3 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 (W) A warning (optional).
11 (D) A deprecation (optional).
12 (S) A severe warning (mandatory).
13 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
14 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
15 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
16 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
18 Optional warnings are enabled by using the B<-w> switch. Warnings may
19 be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}> to a reference to a routine that
20 will be called on each warning instead of printing it. See L<perlvar>.
21 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
24 Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are denoted with a %s,
25 just as in a printf format. Note that some messages start with a %s!
26 The symbols C<"%(-?@> sort before the letters, while C<[> and C<\> sort after.
30 =item "my" variable %s can't be in a package
32 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make sense
33 to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use local()
34 if you want to localize a package variable.
36 =item "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
38 (W) A lexical variable has been redeclared in the current scope or statement,
39 effectively eliminating all access to the previous instance. This is almost
40 always a typographical error. Note that the earlier variable will still exist
41 until the end of the scope or until all closure referents to it are
44 =item "no" not allowed in expression
46 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and returns
47 no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
49 =item "use" not allowed in expression
51 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and returns
52 no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
54 =item % may only be used in unpack
56 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
57 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
58 way. See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
60 =item %s (...) interpreted as function
62 (W) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator followed
63 by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list operators arguments
64 found inside the parentheses. See L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>.
66 =item %s argument is not a HASH element
68 (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash element, such as
73 =item %s argument is not a HASH element or slice
75 (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash element, such as
80 or a hash slice, such as
82 @foo{$bar, $baz, $xyzzy}
83 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
85 =item %s did not return a true value
87 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
88 it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
89 traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would
90 do. See L<perlfunc/require>.
92 =item %s found where operator expected
94 (S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator. If it
95 sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an operator,
96 it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an operator or
97 delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
99 =item %s had compilation errors
101 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails.
103 =item %s has too many errors
105 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
106 Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
108 =item %s matches null string many times
110 (W) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
111 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. See L<perlre>.
113 =item %s never introduced
115 (S) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of scope
116 before it could possibly have been used.
120 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
122 =item %s: Command not found
124 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
125 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
128 =item %s: Expression syntax
130 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
131 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
134 =item %s: Undefined variable
136 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
137 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
142 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
143 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
146 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
148 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
149 found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
150 the previous line just because you saw this message.
152 =item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script
154 (F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,
155 which provides a race condition that breaks security.
157 =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
159 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
160 know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
162 =item C<-p> destination: %s
164 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
165 command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
166 redirected it with select().)
168 =item 500 Server error
172 =item ?+* follows nothing in regexp
174 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it
175 if you meant it literally. See L<perlre>.
177 =item @ outside of string
179 (F) You had a pack template that specified an absolute position outside
180 the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
182 =item accept() on closed fd
184 (W) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
185 the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/accept>.
187 =item Allocation too large: %lx
189 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
191 =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
193 (W) The pattern match (//), substitution (s///), and transliteration (tr///)
194 operators work on scalar values. If you apply one of them to an array
195 or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to a scalar value -- the
196 length of an array, or the population info of a hash -- and then work on
197 that scalar value. This is probably not what you meant to do. See
198 L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for alternatives.
200 =item Arg too short for msgsnd
202 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
204 =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
206 (W)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
207 you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
208 a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
210 =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
212 (W) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl keyword,
213 and you have used the name without qualification for calling one or the
214 other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the subroutine is
217 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
218 before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
219 Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
220 imported with the C<use subs> pragma).
222 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix
223 on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or by declaring the subroutine
224 to be an object method (see L<attrs>).
226 =item Args must match #! line
228 (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked
229 with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems
230 impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches;
231 for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>.
233 =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
235 (W) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator that
236 expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
237 will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
239 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
241 (D) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some spots. This
242 is now heavily deprecated.
244 =item assertion botched: %s
246 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
248 =item Assertion failed: file "%s"
250 (P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
252 =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar
254 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments
255 must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
256 know which context to supply to the right side.
258 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
260 (P) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas that will
261 be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be outside any
264 =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
266 (P) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of strings to
267 optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other strings. This
268 indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count of a string
269 that can no longer be found in the table.
271 =item Attempt to free temp prematurely
273 (W) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the free_tmps()
274 routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the SV before
275 the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the free_tmps()
276 routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does try to free
279 =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
281 (P) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
283 =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
285 (W) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to see if it
286 would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0 earlier,
287 and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed. This
288 could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or that
289 SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was mortalized
290 when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been corrupted.
292 =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
294 (W) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
295 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This
296 means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become
297 invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use
298 literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to
301 =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
303 (W) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr() used
304 as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to
305 dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>.
307 =item Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %d
309 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl() or
310 shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively,
311 S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and
312 S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>.
314 =item Bad filehandle: %s
316 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the symbol
317 has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an open(), or
318 did it in another package.
320 =item Bad free() ignored
322 (S) An internal routine called free() on something that had never been
323 malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by
324 setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
326 This message can be quite often seen with DB_File on systems with
327 "hard" dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of
328 C<Berkeley DB> which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving>
333 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
335 =item Bad index while coercing array into hash
337 (F) The index looked up in the hash found as the 0'th element of a
338 pseudo-hash is not legal. Index values must be at 1 or greater.
