perl that the call should be in
1073 =item Can't stat script "%s"
1075 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it
1076 open already. Bizarre.
1078 =item Can't take log of %g
1080 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
1081 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
1082 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the
1085 =item Can't take sqrt of %g
1087 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1088 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard
1089 with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1091 =item Can't undef active subroutine
1093 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can,
1094 however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the
1095 redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure.
1099 (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted, such
1100 as the main Perl stack.
1102 =item Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d
1104 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making it
1105 into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are so
1106 specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message
1107 indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1109 =item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1111 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol
1112 table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous
1113 for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>.
1115 =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1117 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
1118 be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
1120 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1122 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1123 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1125 =item Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1127 (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the
1128 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
1129 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
1131 =item Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
1133 (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-endian
1134 byte-order at the same time, so this combination of modifiers is not
1135 allowed. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1137 =item Can't use %s for loop variable
1139 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a
1142 =item Can't use global %s in "%s"
1144 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This
1145 is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location
1146 (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to
1147 have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
1150 =item Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
1152 (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type
1153 that is already inside a group with a byte-order modifier.
1154 For example you cannot force little-endianness on a type that
1155 is inside a big-endian group.
1157 =item Can't use keyword '%s' as a label
1159 (F) You attempted to use a reserved keyword, such as C<print> or C<BEGIN>,
1160 as a statement label. This is disallowed since Perl 5.11.0.
1162 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1164 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
1165 You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator,
1166 and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
1167 Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
1170 =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1172 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
1173 reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1174 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1176 =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1178 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1179 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1181 =item Can't use subscript on %s
1183 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1184 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1185 didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
1187 =item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1189 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that
1190 creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a
1191 backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular
1192 expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a
1193 value that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form
1196 =item Can't use "when" outside a topicalizer
1198 (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a C<foreach>
1199 loop nor a C<given> block. (Note that this error is issued on exit
1200 from the C<when> block, so you won't get the error if the match fails,
1201 or if you use an explicit C<continue>.)
1203 =item Can't weaken a nonreference
1205 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only
1206 references can be weakened.
1208 =item Can't x= to read-only value
1210 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value)
1211 with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
1212 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
1214 =item Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
1220 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the C<"C"> format is
1221 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1222 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1226 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1229 =item Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
1235 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However, C<U0>-mode expects
1236 all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so Perl behaved as if you
1239 pack("U0W", $x & 255)
1241 =item Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
1247 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the C<"c"> format
1248 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1249 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1251 pack("c", $x & 255);
1253 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1256 =item Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1258 (W unpack) You tried something like
1260 unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
1262 where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a value
1263 below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl uses the value
1264 modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1266 unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
1268 =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
1270 (W pack) You tried something like
1272 pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
1274 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
1275 value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
1276 uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1278 pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
1280 =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1282 (W unpack) You tried something like
1284 unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
1286 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
1287 value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
1288 uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1290 unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
1292 =item close() on unopened filehandle %s
1294 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1296 =item closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
1298 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not really
1299 a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
1301 =item Code missing after '/'
1303 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be another
1304 template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1306 =item %s: Command not found
1308 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1309 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1311 =item Compilation failed in require
1313 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement.
1314 Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it
1315 encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately.
1317 =item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1319 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1320 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited
1321 to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow
1322 arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without
1323 recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string
1324 under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather than
1325 in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so
1326 that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlfaq2> for information
1327 on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.)
1329 =item cond_broadcast() called on unlocked variable
1331 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1332 cond_broadcast() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_broadcast()
1333 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a
1334 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread
1335 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to
1336 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed
1337 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
1340 =item cond_signal() called on unlocked variable
1342 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1343 cond_signal() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_signal()
1344 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a
1345 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread
1346 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to
1347 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed
1348 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
1351 =item connect() on closed socket %s
1353 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget
1354 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1355 L<perlfunc/connect>.
1357 =item Constant(%s)%s: %s
1359 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to define
1360 an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character name
1361 specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you forgot to load the
1362 corresponding C<overload> or C<charnames> pragma? See L<charnames> and
1365 =item Constant(%s)%s: %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1367 (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to find
1368 the character name specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you
1369 forgot to load the corresponding C<charnames> pragma?
1373 =item Constant is not %s reference
1375 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the C<use constant> pragma)
1376 is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference.
1377 The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This
1378 usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value.
1379 See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> and L<constant>.
1381 =item Constant subroutine %s redefined
1383 (S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been
1384 eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for
1385 commentary and workarounds.
1387 =item Constant subroutine %s undefined
1389 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible
1390 for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
1393 =item Copy method did not return a reference
1395 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See
1396 L<overload/Copy Constructor>.
1398 =item CORE::%s is not a keyword
1400 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1402 =item corrupted regexp pointers
1404 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1405 expression compiler gave it.
1407 =item corrupted regexp program
1409 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a
1412 =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
1414 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
1416 =item Count after length/code in unpack
1418 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but
1419 you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1422 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1424 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly)
1425 100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an
1426 infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in
1427 which case it indicates something else.
1429 This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the F<perl> binary,
1430 setting the C pre-processor macro C<PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN> to the desired value.
1432 =item defined(@array) is deprecated
1434 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it
1435 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the
1436 array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example.
1438 =item defined(%hash) is deprecated
1440 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it
1441 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the hash
1442 is empty, just use C<if (%hash) { # not empty }> for example.
1444 =item %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1446 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1447 there are neither package declarations nor a C<$VERSION>.
1449 =item Delimiter for here document is too long
1451 (F) In a here document construct like C<<<FOO>, the label C<FOO> is too
1452 long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code
1453 that triggers this error.
1455 =item Deprecated use of my() in false conditional
1457 (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to C<my $x if 0>.
1458 There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable
1459 not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false
1460 conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind of
1461 static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want people
1462 relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static effect by
1463 declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, eg
1465 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
1469 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
1471 Beginning with perl 5.9.4, you can also use C<state> variables to
1472 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see L<feature>):
1474 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
1476 =item DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
1478 (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which is
1479 just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort rather than
1480 to create a dangling reference.
1482 =item Did not produce a valid header
1486 =item %s did not return a true value
1488 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
1489 it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
1490 traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would
1491 do. See L<perlfunc/require>.
1493 =item (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1495 (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some
1498 =item (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1500 (W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global
1501 variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which
1504 =item (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1506 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1507 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got
1512 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or
1513 you called it with no args and both C<$@> and C<$_> were empty.
1515 =item Document contains no data
1519 =item %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1521 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1522 define a C<$VERSION.>
1524 =item '/' does not take a repeat count
1526 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code.
1527 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1529 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
1531 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1533 =item do_study: out of memory
1535 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1537 =item (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1539 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
1540 "%s found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
1541 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be
1542 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
1543 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're referencing
1544 something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the
1545 subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty
1546 "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1548 =item dump() better written as CORE::dump()
1550 (W misc) You used the obsolescent C<dump()> built-in function, without fully
1551 qualifying it as C<CORE::dump()>. Maybe it's a typo. See L<perlfunc/dump>.
1553 =item dump is not supported
1555 (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump.
1557 =item Duplicate free() ignored
1559 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1562 =item Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
1564 (W) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a type
1565 in a pack template. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1567 =item elseif should be elsif
1569 (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's
1570 ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named
1571 "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is
1572 unlikely to be what you want.
1576 (F) C<\p> and C<\P> are used to introduce a named Unicode property, as
1577 described in L<perlunicode> and L<perlre>. You used C<\p> or C<\P> in
1578 a regular expression without specifying the property name.
1580 =item entering effective %s failed
1582 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
1583 effective uids or gids failed.
1585 =item %ENV is aliased to %s
1587 (F) You're running under taint mode, and the C<%ENV> variable has been
1588 aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of the
1589 program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
1591 =item Error converting file specification %s
1593 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file
1594 specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a
1595 single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed
1596 an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the
1597 conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1599 =item %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1601 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1602 expression that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which
1603 is unsafe. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>.
1605 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval'
1607 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the
1608 C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1609 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, it
1610 is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly
1611 building the pattern from an interpolated string at run time and using
1612 that in an eval(). See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1614 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
1616 (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width
1617 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'>
1618 pragma is in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1620 =item EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1622 (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without consuming
1623 any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is consumed.
1625 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
1628 =item Excessively long <> operator
1630 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a
1631 Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
1632 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a
1633 variable and glob that.
