3 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 (W) A warning (optional).
11 (D) A deprecation (optional).
12 (S) A severe warning (default).
13 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
14 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
15 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
16 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
18 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above
19 (W, D & S) can be controlled using the C<warnings> pragma.
21 If a message can be controlled by the C<warnings> pragma, its warning
22 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 Optional warnings are enabled by using the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-w>
26 and B<-W> switches. Warnings may be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}>
27 to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead
28 of printing it. See L<perlvar>.
30 Default warnings are always enabled unless they are explicitly disabled
31 with the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-X> switch.
33 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
34 L<perlfunc/eval>. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively
35 disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the C<warnings> pragma.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
39 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
40 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
41 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
42 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
47 =item accept() on closed socket %s
49 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget
50 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
53 =item Allocation too large: %lx
55 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
57 =item '%c' allowed only after types %s
59 (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or unpack() only
60 after certain types. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
62 =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
64 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl
65 keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling
66 one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the
67 subroutine is not imported.
69 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
70 before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
71 Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
72 imported with the C<use subs> pragma).
74 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix
75 on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or declare the subroutine
76 to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes"> or
79 =item Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
81 (F) You wrote something like C<tr/a-z-0//> which doesn't mean anything at
82 all. To include a C<-> character in a transliteration, put it either
83 first or last. (In the past, C<tr/a-z-0//> was synonymous with
84 C<tr/a-y//>, which was probably not what you would have expected.)
86 =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
88 (W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
89 you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
90 a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
92 =item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
94 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
95 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to
96 redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.
98 =item '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
100 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
101 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and
102 into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other,
103 though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script
104 which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
106 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
113 =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
115 (W misc) The pattern match (C<//>), substitution (C<s///>), and
116 transliteration (C<tr///>) operators work on scalar values. If you apply
117 one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to
118 a scalar value -- the length of an array, or the population info of a
119 hash -- and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what
120 you meant to do. See L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for
123 =item Args must match #! line
125 (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked
126 with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems
127 impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches;
128 for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>.
130 =item Arg too short for msgsnd
132 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
134 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element
136 (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array element, such as:
141 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
143 (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or array element,
149 or a hash or array slice, such as:
151 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
152 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
154 =item %s argument is not a subroutine name
156 (F) The argument to exists() for C<exists &sub> must be a subroutine
157 name, and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this
160 =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
162 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator
163 that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
164 will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
166 =item Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
168 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O system you
169 forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers take care of transforming
170 data between external and internal representations.) Perl stopped parsing
171 the layer list at this point and did not attempt to push this layer.
172 If your program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
173 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
175 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
177 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
178 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
180 =item assertion botched: %s
182 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
184 =item Assertion failed: file "%s"
186 (P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
188 =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar
190 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments
191 must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
192 know which context to supply to the right side.
194 =item A thread exited while %d threads were running
196 (W threads)(S) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily the main
197 thread) exited while there were still other threads running.
198 Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return values of the
199 created threads by joining them, and only then exit from the main
200 thread. See L<threads>.
202 =item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
204 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in
205 the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
207 =item Attempt to bless into a reference
209 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be
210 the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've
211 supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
217 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
219 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version
220 of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for
223 bless $self, "$proto";
225 =item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
227 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key
228 which is not in its key set.
230 =item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
232 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
233 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
235 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
237 (P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas
238 that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be
239 outside any of those arenas.
241 =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
243 (P internal) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of
244 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
245 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count
246 of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
248 =item Attempt to free temp prematurely
250 (W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
251 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the
252 SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the
253 free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does
256 =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
258 (P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
260 =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
262 (W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to
263 see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0
264 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed.
265 This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or
266 that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was
267 mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been
270 =item Attempt to join self
272 (F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is an
273 impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or you may need
274 to move the join() to some other thread.
276 =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
278 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
279 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This
280 means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become
281 invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use
282 literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to
285 =item Attempt to set length of freed array
287 (W) You tried to set the length of an array which has been freed. You
288 can do this by storing a reference to the scalar representing the last index
289 of an array and later assigning through that reference. For example
291 $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
294 =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
296 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr()
297 used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to
298 dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>.
300 =item Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %s
302 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl()
303 or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively,
304 S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and
305 S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>.
307 =item Bad evalled substitution pattern
309 (F) You've used the C</e> switch to evaluate the replacement for a
310 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate,
311 most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
313 =item Bad filehandle: %s
315 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
316 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an
317 open(), or did it in another package.
319 =item Bad free() ignored
321 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never
322 been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by
323 setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 0.
325 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with "hard"
326 dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of C<Berkeley DB>
327 which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc().
331 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
333 =item Badly placed ()'s
335 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
336 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
339 =item Bad name after %s::
341 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then
342 didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside
351 $sym = "mypack::$var";
353 =item Bad realloc() ignored
355 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
356 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled
357 by setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
359 =item Bad symbol for array
361 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that
362 wasn't a symbol table entry.
364 =item Bad symbol for filehandle
366 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something
367 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
369 =item Bad symbol for hash
371 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
372 wasn't a symbol table entry.
374 =item Bareword found in conditional
376 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
377 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part
378 of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
382 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as
385 use constant TYPO => 1;
386 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
388 The C<strict> pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
390 =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
392 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
393 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
394 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
396 =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
398 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but the
399 compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps
400 you need to predeclare a package?
402 =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
404 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
405 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
408 =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
410 (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which
411 implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had already
412 occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}> could not
413 be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely
414 depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.
416 =item \1 better written as $1
418 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables.
419 The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a
420 substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form
421 because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if
422 there are more than 9 backreferences.
424 =item Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
426 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
427 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
428 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
430 =item bind() on closed socket %s
432 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to
433 check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>.
435 =item binmode() on closed filehandle %s
437 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never opened.
438 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
440 =item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
442 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
444 =item Bizarre copy of %s in %s
446 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
449 =item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
451 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to
452 iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition
453 which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown.
455 =item Callback called exit
457 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
458 exited by calling exit.
460 =item %s() called too early to check prototype
462 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the
463 parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check
464 that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an
465 early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the
466 subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype
467 checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the
468 function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid
469 the warning. See L<perlsub>.
471 =item Cannot compress integer in pack
473 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The BER
474 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you
475 attempted to compress Infinity or a very large number (> 1e308).
476 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
478 =item Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
480 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed integer
481 format can only be used with positive integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
483 =item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
485 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER compressed
486 integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted
487 to compress something else. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
489 =item Can't bless non-reference value
491 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces"
492 encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>.
494 =item Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
496 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
497 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined
498 in it, let alone methods. See L<perlobj>.
500 =item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
502 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
503 object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something
504 like this will reproduce the error:
507 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
508 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
510 =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
512 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It
513 ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you
514 didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an
515 object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>.
517 =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
519 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
520 object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a
521 defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name.
522 Something like this will reproduce the error:
525 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
526 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
528 =item Can't chdir to %s
530 (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory
531 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
533 =item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
535 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for
538 =item Can't coerce array into hash
540 (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no
541 information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that
542 only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.
544 =item Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
546 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
547 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't
557 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
559 =item Can't coerce %s to number in %s
561 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
562 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
564 =item Can't coerce %s to string in %s
566 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
567 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
569 =item Can't create pipe mailbox
571 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted
572 quotas or other plumbing problems.
574 =item Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s"
576 (F) Currently, only scalar variables can be declared with a specific
577 class qualifier in a "my" or "our" declaration. The semantics may be
578 extended for other types of variables in future.
580 =item Can't declare %s in "%s"
582 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my" or
583 "our" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
585 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
587 (S inplace) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as
588 a file in /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.
590 =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
592 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
595 =item Can't do inplace edit without backup
597 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try
598 reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say
599 C<-i.bak>, or some such.
601 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
603 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14
604 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during
605 inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored.
607 =item Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
609 (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want your
610 regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. The <-- HERE shows in the
611 regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
613 =item Can't do setegid!
615 (P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of
618 =item Can't do seteuid!
620 (P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some reason.
622 =item Can't do setuid
624 (F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to exec suidperl to do
625 setuid emulation, but couldn't exec it. It looks for a name of the form
626 sperl5.000 in the same directory that the perl executable resides under
627 the name perl5.000, typically /usr/local/bin on Unix machines. If the
628 file is there, check the execute permissions. If it isn't, ask your
629 sysadmin why he and/or she removed it.
631 =item Can't do waitpid with flags
633 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
634 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
636 =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line
638 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
639 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #!
642 =item Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
644 (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-endian,
645 or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and unpacking big- or
646 little-endian floating point values and pointers may not be possible.
647 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
649 =item Can't exec "%s": %s
651 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the
652 named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the
653 permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in
654 C<$ENV{PATH}>, the executable in question was compiled for another
655 architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that
656 can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support
661 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because
662 that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may
663 need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
665 =item Can't execute %s
667 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute
668 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
670 =item Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
672 (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but there
673 is no builtin with the name C<word>.