341 =item Bad name after %s::
343 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then didn't
344 finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside of quotes,
353 $sym = "mypack::$var";
355 =item Bad symbol for array
357 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that
358 wasn't a symbol table entry.
360 =item Bad symbol for filehandle
362 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something that
363 wasn't a symbol table entry.
365 =item Bad symbol for hash
367 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
368 wasn't a symbol table entry.
370 =item Badly placed ()'s
372 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
373 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
376 =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
378 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
379 subroutine identifier, in curly braces or to the left of the "=>" symbol.
380 Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
382 =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
384 (W) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but
385 the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point.
386 Perhaps you need to predeclare a package?
388 =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
390 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN subroutine.
391 Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is exited.
393 =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
395 (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which
396 implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had
397 already occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}>
398 could not be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code
399 likely depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.
401 =item bind() on closed fd
403 (W) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
404 the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>.
406 =item Bizarre copy of %s in %s
408 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not copiable.
410 =item Callback called exit
412 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via perl_call_sv()
413 exited by calling exit.
415 =item Can't "goto" outside a block
417 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look
418 like a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually
419 occurs if you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which
420 is a no-no. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
422 =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
424 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
425 foreach loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
427 =item Can't "last" outside a block
429 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
430 except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a
431 current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a
432 "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(). You can usually double
433 the curlies to get the same effect though, because the inner curlies
434 will be considered a block that loops once. See L<perlfunc/last>.
436 =item Can't "next" outside a block
438 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
439 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
440 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(). You can
441 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the inner
442 curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
444 =item Can't "redo" outside a block
446 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
447 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
448 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(). You can
449 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the inner
450 curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>.
452 =item Can't bless non-reference value
454 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces"
455 encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>.
457 =item Can't break at that line
459 (S) A warning intended to only be printed while running within the debugger, indicating
460 the line number specified wasn't the location of a statement that could
463 =item Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
465 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
466 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined
467 in it, let alone methods. See L<perlobj>.
469 =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
471 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It
472 ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but
473 you didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't
474 an object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>.
476 =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
478 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
479 object reference or package name contains an expression that returns
480 a defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name.
481 Something like this will reproduce the error:
484 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
485 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
487 =item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
489 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
490 object reference or package name contains an undefined value.
491 Something like this will reproduce the error:
494 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
495 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
497 =item Can't chdir to %s
499 (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory
500 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
502 =item Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
504 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
505 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't
515 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
517 =item Can't coerce %s to number in %s
519 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
520 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
522 =item Can't coerce %s to string in %s
524 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
525 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
527 =item Can't coerce array into hash
529 (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no
530 information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that
531 only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.
533 =item Can't create pipe mailbox
535 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted quotas
536 or other plumbing problems.
538 =item Can't declare %s in my
540 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as lexical variables.
541 They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
543 =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
545 (S) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated reason.
547 =item Can't do inplace edit without backup
549 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try reading
550 from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say C<-i.bak>, or some
553 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s E<gt> 14 characters
555 (S) There isn't enough room in the filename to make a backup name for the file.
557 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
559 (S) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as a file in
560 /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.
562 =item Can't do setegid!
564 (P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator
567 =item Can't do seteuid!
569 (P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some reason.
571 =item Can't do setuid
573 (F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to exec suidperl to
574 do setuid emulation, but couldn't exec it. It looks for a name of the
575 form sperl5.000 in the same directory that the perl executable resides
576 under the name perl5.000, typically /usr/local/bin on Unix machines.
577 If the file is there, check the execute permissions. If it isn't, ask
578 your sysadmin why he and/or she removed it.
580 =item Can't do waitpid with flags
582 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only waitpid()
583 without flags is emulated.
585 =item Can't do {n,m} with n E<gt> m
587 (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want
588 your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. See L<perlre>.
590 =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line
592 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this point.
593 For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #! line.
595 =item Can't exec "%s": %s
597 (W) An system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the named
598 program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the permissions
599 were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in C<$ENV{PATH}>, the
600 executable in question was compiled for another architecture, or the
601 #! line in a script points to an interpreter that can't be run for
602 similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support #! at all.)
606 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because that's
607 what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may need to
608 mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
610 =item Can't execute %s
612 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute found
613 in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
615 =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
617 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be found
618 in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The script
619 exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
621 =item Can't find %s on PATH
623 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be found
626 =item Can't find label %s
628 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's possible
629 for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
631 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
633 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means that
634 the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count nesting
635 levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis:
637 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
639 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
640 included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good
641 programmer's editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
645 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a pipeline.
647 =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
649 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference between
650 access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes. Under VMS,
651 access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in the stat buffer, so
652 that ACLs and other protections can be taken into account. Unfortunately, Perl
653 assumes that the stat buffer contains all the necessary information, and passes
654 it, instead of the filespec, to the access checking routine. It will try to
655 retrieve the filespec using the device name and FID present in the stat buffer,
656 but this works only if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat()
657 routine, because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning
658 appears, the name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up and
659 returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access checking routine
660 knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you shouldn't ever
661 see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises only if some internal
662 code takes stat buffers lightly.)