1635 =item exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
1637 (F) The C<exec> function is not implemented in MacPerl. See L<perlport>.
1639 =item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.
1641 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
1643 =item Exiting eval via %s
1645 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a
1646 goto, or a loop control statement.
1648 =item Exiting format via %s
1650 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such as a
1651 goto, or a loop control statement.
1653 =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s
1655 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a
1656 sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a
1657 loop control statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
1659 =item Exiting subroutine via %s
1661 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such
1662 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
1664 =item Exiting substitution via %s
1666 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such
1667 as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
1669 =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
1671 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has
1672 the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is
1673 usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package,
1674 e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
1676 =item %s: Expression syntax
1678 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1679 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1681 =item %s failed--call queue aborted
1683 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK,
1684 CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the
1685 queue of such routines has been prematurely ended.
1687 =item False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1689 (W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a literal
1690 character, not another character class like C<\d> or C<[:alpha:]>. The "-"
1691 in your false range is interpreted as a literal "-". Consider quoting the
1692 "-", "\-". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
1693 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
1695 =item Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
1697 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
1698 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more
1699 details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell
1700 you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
1702 =item fcntl is not implemented
1704 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a
1705 PDP-11 or something?
1707 =item FETCHSIZE returned a negative value
1709 (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements, which
1712 =item Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
1714 (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string start with a length indicator
1715 which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point in asking for
1716 a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as if you specified
1719 =item Filehandle %s opened only for input
1721 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended
1722 it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or
1723 "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to
1724 write the file, use ">" or ">>". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1726 =item Filehandle %s opened only for output
1728 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If
1729 you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it
1730 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
1731 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1732 Another possibility is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0
1733 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed STDIN earlier?).
1735 =item Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
1737 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
1738 as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you closed STDOUT or STDERR
1741 =item Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
1743 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
1744 as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN previously.
1746 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name
1748 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be
1749 a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
1750 happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the
1753 =item flock() on closed filehandle %s
1755 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed
1756 some time before now. Check your control flow. flock() operates on
1757 filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the
1760 =item Format not terminated
1762 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
1763 to the end of your file without finding such a line.
1765 =item Format %s redefined
1767 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
1770 no warnings 'redefine';
1771 eval "format NAME =...";
1774 =item Found = in conditional, should be ==
1784 (or something like that).
1786 =item %s found where operator expected
1788 (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator.
1789 If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an
1790 operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an
1791 operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
1793 =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
1795 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
1797 =item gethostent not implemented
1799 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably
1800 because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname
1803 =item get%sname() on closed socket %s
1805 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed
1806 socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
1808 =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
1810 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the
1811 C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC.
1813 =item getsockopt() on closed socket %s
1815 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
1816 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1817 L<perlfunc/getsockopt>.
1819 =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
1821 (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates
1822 that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or "state"),
1823 declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified to say
1824 which package the global variable is in (using "::").
1826 =item glob failed (%s)
1828 (W glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
1829 C<glob> and C<< <*.c> >>. Usually, this means that you supplied a
1830 C<glob> pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
1831 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
1832 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell) is
1833 broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables in
1834 config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it
1835 were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them all
1836 empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will
1837 think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run
1838 C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl.
1840 =item Glob not terminated
1842 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
1843 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
1844 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
1845 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
1847 =item gmtime(%.0f) too large
1849 (W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with an number that was beyond the 64-bit
1850 range that it accepts, and some rounding resulted. This warning is also
1851 triggered with nan (the special not-a-number value).
1853 =item Got an error from DosAllocMem
1855 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete
1856 version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
1858 =item goto must have label
1860 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
1861 unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
1863 =item ()-group starts with a count
1865 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is
1866 supposed to follow something: a template character or a ()-group.
1867 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1869 =item %s had compilation errors.
1871 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails.
1873 =item Had to create %s unexpectedly
1875 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought
1876 to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be
1877 created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
1879 =item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
1881 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some
1882 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
1884 =item %s has too many errors
1886 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
1887 Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
1889 =item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
1891 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
1892 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
1893 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
1895 =item Identifier too long
1897 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to
1898 about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound
1899 names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions
1900 of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.
1902 =item Ignoring %s in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1904 (W) Named Unicode character escapes (\N{...}) may return multi-char
1905 or zero length sequences. When such an escape is used in a character class
1906 its behaviour is not well defined. Check that the correct escape has
1907 been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
1909 =item Illegal binary digit %s
1911 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
1913 =item Illegal binary digit %s ignored
1915 (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
1916 binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the
1919 =item Illegal character %s (carriage return)
1921 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
1922 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this error
1923 when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason, your
1924 version of Perl appears to have been built without this support. Talk
1925 to your Perl administrator.
1927 =item Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
1929 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration.
1930 Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, and \.
1932 =item Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
1934 (F) When using the C<sub> keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine,
1935 you must always specify a block of code. See L<perlsub>.
1937 =item Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
1939 (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See L<perlsub>.
1941 =item Illegal division by zero
1943 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in
1944 your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
1947 =item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
1949 (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or
1950 A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal
1951 number stopped before the illegal character.
1953 =item Illegal modulus zero
1955 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
1956 numbers don't take to this kindly.
1958 =item Illegal number of bits in vec
1960 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of
1961 two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
1963 =item Illegal octal digit %s
1965 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1967 =item Illegal octal digit %s ignored
1969 (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1970 Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
1972 =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c
1974 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
1975 following switches: B<-[CDIMUdmtw]>.
1977 =item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
1979 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's
1980 internal environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=>
1981 delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored.
1983 =item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
1985 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical
1986 name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and
1987 didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was
1990 =item (in cleanup) %s
1992 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised
1993 the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the
1994 system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of
1995 times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that
1996 would otherwise result in the same message being repeated.
1998 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag could
1999 also result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>.
2001 =item Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on parent '%s'
2003 (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not
2004 C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See the C3
2005 documentation in L<mro> for more information.
2007 =item In EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647
2009 (F) An error peculiar to EBCDIC. Internally, v-strings are stored as
2010 Unicode code points, and encoded in EBCDIC as UTF-EBCDIC. The UTF-EBCDIC
2011 encoding is limited to code points no larger than 2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF).
2013 =item Infinite recursion in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2015 (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any input
2016 text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive patterns
2017 either consume text or fail.
2019 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
2022 =item Initialization of state variables in list context currently forbidden
2024 (F) Currently the implementation of "state" only permits the initialization
2025 of scalar variables in scalar context. Re-write C<state ($a) = 42> as
2026 C<state $a = 42> to change from list to scalar context. Constructions such
2027 as C<state (@a) = foo()> will be supported in a future perl release.
2029 =item Insecure dependency in %s
2031 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like.
2032 The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or
2033 setgid, or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The
2034 tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly
2035 from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any
2036 such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See
2037 L<perlsec> for more information.
2039 =item Insecure directory in %s
2041 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2042 setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by
2043 the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative directory.
2046 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
2048 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2049 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>,
2050 C<$ENV{ENV}>, C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> or C<$ENV{TERM}> are derived from data
2051 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set
2052 the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>.
2054 =item Integer overflow in %s number
2056 (W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified
2057 either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for
2058 your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number.
2059 On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number
2060 representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or
2061 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl
2062 transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation
2063 internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent
2066 =item Integer overflow in format string for %s
2068 (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of C<printf()>
2069 or C<sprintf()> are too large. The numbers must not overflow the size of
2070 integers for your architecture.
2072 =item Integer overflow in version
2074 (F) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for the
2075 size of integers for your architecture. This is not a warning
2076 because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use a
2077 element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually caused by
2078 trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like
2081 =item Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2083 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
2084 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
2087 =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
2089 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of times
2090 you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine whether the current call
2091 to C<exec> should affect the current script or a subprocess (see
2092 L<perlvms/"exec LIST">). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so
2093 Perl is making a guess and treating this C<exec> as a request to
2094 terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command.
2096 =item Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2098 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The
2099 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
2102 =item %s (...) interpreted as function
2104 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator
2105 followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list
2106 operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
2107 L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>.
2109 =item Invalid %s attribute: %s
2111 The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized
2112 by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
2114 =item Invalid %s attributes: %s
2116 The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
2117 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
2119 =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
2121 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See
2122 L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
2124 =item Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2126 (W regexp) The numeric escape (for example C<\xHH>) of value < 256
2127 didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion
2128 from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma.
2129 The escape was replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead.
2130 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
2131 escape was discovered.