675 =item Can't find %s character property "%s"
677 (F) You used C<\p{}> or C<\P{}> but the character property by that name
678 could not be found. Maybe you misspelled the name of the property
679 (remember that the names of character properties consist only of
680 alphanumeric characters), or maybe you forgot the C<Is> or C<In> prefix?
682 =item Can't find label %s
684 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's
685 possible for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
687 =item Can't find %s on PATH
689 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
692 =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
694 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
695 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The
696 script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
698 =item Can't find %s property definition %s
700 (F) You may have tried to use C<\p> which means a Unicode property (for
701 example C<\p{Lu}> is all uppercase letters). If you did mean to use a
702 Unicode property, see L<perlunicode> for the list of known properties.
703 If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either
704 by C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, until
707 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
709 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means
710 that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count
711 nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis:
713 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
715 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have included
716 unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's
717 editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
721 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
724 =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
726 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference
727 between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes.
728 Under VMS, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in
729 the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into
730 account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all
731 the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to
732 the access checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using
733 the device name and FID present in the stat buffer, but this works only
734 if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine,
735 because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning
736 appears, the name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up
737 and returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access checking
738 routine knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you
739 shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises
740 only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.)
742 =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name
744 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
745 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
747 =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
749 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your
750 mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
752 =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
754 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach
755 loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
757 =item Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
759 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look like
760 a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if
761 you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no.
762 See L<perlfunc/goto>.
764 =item Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
765 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
766 comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such
767 as the reduce() function in List::Util).
769 =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
771 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
774 =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
776 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
777 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
778 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
779 routine anyway. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
781 =item Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
783 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
784 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
785 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child
786 processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This
787 situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl
788 may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
790 =item Can't "last" outside a loop block
792 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
793 except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current
794 block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish"
795 block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep(). You can
796 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the
797 inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See
800 =item Can't load '%s' for module %s
802 (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic extension. This
803 may either mean that you upgraded your version of perl to one that is
804 incompatible with your old dynamic extensions (which is known to happen
805 between major versions of perl), or (more likely) that your dynamic
806 extension was built against an older version of the library that is
807 installed on your system. You may need to rebuild your old dynamic
810 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s
812 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
813 lexical variable using "my". This is not allowed. If you want to
814 localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the
817 =item Can't localize through a reference
819 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
820 handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref
821 pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure
822 that $ref will still be a reference.
824 =item Can't locate %s
826 (F) You said to C<do> (or C<require>, or C<use>) a file that couldn't be
827 found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in @INC,
828 unless the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you
829 need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where
830 the extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name
831 to @INC. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See
832 L<perlfunc/require> and L<lib>.
834 =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
836 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
837 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes
838 are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit>
839 the file, say, by doing C<make install>.
841 =item Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
843 (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library, like
844 for example, C<foo.so> or C<bar.dll>, but the L<DynaLoader> module was
845 unable to locate this library. See L<DynaLoader>.
847 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
849 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
850 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
851 method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>.
853 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
855 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that
856 doesn't seem to exist.
858 =item Can't locate PerlIO%s
860 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
861 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
863 =item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
865 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably
868 =item Can't modify %s in %s
870 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try
871 to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
873 =item Can't modify nonexistent substring
875 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed
878 =item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call
880 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as
881 such, see L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
883 =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var
885 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
888 =item Can't "next" outside a loop block
890 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
891 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
892 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or
893 grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
894 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops
895 once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
897 =item Can't open %s: %s
899 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >>
900 filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line
901 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this
902 is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named on
905 =item Can't open a reference
907 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
908 using the 3-arg open() syntax :
912 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form of
913 open is not supported.
915 =item Can't open bidirectional pipe
917 (W pipe) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported.
918 You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such
919 as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using
920 ">", and then read it in under a different file handle.
922 =item Can't open error file %s as stderr
924 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
925 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on
926 the command line for writing.
928 =item Can't open input file %s as stdin
930 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
931 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
932 command line for reading.
934 =item Can't open output file %s as stdout
936 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
937 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on
938 the command line for writing.
940 =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
942 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
943 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined
946 =item Can't open perl script%s
948 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
950 If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on the
951 shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that search, so
952 you don't have to type the path or C<`which $scriptname`>.
954 =item Can't read CRTL environ
956 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV
957 from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was
958 missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ
959 or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not
962 =item Can't "redo" outside a loop block
964 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
965 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
966 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map()
967 or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
968 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that
969 loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>.
971 =item Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
973 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
974 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with
975 the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
977 =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
979 (S inplace) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason,
980 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
982 =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
984 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried
985 to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
987 =item Can't resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
989 (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as opposed
990 to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the package. If
991 method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
993 =item Can't reswap uid and euid
995 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of
998 =item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
1000 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
1001 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This
1004 =item Can't return outside a subroutine
1006 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
1007 there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>.
1009 =item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
1011 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue subroutine,
1012 but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl think you meant
1013 to return only one value. You probably meant to write parentheses around
1014 the call to the subroutine, which tell Perl that the call should be in
1017 =item Can't stat script "%s"
1019 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it
1020 open already. Bizarre.
1022 =item Can't swap uid and euid
1024 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of
1027 =item Can't take log of %g
1029 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
1030 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
1031 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the
1034 =item Can't take sqrt of %g
1036 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1037 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard
1038 with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1040 =item Can't undef active subroutine
1042 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can,
1043 however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the
1044 redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure.
1048 (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted, such
1049 as the main Perl stack.
1051 =item Can't upgrade that kind of scalar
1053 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making it
1054 into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are so
1055 specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message
1056 indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1058 =item Can't upgrade to undef
1060 (P) The undefined SV is the bottom of the totem pole, in the scheme of
1061 upgradability. Upgrading to undef indicates an error in the code
1064 =item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1066 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol
1067 table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous
1068 for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>.
1070 =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1072 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
1073 be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
1075 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1077 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1078 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1080 =item Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1082 (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the
1083 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
1084 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
1086 =item Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
1088 (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-endian
1089 byte-order at the same time, so this combination of modifiers is not
1090 allowed. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1092 =item Can't use %s for loop variable
1094 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a
1097 =item Can't use global %s in "my"
1099 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This
1100 is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location
1101 (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to
1102 have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
1105 =item Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
1107 (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type
1108 that is already inside a group with a byte-order modifier.
1109 For example you cannot force little-endianness on a type that
1110 is inside a big-endian group.
1112 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1114 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
1115 You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator,
1116 and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
1117 Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
1120 =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1122 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
1123 reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1124 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1126 =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1128 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1129 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1131 =item Can't use subscript on %s
1133 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1134 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1135 didn't look like an array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
1137 =item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1139 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that
1140 creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a
1141 backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular
1142 expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a
1143 value that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form
1146 =item Can't weaken a nonreference
1148 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only
1149 references can be weakened.
1151 =item Can't x= to read-only value
1153 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value)
1154 with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
1155 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
1157 =item Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
1163 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the C<"C"> format is
1164 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1165 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1169 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1172 =item Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
1178 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However, C<U0>-mode expects
1179 all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so Perl behaved as if you
1182 pack("U0W", $x & 255)
1184 =item Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
1190 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the C<"c"> format
1191 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1192 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1194 pack("c", $x & 255);
1196 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1199 =item Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1201 (W unpack) You tried something like
1203 unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
1205 where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a value
1206 below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl uses the value
1207 modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1209 unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
1211 =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
1213 (W pack) You tried something like
1215 pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
1217 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
1218 value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
1219 uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1221 pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
1223 =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1225 (W unpack) You tried something like
1227 unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
1229 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
1230 value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
1231 uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1233 unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
1235 =item close() on unopened filehandle %s
1237 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1239 =item Code missing after '/'
1241 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be another
1242 template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1244 =item %s: Command not found
1246 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1247 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1249 =item Compilation failed in require
1251 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement.
1252 Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it
1253 encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately.
1255 =item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1257 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1258 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited
1259 to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow
1260 arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without
1261 recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string
1262 under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather than
1263 in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so
1264 that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlfaq2> for information
1265 on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.)
1267 =item cond_broadcast() called on unlocked variable
1269 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1270 cond_broadcast() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_broadcast()
1271 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a
1272 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread
1273 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to
1274 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed
1275 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
1278 =item cond_signal() called on unlocked variable
1280 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1281 cond_signal() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_signal()
1282 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a
1283 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread
1284 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to
1285 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed
1286 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
1289 =item connect() on closed socket %s
1291 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget
1292 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1293 L<perlfunc/connect>.
1295 =item Constant(%s)%s: %s
1297 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to define
1298 an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character name
1299 specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you forgot to load the
1300 corresponding C<overload> or C<charnames> pragma? See L<charnames> and
1303 =item Constant is not %s reference
1305 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the C<use constant> pragma)
1306 is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference.
1307 The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This
1308 usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value.
1309 See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> and L<constant>.
1311 =item Constant subroutine %s redefined
1313 (S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been
1314 eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for
1315 commentary and workarounds.