664 =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name
666 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a pipe, Perl
667 can't retrieve its name for later use.
669 =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
671 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your
672 mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
674 =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
676 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one subroutine
677 call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole cloth. In general
678 you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD routine anyway. See
681 =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string
683 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval "string".
684 (You can use it to jump out of an eval {BLOCK}, but you probably don't want to.)
686 =item Can't localize through a reference
688 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
689 handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref
690 pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be
691 sure that $ref will still be a reference.
693 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s
695 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
696 lexical variable using "my". This is not allowed. If you want to
697 localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the
700 =item Can't localize pseudo-hash element
702 (F) You said something like C<local $ar-E<gt>{'key'}>, where $ar is
703 a reference to a pseudo-hash. That hasn't been implemented yet, but
704 you can get a similar effect by localizing the corresponding array
705 element directly -- C<local $ar-E<gt>[$ar-E<gt>[0]{'key'}]>.
707 =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
709 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows autoload,
710 but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes are a misprint
711 in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit> the file, say, by
712 doing C<make install>.
714 =item Can't locate %s in @INC
716 (F) You said to do (or require, or use) a file that couldn't be found
717 in any of the libraries mentioned in @INC. Perhaps you need to set the
718 PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where the extra library
719 is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name to @INC. Or maybe
720 you just misspelled the name of the file. See L<perlfunc/require>.
722 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
724 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
725 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
726 method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>.
728 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
730 (W) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that doesn't seem
733 =item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
735 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably VMS.
737 =item Can't modify %s in %s
739 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try to
740 change it, such as with an auto-increment.
742 =item Can't modify nonexistent substring
744 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed
747 =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var
749 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
752 =item Can't open %s: %s
754 (S) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<E<lt>E<gt>>
755 filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line
756 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this
757 is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named
760 =item Can't open bidirectional pipe
762 (W) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported. You can
763 try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such as
764 IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using "E<gt>",
765 and then read it in under a different file handle.
767 =item Can't open error file %s as stderr
769 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
770 couldn't open the file specified after '2E<gt>' or '2E<gt>E<gt>' on the
771 command line for writing.
773 =item Can't open input file %s as stdin
775 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
776 couldn't open the file specified after 'E<lt>' on the command line for reading.
778 =item Can't open output file %s as stdout
780 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
781 couldn't open the file specified after 'E<gt>' or 'E<gt>E<gt>' on the command
784 =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
786 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
787 couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined for stdout.
789 =item Can't open perl script "%s": %s
791 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
793 =item Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s
795 (F) Perl optimizes the internal handling of sort subroutines and keeps
796 pointers into them. You tried to redefine one such sort subroutine when it
797 was currently active, which is not allowed. If you really want to do
798 this, you should write C<sort { &func } @x> instead of C<sort func @x>.
800 =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
802 (S) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason, probably because
803 you don't have write permission to the directory.
805 =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
807 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried to
808 reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
810 =item Can't reswap uid and euid
812 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator
815 =item Can't return outside a subroutine
817 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
818 there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>.
820 =item Can't stat script "%s"
822 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have
823 it open already. Bizarre.
825 =item Can't swap uid and euid
827 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator
830 =item Can't take log of %g
832 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
833 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
834 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for
835 the negative numbers.
837 =item Can't take sqrt of %g
839 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
840 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard
841 with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
843 =item Can't undef active subroutine
845 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can,
846 however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the
847 redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure.
851 (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted, such
852 as the main Perl stack.
854 =item Can't upgrade that kind of scalar
856 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making
857 it into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are
858 so specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This
859 message indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
861 =item Can't upgrade to undef
863 (P) The undefined SV is the bottom of the totem pole, in the scheme
864 of upgradability. Upgrading to undef indicates an error in the
865 code calling sv_upgrade.
867 =item Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available
869 (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the
870 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
871 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
873 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
875 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
876 You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the E<lt>=E<gt> or cmp operator,
877 and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
878 Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
881 =item Can't use %s for loop variable
883 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a foreach.
885 =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref
887 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
888 reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
889 test the type of the reference, if need be.
891 =item Can't use \1 to mean $1 in expression
893 (W) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that creates
894 a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a backreference
895 to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular expression pattern.
896 Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a value that prints
897 out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form instead.
899 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while \"strict refs\" in use
901 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic references
902 are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
904 =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
906 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic references
907 are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
909 =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
911 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
912 be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
914 =item Can't use global %s in "my"
916 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This is
917 not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location (namely
918 the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to have
919 variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
922 =item Can't use subscript on %s
924 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
925 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
926 didn't look like an array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
928 =item Can't x= to read-only value
930 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value) with
931 an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
932 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
934 =item Cannot find an opnumber for "%s"
936 (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but
937 there is no builtin with the name C<word>.