2133 =item Invalid mro name: '%s'
2135 (F) You tried to C<mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")>
2136 or C<use mro 'foo'>, where C<foo> is not a valid method resolution order (MRO).
2137 (Currently, the only valid ones are C<dfs> and C<c3>). See L<mro>.
2139 =item Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2141 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
2142 greater than the maximum character. One possibility is that you forgot the
2143 C<{}> from your ending C<\x{}> - C<\x> without the curly braces can go only
2144 up to C<ff>. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
2145 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
2147 =item Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
2149 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
2150 character greater than the maximum character. See L<perlop>.
2152 =item Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
2154 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
2155 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
2156 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
2159 =item Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
2161 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other than a
2162 colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list.
2163 If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that
2164 list was terminated too soon.
2166 =item Invalid type '%s' in %s
2168 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type.
2169 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2170 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be
2173 =item Invalid version format (multiple underscores)
2175 (F) Versions may contain at most a single underscore, which signals
2176 that the version is a beta release. See L<version> for the allowed
2179 =item Invalid version format (underscores before decimal)
2181 (F) Versions may not contain decimals after the optional underscore.
2182 See L<version> for the allowed version formats.
2184 =item ioctl is not implemented
2186 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty
2187 strange for a machine that supports C.
2189 =item ioctl() on unopened %s
2191 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened.
2192 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
2194 =item IO layers (like '%s') unavailable
2196 (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
2197 you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO Perl must be configured
2200 =item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
2202 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
2203 neither as a system call or an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
2205 =item $* is no longer supported
2207 (D deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$*>, deprecated in older perls, has
2208 been removed as of 5.9.0 and is no longer supported. In previous versions of perl the use of
2209 C<$*> enabled or disabled multi-line matching within a string.
2211 Instead of using C<$*> you should use the C</m> (and maybe C</s>) regexp
2212 modifiers. (In older versions: when C<$*> was set to a true value then all regular
2213 expressions behaved as if they were written using C</m>.)
2215 =item $# is no longer supported
2217 (D deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$#>, deprecated in older perls, has
2218 been removed as of 5.9.3 and is no longer supported. You should use the
2219 printf/sprintf functions instead.
2221 =item `%s' is not a code reference
2223 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of overload::constant
2224 needs to be a code reference. Either an anonymous subroutine, or a reference
2227 =item `%s' is not an overloadable type
2229 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is
2232 =item junk on end of regexp
2234 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
2236 =item Label not found for "last %s"
2238 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop
2239 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2242 =item Label not found for "next %s"
2244 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of
2245 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2248 =item Label not found for "redo %s"
2250 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of
2251 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2254 =item leaving effective %s failed
2256 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
2257 effective uids or gids failed.
2259 =item length/code after end of string in unpack
2261 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an unpack
2262 length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in
2263 an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2265 =item Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input
2267 (F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current parse
2268 (using L<lex_stuff_pvn_flags|perlapi/lex_stuff_pvn_flags> or similar), but
2269 tried to insert a character that couldn't be part of the current input.
2270 This is an inherent pitfall of the stuffing mechanism, and one of the
2271 reasons to avoid it. Where it is necessary to stuff, stuffing only
2272 plain ASCII is recommended.
2274 =item Lexing code internal error (%s)
2276 (F) Lexing code supplied by an extension violated the lexer's API in a
2279 =item listen() on closed socket %s
2281 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget
2282 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
2285 =item localtime(%.0f) too large
2287 (W overflow) You called C<localtime> with an number that was beyond the
2288 64-bit range that it accepts, and some rounding resulted. This warning is also triggered with nan (the special not-a-number value).
2290 =item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/
2292 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can
2293 handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release.
2295 =item Lost precision when %s %f by 1
2297 (W) The value you attempted to increment or decrement by one is too large
2298 for the underlying floating point representation to store accurately,
2299 hence the target of C<++> or C<--> is unchanged. Perl issues this warning
2300 because it has already switched from integers to floating point when values
2301 are too large for integers, and now even floating point is insufficient.
2302 You may wish to switch to using L<Math::BigInt> explicitly.
2304 =item lstat() on filehandle %s
2306 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
2307 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat()
2308 instead on the filehandle.)
2310 =item lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined
2312 (W misc) Making a subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been defined
2313 by declaring the subroutine with a lvalue attribute is not
2314 possible. To make the the subroutine a lvalue subroutine add the
2315 lvalue attribute to the definition, or put the the declaration before
2318 =item Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet
2320 (F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array and hash
2321 values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context. See
2322 L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
2324 =item Malformed integer in [] in pack
2326 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
2327 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2329 =item Malformed integer in [] in unpack
2331 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
2332 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2334 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
2336 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form
2343 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix of
2344 a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may
2345 appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
2346 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in L<perlos2>.
2348 =item Malformed prototype for %s: %s
2350 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
2351 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check for
2352 obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check is run
2353 when the function is called.
2355 =item Malformed UTF-8 character (%s)
2357 (S utf8) (F) Perl detected a string that didn't comply with UTF-8
2358 encoding rules, even though it had the UTF8 flag on.
2360 One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data that
2361 you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy
2362 8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use Encode::decode_utf8.
2364 If you use the C<:encoding(UTF-8)> PerlIO layer for input, invalid byte
2365 sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use C<:utf8>, the flag is
2366 set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this error
2369 See also L<Encode/"Handling Malformed Data">.
2371 =item Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
2373 (F) Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while
2374 doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
2376 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
2378 (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2379 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2381 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
2383 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2384 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2386 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
2388 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2389 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2391 =item Maximal count of pending signals (%d) exceeded
2393 (F) Perl aborted due to a too high number of signals pending. This
2394 usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver signals
2395 too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl process from
2396 resources it would need to reach a point where it can process signals
2397 safely. (See L<perlipc/"Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)">.)
2399 =item %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2401 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
2402 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. The <-- HERE
2403 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
2406 =item "%s" may clash with future reserved word
2408 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a perl4
2409 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is
2412 =item % may not be used in pack
2414 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
2415 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way.
2416 See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
2418 =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
2420 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2421 doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2423 =item Method %s not permitted
2427 =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
2429 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused
2430 by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually
2431 ended earlier on the current line.
2433 =item Misplaced _ in number
2435 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
2436 separate two digits.
2438 =item Missing argument in %s
2440 (W uninitialized) A printf-type format required more arguments than were
2443 =item Missing argument to -%c
2445 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
2446 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
2448 =item Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}
2450 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within
2451 double-quotish context.
2453 =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function
2455 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
2456 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
2458 =item Missing command in piped open
2460 (W pipe) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or
2461 C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or
2464 =item Missing control char name in \c
2466 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required control
2469 =item Missing name in "my sub"
2471 (F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that
2472 they have a name with which they can be found.
2474 =item Missing $ on loop variable
2476 (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables
2477 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it
2478 can vary from one line to the next.
2480 =item (Missing operator before %s?)
2482 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
2483 "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
2485 =item Missing right brace on %s
2487 (F) Missing right brace in C<\x{...}>, C<\p{...}> or C<\P{...}>.
2489 =item Missing right curly or square bracket
2491 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing
2492 ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you
2495 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
2497 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
2498 "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
2499 the previous line just because you saw this message.
2501 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted
2503 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
2504 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
2505 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
2507 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
2510 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string.
2512 Yet another way is to assign to a C<foreach> loop I<VAR> when I<VAR>
2513 is aliased to a constant in the look I<LIST>:
2516 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
2517 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to modify the 2
2520 =item Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
2522 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
2523 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array
2526 =item Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
2528 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
2529 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
2531 =item Module name must be constant
2533 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use".
2535 =item Module name required with -%c option
2537 (F) The C<-M> or C<-m> options say that Perl should load some module, but
2538 you omitted the name of the module. Consult L<perlrun> for full details
2539 about C<-M> and C<-m>.
2541 =item More than one argument to '%s' open
2543 (F) The C<open> function has been asked to open multiple files. This
2544 can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes a
2545 list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open mode.
2546 See L<perlfunc/open> for details.
2548 =item msg%s not implemented
2550 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
2552 =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
2554 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>.
2555 They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
2557 =item '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
2559 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not
2560 follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
2561 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2563 =item "my sub" not yet implemented
2565 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try
2568 =item "%s" variable %s can't be in a package
2570 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make
2571 sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use
2572 local() if you want to localize a package variable.
2574 =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
2576 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
2577 If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention it
2578 again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> declaration is
2579 provided for this purpose.