1317 =item Constant subroutine %s undefined
1319 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible
1320 for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
1323 =item Copy method did not return a reference
1325 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See
1326 L<overload/Copy Constructor>.
1328 =item CORE::%s is not a keyword
1330 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1332 =item corrupted regexp pointers
1334 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1335 expression compiler gave it.
1337 =item corrupted regexp program
1339 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a
1342 =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
1344 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
1346 =item Count after length/code in unpack
1348 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but
1349 you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1352 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1354 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly)
1355 100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an
1356 infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in
1357 which case it indicates something else.
1359 =item defined(@array) is deprecated
1361 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it
1362 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the
1363 array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example.
1365 =item defined(%hash) is deprecated
1367 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it
1368 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the hash
1369 is empty, just use C<if (%hash) { # not empty }> for example.
1371 =item %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1373 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1374 there are neither package declarations nor a C<$VERSION>.
1376 =item Delimiter for here document is too long
1378 (F) In a here document construct like C<<<FOO>, the label C<FOO> is too
1379 long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code
1380 that triggers this error.
1382 =item Deprecated use of my() in false conditional
1384 (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to C<my $x if 0>.
1385 There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable
1386 not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false
1387 conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind of
1388 static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want people
1389 relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static effect by
1390 declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, eg
1392 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
1396 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
1398 =item DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
1400 (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which is
1401 just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort rather than
1402 to create a dangling reference.
1404 =item Did not produce a valid header
1408 =item %s did not return a true value
1410 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
1411 it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
1412 traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would
1413 do. See L<perlfunc/require>.
1415 =item (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1417 (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some
1420 =item (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1422 (W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global
1423 variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which
1426 =item (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1428 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1429 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got
1434 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or
1435 you called it with no args and both C<$@> and C<$_> were empty.
1437 =item Document contains no data
1441 =item %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1443 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1444 define a C<$VERSION.>
1446 =item '/' does not take a repeat count
1448 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code.
1449 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1451 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
1453 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1455 =item do_study: out of memory
1457 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1459 =item (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1461 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
1462 "%s found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
1463 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be
1464 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
1465 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're referencing
1466 something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the
1467 subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty
1468 "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1470 =item dump() better written as CORE::dump()
1472 (W misc) You used the obsolescent C<dump()> built-in function, without fully
1473 qualifying it as C<CORE::dump()>. Maybe it's a typo. See L<perlfunc/dump>.
1475 =item Duplicate free() ignored
1477 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1480 =item Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
1482 (W) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a type
1483 in a pack template. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1485 =item elseif should be elsif
1487 (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's
1488 ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named
1489 "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is
1490 unlikely to be what you want.
1494 (F) C<\p> and C<\P> are used to introduce a named Unicode property, as
1495 described in L<perlunicode> and L<perlre>. You used C<\p> or C<\P> in
1496 a regular expression without specifying the property name.
1498 =item entering effective %s failed
1500 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
1501 effective uids or gids failed.
1503 =item %ENV is aliased to %s
1505 (F) You're running under taint mode, and the C<%ENV> variable has been
1506 aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of the
1507 program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
1509 =item Error converting file specification %s
1511 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file
1512 specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a
1513 single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed
1514 an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the
1515 conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1517 =item %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1519 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1520 expression that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which
1521 is unsafe. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>.
1523 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time
1525 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the
1526 C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1527 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, it
1528 is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly
1529 building the pattern from an interpolated string at run time and using
1530 that in an eval(). See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1532 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
1534 (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width
1535 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'>
1536 pragma is in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1538 =item Excessively long <> operator
1540 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a
1541 Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
1542 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a
1543 variable and glob that.
1545 =item exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
1547 (F) The C<exec> function is not implemented in MacPerl. See L<perlport>.
1549 =item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors
1551 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
1553 =item Exiting eval via %s
1555 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a
1556 goto, or a loop control statement.
1558 =item Exiting format via %s
1560 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such as a
1561 goto, or a loop control statement.
1563 =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s
1565 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a
1566 sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a
1567 loop control statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
1569 =item Exiting subroutine via %s
1571 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such
1572 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
1574 =item Exiting substitution via %s
1576 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such
1577 as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
1579 =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
1581 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has
1582 the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is
1583 usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package,
1584 e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
1586 =item %s: Expression syntax
1588 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1589 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1591 =item %s failed--call queue aborted
1593 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a CHECK, INIT, or
1594 END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the queue of such
1595 routines has been prematurely ended.
1597 =item False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1599 (W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a literal
1600 character, not another character class like C<\d> or C<[:alpha:]>. The "-"
1601 in your false range is interpreted as a literal "-". Consider quoting the
1602 "-", "\-". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
1603 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
1605 =item Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
1607 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
1608 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more
1609 details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell
1610 you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
1612 =item fcntl is not implemented
1614 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a
1615 PDP-11 or something?
1617 =item Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
1619 (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string start with a length indicator
1620 which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point in asking for
1621 a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as if you specified
1624 =item Filehandle %s opened only for input
1626 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended
1627 it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or
1628 "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to
1629 write the file, use ">" or ">>". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1631 =item Filehandle %s opened only for output
1633 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If
1634 you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it
1635 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
1636 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1637 Another possibility is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0
1638 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed STDIN earlier?).
1640 =item Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
1642 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
1643 as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you closed STDOUT or STDERR
1646 =item Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
1648 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
1649 as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN previously.
1651 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name
1653 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be
1654 a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
1655 happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the
1658 =item flock() on closed filehandle %s
1660 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed
1661 some time before now. Check your control flow. flock() operates on
1662 filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the
1665 =item Format not terminated
1667 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
1668 to the end of your file without finding such a line.
1670 =item Format %s redefined
1672 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
1675 no warnings 'redefine';
1676 eval "format NAME =...";
1679 =item Found = in conditional, should be ==
1689 (or something like that).
1691 =item %s found where operator expected
1693 (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator.
1694 If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an
1695 operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an
1696 operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
1698 =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
1700 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
1702 =item gethostent not implemented
1704 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably
1705 because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname
1708 =item get%sname() on closed socket %s
1710 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed
1711 socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
1713 =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
1715 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the
1716 C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC.
1718 =item getsockopt() on closed socket %s
1720 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
1721 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1722 L<perlfunc/getsockopt>.
1724 =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
1726 (F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates that all variables
1727 must either be lexically scoped (using "my"), declared beforehand using
1728 "our", or explicitly qualified to say which package the global variable
1731 =item glob failed (%s)
1733 (W glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
1734 C<glob> and C<< <*.c> >>. Usually, this means that you supplied a
1735 C<glob> pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
1736 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
1737 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell) is
1738 broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables in
1739 config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it
1740 were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them all
1741 empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will
1742 think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run
1743 C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl.
1745 =item Glob not terminated
1747 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
1748 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
1749 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
1750 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
1752 =item Got an error from DosAllocMem
1754 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete
1755 version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
1757 =item goto must have label
1759 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
1760 unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
1762 =item ()-group starts with a count
1764 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is
1765 supposed to follow something: a template character or a ()-group.
1766 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1768 =item %s had compilation errors
1770 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails.
1772 =item Had to create %s unexpectedly
1774 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought
1775 to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be
1776 created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
1778 =item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
1780 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some
1781 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
1783 =item %s has too many errors
1785 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
1786 Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
1788 =item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
1790 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
1791 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
1792 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
1794 =item Identifier too long
1796 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to
1797 about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound
1798 names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions
1799 of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.
1801 =item Illegal binary digit %s
1803 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
1805 =item Illegal binary digit %s ignored
1807 (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
1808 binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the
1811 =item Illegal character %s (carriage return)
1813 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
1814 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this error
1815 when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason, your
1816 version of Perl appears to have been built without this support. Talk
1817 to your Perl administrator.
1819 =item Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
1821 (W syntax) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration. Legal
1822 characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, and \.
1824 =item Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
1826 (F) When using the C<sub> keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine,
1827 you must always specify a block of code. See L<perlsub>.
1829 =item Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
1831 (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See L<perlsub>.
1833 =item Illegal division by zero
1835 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in
1836 your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
1839 =item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
1841 (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or
1842 A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal
1843 number stopped before the illegal character.
1845 =item Illegal modulus zero
1847 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
1848 numbers don't take to this kindly.
1850 =item Illegal number of bits in vec
1852 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of
1853 two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
1855 =item Illegal octal digit %s
1857 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1859 =item Illegal octal digit %s ignored
1861 (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1862 Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
1864 =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s
1866 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
1867 following switches: B<-[CDIMUdmtwA]>.
1869 =item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
1871 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's
1872 internal environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=>
1873 delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored.
1875 =item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
1877 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical
1878 name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and
1879 didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was
1882 =item Impossible to activate assertion call
1884 (W assertions) You're calling an assertion function in a block that is
1885 not under the control of the C<assertions> pragma.
1887 =item (in cleanup) %s
1889 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised
1890 the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the
1891 system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of
1892 times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that
1893 would otherwise result in the same message being repeated.