939 =item Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
941 (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
942 opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
943 package. If method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
945 =item Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions
947 (W) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
948 with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions.
949 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
950 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
951 backslash: "\[." and ".\]".
953 =item Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions
955 (W) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
956 with "[:" and ending with ":]" is reserved for future extensions.
957 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
958 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
959 backslash: "\[:" and ":\]".
961 =item Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions
963 (W) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
964 beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions.
965 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
966 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
967 backslash: "\[=" and "=\]".
969 =item chmod: mode argument is missing initial 0
971 (W) A novice will sometimes say
975 not realizing that 777 will be interpreted as a decimal number, equivalent
976 to 01411. Octal constants are introduced with a leading 0 in Perl, as in C.
978 =item Close on unopened file E<lt>%sE<gt>
980 (W) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
982 =item Compilation failed in require
984 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement.
985 Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it encountered
986 were severe enough to halt compilation immediately.
988 =item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
990 (W) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex situations
991 where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited to 32766,
992 or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow
993 arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without
994 recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string
995 under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather
996 than in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular
997 expression so that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlbook>
998 for information on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.)
1000 =item connect() on closed fd
1002 (W) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
1003 the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/connect>.
1005 =item Constant subroutine %s redefined
1007 (S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible for
1008 inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
1011 =item Constant subroutine %s undefined
1013 (S) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible for
1014 inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
1017 =item Copy method did not return a reference
1019 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See L<overload/Copy Constructor>.
1021 =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
1023 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
1025 =item corrupted regexp pointers
1027 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1028 expression compiler gave it.
1030 =item corrupted regexp program
1032 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without
1033 a valid magic number.
1035 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1037 (W) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly) 100
1038 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an infinite
1039 recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in which
1040 case it indicates something else.
1042 =item Delimiter for here document is too long
1044 (F) In a here document construct like C<E<lt>E<lt>FOO>, the label
1045 C<FOO> is too long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously
1046 twisted to write code that triggers this error.
1048 =item Did you mean &%s instead?
1050 (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some such.
1052 =item Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?
1054 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or @hash{@keys}.
1055 On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got carried away.
1059 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or
1060 you called it with no args and both C<$@> and C<$_> were empty.
1062 =item Do you need to predeclare %s?
1064 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
1065 found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
1066 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be
1067 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
1068 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're
1069 referencing something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have
1070 to define the subroutine or package before the current location. You
1071 can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward"
1074 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
1076 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1078 =item do_study: out of memory
1080 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1082 =item Duplicate free() ignored
1084 (S) An internal routine called free() on something that had already
1087 =item elseif should be elsif
1089 (S) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's
1090 ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method
1091 named "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is
1092 unlikely to be what you want.
1094 =item END failed--cleanup aborted
1096 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing an END subroutine.
1097 The interpreter is immediately exited.
1099 =item entering effective %s failed
1101 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
1102 effective uids or gids failed.
1104 =item Error converting file specification %s
1106 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file
1107 specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a
1108 single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've
1109 passed an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a
1110 case the conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1112 =item %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1114 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular expression
1115 that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which is unsafe.
1116 See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>.
1118 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
1120 (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion,
1121 but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'> pragma is
1122 in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1124 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time
1126 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the C<(?{ ... })>
1127 zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the pattern contains
1128 interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, it is not allowed.
1129 If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly building the pattern
1130 from an interpolated string at run time and using that in an eval().
1131 See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1133 =item Excessively long <> operator
1135 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a
1136 Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
1137 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a
1138 variable and glob that.
1140 =item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors
1142 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
1144 =item Exiting eval via %s
1146 (W) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as
1147 a goto, or a loop control statement.
1149 =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s
1151 (W) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a sort block or
1152 subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a loop control
1153 statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
1155 =item Exiting subroutine via %s
1157 (W) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such as
1158 a goto, or a loop control statement.
1160 =item Exiting substitution via %s
1162 (W) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such as
1163 a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
1165 =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
1167 (W) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has
1168 the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is
1169 usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target
1170 package, e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
1172 =item Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
1174 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS system
1175 service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more details. The
1176 filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell you which section of
1177 the Perl source code is distressed.
1179 =item fcntl is not implemented
1181 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a
1182 PDP-11 or something?
1184 =item Filehandle %s never opened
1186 (W) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was never initialized.
1187 You need to do an open() or a socket() call, or call a constructor from
1188 the FileHandle package.
1190 =item Filehandle %s opened for only input
1192 (W) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
1193 intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with
1194 "+E<lt>" or "+E<gt>" or "+E<gt>E<gt>" instead of with "E<lt>" or nothing. If
1195 you intended only to write the file, use "E<gt>" or "E<gt>E<gt>". See
1198 =item Filehandle opened for only input
1200 (W) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
1201 intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with
1202 "+E<lt>" or "+E<gt>" or "+E<gt>E<gt>" instead of with "E<lt>" or nothing. If
1203 you intended only to write the file, use "E<gt>" or "E<gt>E<gt>". See
1206 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name
1208 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be
1209 a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name
1210 that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or
1213 =item Final @ should be \@ or @name
1215 (F) You must now decide whether the final @ in a string was meant to be
1216 a literal "at" sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name
1217 that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or
1220 =item Format %s redefined
1222 (W) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
1226 eval "format NAME =...";
1229 =item Format not terminated
1231 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
1232 to the end of your file without finding such a line.