2581 NOTE: This warning detects symbols that have been used only once so $c, @c,
2582 %c, *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or format) are considered
2583 the same; if a program uses $c only once but also uses any of the others it
2584 will not trigger this warning.
2586 =item Negative '/' count in unpack
2588 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was
2589 negative. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2591 =item Negative length
2593 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
2594 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
2596 =item Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
2598 (F) When C<vec> is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be
2599 greater than or equal to zero.
2601 =item Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2603 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. So
2604 things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The <-- HERE shows in the regular
2605 expression about where the problem was discovered.
2607 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and
2608 C<??> appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>.
2610 =item %s never introduced
2612 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of
2613 scope before it could possibly have been used.
2615 =item next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method
2617 (F) C<next::method> needs to be called within the context of a
2618 real method in a real package, and it could not find such a context.
2621 =item No %s allowed while running setuid
2623 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or
2624 setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there
2625 will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
2626 securable. See L<perlsec>.
2628 =item No comma allowed after %s
2630 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not
2631 allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments.
2632 Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
2634 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
2635 constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such
2636 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating system
2637 does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an
2638 explicit import list for the constants you expect to see, please see
2639 L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an explicit import list
2640 would probably have caught this error earlier it naturally does not
2641 remedy the fact that your operating system still does not support that
2642 constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the symbol import
2643 list of B<use> or B<import> or in the constant name at the line where
2644 this error was triggered?
2646 =item No command into which to pipe on command line
2648 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2649 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
2650 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
2652 =item No DB::DB routine defined
2654 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
2655 for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::>
2656 module) didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each
2659 =item No dbm on this machine
2661 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should
2662 supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>.
2664 =item No DB::sub routine defined
2666 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
2667 for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::>
2668 module) didn't define a C<DB::sub> routine to be called at the beginning
2669 of each ordinary subroutine call.
2671 =item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
2673 (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
2675 =item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
2677 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2678 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't
2679 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
2681 =item No group ending character '%c' found in template
2683 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
2684 matching counterpart. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2686 =item No input file after < on command line
2688 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2689 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the
2690 name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
2694 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2695 even on machines that don't support the #! construct.
2697 =item No next::method '%s' found for %s
2699 (F) C<next::method> found no further instances of this method name
2700 in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't want
2701 it throwing an exception, use C<maybe::next::method>
2702 or C<next::can>. See L<mro>.
2704 =item "no" not allowed in expression
2706 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
2707 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
2709 =item No output file after > on command line
2711 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2712 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it
2713 doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
2715 =item No output file after > or >> on command line
2717 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2718 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't
2719 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.
2721 =item No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
2723 (F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our"
2724 declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing
2725 semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
2727 =item No Perl script found in input
2729 (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning
2730 with #! and containing the word "perl".
2732 =item No setregid available
2734 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for
2737 =item No setreuid available
2739 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
2742 =item No %s specified for -%c
2744 (F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but
2745 you haven't specified one.
2747 =item No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
2749 (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated typed variable
2750 but that key is not allowed by the package of the same type. The indicated
2751 package has restricted the set of allowed keys using the L<fields> pragma.
2753 =item No such class %s
2755 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state" declaration, but
2756 this class doesn't exist at this point in your program.
2758 =item No such hook: %s
2760 (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl. Currently, Perl
2761 accepts C<__DIE__> and C<__WARN__> as valid signal hooks
2763 =item No such pipe open
2765 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to
2766 close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught
2767 earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
2769 =item No such signal: SIG%s
2771 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was
2772 not recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal
2773 names on your system.
2775 =item Not a CODE reference
2777 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2778 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2779 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2782 =item Not a format reference
2784 (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous
2785 format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist.
2787 =item Not a GLOB reference
2789 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is, a
2790 symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to
2791 something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out what
2792 kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2794 =item Not a HASH reference
2796 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a
2797 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function to
2798 find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2800 =item Not an ARRAY reference
2802 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found
2803 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2804 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2806 =item Not a perl script
2808 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2809 even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The line must
2812 =item Not a SCALAR reference
2814 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found
2815 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2816 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2818 =item Not a subroutine reference
2820 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2821 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2822 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2825 =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table
2827 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2828 doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2830 =item Not enough arguments for %s
2832 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
2834 =item Not enough format arguments
2836 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line
2837 supplied. See L<perlform>.
2841 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
2842 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2845 =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
2847 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
2848 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent
2849 to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
2850 F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which
2851 need to be added to UTC to get local time.
2853 =item Non-string passed as bitmask
2855 (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to select().
2856 Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor bitmasks for
2857 select. See L<perlfunc/select>
2859 =item Null filename used
2861 (F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many
2862 machines that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
2864 =item NULL OP IN RUN
2866 (P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
2869 =item Null picture in formline
2871 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
2872 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
2873 supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>.
2877 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
2879 =item NULL regexp argument
2881 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
2883 =item NULL regexp parameter
2885 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
2887 =item Number too long
2889 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to
2890 about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
2891 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In
2892 the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of
2895 =item Octal number in vector unsupported
2897 (F) Numbers with a leading C<0> are not currently allowed in vectors.
2898 The octal number interpretation of such numbers may be supported in a
2901 =item Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
2903 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
2904 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
2905 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
2907 See also L<perlport> for writing portable code.
2909 =item Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
2911 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number of
2912 arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
2914 =item Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
2916 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
2917 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2919 =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment
2921 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
2922 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2924 =item Offset outside string
2926 (F, W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
2927 with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to
2928 imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
2929 take place when going past the end of the string when either
2930 C<sysread()>ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar opened
2931 for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the behaviour
2934 =item %s() on unopened %s
2936 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was
2937 never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket()
2938 call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
2940 =item -%s on unopened filehandle %s
2942 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle
2943 that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
2947 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2951 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2953 =item Opening dirhandle %s also as a file
2955 (W io deprecated) You used open() to associate a filehandle to
2956 a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle.
2957 Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing
2960 =item Opening filehandle %s also as a directory
2962 (W io deprecated) You used opendir() to associate a dirhandle to
2963 a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle.
2964 Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing
2967 =item Operation "%s": no method found, %s
2969 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no
2970 handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms
2971 of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless
2972 C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be true. See L<overload>.
2974 =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s
2976 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser
2977 was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to
2978 use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For
2979 example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you said
2982 =item "our" variable %s redeclared
2984 (W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before
2985 in the current lexical scope.
2987 =item Out of memory!
2989 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
2990 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has
2991 no option but to exit immediately.
2993 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your
2994 process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use C<limit> and
2995 C<limit datasize n> (where C<n> is the number of kilobytes) to check
2996 the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use C<ulimit -a>
2997 and C<ulimit -d n>, respectively.
2999 =item Out of memory during %s extend
3001 (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string beyond
3002 the largest possible memory allocation.
3004 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
3006 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
3007 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
3008 the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a
3009 possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
3011 =item Out of memory during request for %s
3013 (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
3014 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
3017 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
3018 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable.
3019 However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as an
3020 emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the error
3021 is trappable I<once>, and the error message will include the line and file
3022 where the failed request happened.
3024 =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request
3026 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error
3027 is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g.,
3028 C<$arr[time]> instead of C<$arr[$time]>.
3030 =item Out of memory for yacc stack
3032 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
3033 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
3036 =item '.' outside of string in pack
3038 (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the working
3039 position to before the start of the packed string being built.
3041 =item '@' outside of string in unpack
3043 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
3044 the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3046 =item '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
3048 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
3049 the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also invalid
3050 UTF-8. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3052 =item Overloaded dereference did not return a reference
3054 (F) An object with an overloaded dereference operator was dereferenced,
3055 but the overloaded operation did not return a reference. See
3058 =item Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP
3060 (F) An object with a C<qr> overload was used as part of a match, but the
3061 overloaded operation didn't return a compiled regexp. See L<overload>.
3063 =item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
3065 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
3066 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself
3067 some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a
3068 mixed-case attribute name, instead. See L<attributes>.
3070 =item pack/unpack repeat count overflow
3072 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
3073 signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3077 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a
3078 page. See L<perlform>.
3082 (P) An internal error.
3084 =item panic: attempt to call %s in %s
3086 (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
3087 an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this
3088 platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
3089 enter this branch on this platform.
3091 =item panic: ck_grep
3093 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
3095 =item panic: ck_split
3097 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.
3099 =item panic: corrupt saved stack index
3101 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than
3102 there are in the savestack.