1895 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag could
1896 also result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>.
1898 =item In EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647
1900 (F) An error peculiar to EBCDIC. Internally, v-strings are stored as
1901 Unicode code points, and encoded in EBCDIC as UTF-EBCDIC. The UTF-EBCDIC
1902 encoding is limited to code points no larger than 2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF).
1904 =item Insecure dependency in %s
1906 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like.
1907 The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or
1908 setgid, or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The
1909 tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly
1910 from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any
1911 such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See
1912 L<perlsec> for more information.
1914 =item Insecure directory in %s
1916 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
1917 setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by
1918 the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative directory.
1921 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
1923 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
1924 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>,
1925 C<$ENV{ENV}>, C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> or C<$ENV{TERM}> are derived from data
1926 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set
1927 the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>.
1929 =item Integer overflow in %s number
1931 (W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified
1932 either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for
1933 your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number.
1934 On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number
1935 representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or
1936 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl
1937 transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation
1938 internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent
1941 =item Integer overflow in version
1943 (F) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for the
1944 size of integers for your architecture. This is not a warning
1945 because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use a
1946 element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually caused by
1947 trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like
1950 =item Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1952 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
1953 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
1956 =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
1958 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of times
1959 you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine whether the current call
1960 to C<exec> should affect the current script or a subprocess (see
1961 L<perlvms/"exec LIST">). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so
1962 Perl is making a guess and treating this C<exec> as a request to
1963 terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command.
1965 =item Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1967 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The
1968 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
1971 =item %s (...) interpreted as function
1973 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator
1974 followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list
1975 operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
1976 L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>.
1978 =item Invalid %s attribute: %s
1980 The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized
1981 by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
1983 =item Invalid %s attributes: %s
1985 The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
1986 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
1988 =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
1990 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See
1991 L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
1993 =item Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1995 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
1996 greater than the maximum character. One possibility is that you forgot the
1997 C<{}> from your ending C<\x{}> - C<\x> without the curly braces can go only
1998 up to C<ff>. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
1999 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
2001 =item Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
2003 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
2004 character greater than the maximum character. See L<perlop>.
2006 =item Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
2008 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
2009 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
2010 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
2013 =item Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
2015 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other than a
2016 colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list.
2017 If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that
2018 list was terminated too soon.
2020 =item Invalid type '%s' in %s
2022 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type.
2023 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2024 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be
2027 =item Invalid version format (multiple underscores)
2029 (F) Versions may contain at most a single underscore, which signals
2030 that the version is a beta release. See L<version> for the allowed
2033 =item Invalid version format (underscores before decimal)
2035 (F) Versions may not contain decimals after the optional underscore.
2036 See L<version> for the allowed version formats.
2038 =item ioctl is not implemented
2040 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty
2041 strange for a machine that supports C.
2043 =item ioctl() on unopened %s
2045 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened.
2046 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
2048 =item IO layers (like "%s") unavailable
2050 (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
2051 you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO Perl must be configured
2054 =item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
2056 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
2057 neither as a system call or an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
2059 =item $* is no longer supported
2061 (D deprecated) The special variable C<$*>, deprecated in older perls, has
2062 been removed as of 5.9.0 and is no longer supported. You should use the
2063 C<//m> and C<//s> regexp modifiers instead.
2065 =item $# is no longer supported
2067 (D deprecated) The special variable C<$#>, deprecated in older perls, has
2068 been removed as of 5.9.3 and is no longer supported. You should use the
2069 printf/sprintf functions instead.
2071 =item `%s' is not a code reference
2073 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of overload::constant
2074 needs to be a code reference. Either an anonymous subroutine, or a reference
2077 =item `%s' is not an overloadable type
2079 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is
2082 =item junk on end of regexp
2084 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
2086 =item Label not found for "last %s"
2088 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop
2089 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2092 =item Label not found for "next %s"
2094 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of
2095 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2098 =item Label not found for "redo %s"
2100 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of
2101 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2104 =item leaving effective %s failed
2106 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
2107 effective uids or gids failed.
2109 =item length/code after end of string in unpack
2111 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an unpack
2112 length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in
2113 an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2115 =item listen() on closed socket %s
2117 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget
2118 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
2121 =item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2123 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can
2124 handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release. The <-- HERE
2125 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
2127 =item lstat() on filehandle %s
2129 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
2130 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat()
2131 instead on the filehandle.)
2133 =item Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet
2135 (F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array and hash
2136 values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context. See
2137 L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
2139 =item Malformed integer in [] in pack
2141 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
2142 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2144 =item Malformed integer in [] in unpack
2146 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
2147 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2149 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
2151 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form
2158 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix of
2159 a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may
2160 appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
2161 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in L<perlos2>.
2163 =item Malformed prototype for %s: %s
2165 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
2166 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check for
2167 obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check is run
2168 when the function is called.
2170 =item Malformed UTF-8 character (%s)
2172 (W utf8) Perl detected something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding rules.
2174 One possible cause is that you read in data that you thought to be in
2175 UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy 8-bit data). Another
2176 possibility is careless use of utf8::upgrade().
2178 =item Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
2180 Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while
2181 doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
2183 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
2185 (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2186 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2188 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
2190 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2191 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2193 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
2195 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2196 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2198 =item %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2200 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
2201 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. The <-- HERE
2202 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
2205 =item "%s" may clash with future reserved word
2207 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a perl4
2208 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is
2211 =item % may not be used in pack
2213 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
2214 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way.
2215 See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
2217 =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
2219 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2220 doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2222 =item Method %s not permitted
2226 =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
2228 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused
2229 by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually
2230 ended earlier on the current line.
2232 =item Misplaced _ in number
2234 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
2235 separate two digits.
2237 =item Missing argument to -%c
2239 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
2240 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
2242 =item Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}
2244 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within
2245 double-quotish context.
2247 =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function
2249 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
2250 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
2252 =item Missing command in piped open
2254 (W pipe) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or
2255 C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or
2258 =item Missing control char name in \c
2260 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required control
2263 =item Missing name in "my sub"
2265 (F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that
2266 they have a name with which they can be found.
2268 =item Missing $ on loop variable
2270 (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables
2271 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it
2272 can vary from one line to the next.
2274 =item (Missing operator before %s?)
2276 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
2277 "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
2279 =item Missing right brace on %s
2281 (F) Missing right brace in C<\p{...}> or C<\P{...}>.
2283 =item Missing right curly or square bracket
2285 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing
2286 ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you
2289 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
2291 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
2292 "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
2293 the previous line just because you saw this message.
2295 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted
2297 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
2298 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
2299 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
2301 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
2304 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string.
2306 Yet another way is to assign to a C<foreach> loop I<VAR> when I<VAR>
2307 is aliased to a constant in the look I<LIST>:
2310 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
2311 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to modify the 2
2314 =item Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
2316 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
2317 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array
2320 =item Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
2322 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
2323 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
2325 =item Module name must be constant
2327 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use".
2329 =item Module name required with -%c option
2331 (F) The C<-M> or C<-m> options say that Perl should load some module, but
2332 you omitted the name of the module. Consult L<perlrun> for full details
2333 about C<-M> and C<-m>.
2335 =item More than one argument to open
2337 (F) The C<open> function has been asked to open multiple files. This
2338 can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes a
2339 list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open mode.
2340 See L<perlfunc/open> for details.
2342 =item msg%s not implemented
2344 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
2346 =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
2348 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>.
2349 They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
2351 =item '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
2353 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not
2354 follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
2355 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2357 =item "my sub" not yet implemented
2359 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try
2362 =item "my" variable %s can't be in a package
2364 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make
2365 sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use
2366 local() if you want to localize a package variable.
2368 =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
2370 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
2371 If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention it
2372 again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> declaration is
2373 provided for this purpose.
2375 NOTE: This warning detects symbols that have been used only once so $c, @c,
2376 %c, *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or format) are considered
2377 the same; if a program uses $c only once but also uses any of the others it
2378 will not trigger this warning.
2380 =item Negative '/' count in unpack
2382 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was
2383 negative. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2385 =item Negative length
2387 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
2388 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
2390 =item Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
2392 (F) When C<vec> is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be
2393 greater than or equal to zero.
2395 =item Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2397 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. So
2398 things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The <-- HERE shows in the regular
2399 expression about where the problem was discovered.
2401 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and
2402 C<??> appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>.
2404 =item %s never introduced
2406 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of
2407 scope before it could possibly have been used.
2409 =item No %s allowed while running setuid
2411 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or
2412 setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there
2413 will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
2414 securable. See L<perlsec>.
2416 =item No comma allowed after %s
2418 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not
2419 allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments.
2420 Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
2422 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
2423 constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such
2424 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating system
2425 does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an
2426 explicit import list for the constants you expect to see, please see
2427 L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an explicit import list
2428 would probably have caught this error earlier it naturally does not
2429 remedy the fact that your operating system still does not support that
2430 constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the symbol import
2431 list of B<use> or B<import> or in the constant name at the line where
2432 this error was triggered?