1234 =item Found = in conditional, should be ==
1244 (or something like that).
1246 =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
1248 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
1250 =item gethostent not implemented
1252 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably
1253 because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname
1256 =item get{sock,peer}name() on closed fd
1258 (W) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed socket.
1259 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
1261 =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
1263 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the
1264 C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC.
1266 =item Glob not terminated
1268 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
1269 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and not
1270 finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out earlier in
1271 the line, and you really meant a "less than".
1273 =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
1275 (F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates that all variables
1276 must either be lexically scoped (using "my"), or explicitly qualified to
1277 say which package the global variable is in (using "::").
1279 =item goto must have label
1281 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
1282 unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
1284 =item Had to create %s unexpectedly
1286 (S) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought to have
1287 existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be created on
1288 an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
1290 =item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
1292 (D) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some spots. This
1293 is now heavily deprecated.
1295 =item Identifier too long
1297 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to
1298 about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound
1299 names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future
1300 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.
1302 =item Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter
1304 (W) A warning peculiar to VMS. A logical name was encountered when preparing
1305 to iterate over %ENV which violates the syntactic rules governing logical
1306 names. Because it cannot be translated normally, it is skipped, and will not
1307 appear in %ENV. This may be a benign occurrence, as some software packages
1308 might directly modify logical name tables and introduce nonstandard names,
1309 or it may indicate that a logical name table has been corrupted.
1311 =item Illegal character %s (carriage return)
1313 (F) A carriage return character was found in the input. This is an
1314 error, and not a warning, because carriage return characters can break
1315 multi-line strings, including here documents (e.g., C<print E<lt>E<lt>EOF;>).
1317 Under Unix, this error is usually caused by executing Perl code --
1318 either the main program, a module, or an eval'd string -- that was
1319 transferred over a network connection from a non-Unix system without
1320 properly converting the text file format.
1322 Under systems that use something other than '\n' to delimit lines of
1323 text, this error can also be caused by reading Perl code from a file
1324 handle that is in binary mode (as set by the C<binmode> operator).
1326 In either case, the Perl code in question will probably need to be
1327 converted with something like C<s/\x0D\x0A?/\n/g> before it can be
1330 =item Illegal division by zero
1332 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in your
1333 logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against meaningless input.
1335 =item Illegal modulus zero
1337 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most numbers
1338 don't take to this kindly.
1340 =item Illegal octal digit
1342 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in a octal number.
1344 =item Illegal octal digit ignored
1346 (W) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in a octal number. Interpretation
1347 of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
1349 =item Illegal hex digit ignored
1351 (W) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or A - F in a
1352 hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal number stopped
1353 before the illegal character.
1355 =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s
1357 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
1358 following switches: B<-[DIMUdmw]>.
1360 =item In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s
1362 (F) It used to be that Perl would try to guess whether you wanted an
1363 array interpolated or a literal @. It did this when the string was first
1364 used at runtime. Now strings are parsed at compile time, and ambiguous
1365 instances of @ must be disambiguated, either by prepending a backslash to
1366 indicate a literal, or by declaring (or using) the array within the
1367 program before the string (lexically). (Someday it will simply assume
1368 that an unbackslashed @ interpolates an array.)
1370 =item Insecure dependency in %s
1372 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like.
1373 The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or setgid,
1374 or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The tainting mechanism
1375 labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly from the user,
1376 who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any such data is
1377 used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See L<perlsec>
1378 for more information.
1380 =item Insecure directory in %s
1382 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or setgid
1383 script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by the world.
1386 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
1388 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
1389 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>,
1390 C<$ENV{ENV}> or C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> are derived from data supplied (or
1391 potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set the path to a
1392 known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>.
1394 =item Integer overflow in hex number
1396 (S) The literal hex number you have specified is too big for your
1397 architecture. On a 32-bit architecture the largest hex literal is
1400 =item Integer overflow in octal number
1402 (S) The literal octal number you have specified is too big for your
1403 architecture. On a 32-bit architecture the largest octal literal is
1406 =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
1408 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number
1409 of times you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine
1410 whether the current call to C<exec> should affect the current
1411 script or a subprocess (see L<perlvms/exec>). Somehow, this count
1412 has become scrambled, so Perl is making a guess and treating
1413 this C<exec> as a request to terminate the Perl script
1414 and execute the specified command.
1416 =item internal disaster in regexp
1418 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
1420 =item internal error: glob failed
1422 (P) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for C<glob>
1423 and C<E<lt>*.cE<gt>>. This may mean that your csh (C shell) is
1424 broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables in
1425 config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it
1426 were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them all
1427 empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will
1428 think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run
1429 C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl.
1431 =item internal urp in regexp at /%s/
1433 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser.