3104 =item panic: del_backref
3106 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak
3109 =item panic: Devel::DProf inconsistent subroutine return
3111 (P) Devel::DProf called a subroutine that exited using goto(LABEL),
3112 last(LABEL) or next(LABEL). Leaving that way a subroutine called from
3113 an XSUB will lead very probably to a crash of the interpreter. This is
3114 a bug that will hopefully one day get fixed.
3118 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
3119 it wasn't an eval context.
3121 =item panic: do_subst
3123 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational
3126 =item panic: do_trans_%s
3128 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid operational
3131 =item panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d
3133 (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an C<eval>
3138 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible.
3142 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label,
3143 and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in.
3145 =item panic: hfreeentries failed to free hash
3147 (P) The internal routine used to clear a hashes entries tried repeatedly,
3148 but each time something added more entries to the hash. Most likely the hash
3149 contains an object with a reference back to the hash and a destructor that
3150 adds a new object to the hash.
3152 =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD
3154 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
3156 =item panic: INTERPCONCAT
3158 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
3160 =item panic: kid popen errno read
3162 (F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno.
3166 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered
3167 it wasn't a block context.
3169 =item panic: leave_scope clearsv
3171 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
3174 =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency
3176 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
3177 invalid enum on the top of it.
3179 =item panic: magic_killbackrefs
3181 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak
3182 references to an object.
3186 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
3188 =item panic: memory wrap
3190 (P) Something tried to allocate more memory than possible.
3192 =item panic: pad_alloc
3194 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3195 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3197 =item panic: pad_free curpad
3199 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3200 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3202 =item panic: pad_free po
3204 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
3206 =item panic: pad_reset curpad
3208 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3209 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3211 =item panic: pad_sv po
3213 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
3215 =item panic: pad_swipe curpad
3217 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3218 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3220 =item panic: pad_swipe po
3222 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
3224 =item panic: pp_iter
3226 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
3228 =item panic: pp_match%s
3230 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational
3233 =item panic: pp_split
3235 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
3237 =item panic: realloc
3239 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
3241 =item panic: restartop
3243 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and
3244 didn't supply the destination.
3248 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and
3249 then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
3251 =item panic: scan_num
3253 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
3255 =item panic: sv_chop %s
3257 (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within the
3258 scalar's string buffer.
3260 =item panic: sv_insert
3262 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there
3265 =item panic: top_env
3267 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
3269 =item panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
3271 (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that isn't permitted
3274 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
3276 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
3277 to even) byte length.
3279 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen
3281 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8_reversed with an odd (as opposed
3282 to even) byte length.
3286 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
3288 =item Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3290 (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls without
3291 consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is consumed before the
3292 nesting limit is exceeded.
3294 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3297 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
3299 (W parenthesis) You said something like
3305 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
3307 Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than comma.
3309 =item C<-p> destination: %s
3311 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
3312 command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
3313 redirected it with select().)
3315 =item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
3317 (F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
3318 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means
3319 that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
3321 =item Perl_my_%s() not available
3323 (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size,
3324 so it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
3325 conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
3326 '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3328 =item Perl_pmflag() is deprecated, and will be removed from the XS API
3330 (D deprecated) XS code called the C function C<Perl_pmflag>. This was part of
3331 Perl's listed public API for extending or embedding the perl interpreter. It has
3332 now been removed from the public API, and will be removed in a future release,
3333 hence XS code should be re-written not to use it.
3335 =item Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped
3337 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
3338 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since
3339 you upgraded, anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>.
3341 =item PERL_SH_DIR too long
3343 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
3344 C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>.
3346 =item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
3348 See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values.
3350 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
3352 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
3354 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
3355 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
3358 are supported and installed on your system.
3359 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
3361 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
3362 settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value.
3363 This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your operating
3364 system supplier and/or system administrator have set up the so-called
3365 locale system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not
3366 dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale" called "C" that
3367 Perl can and will use, the script will be run. Before you really fix
3368 the problem, however, you will get the same error message each time
3369 you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in
3370 L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
3372 =item pid %x not a child
3374 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a
3375 process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is
3376 fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
3378 =item 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
3380 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
3382 =item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3384 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The <-- HERE
3385 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
3386 Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix
3387 the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>,
3388 not C<isprint>. See L<perlre>.
3390 =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
3392 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
3393 the BSD version, which takes a pid.
3395 =item POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3397 (W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go
3398 I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example:
3399 /[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently
3400 implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and will
3401 cause fatal errors. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3402 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3404 =item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3406 (F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
3407 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions.
3408 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
3409 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
3410 backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
3411 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3413 =item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3415 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
3416 with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions. If you
3417 need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression
3418 character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[="
3419 and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
3420 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3422 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
3424 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
3425 strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as
3426 literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the
3427 parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
3429 You probably wrote something like this:
3436 when you should have written this:
3443 If you really want comments, build your list the
3444 old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas:
3448 'b', # another comment
3451 =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas
3453 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
3454 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
3455 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
3458 You probably wrote something like this:
3462 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without
3463 commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
3467 =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
3469 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for.
3470 Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the
3471 end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
3472 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
3474 =item Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator
3476 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction
3477 with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
3479 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
3481 This expression is actually equivalent to C<$x & ($y == 0)>, due to the
3482 higher precedence of C<==>. This is probably not what you want. (If you
3483 really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the
3484 parentheses explicitly and write C<$x & ($y == 0)>).
3486 =item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
3488 (W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted string
3489 but there was no array C<@foo> in scope at the time. If you wanted a
3490 literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened
3491 to the array you apparently lost track of.
3493 =item Possible unintended interpolation of $\ in regex
3495 (W ambiguous) You said something like C<m/$\/> in a regex.
3496 The regex C<m/foo$\s+bar/m> translates to: match the word 'foo', the output
3497 record separator (see L<perlvar/$\>) and the letter 's' (one time or more)
3498 followed by the word 'bar'.
3500 If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by using
3501 C<m/${\}/> (for example: C<m/foo${\}s+bar/>).
3503 If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the line
3504 followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line then you can use
3505 C<m/$(?)\/> (for example: C<m/foo$(?)\s+bar/>).
3507 =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
3509 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
3513 is now misinterpreted as
3517 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and
3518 list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put
3519 parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead
3522 =item Premature end of script headers
3526 =item printf() on closed filehandle %s
3528 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
3529 before now. Check your control flow.
3531 =item print() on closed filehandle %s
3533 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime
3534 before now. Check your control flow.
3536 =item Process terminated by SIG%s
3538 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix
3539 applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2
3540 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
3541 L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT"
3544 =item Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s
3546 (W illegalproto) A character follows % or @ in a prototype. This is useless,
3547 since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine arguments.
3549 =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
3551 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been
3552 declared or defined with a different function prototype.
3554 =item Prototype not terminated
3556 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
3559 =item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3561 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you
3562 meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3563 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3565 =item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3567 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of the
3568 {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where
3569 the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3571 =item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3573 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where
3574 it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the
3575 quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match
3576 "abc" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is
3577 C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>.
3579 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3582 =item Range iterator outside integer range
3584 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".."
3585 are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally.
3586 One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment
3587 by prepending "0" to your numbers.
3589 =item readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
3591 (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not really
3592 a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
3594 =item readline() on closed filehandle %s
3596 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
3597 before now. Check your control flow.
3599 =item read() on closed filehandle %s
3601 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
3603 =item read() on unopened filehandle %s
3605 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
3607 =item Reallocation too large: %lx
3609 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
3611 =item realloc() of freed memory ignored
3613 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
3616 =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch
3618 (F debugging) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce
3619 the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
3620 which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
3622 =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
3624 (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a package, Perl
3625 believes it found an infinite loop in the C<@ISA> hierarchy. This is a
3626 crude check that bails out after 100 levels of C<@ISA> depth.
3628 =item Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method %s
3630 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while invoking
3631 a method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance
3634 =item Reference found where even-sized list expected
3636 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list
3637 with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This usually
3638 means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant to use
3639 parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>.
3641 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
3642 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
3643 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
3644 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
3646 =item Reference is already weak
3648 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak.
3649 Doing so has no effect.
3651 =item Reference miscount in sv_replace()
3653 (W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with
3654 a reference count of other than 1.
3656 =item Reference to invalid group 0
3658 (F) You used C<\g0> or similar in a regular expression. You may refer to
3659 capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers (normal
3660 backreferences) or with strictly negative integers (relative
3661 backreferences), but using 0 does not make sense.