2434 =item No command into which to pipe on command line
2436 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2437 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
2438 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
2440 =item No DB::DB routine defined
2442 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
2443 for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::>
2444 module) didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each
2447 =item No dbm on this machine
2449 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should
2450 supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>.
2452 =item No DB::sub routine defined
2454 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
2455 for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::>
2456 module) didn't define a C<DB::sub> routine to be called at the beginning
2457 of each ordinary subroutine call.
2459 =item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
2461 (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
2463 =item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
2465 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2466 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't
2467 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
2469 =item No group ending character '%c' found in template
2471 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
2472 matching counterpart. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2474 =item No input file after < on command line
2476 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2477 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the
2478 name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
2482 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2483 even on machines that don't support the #! construct.
2485 =item "no" not allowed in expression
2487 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
2488 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
2490 =item No output file after > on command line
2492 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2493 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it
2494 doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
2496 =item No output file after > or >> on command line
2498 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2499 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't
2500 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.
2502 =item No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
2504 (F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our"
2505 declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing
2506 semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
2508 =item No Perl script found in input
2510 (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning
2511 with #! and containing the word "perl".
2513 =item No setregid available
2515 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for
2518 =item No setreuid available
2520 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
2523 =item No %s specified for -%c
2525 (F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but
2526 you haven't specified one.
2528 =item No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
2530 (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated typed variable
2531 but that key is not allowed by the package of the same type. The indicated
2532 package has restricted the set of allowed keys using the L<fields> pragma.
2534 =item No such class %s
2536 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my" or "our" declaration, but
2537 this class doesn't exist at this point in your program.
2539 =item No such pipe open
2541 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to
2542 close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught
2543 earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
2545 =item No such signal: SIG%s
2547 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was
2548 not recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal
2549 names on your system.
2551 =item Not a CODE reference
2553 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2554 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2555 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2558 =item Not a format reference
2560 (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous
2561 format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist.
2563 =item Not a GLOB reference
2565 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is, a
2566 symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to
2567 something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out what
2568 kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2570 =item Not a HASH reference
2572 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a
2573 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function to
2574 find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2576 =item Not an ARRAY reference
2578 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found
2579 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2580 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2582 =item Not a perl script
2584 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2585 even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The line must
2588 =item Not a SCALAR reference
2590 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found
2591 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2592 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2594 =item Not a subroutine reference
2596 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2597 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2598 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2601 =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table
2603 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2604 doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2606 =item Not enough arguments for %s
2608 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
2610 =item Not enough format arguments
2612 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line
2613 supplied. See L<perlform>.
2617 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
2618 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2621 =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
2623 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
2624 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent
2625 to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
2626 F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which
2627 need to be added to UTC to get local time.
2629 =item Non-string passed as bitmask
2631 (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to select().
2632 Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor bitmasks for
2633 select. See L<perlfunc/select>
2635 =item Null filename used
2637 (F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many
2638 machines that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
2640 =item NULL OP IN RUN
2642 (P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
2645 =item Null picture in formline
2647 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
2648 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
2649 supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>.
2653 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
2655 =item NULL regexp argument
2657 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
2659 =item NULL regexp parameter
2661 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
2663 =item Number too long
2665 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to
2666 about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
2667 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In
2668 the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of
2671 =item Octal number in vector unsupported
2673 (F) Numbers with a leading C<0> are not currently allowed in vectors.
2674 The octal number interpretation of such numbers may be supported in a
2677 =item Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
2679 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
2680 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
2681 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
2683 See also L<perlport> for writing portable code.
2685 =item Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
2687 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number of
2688 arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
2690 =item Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
2692 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
2693 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2695 =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment
2697 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
2698 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2700 =item Offset outside string
2702 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with an offset
2703 pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to imagine. The sole
2704 exception to this is that C<sysread()>ing past the buffer will extend
2705 the buffer and zero pad the new area.
2707 =item %s() on unopened %s
2709 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was
2710 never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket()
2711 call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
2713 =item -%s on unopened filehandle %s
2715 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle
2716 that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
2720 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2724 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2726 =item Operation "%s": no method found, %s
2728 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no
2729 handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms
2730 of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless
2731 C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be true. See L<overload>.
2733 =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s
2735 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser
2736 was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to
2737 use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For
2738 example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you said
2741 =item "our" variable %s redeclared
2743 (W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before
2744 in the current lexical scope.
2746 =item Out of memory!
2748 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
2749 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has
2750 no option but to exit immediately.
2752 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your
2753 process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use C<limit> and
2754 C<limit datasize n> (where C<n> is the number of kilobytes) to check
2755 the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use C<ulimit -a>
2756 and C<ulimit -d n>, respectively.
2758 =item Out of memory during %s extend
2760 (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string beyond
2761 the largest possible memory allocation.
2763 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
2765 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
2766 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
2767 the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a
2768 possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
2770 =item Out of memory during request for %s
2772 (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
2773 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
2776 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
2777 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable.
2778 However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as an
2779 emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the error
2780 is trappable I<once>, and the error message will include the line and file
2781 where the failed request happened.
2783 =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request
2785 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error
2786 is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g.,
2787 C<$arr[time]> instead of C<$arr[$time]>.
2789 =item Out of memory for yacc stack
2791 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
2792 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
2795 =item '.' outside of string in pack
2797 (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the working
2798 position to before the start of the packed string being built.
2800 =item '@' outside of string in unpack
2802 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
2803 the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2805 =item '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
2807 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
2808 the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also invalid
2809 UTF-8. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2811 =item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
2813 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
2814 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself
2815 some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a
2816 mixed-case attribute name, instead. See L<attributes>.
2818 =item pack/unpack repeat count overflow
2820 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
2821 signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2825 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a
2826 page. See L<perlform>.
2830 (P) An internal error.
2832 =item panic: ck_grep
2834 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
2836 =item panic: ck_split
2838 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.
2840 =item panic: corrupt saved stack index
2842 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than
2843 there are in the savestack.
2845 =item panic: del_backref
2847 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak
2850 =item panic: Devel::DProf inconsistent subroutine return
2852 (P) Devel::DProf called a subroutine that exited using goto(LABEL),
2853 last(LABEL) or next(LABEL). Leaving that way a subroutine called from
2854 an XSUB will lead very probably to a crash of the interpreter. This is
2855 a bug that will hopefully one day get fixed.
2859 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
2860 it wasn't an eval context.
2862 =item panic: do_subst
2864 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational
2867 =item panic: do_trans_%s
2869 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid operational
2874 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible.
2878 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label,
2879 and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in.
2881 =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD
2883 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
2885 =item panic: INTERPCONCAT
2887 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
2889 =item panic: kid popen errno read
2891 (F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno.
2895 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered
2896 it wasn't a block context.
2898 =item panic: leave_scope clearsv
2900 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
2903 =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency
2905 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
2906 invalid enum on the top of it.
2908 =item panic: magic_killbackrefs
2910 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak
2911 references to an object.
2915 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
2917 =item panic: memory wrap
2919 (P) Something tried to allocate more memory than possible.
2921 =item panic: null array
2923 (P) One of the internal array routines was passed a null AV pointer.
2925 =item panic: pad_alloc
2927 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2928 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2930 =item panic: pad_free curpad
2932 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2933 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2935 =item panic: pad_free po
2937 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2939 =item panic: pad_reset curpad
2941 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2942 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2944 =item panic: pad_sv po
2946 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2948 =item panic: pad_swipe curpad
2950 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
2951 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2953 =item panic: pad_swipe po
2955 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2957 =item panic: pp_iter
2959 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
2961 =item panic: pp_match%s
2963 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational
2966 =item panic: pp_split
2968 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
2970 =item panic: realloc
2972 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
2974 =item panic: restartop
2976 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and
2977 didn't supply the destination.
2981 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and
2982 then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
2984 =item panic: scan_num
2986 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
2988 =item panic: sv_insert
2990 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there
2993 =item panic: top_env
2995 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
2997 =item panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
2999 (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that isn't permitted
3002 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
3004 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
3005 to even) byte length.
3009 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
3011 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
3013 (W parenthesis) You said something like
3019 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
3021 Remember that "my", "our", and "local" bind tighter than comma.
3023 =item C<-p> destination: %s
3025 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
3026 command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
3027 redirected it with select().)
3029 =item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
3031 (F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
3032 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means
3033 that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
3035 =item Perl_my_%s() not available
3037 (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size,
3038 so it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
3039 conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
3040 '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3042 =item Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped
3044 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
3045 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since
3046 you upgraded, anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>.
3048 =item PERL_SH_DIR too long
3050 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
3051 C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>.
3053 =item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
3055 See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values.
3057 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
3059 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
3061 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
3062 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
3065 are supported and installed on your system.
3066 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
3068 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
3069 settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value.