1435 =item invalid [] range in regexp
1437 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
1438 greater than the maximum character. See L<perlre>.
1440 =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
1442 (W) Perl does not understand the given format conversion.
1443 See L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
1445 =item Invalid type in pack: '%s'
1447 (F) The given character is not a valid pack type. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1448 (W) The given character is not a valid pack type but used to be silently
1451 =item Invalid type in unpack: '%s'
1453 (F) The given character is not a valid unpack type. See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
1454 (W) The given character is not a valid unpack type but used to be silently
1457 =item ioctl is not implemented
1459 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty
1460 strange for a machine that supports C.
1462 =item junk on end of regexp
1464 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
1466 =item Label not found for "last %s"
1468 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a
1469 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called from.
1470 See L<perlfunc/last>.
1472 =item Label not found for "next %s"
1474 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of
1475 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1478 =item Label not found for "redo %s"
1480 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of
1481 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1484 =item leaving effective %s failed
1486 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
1487 effective uids or gids failed.
1489 =item listen() on closed fd
1491 (W) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
1492 the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/listen>.
1494 =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
1496 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
1497 doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
1499 =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
1501 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused
1502 by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually
1503 ended earlier on the current line.
1505 =item Misplaced _ in number
1507 (W) An underline in a decimal constant wasn't on a 3-digit boundary.
1509 =item Missing $ on loop variable
1511 (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables are always
1512 mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it can vary from
1513 one line to the next.
1515 =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function
1517 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
1518 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
1520 =item Missing operator before %s?
1522 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
1523 found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
1525 =item Missing right bracket
1527 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly brackets (braces) than closing ones.
1528 As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you were last
1531 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted
1533 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
1534 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
1535 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
1537 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
1540 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string.
1542 =item Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, subscript %d
1544 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
1545 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array
1548 =item Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, subscript "%s"
1550 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it couldn't
1551 be created for some peculiar reason.
1553 =item Module name must be constant
1555 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use".
1557 =item msg%s not implemented
1559 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
1561 =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
1563 (W) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>. They're written
1564 like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
1566 =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
1568 (W) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
1569 If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention
1570 it again somehow to suppress the message. The C<use vars> pragma is
1571 provided for just this purpose.
1573 =item Negative length
1575 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer length
1576 that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
1578 =item nested *?+ in regexp
1580 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. So
1581 things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal.
1583 Note, however, that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and C<??> appear
1584 to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>.
1588 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
1589 even on machines that don't support the #! construct.
1591 =item No %s allowed while running setuid
1593 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or setgid
1594 script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there will be
1595 another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least securable.
1598 =item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
1600 (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
1602 =item No comma allowed after %s
1604 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not
1605 allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments.
1606 Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
1608 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
1609 constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such
1610 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating system
1611 does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an
1612 explicit import list for the constants you expect to see, please see
1613 L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an explicit import list
1614 would probably have caught this error earlier it naturally does not
1615 remedy the fact that your operating system still does not support that
1616 constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the symbol import
1617 list of B<use> or B<import> or in the constant name at the line where
1618 this error was triggered?
1620 =item No command into which to pipe on command line
1622 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1623 and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it doesn't know where you
1624 want to pipe the output from this command.
1626 =item No DB::DB routine defined
1628 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch,
1629 but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof)
1630 didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each
1631 statement. Which is odd, because the file should have been required
1632 automatically, and should have blown up the require if it didn't parse
1635 =item No dbm on this machine
1637 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should
1638 supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>.
1640 =item No DBsub routine
1642 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch,
1643 but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof)
1644 didn't define a DB::sub routine to be called at the beginning of each
1645 ordinary subroutine call.
1647 =item No error file after 2E<gt> or 2E<gt>E<gt> on command line
1649 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1650 and found a '2E<gt>' or a '2E<gt>E<gt>' on the command line, but can't find
1651 the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
1653 =item No input file after E<lt> on command line
1655 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1656 and found a 'E<lt>' on the command line, but can't find the name of the file
1657 from which to read data for stdin.
1659 =item No output file after E<gt> on command line
1661 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1662 and found a lone 'E<gt>' at the end of the command line, so it doesn't know
1663 where you wanted to redirect stdout.
1665 =item No output file after E<gt> or E<gt>E<gt> on command line
1667 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1668 and found a 'E<gt>' or a 'E<gt>E<gt>' on the command line, but can't find the
1669 name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.
1671 =item No Perl script found in input
1673 (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning
1674 with #! and containing the word "perl".
1676 =item No setregid available
1678 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for
1681 =item No setreuid available
1683 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
1686 =item No space allowed after B<-I>
1688 (F) The argument to B<-I> must follow the B<-I> immediately with no
1691 =item No such array field
1693 (F) You tried to access an array as a hash, but the field name used is
1694 not defined. The hash at index 0 should map all valid field names to
1695 array indices for that to work.
1697 =item No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
1699 (F) You tried to access a field of a typed variable where the type
1700 does not know about the field name. The field names are looked up in
1701 the %FIELDS hash in the type package at compile time. The %FIELDS hash
1702 is usually set up with the 'fields' pragma.