3663 =item Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3665 (F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are
3666 not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If you
3667 wanted to have the character with value 7 inserted into the regular expression,
3668 prepend a zero to make the number at least two digits: C<\07>
3670 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3673 =item Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3675 (F) You used something like C<\g{-7}> in your regular expression, but there are
3676 not at least seven sets of closed capturing parentheses in the expression before
3677 where the C<\g{-7}> was located.
3679 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3682 =item Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3684 (F) You used something like C<\k'NAME'> or C<< \k<NAME> >> in your regular
3685 expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing parentheses such
3686 as C<(?'NAME'...)> or C<(?<NAME>...). Check if the name has been spelled
3687 correctly both in the backreference and the declaration.
3689 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3692 =item (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3694 (F) You used something like C<(?(DEFINE)...|..)> which is illegal. The
3695 most likely cause of this error is that you left out a parenthesis inside
3696 of the C<....> part.
3698 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3701 =item regexp memory corruption
3703 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
3704 expression compiler gave it.
3706 =item Regexp out of space
3708 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it
3711 =item Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @# incompatible)
3713 (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
3714 numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
3715 terminates. You might use ^# instead. See L<perlform>.
3717 =item Replacement list is longer than search list
3719 (W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the
3720 search list. So the additional elements in the replacement list
3723 =item Reversed %s= operator
3725 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must
3726 always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.
3728 =item rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
3730 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either closed or not
3731 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
3733 =item Scalars leaked: %d
3735 (P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars:
3736 not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited.
3737 What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad,
3738 especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running.
3740 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
3742 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
3743 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar
3744 value (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always
3745 behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
3746 argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
3747 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
3748 if you're expecting only one subscript.
3750 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
3751 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
3752 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
3755 =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
3757 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single
3758 element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value
3759 (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves
3760 like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
3761 argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
3762 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
3763 if you're expecting only one subscript.
3765 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element
3766 as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will
3767 not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
3770 =item Search pattern not terminated
3772 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
3773 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3774 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error.
3776 Note that since Perl 5.9.0 a // can also be the I<defined-or>
3777 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code written
3778 in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be
3779 misparsed by pre-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern.
3781 =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern
3783 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a C<?PATTERN?>
3786 The question mark is also used as part of the ternary operator (as in
3787 C<foo ? 0 : 1>) leading to some ambiguous constructions being wrongly
3788 parsed. One way to disambiguate the parsing is to put parentheses around
3789 the conditional expression, i.e. C<(foo) ? 0 : 1>.
3791 =item %sseek() on unopened filehandle
3793 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
3794 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
3796 =item seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
3798 (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed or not
3799 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
3801 =item select not implemented
3803 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
3805 =item Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
3807 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in
3808 the current implementation.
3810 =item Semicolon seems to be missing
3812 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing
3813 semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
3815 =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
3817 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a
3818 scalar that had previously been marked as free.
3820 =item sem%s not implemented
3822 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
3824 =item send() on closed socket %s
3826 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
3827 before now. Check your control flow.
3829 =item Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3831 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The <-- HERE
3832 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3835 =item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3837 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved but
3838 has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3839 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3841 =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3843 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense. The
3844 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3845 discovered. See L<perlre>.
3847 =item Sequence \\%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3849 (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following the escape
3850 sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly written.
3852 =item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3854 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
3855 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. The <-- HERE shows in
3856 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3859 =item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3861 (F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance
3862 for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <-- HERE shows in
3863 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3866 =item 500 Server error
3872 This is the error message generally seen in a browser window when trying
3873 to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The actual error text
3874 varies widely from server to server. The most frequently-seen variants
3875 are "500 Server error", "Method (something) not permitted", "Document
3876 contains no data", "Premature end of script headers", and "Did not
3877 produce a valid header".
3879 B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>.
3881 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by the
3882 user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the user
3883 account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment variables
3884 (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in a
3885 location where the CGI server can't find it, basically, more or less.
3886 Please see the following for more information:
3888 http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
3889 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
3890 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
3892 You should also look at L<perlfaq9>.
3894 =item setegid() not implemented
3896 (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't
3897 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3900 =item seteuid() not implemented
3902 (F) You tried to assign to C<< $> >>, and your operating system doesn't
3903 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3906 =item setpgrp can't take arguments
3908 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
3909 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process
3912 =item setrgid() not implemented
3914 (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't
3915 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3918 =item setruid() not implemented
3920 (F) You tried to assign to C<$<>, and your operating system doesn't
3921 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3924 =item setsockopt() on closed socket %s
3926 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
3927 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
3928 L<perlfunc/setsockopt>.
3930 =item Setuid/gid script is writable by world
3932 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the
3933 world, because the world might have written on it already.
3935 =item Setuid script not plain file
3937 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that isn't read from a file,
3938 but from a socket, a pipe or another device.
3940 =item shm%s not implemented
3942 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
3944 =item !=~ should be !~
3946 (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
3947 interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
3948 operators: probably not what you intended.
3950 =item <> should be quotes
3952 (F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written
3955 =item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
3957 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string,
3958 as in the first argument to C<join>. Perl will treat the true or false
3959 result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string, which is
3960 probably not what you had in mind.
3962 =item shutdown() on closed socket %s
3964 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit
3967 =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
3969 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist.
3970 Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
3972 =item Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation
3974 (F) You should not use the C<~~> operator on an object that does not
3975 overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure for
3978 =item sort is now a reserved word
3980 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.
3981 But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle.
3983 =item Sort subroutine didn't return single value
3985 (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more
3986 or less than one element. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3988 =item splice() offset past end of array
3990 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of
3991 the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at the end
3992 of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you want, try
3993 explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array = $offset. See
3998 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't
3999 iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what
4000 happened.) See L<perlfunc/split>.
4002 =item Statement unlikely to be reached
4004 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a
4005 die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns
4006 unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system()
4007 instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in
4010 =item stat() on unopened filehandle %s
4012 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that
4013 was either never opened or has since been closed.
4015 =item Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
4017 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation
4018 stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to
4019 C<can> may break this.
4021 =item Subroutine %s redefined
4023 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
4026 no warnings 'redefine';
4027 eval "sub name { ... }";
4030 =item Substitution loop
4032 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution
4033 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which
4034 is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in
4035 L<perlop/"Regexp Quote-Like Operators">.
4037 =item Substitution pattern not terminated
4039 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
4040 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
4041 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
4043 =item Substitution replacement not terminated
4045 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
4046 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
4047 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
4049 =item substr outside of string
4051 (W substr),(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of
4052 a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the
4053 length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is fatal if
4054 substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an
4055 assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
4057 =item sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
4059 (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade an SV to a type which was actually
4060 inferior to its current type.
4062 =item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4064 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most two
4065 branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or both to
4066 contain alternation, such as using C<this|that|other>, enclose it in
4067 clustering parentheses:
4069 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
4071 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
4072 discovered. See L<perlre>.
4074 =item Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4076 (F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct is a
4077 number, it can be only a number. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
4078 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4080 =item switching effective %s is not implemented
4082 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real
4083 and effective uids or gids.
4087 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
4091 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
4093 A keyword is misspelled.
4094 A semicolon is missing.
4096 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
4097 An opening or closing brace is missing.
4098 A closing quote is missing.
4100 Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax
4101 error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.)
4102 The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when
4103 it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens
4104 before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input.
4105 Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon
4106 the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call
4107 C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see
4108 if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20
4111 =item syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
4113 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
4114 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
4117 =item syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
4119 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
4120 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict"
4121 or "my $var" or "our $var".
4123 =item sysread() on closed filehandle %s
4125 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
4127 =item sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
4129 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
4131 =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine
4133 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
4134 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
4135 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
4136 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
4138 =item syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
4140 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
4141 before now. Check your control flow.
4143 =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
4145 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
4146 know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
4148 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested
4150 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested
4151 for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
4153 =item tell() on unopened filehandle
4155 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that
4156 was either never opened or has since been closed.
4158 =item telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4160 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not really
4161 a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4163 =item That use of $[ is unsupported
4165 (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted
4166 as a compiler directive. You may say only one of
4175 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out
4176 from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>.
4178 =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
4180 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
4181 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they
4182 think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they
4183 will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I
4186 =item The %s function is unimplemented
4188 The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according
4189 to the probings of Configure.
4191 =item The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
4193 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
4194 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went
4195 past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename
4198 =item The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
4200 (F) This attribute was never supported on C<my> or C<sub> declarations.