3070 This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your operating
3071 system supplier and/or system administrator have set up the so-called
3072 locale system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not
3073 dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale" called "C" that
3074 Perl can and will use, the script will be run. Before you really fix
3075 the problem, however, you will get the same error message each time
3076 you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in
3077 L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
3079 =item Permission denied
3081 (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.
3083 =item pid %x not a child
3085 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a
3086 process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is
3087 fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
3089 =item 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
3091 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
3093 =item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script
3095 (F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,
3096 which provides a race condition that breaks security.
3098 =item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3100 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The <-- HERE
3101 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
3102 Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix
3103 the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>,
3104 not C<isprint>. See L<perlre>.
3106 =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
3108 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
3109 the BSD version, which takes a pid.
3111 =item POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3113 (W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go
3114 I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example:
3115 /[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently
3116 implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and will
3117 cause fatal errors. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3118 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3120 =item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3122 (F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
3123 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions.
3124 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
3125 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
3126 backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
3127 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3129 =item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3131 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
3132 with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions. If you
3133 need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression
3134 character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[="
3135 and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
3136 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3138 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
3140 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
3141 strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as
3142 literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the
3143 parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
3145 You probably wrote something like this:
3152 when you should have written this:
3159 If you really want comments, build your list the
3160 old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas:
3164 'b', # another comment
3167 =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas
3169 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
3170 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
3171 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
3174 You probably wrote something like this:
3178 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without
3179 commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
3183 =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
3185 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for.
3186 Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the
3187 end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
3188 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
3190 =item Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator
3192 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction
3193 with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
3195 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
3197 This expression is actually equivalent to C<$x & ($y == 0)>, due to the
3198 higher precedence of C<==>. This is probably not what you want. (If you
3199 really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the
3200 parentheses explicitly and write C<$x & ($y == 0)>).
3202 =item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
3204 (W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted string
3205 but there was no array C<@foo> in scope at the time. If you wanted a
3206 literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened
3207 to the array you apparently lost track of.
3209 =item pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead
3211 (D deprecated) You have written something like this:
3215 use attrs qw(locked);
3218 You should use the new declaration syntax instead.
3224 The C<use attrs> pragma is now obsolete, and is only provided for
3225 backward-compatibility. See L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes">.
3227 =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
3229 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
3233 is now misinterpreted as
3237 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and
3238 list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put
3239 parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead
3242 =item Premature end of script headers
3246 =item printf() on closed filehandle %s
3248 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
3249 before now. Check your control flow.
3251 =item print() on closed filehandle %s
3253 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime
3254 before now. Check your control flow.
3256 =item Process terminated by SIG%s
3258 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix
3259 applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2
3260 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
3261 L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT"
3264 =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
3266 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been
3267 declared or defined with a different function prototype.
3269 =item Prototype not terminated
3271 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
3274 =item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3276 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you
3277 meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3278 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3280 =item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3282 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of the
3283 {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where
3284 the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3286 =item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3288 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where
3289 it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the
3290 quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match
3291 "abc" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is
3292 C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>.
3294 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3297 =item Range iterator outside integer range
3299 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".."
3300 are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally.
3301 One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment
3302 by prepending "0" to your numbers.
3304 =item readline() on closed filehandle %s
3306 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
3307 before now. Check your control flow.
3309 =item read() on closed filehandle %s
3311 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
3313 =item read() on unopened filehandle %s
3315 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
3317 =item Reallocation too large: %lx
3319 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
3321 =item realloc() of freed memory ignored
3323 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
3326 =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch
3328 (F debugging) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce
3329 the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
3330 which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
3332 =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
3334 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were used. Probably indicates
3335 an unintended loop in your inheritance hierarchy.
3337 =item Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method %s
3339 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while invoking
3340 a method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance
3343 =item Reference found where even-sized list expected
3345 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list
3346 with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This usually
3347 means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant to use
3348 parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>.
3350 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
3351 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
3352 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
3353 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
3355 =item Reference is already weak
3357 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak.
3358 Doing so has no effect.
3360 =item Reference miscount in sv_replace()
3362 (W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with
3363 a reference count of other than 1.
3365 =item Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3367 (F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are
3368 not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If you
3369 wanted to have the character with value 7 inserted into the regular expression,
3370 prepend a zero to make the number at least two digits: C<\07>
3372 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3375 =item regexp memory corruption
3377 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
3378 expression compiler gave it.
3380 =item Regexp out of space
3382 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it
3385 =item Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @# incompatible)
3387 (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
3388 numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
3389 terminates. You might use ^# instead. See L<perlform>.
3391 =item Reversed %s= operator
3393 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must
3394 always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.
3396 =item Runaway format
3398 (F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence, but it
3399 produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly like the
3400 199th line. Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to exhaust
3401 themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by
3402 shifting or popping (for array variables). See L<perlform>.
3404 =item Scalars leaked: %d
3406 (P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars:
3407 not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited.
3408 What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad,
3409 especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running.
3411 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
3413 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
3414 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar
3415 value (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always
3416 behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
3417 argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
3418 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
3419 if you're expecting only one subscript.
3421 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
3422 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
3423 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
3426 =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
3428 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single
3429 element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value
3430 (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves
3431 like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
3432 argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
3433 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
3434 if you're expecting only one subscript.
3436 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element
3437 as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will
3438 not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
3441 =item Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
3443 (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a setuid
3444 or setgid bit set. This doesn't make much sense.
3446 =item Search pattern not terminated
3448 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
3449 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3450 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error.
3452 Note that since Perl 5.9.0 a // can also be the I<defined-or>
3453 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code written
3454 in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be
3455 misparsed by pre-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern.
3457 =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern
3459 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a C<?PATTERN?>
3462 The question mark is also used as part of the ternary operator (as in
3463 C<foo ? 0 : 1>) leading to some ambiguous constructions being wrongly
3464 parsed. One way to disambiguate the parsing is to put parentheses around
3465 the conditional expression, i.e. C<(foo) ? 0 : 1>.
3467 =item %sseek() on unopened filehandle
3469 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
3470 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
3472 =item select not implemented
3474 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
3476 =item Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
3478 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in
3479 the current implementation.
3481 =item Semicolon seems to be missing
3483 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing
3484 semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
3486 =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
3488 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a
3489 scalar that had previously been marked as free.
3491 =item sem%s not implemented
3493 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
3495 =item send() on closed socket %s
3497 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
3498 before now. Check your control flow.
3500 =item Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3502 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The <-- HERE
3503 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3506 =item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3508 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved but
3509 has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3510 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3512 =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3514 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense. The
3515 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3516 discovered. See L<perlre>.
3518 =item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3520 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
3521 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. The <-- HERE shows in
3522 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3525 =item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3527 (F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance
3528 for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <-- HERE shows in
3529 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3532 =item 500 Server error
3538 This is the error message generally seen in a browser window when trying
3539 to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The actual error text
3540 varies widely from server to server. The most frequently-seen variants
3541 are "500 Server error", "Method (something) not permitted", "Document
3542 contains no data", "Premature end of script headers", and "Did not
3543 produce a valid header".
3545 B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>.
3547 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by the
3548 user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the user
3549 account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment variables
3550 (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in a
3551 location where the CGI server can't find it, basically, more or less.
3552 Please see the following for more information:
3554 http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
3555 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
3556 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
3558 You should also look at L<perlfaq9>.
3560 =item setegid() not implemented
3562 (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't
3563 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3566 =item seteuid() not implemented
3568 (F) You tried to assign to C<< $> >>, and your operating system doesn't
3569 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3572 =item setpgrp can't take arguments
3574 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
3575 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process
3578 =item setrgid() not implemented
3580 (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't
3581 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3584 =item setruid() not implemented
3586 (F) You tried to assign to C<$<>, and your operating system doesn't
3587 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3590 =item setsockopt() on closed socket %s
3592 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
3593 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
3594 L<perlfunc/setsockopt>.
3596 =item Setuid/gid script is writable by world
3598 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the
3599 world, because the world might have written on it already.
3601 =item Setuid script not plain file
3603 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that isn't read from a file,
3604 but from a socket, a pipe or another device.
3606 =item shm%s not implemented
3608 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
3610 =item !=~ should be !~
3612 (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
3613 interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
3614 operators: probably not what you intended.
3616 =item <> should be quotes
3618 (F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written
3621 =item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
3623 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string,
3624 as in the first argument to C<join>. Perl will treat the true or false
3625 result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string, which is
3626 probably not what you had in mind.
3628 =item shutdown() on closed socket %s
3630 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit
3633 =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
3635 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist.
3636 Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
3638 =item sort is now a reserved word
3640 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.
3641 But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle.
3643 =item Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
3645 (F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You probably blew
3646 it by not using C<< <=> >> or C<cmp>, or by not using them correctly.
3647 See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3649 =item Sort subroutine didn't return single value
3651 (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more
3652 or less than one element. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3654 =item splice() offset past end of array
3656 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of
3657 the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at the end
3658 of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you want, try
3659 explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array = $offset. See
3664 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't
3665 iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what
3666 happened.) See L<perlfunc/split>.