1704 =item No such pipe open
1706 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to
1707 close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught earlier as
1708 an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
1710 =item No such signal: SIG%s
1712 (W) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was not recognized.
1713 Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names on your system.
1715 =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
1717 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Per was unable to find the local
1718 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent
1719 to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL>
1720 to translate to the number of seconds which need to be added to UTC to
1723 =item Not a CODE reference
1725 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
1726 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
1727 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was.
1728 See also L<perlref>.
1730 =item Not a format reference
1732 (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous
1733 format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist.
1735 =item Not a GLOB reference
1737 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is,
1738 a symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to
1739 something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out
1740 what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
1742 =item Not a HASH reference
1744 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but
1745 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
1746 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
1748 =item Not a perl script
1750 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
1751 even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The line must
1754 =item Not a SCALAR reference
1756 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but
1757 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
1758 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
1760 =item Not a subroutine reference
1762 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
1763 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
1764 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was.
1765 See also L<perlref>.
1767 =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table
1769 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
1770 doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
1772 =item Not an ARRAY reference
1774 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
1775 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
1776 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
1778 =item Not enough arguments for %s
1780 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
1782 =item Not enough format arguments
1784 (W) A format specified more picture fields than the next line supplied.
1787 =item Null filename used
1789 (F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many machines
1790 that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
1792 =item Null picture in formline
1794 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
1795 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
1796 supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>.
1798 =item NULL OP IN RUN
1800 (P) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode pointer.
1804 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
1806 =item NULL regexp argument
1808 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
1810 =item NULL regexp parameter
1812 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
1814 =item Number too long
1816 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to about
1817 about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future versions of
1818 Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In the meantime,
1819 try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of "1_000_000").
1821 =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment
1823 (S) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash, which
1824 is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
1826 =item Offset outside string
1828 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with an offset
1829 pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to imagine.
1830 The sole exception to this is that C<sysread()>ing past the buffer
1831 will extend the buffer and zero pad the new area.
1835 (S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
1839 (S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
1841 =item Operation `%s': no method found, %s
1843 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which
1844 no handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in
1845 terms of other handlers, there is no default handler for any
1846 operation, unless C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be
1847 true. See L<overload>.
1849 =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s
1851 (S) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser was
1852 expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant
1853 to use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect.
1854 For example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as
1855 if you said "*foo * 'foo'".
1857 =item Out of memory for yacc stack
1859 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue parsing,
1860 but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or otherwise.
1862 =item Out of memory during request for %s
1864 (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
1865 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request.
1867 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
1868 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable.
1869 However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as
1870 an emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the
1871 error is trappable I<once>.
1873 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
1875 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
1876 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
1877 the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so
1878 a possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
1880 =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request
1882 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error
1883 is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g., C<$arr[time]>
1884 instead of C<$arr[$time]>.
1888 (W) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a page.
1891 =item panic: ck_grep
1893 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
1895 =item panic: ck_split
1897 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.
1899 =item panic: corrupt saved stack index
1901 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than there
1902 are in the savestack.
1906 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
1907 it wasn't an eval context.
1909 =item panic: do_match
1911 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational data.
1913 =item panic: do_split
1915 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
1917 =item panic: do_subst
1919 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational data.
1921 =item panic: do_trans
1923 (P) The internal do_trans() routine was called with invalid operational data.
1927 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible.
1931 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label,
1932 and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in.
1934 =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD
1936 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
1938 =item panic: INTERPCONCAT
1940 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
1944 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered
1945 it wasn't a block context.
1947 =item panic: leave_scope clearsv
1949 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the scope.
1951 =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency
1953 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
1954 invalid enum on the top of it.
1958 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
1960 =item panic: mapstart
1962 (P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the map() function.
1964 =item panic: null array
1966 (P) One of the internal array routines was passed a null AV pointer.
1968 =item panic: pad_alloc
1970 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
1971 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
1973 =item panic: pad_free curpad
1975 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
1976 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
1978 =item panic: pad_free po
1980 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
1982 =item panic: pad_reset curpad
1984 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
1985 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
1987 =item panic: pad_sv po
1989 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
1991 =item panic: pad_swipe curpad
1993 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
1994 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
1996 =item panic: pad_swipe po
1998 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2000 =item panic: pp_iter
2002 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
2004 =item panic: realloc
2006 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
2008 =item panic: restartop
2010 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and
2011 didn't supply the destination.
2015 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and
2016 then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
2018 =item panic: scan_num
2020 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
2022 =item panic: sv_insert
2024 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there
2027 =item panic: top_env
2029 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
2033 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
2035 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
2037 (W) You said something like
2043 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
2045 Remember that "my" and "local" bind closer than comma.
2047 =item Perl %3.3f required--this is only version %s, stopped
2049 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more recent
2050 than the currently running version. How long has it been since you upgraded,
2051 anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>.
2053 =item Permission denied
2055 (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.