4202 =item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
4204 =item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
4206 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an
4207 element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl
4208 wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll
4209 need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine
4210 F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that the environ array isn't the
4211 target of the change to
4212 %ENV which produced the warning.
4214 =item thread failed to start: %s
4216 (W threads)(S) The entry point function of threads->create() failed for some reason.
4218 =item times not implemented
4220 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
4221 suspect you're not running on Unix.
4223 =item "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
4225 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
4226 B<-T> option (or the B<-t> option), but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.
4227 This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a
4228 script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment.
4231 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
4232 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed by
4233 editing the #! line so that the B<-%c> option is a part of Perl's first
4234 argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -%c> to C<perl -%c -n>.
4236 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
4237 B<-%c> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -%c scriptname>.
4239 =item To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
4241 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
4242 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
4243 specified an illegal mapping.
4244 See L<perlunicode/"User-Defined Character Properties">.
4246 =item Too deeply nested ()-groups
4248 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level.
4250 =item Too few args to syscall
4252 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
4253 system call to call, silly dilly.
4255 =item Too late for "-%s" option
4257 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
4258 B<-M>, B<-m> or B<-C> option.
4260 In the case of B<-M> and B<-m>, this is an error because those options are
4261 not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead.
4263 The B<-C> option only works if it is specified on the command line as well
4264 (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following). Either specify
4265 this option on the command line, or, if your system supports it, make your
4266 script executable and run it directly instead of passing it to perl.
4268 =item Too late to run %s block
4270 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper,
4271 when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are
4272 loading a file with C<require> or C<do> when you should be using C<use>
4273 instead. Or perhaps you should put the C<require> or C<do> inside a
4276 =item Too many args to syscall
4278 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
4280 =item Too many arguments for %s
4282 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
4286 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
4287 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
4291 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
4292 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
4294 =item Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
4296 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
4297 Backslash it. See L<perlre>.
4299 =item Transliteration pattern not terminated
4301 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
4302 or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables
4303 C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error.
4305 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated
4307 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
4308 y/// or y[][] construct.
4310 =item '%s' trapped by operation mask
4312 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's
4313 disallowed. See L<Safe>.
4315 =item truncate not implemented
4317 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
4318 Configure knows about.
4320 =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
4322 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
4323 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be
4324 %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
4325 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>.
4327 =item umask not implemented
4329 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to
4330 use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
4332 =item Unable to create sub named "%s"
4334 (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name.
4336 =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
4338 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4339 many execution contexts were entered and left.
4341 =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
4343 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4344 many values were temporarily localized.
4346 =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
4348 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4349 many blocks were entered and left.
4351 =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
4353 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4354 many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
4356 =item Undefined format "%s" called
4358 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
4359 another package? See L<perlform>.
4361 =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
4363 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
4364 Perhaps it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>.
4366 =item Undefined subroutine &%s called
4368 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
4369 since been undefined.
4371 =item Undefined subroutine called
4373 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined,
4374 or if it was, it has since been undefined.
4376 =item Undefined subroutine in sort
4378 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem
4379 to have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
4381 =item Undefined top format "%s" called
4383 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
4384 another package? See L<perlform>.
4386 =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob
4388 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la
4389 C<*foo = undef>. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
4392 =item %s: Undefined variable
4394 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
4395 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
4397 =item unexec of %s into %s failed!
4399 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF
4400 representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
4402 =item Unicode non-character %s is illegal for interchange
4404 (W utf8) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are defined by the
4405 Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those are legal codepoints, but are
4406 reserved for internal use; so, applications shouldn't attempt to exchange
4407 them. In some cases, this message is also given if you use a codepoint that
4408 isn't in Unicode--that is it is above the legal maximum of U+10FFFF. These
4409 aren't legal at all in Unicode, so they are illegal for interchange, but can be
4410 used internally in a Perl program. If you know what you are doing you can turn
4411 off this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
4413 =item Unknown BYTEORDER
4415 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte
4418 =item Unknown open() mode '%s'
4420 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
4421 of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>,
4422 C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>.
4424 =item Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
4426 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O
4427 system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and
4428 internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>,
4429 are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't
4430 explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the
4431 value of the environment variable PERLIO.
4433 =item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
4435 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before
4436 iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of
4437 data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
4438 subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
4440 =item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
4442 You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
4444 =item Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4446 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct
4447 is not known. The condition may be lookahead or lookbehind (the condition
4448 is true if the lookahead or lookbehind is true), a (?{...}) construct (the
4449 condition is true if the code evaluates to a true value), or a number (the
4450 condition is true if the set of capturing parentheses named by the number
4453 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
4454 discovered. See L<perlre>.
4456 =item Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
4458 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
4459 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
4461 =item Unknown Unicode option value %x
4463 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
4464 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
4466 =item Unknown warnings category '%s'
4468 (F) An error issued by the C<warnings> pragma. You specified a warnings
4469 category that is unknown to perl at this point.
4471 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a module
4472 (e.g. C<use warnings 'File::Find'>), you must have imported this module
4474 =item Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4476 (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a C<*> quantifier
4477 after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review
4478 L<perlre> for details on legal verb patterns.
4482 =item unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4484 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
4485 include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it
4486 first. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem
4487 was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4489 =item unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4491 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
4492 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding the
4493 matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4494 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4496 =item Unmatched right %s bracket
4498 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening
4499 ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a
4500 general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place
4501 you were last editing.
4503 =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
4505 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
4506 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it
4507 somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a
4510 =item Unrecognized character %s; marked by <-- HERE after %s near column %d
4512 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character
4513 in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column. Perhaps you tried
4514 to run a compressed script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
4516 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4518 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
4519 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
4520 understood literally.
4521 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
4522 escape was discovered.
4524 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
4526 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
4527 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally.
4529 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4531 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
4532 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally.
4533 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
4534 escape was discovered.
4536 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
4538 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
4539 recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names
4542 =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
4544 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you
4545 think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the
4546 bad switch on your behalf.)
4548 =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
4550 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
4551 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline,
4552 PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>.
4554 =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called
4556 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
4558 =item Unsupported function %s
4560 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
4561 At least, Configure doesn't think so.
4563 =item Unsupported function fork
4565 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
4567 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors
4568 of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try
4569 changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
4571 =item Unsupported script encoding %s
4573 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which
4574 declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot read.
4576 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
4578 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at
4579 least that's what Configure thought.
4581 =item Unterminated attribute list
4583 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
4584 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
4585 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
4586 attribute too soon. See L<attributes>.
4588 =item Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
4590 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing
4591 an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis
4592 character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash
4593 character to get your parentheses to balance. See L<attributes>.
4595 =item Unterminated compressed integer
4597 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
4598 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
4599 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
4601 =item Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4603 (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB)> but did not terminate
4604 the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry.
4606 =item Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4608 (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB:ARG)> but did not terminate
4609 the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry.
4611 =item Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4613 (F) You missed a close brace on a \g{..} pattern (group reference) in
4614 a regular expression. Fix the pattern and retry.
4616 =item Unterminated <> operator
4618 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
4619 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
4620 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
4621 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
4623 =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
4625 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was
4626 still valid when C<untie> was called.
4628 =item Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
4630 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments.
4631 See L<POSIX/FUNCTIONS> for more information.
4633 =item Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
4635 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments.
4636 See L<Win32> for more information.
4638 =item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4640 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no
4641 meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
4643 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
4647 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
4649 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4650 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4652 =item Useless localization of %s
4654 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as C<local($x=10)> is
4655 legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may change at
4656 some point in the future, but in the meantime such code is discouraged.
4658 =item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4660 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no
4661 meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
4663 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
4667 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
4669 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4670 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4672 =item Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator
4674 (W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the
4675 same length as the replacelist. See L<perlop> for more information
4676 about the /d modifier.
4678 =item Useless use of %s in void context
4680 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does
4681 nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a
4682 value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very
4683 often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl
4684 to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd
4685 get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and
4690 when you meant to say
4692 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
4694 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
4695 reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
4700 when you should have said
4704 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
4705 while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
4706 a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
4707 throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
4708 L<perlref> for more on this.
4710 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1
4711 since they are often used in statements like
4713 1 while sub_with_side_effects();
4715 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
4718 =item Useless use of "re" pragma
4720 (W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful.