3668 =item Statement unlikely to be reached
3670 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a
3671 die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns
3672 unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system()
3673 instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in
3676 =item stat() on unopened filehandle %s
3678 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that
3679 was either never opened or has since been closed.
3681 =item Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s"
3683 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation
3684 stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to
3685 C<can> may break this.
3687 =item Subroutine %s redefined
3689 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
3692 no warnings 'redefine';
3693 eval "sub name { ... }";
3696 =item Substitution loop
3698 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution
3699 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which
3700 is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in
3701 L<perlop/"Quote and Quote-like Operators">.
3703 =item Substitution pattern not terminated
3705 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
3706 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3707 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
3709 =item Substitution replacement not terminated
3711 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
3712 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3713 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
3715 =item substr outside of string
3717 (W substr),(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of
3718 a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the
3719 length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is fatal if
3720 substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an
3721 assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
3723 =item suidperl is no longer needed since %s
3725 (F) Your Perl was compiled with B<-D>SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but
3726 a version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.
3728 =item sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
3730 (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade an SV to a type which was actually
3731 inferior to its current type.
3733 =item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3735 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most two
3736 branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or both to
3737 contain alternation, such as using C<this|that|other>, enclose it in
3738 clustering parentheses:
3740 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
3742 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3743 discovered. See L<perlre>.
3745 =item Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3747 (F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct is a
3748 number, it can be only a number. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
3749 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3751 =item switching effective %s is not implemented
3753 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real
3754 and effective uids or gids.
3758 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
3762 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
3764 A keyword is misspelled.
3765 A semicolon is missing.
3767 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
3768 An opening or closing brace is missing.
3769 A closing quote is missing.
3771 Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax
3772 error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.)
3773 The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when
3774 it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens
3775 before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input.
3776 Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon
3777 the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call
3778 C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see
3779 if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20
3782 =item syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
3784 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
3785 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
3788 =item syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
3790 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
3791 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict"
3792 or "my $var" or "our $var".
3794 =item sysread() on closed filehandle %s
3796 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
3798 =item sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
3800 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
3802 =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine
3804 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
3805 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
3806 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
3807 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
3809 =item syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
3811 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
3812 before now. Check your control flow.
3814 =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
3816 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
3817 know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
3819 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested
3821 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested
3822 for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
3824 =item tell() on unopened filehandle
3826 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that
3827 was either never opened or has since been closed.
3829 =item That use of $[ is unsupported
3831 (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted
3832 as a compiler directive. You may say only one of
3841 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out
3842 from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>.
3844 =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
3846 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
3847 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they
3848 think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they
3849 will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I
3852 =item The %s function is unimplemented
3854 The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according
3855 to the probings of Configure.
3857 =item The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
3859 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
3860 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went
3861 past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename
3864 =item The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
3866 (F) Currently this attribute is not supported on C<my> or C<sub>
3867 declarations. See L<perlfunc/our>.
3869 =item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
3871 =item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
3873 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an
3874 element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl
3875 wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll
3876 need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine
3877 F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that the environ array isn't the
3878 target of the change to
3879 %ENV which produced the warning.
3881 =item thread failed to start: %s
3883 (W threads)(S) The entry point function of threads->create() failed for some reason.
3885 =item times not implemented
3887 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
3888 suspect you're not running on Unix.
3890 =item "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
3892 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
3893 B<-T> option, but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.
3894 This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a
3895 script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment.
3898 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
3899 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed by
3900 editing the #! line so that the B<-T> option is a part of Perl's first
3901 argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -T> to C<perl -T -n>.
3903 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
3904 B<-T> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -T scriptname>.
3906 =item To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
3908 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
3909 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
3910 specified an illegal mapping.
3911 See L<perlunicode/"User-Defined Character Properties">.
3913 =item Too deeply nested ()-groups
3915 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level.
3917 =item Too few args to syscall
3919 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
3920 system call to call, silly dilly.
3922 =item Too late for "-%s" option
3924 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
3925 B<-M>, B<-m> or B<-C> option. This is an error because those options
3926 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead.
3928 =item Too late to run %s block
3930 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper,
3931 when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are
3932 loading a file with C<require> or C<do> when you should be using C<use>
3933 instead. Or perhaps you should put the C<require> or C<do> inside a
3936 =item Too many args to syscall
3938 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
3940 =item Too many arguments for %s
3942 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
3946 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
3947 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
3951 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
3952 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
3954 =item Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
3956 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
3957 Backslash it. See L<perlre>.
3959 =item Transliteration pattern not terminated
3961 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
3962 or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables
3963 C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error.
3965 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated
3967 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
3968 y/// or y[][] construct.
3970 =item '%s' trapped by operation mask
3972 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's
3973 disallowed. See L<Safe>.
3975 =item truncate not implemented
3977 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
3978 Configure knows about.
3980 =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
3982 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
3983 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be
3984 %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
3985 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>.
3987 =item umask not implemented
3989 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to
3990 use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
3992 =item Unable to create sub named "%s"
3994 (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name.
3996 =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
3998 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
3999 many execution contexts were entered and left.
4001 =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
4003 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4004 many values were temporarily localized.
4006 =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
4008 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4009 many blocks were entered and left.
4011 =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
4013 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4014 many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
4016 =item Undefined format "%s" called
4018 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
4019 another package? See L<perlform>.
4021 =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
4023 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
4024 Perhaps it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>.
4026 =item Undefined subroutine &%s called
4028 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
4029 since been undefined.
4031 =item Undefined subroutine called
4033 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined,
4034 or if it was, it has since been undefined.
4036 =item Undefined subroutine in sort
4038 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem
4039 to have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
4041 =item Undefined top format "%s" called
4043 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
4044 another package? See L<perlform>.
4046 =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob
4048 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la
4049 C<*foo = undef>. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
4052 =item %s: Undefined variable
4054 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
4055 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
4057 =item unexec of %s into %s failed!
4059 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF
4060 representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
4062 =item Unicode character %s is illegal
4064 (W utf8) Certain Unicode characters have been designated off-limits by
4065 the Unicode standard and should not be generated. If you really know
4066 what you are doing you can turn off this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
4068 =item Unknown BYTEORDER
4070 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte
4073 =item Unknown open() mode '%s'
4075 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
4076 of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>,
4077 C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>.
4079 =item Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
4081 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O
4082 system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and
4083 internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>,
4084 are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't
4085 explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the
4086 value of the environment variable PERLIO.
4088 =item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
4090 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before
4091 iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of
4092 data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
4093 subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
4095 =item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
4097 You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
4099 =item Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4101 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct
4102 is not known. The condition may be lookahead or lookbehind (the condition
4103 is true if the lookahead or lookbehind is true), a (?{...}) construct (the
4104 condition is true if the code evaluates to a true value), or a number (the
4105 condition is true if the set of capturing parentheses named by the number
4108 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
4109 discovered. See L<perlre>.
4111 =item Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
4113 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
4114 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
4116 =item Unknown Unicode option value %x
4118 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
4119 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
4121 =item Unknown warnings category '%s'
4123 (F) An error issued by the C<warnings> pragma. You specified a warnings
4124 category that is unknown to perl at this point.
4126 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a module
4127 (e.g. C<use warnings 'File::Find'>), you must have imported this module
4130 =item unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4132 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
4133 include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it
4134 first. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem
4135 was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4137 =item unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4139 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
4140 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding the
4141 matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4142 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4144 =item Unmatched right %s bracket
4146 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening
4147 ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a
4148 general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place
4149 you were last editing.
4151 =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
4153 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
4154 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it
4155 somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a
4158 =item Unrecognized character %s
4160 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character
4161 in your Perl script (or eval). Perhaps you tried to run a compressed
4162 script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
4164 =item /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through
4166 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
4167 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
4168 understood literally.
4170 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
4172 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
4175 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4177 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
4178 recognized by Perl. This combination appears in an interpolated variable or
4179 a C<'>-delimited regular expression. The character was understood
4180 literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
4181 escape was discovered.
4183 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
4185 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
4186 recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names
4189 =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
4191 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you
4192 think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the
4193 bad switch on your behalf.)
4195 =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
4197 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
4198 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline,
4199 PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>.
4201 =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called
4203 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
4205 =item Unsupported function %s
4207 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
4208 At least, Configure doesn't think so.
4210 =item Unsupported function fork
4212 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
4214 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors
4215 of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try
4216 changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
4218 =item Unsupported script encoding %s
4220 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which
4221 declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot read.
4223 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
4225 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at
4226 least that's what Configure thought.
4228 =item Unterminated attribute list
4230 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
4231 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
4232 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
4233 attribute too soon. See L<attributes>.
4235 =item Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
4237 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing
4238 an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis
4239 character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash
4240 character to get your parentheses to balance. See L<attributes>.
4242 =item Unterminated compressed integer
4244 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
4245 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
4246 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
4248 =item Unterminated <> operator
4250 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
4251 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
4252 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
4253 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
4255 =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
4257 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was
4258 still valid when C<untie> was called.