4722 =item Useless use of sort in scalar context
4724 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
4728 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
4730 =item Useless use of %s with no values
4732 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no arguments
4733 apart from the array, like C<push(@x)> or C<unshift(@foo)>. That won't
4734 usually have any effect on the array, so is completely useless. It's
4735 possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could have some effect
4736 if the array is tied to a class which implements a PUSH method. If so,
4737 you can write it as C<push(@tied_array,())> to avoid this warning.
4739 =item "use" not allowed in expression
4741 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
4742 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
4744 =item Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated
4746 (D deprecated) The C<$[> variable (index of the first element in an array)
4747 is deprecated. See L<perlvar/"$[">.
4749 =item Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated
4751 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted
4752 form if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
4754 =item Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated
4756 (D deprecated) The values you give to a format should be
4757 separated by commas, not just aligned on a line.
4759 =item Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated
4761 (D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to
4762 $ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this
4763 behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they
4766 Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not
4767 blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.
4769 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
4771 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
4772 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
4774 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
4776 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but didn't
4777 use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is
4778 used. (This may change in the future.)
4780 =item Use of freed value in iteration
4782 (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop?
4783 This error is typically caused by code like the following:
4786 @a = () for (1,2,@a);
4788 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over.
4789 For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full
4790 reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the
4791 middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value.
4793 =item Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated
4795 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO} form
4796 to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob.
4798 =item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
4800 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split>
4801 operator. Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern
4802 repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect.
4804 =item Use of "goto" to jump into a construct is deprecated
4806 (D deprecated) Using C<goto> to jump from an outer scope into an inner
4807 scope is deprecated and should be avoided.
4809 =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
4811 (D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines
4812 are looked up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the
4813 subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g.
4814 C<Foo::bar()>), not as methods (e.g. C<< Foo->bar() >> or C<<
4817 This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for
4818 methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base of existing
4819 code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl
4820 currently issues an optional warning when non-methods use inherited
4823 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
4824 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used
4825 to depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class
4826 named C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during
4829 In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);>
4830 you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
4831 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
4833 =item Use of octal value above 377 is deprecated
4835 (D deprecated, W regexp) There is a constant in the regular expression whose
4836 value is interpeted by Perl as octal and larger than 377 (255 decimal, 0xFF
4837 hex). Perl may take this to mean different things depending on the rest of
4838 the regular expression. If you meant such an octal value, convert it to
4839 hexadecimal and use C<\xHH> or C<\x{HH}> instead. If you meant to have
4840 part of it mean a backreference, use C<\g> for that. See L<perlre>.
4842 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported
4844 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
4845 only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
4847 =item Use of %s is deprecated
4849 (D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,
4850 generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the
4851 old way has bad side effects.
4853 =item Use of -l on filehandle %s
4855 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file
4856 it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
4857 The operation returned C<undef>. Use a filename instead.
4859 =item Use of "package" with no arguments is deprecated
4861 (D deprecated) You used the C<package> keyword without specifying a package
4862 name. So no namespace is current at all. Using this can cause many
4863 otherwise reasonable constructs to fail in baffling ways. C<use strict;>
4866 =item Use of reference "%s" as array index
4868 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably
4869 isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend
4870 to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error.
4872 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like so:
4873 C<$array[0+$ref]>. This warning is not given for overloaded objects,
4874 either, because you can overload the numification and stringification
4875 operators and then you assumably know what you are doing.
4877 =item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
4879 (D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future
4880 versions of perl may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either
4881 explicitly quoting the word in a manner appropriate for its context of
4882 use, or using a different name altogether. The warning can be
4883 suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a C<&> prefix, or using
4884 a package qualifier, e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>.
4886 =item Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
4888 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied C<system()> or C<exec()> with multiple
4889 arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used to be allowed
4890 but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl. Untaint your
4891 arguments. See L<perlsec>.
4893 =item Use of uninitialized value%s
4895 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
4896 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.
4897 To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables.
4899 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell you the
4900 name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some cases it cannot
4901 do this, so it also tells you what operation you used the undefined value
4902 in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your program and the operation
4903 displayed in the warning may not necessarily appear literally in your
4904 program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is usually optimized into C<"that "
4905 . $foo>, and the warning will refer to the C<concatenation (.)> operator,
4906 even though there is no C<.> in your program.
4908 =item Using a hash as a reference is deprecated
4910 (D deprecated) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in
4911 C<< %foo->{"bar"} >> or C<< %$ref->{"hello"} >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1
4912 used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will
4913 be removed in a future version.
4915 =item Using an array as a reference is deprecated
4917 (D deprecated) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in
4918 C<< @foo->[23] >> or C<< @$ref->[99] >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 used to
4919 allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will be
4920 removed in a future version.
4922 =item UTF-16 surrogate %s
4924 (W utf8) You tried to generate half of an UTF-16 surrogate by
4925 requesting a Unicode character between the code points 0xD800 and
4926 0xDFFF (inclusive). That range is reserved exclusively for the use of
4927 UTF-16 encoding (by having two 16-bit UCS-2 characters); but Perl
4928 encodes its characters in UTF-8, so what you got is a very illegal
4929 character. If you really really know what you are doing you can turn off
4930 this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
4932 =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
4934 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob),
4935 C<each()>, or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs
4936 can return a value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression
4937 false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these
4938 constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the
4939 C<defined> operator.
4941 =item Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
4943 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an
4944 %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string
4945 longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to
4948 =item Variable "%s" is not available
4950 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is
4951 attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently available.
4952 This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the outer lexical may be
4953 declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not yet been created.
4954 (Remember that named subs are created at compile time, while anonymous
4955 subs are created at run-time.) For example,
4957 sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
4959 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value of $a,
4960 since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely,
4961 the following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by
4962 now been created and is live:
4964 sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
4966 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has
4967 gone out of scope, for example,
4975 Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently being
4976 executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
4978 =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
4980 (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable that
4981 you apparently thought was imported from another module, because
4982 something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by
4983 that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the
4984 front of your variable.
4986 =item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in m/%s/
4988 (F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and
4989 known at compile time. See L<perlre>.
4991 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
4993 (W misc) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in the current
4994 scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the previous
4995 instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note that the
4996 earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope or until
4997 all closure referents to it are destroyed.
4999 =item Variable syntax
5001 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
5002 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
5005 =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
5007 (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a
5008 lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
5010 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of
5011 the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
5012 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
5013 outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no
5014 longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the
5015 variable will no longer be shared.
5017 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
5018 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that
5019 reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they
5020 are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
5022 =item Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5024 (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an argument
5025 or check that you are using the right verb.
5027 =item Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5029 (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument. Remove the
5030 argument or check that you are using the right verb.
5032 =item Version number must be a constant number
5034 (P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into
5035 its equivalent C<BEGIN> block found an internal inconsistency with
5038 =item Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s'
5040 (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end, which
5043 =item Warning: something's wrong
5045 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or
5046 you called it with no args and C<$@> was empty.
5048 =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
5050 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on
5051 the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk
5054 =item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
5056 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
5057 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a
5058 term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand
5059 function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
5063 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
5067 but in actual fact, you got
5071 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
5073 =item Wide character in %s
5075 (S utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting
5076 one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The easiest
5077 way to quiet this warning is simply to add the C<:utf8> layer to the
5078 output, e.g. C<binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'>. Another way to turn off the
5079 warning is to add C<no warnings 'utf8';> but that is often closer to
5080 cheating. In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the
5081 filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>.
5083 =item Within []-length '%c' not allowed
5085 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by C<[TEMPLATE]> only if
5086 C<TEMPLATE> always matches the same amount of packed bytes that can be
5087 determined from the template alone. This is not possible if it contains an
5088 of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a *-length. Redesign the template.
5090 =item write() on closed filehandle %s
5092 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
5093 before now. Check your control flow.
5095 =item %s "\x%s" does not map to Unicode
5097 When reading in different encodings Perl tries to map everything
5098 into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not legal in
5099 this encoding, for example
5101 utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
5103 if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
5105 =item 'X' outside of string
5107 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before
5108 the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
5110 =item 'x' outside of string in unpack
5112 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
5113 the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
5115 =item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
5117 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the
5118 sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip
5119 about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C wrapper around
5122 =item You need to quote "%s"
5124 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
5125 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
5126 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
5127 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it IS
5128 what you want, put an & in front.)
5130 =item Your random numbers are not that random
5132 (F) When trying to initialise the random seed for hashes, Perl could
5133 not get any randomness out of your system. This usually indicates
5134 Something Very Wrong.
5140 L<warnings>, L<perllexwarn>.