4260 =item Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
4262 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments.
4263 See L<POSIX/FUNCTIONS> for more information.
4265 =item Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
4267 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments.
4268 See L<Win32> for more information.
4270 =item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4272 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no
4273 meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
4275 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
4279 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
4281 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4282 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4284 =item Useless localization of %s
4286 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as C<local($x=10)> is
4287 legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may change at
4288 some point in the future, but in the meantime such code is discouraged.
4290 =item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4292 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no
4293 meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
4295 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
4299 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
4301 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4302 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4304 =item Useless use of %s in void context
4306 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does
4307 nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a
4308 value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very
4309 often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl
4310 to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd
4311 get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and
4316 when you meant to say
4318 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
4320 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
4321 reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
4326 when you should have said
4330 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
4331 while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
4332 a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
4333 throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
4334 L<perlref> for more on this.
4336 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1
4337 since they are often used in statements like
4339 1 while sub_with_side_effects() ;
4341 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
4344 =item Useless use of "re" pragma
4346 (W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful.
4348 =item Useless use of sort in scalar context
4350 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
4354 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
4356 =item Useless use of %s with no values
4358 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no arguments
4359 apart from the array, like C<push(@x)> or C<unshift(@foo)>. That won't
4360 usually have any effect on the array, so is completely useless. It's
4361 possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could have some effect
4362 if the array is tied to a class which implements a PUSH method. If so,
4363 you can write it as C<push(@tied_array,())> to avoid this warning.
4365 =item "use" not allowed in expression
4367 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
4368 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
4370 =item Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated
4372 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form
4373 if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
4375 =item Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated
4377 (D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to
4378 $ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this
4379 behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they
4382 Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not
4383 blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.
4385 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
4387 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
4388 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
4390 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
4392 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but didn't
4393 use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is
4394 used. (This may change in the future.)
4396 =item Use of freed value in iteration
4398 (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop?
4399 This error is typically caused by code like the following:
4402 @a = () for (1,2,@a);
4404 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over.
4405 For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full
4406 reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the
4407 middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value.
4409 =item Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated
4411 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO} form
4412 to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob.
4414 =item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
4416 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split>
4417 operator. Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern
4418 repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect.
4420 =item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
4422 (D deprecated) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you clobber
4423 a subroutine's argument list, so it's better if you assign the results
4424 of a split() explicitly to an array (or list).
4426 =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
4428 (D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines
4429 are looked up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the
4430 subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g.
4431 C<Foo::bar()>), not as methods (e.g. C<< Foo->bar() >> or C<<
4434 This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for
4435 methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base of existing
4436 code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl
4437 currently issues an optional warning when non-methods use inherited
4440 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
4441 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used
4442 to depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class
4443 named C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during
4446 In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);>
4447 you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
4448 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
4450 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported
4452 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
4453 only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
4455 =item Use of %s is deprecated
4457 (D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,
4458 generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the
4459 old way has bad side effects.
4461 =item Use of -l on filehandle %s
4463 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file
4464 it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
4465 The operation returned C<undef>. Use a filename instead.
4467 =item Use of "package" with no arguments is deprecated
4469 (D deprecated) You used the C<package> keyword without specifying a package
4470 name. So no namespace is current at all. Using this can cause many
4471 otherwise reasonable constructs to fail in baffling ways. C<use strict;>
4474 =item Use of reference "%s" as array index
4476 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably
4477 isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend
4478 to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error.
4480 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like so:
4481 C<$array[0+$ref]>. This warning is not given for overloaded objects,
4482 either, because you can overload the numification and stringification
4483 operators and then you assumedly know what you are doing.
4485 =item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
4487 (D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future
4488 versions of perl may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either
4489 explicitly quoting the word in a manner appropriate for its context of
4490 use, or using a different name altogether. The warning can be
4491 suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a C<&> prefix, or using
4492 a package qualifier, e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>.
4494 =item Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
4496 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied C<system()> or C<exec()> with multiple
4497 arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used to be allowed
4498 but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl. Untaint your
4499 arguments. See L<perlsec>.
4501 =item Use of uninitialized value%s
4503 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
4504 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.
4505 To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables.
4507 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell you the
4508 name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some cases it cannot
4509 do this, so it also tells you what operation you used the undefined value
4510 in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your program and the operation
4511 displayed in the warning may not necessarily appear literally in your
4512 program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is usually optimized into C<"that "
4513 . $foo>, and the warning will refer to the C<concatenation (.)> operator,
4514 even though there is no C<.> in your program.
4516 =item Using a hash as a reference is deprecated
4518 (D deprecated) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in
4519 C<< %foo->{"bar"} >> or C<< %$ref->{"hello"} >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1
4520 used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will
4521 be removed in a future version.
4523 =item Using an array as a reference is deprecated
4525 (D deprecated) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in
4526 C<< @foo->[23] >> or C<< @$ref->[99] >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 used to
4527 allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will be
4528 removed in a future version.
4530 =item UTF-16 surrogate %s
4532 (W utf8) You tried to generate half of an UTF-16 surrogate by
4533 requesting a Unicode character between the code points 0xD800 and
4534 0xDFFF (inclusive). That range is reserved exclusively for the use of
4535 UTF-16 encoding (by having two 16-bit UCS-2 characters); but Perl
4536 encodes its characters in UTF-8, so what you got is a very illegal
4537 character. If you really know what you are doing you can turn off
4538 this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
4540 =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
4542 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob),
4543 C<each()>, or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs
4544 can return a value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression
4545 false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these
4546 constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the
4547 C<defined> operator.
4549 =item Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
4551 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an
4552 %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string
4553 longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to
4556 =item Variable "%s" is not available
4558 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is
4559 attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently available.
4560 This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the outer lexical may be
4561 declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not yet been created.
4562 (Remember that named subs are created at compile time, while anonymous
4563 subs are created at run-time.) For example,
4565 sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
4567 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value of $a,
4568 since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely,
4569 the following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by
4570 now been created and is live:
4572 sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
4574 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has
4575 gone out of scope, for example,
4583 Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently being
4584 executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
4586 =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
4588 (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable that
4589 you apparently thought was imported from another module, because
4590 something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by
4591 that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the
4592 front of your variable.
4594 =item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4596 (F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and
4597 known at compile time. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4598 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4600 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
4602 (W misc) A "my" or "our" variable has been redeclared in the current
4603 scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the previous
4604 instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note that the
4605 earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope or until
4606 all closure referents to it are destroyed.
4608 =item Variable syntax
4610 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
4611 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
4614 =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
4616 (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a
4617 lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
4619 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of
4620 the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
4621 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
4622 outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no
4623 longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the
4624 variable will no longer be shared.
4626 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
4627 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that
4628 reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they
4629 are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
4631 =item Version number must be a constant number
4633 (P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into
4634 its equivalent C<BEGIN> block found an internal inconsistency with
4637 =item v-string in use/require is non-portable
4639 (W portable) The use of v-strings is non-portable to older, pre-5.6, Perls.
4640 If you want your scripts to be backward portable, use the floating
4641 point version number: for example, instead of C<use 5.6.1> say
4642 C<use 5.006_001>. This of course won't help: the older Perls
4643 won't suddenly start understanding newer features, but at least
4644 they will show a sensible error message indicating the required
4647 =item Warning: something's wrong
4649 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or
4650 you called it with no args and C<$_> was empty.
4652 =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
4654 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on
4655 the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk
4658 =item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
4660 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
4661 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a
4662 term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand
4663 function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
4667 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
4671 but in actual fact, you got
4675 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
4677 =item Wide character in %s
4679 (W utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting
4680 one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The easiest
4681 way to quiet this warning is simply to add the C<:utf8> layer to the
4682 output, e.g. C<binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'>. Another way to turn off the
4683 warning is to add C<no warnings 'utf8';> but that is often closer to
4684 cheating. In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the
4685 filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>.
4687 =item Within []-length '%c' not allowed
4689 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by C<[TEMPLATE]> only if
4690 C<TEMPLATE> always matches the same amount of packed bytes that can be
4691 determined from the template alone. This is not possible if it contains an
4692 of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a *-length. Redesign the template.
4694 =item write() on closed filehandle %s
4696 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
4697 before now. Check your control flow.
4699 =item %s "\x%s" does not map to Unicode
4701 When reading in different encodings Perl tries to map everything
4702 into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not legal in
4703 this encoding, for example
4705 utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
4707 if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
4709 =item 'X' outside of string
4711 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before
4712 the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
4714 =item 'x' outside of string in unpack
4716 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
4717 the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
4719 =item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
4721 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the
4722 sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip
4723 about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C wrapper around
4726 =item You need to quote "%s"
4728 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
4729 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
4730 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
4731 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it IS
4732 what you want, put an & in front.)
4734 =item Your random numbers are not that random
4736 (F) When trying to initialise the random seed for hashes, Perl could
4737 not get any randomness out of your system. This usually indicates
4738 Something Very Wrong.