2057 =item pid %x not a child
2059 (W) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a process which
2060 isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is fine from VMS'
2061 perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
2063 =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
2065 (F) Your C compiler uses POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
2066 the BSD version, which takes a pid.
2068 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
2070 (W) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
2071 strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated
2072 as literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the
2073 parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
2075 You probably wrote something like this:
2082 when you should have written this:
2089 If you really want comments, build your list the
2090 old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas:
2094 'b', # another comment
2097 =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas
2099 (W) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore commas
2100 aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used different
2101 delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently
2104 You probably wrote something like this:
2108 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without
2109 commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
2113 =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
2115 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for.
2116 Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the
2117 end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
2118 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
2120 =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
2122 (S) The old irregular construct
2126 is now misinterpreted as
2130 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary
2131 and list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must
2132 put parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
2135 =item print on closed filehandle %s
2137 (W) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime before now.
2138 Check your logic flow.
2140 =item printf on closed filehandle %s
2142 (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before now.
2143 Check your logic flow.
2145 =item Probable precedence problem on %s
2147 (W) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a conditional,
2148 which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part of the
2149 last argument of the previous construct, for example:
2153 =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
2155 (S) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been declared
2156 or defined with a different function prototype.
2158 =item Range iterator outside integer range
2160 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".."
2161 are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally.
2162 One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string
2163 increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.
2165 =item Read on closed filehandle E<lt>%sE<gt>
2167 (W) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime before now.
2168 Check your logic flow.
2170 =item Reallocation too large: %lx
2172 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
2174 =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch
2176 (F) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce the
2177 desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
2178 which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
2180 =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
2182 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were used. Probably indicates
2183 an unintended loop in your inheritance hierarchy.
2185 =item Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'
2187 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while invoking a
2188 method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance hierarchy.
2190 =item Reference found where even-sized list expected
2192 (W) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list with
2193 an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This
2194 usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant
2195 to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>.
2197 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
2198 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
2199 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
2200 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
2202 =item Reference miscount in sv_replace()
2204 (W) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
2205 reference count of other than 1.
2207 =item regexp *+ operand could be empty
2209 (F) The part of the regexp subject to either the * or + quantifier
2210 could match an empty string.
2212 =item regexp memory corruption
2214 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
2215 expression compiler gave it.
2217 =item regexp out of space
2219 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it earlier.
2221 =item regexp too big
2223 (F) The current implementation of regular expressions uses shorts as
2224 address offsets within a string. Unfortunately this means that if
2225 the regular expression compiles to longer than 32767, it'll blow up.
2226 Usually when you want a regular expression this big, there is a better
2227 way to do it with multiple statements. See L<perlre>.
2229 =item Reversed %s= operator
2231 (W) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must always
2232 comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.
2234 =item Runaway format
2236 (F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence, but it
2237 produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly like the
2238 199th line. Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to exhaust
2239 themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by
2240 shifting or popping (for array variables). See L<perlform>.
2242 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
2244 (W) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a single element of
2245 an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
2246 The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always behaves like a scalar, both when
2247 assigning to it and when evaluating its argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves
2248 like a list when you assign to it, and provides a list context to its
2249 subscript, which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
2251 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
2252 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
2253 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
2256 =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
2258 (W) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single element of
2259 a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
2260 The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves like a scalar, both when
2261 assigning to it and when evaluating its argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves
2262 like a list when you assign to it, and provides a list context to its
2263 subscript, which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
2265 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash
2266 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
2267 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
2270 =item Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
2272 (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a setuid
2273 or setgid bit set. This doesn't make much sense.
2275 =item Search pattern not terminated
2277 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
2278 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
2279 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error.
2281 =item %sseek() on unopened file
2283 (W) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a filehandle that
2284 was either never opened or has since been closed.
2286 =item select not implemented
2288 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
2290 =item sem%s not implemented
2292 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
2294 =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
2296 (S) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a scalar
2297 that had previously been marked as free.
2299 =item Semicolon seems to be missing
2301 (W) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing semicolon,
2302 or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
2304 =item Send on closed socket
2306 (W) The filehandle you're sending to got itself closed sometime before now.
2307 Check your logic flow.
2309 =item Sequence (? incomplete
2311 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?.
2314 =item Sequence (?#... not terminated
2316 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
2317 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See L<perlre>.
2319 =item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented
2321 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved
2322 but has not yet been written. See L<perlre>.
2324 =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized
2326 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense.
2331 Also known as "500 Server error".
2333 B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>.
2335 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by the user
2336 CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the user account you
2337 tested it under), does not rely on any environment variables (like PATH)
2338 from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in a location where the CGI
2339 server can't find it, basically, more or less. Please see the following
2340 for more information:
2342 http://www.perl.com/perl/faq/idiots-guide.html
2343 http://www.perl.com/perl/faq/perl-cgi-faq.html
2344 ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/www/cgi-faq
2345 http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/interface.html
2346 http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/WWW/faqs/www-security-faq.html
2348 =item setegid() not implemented
2350 (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't support
2351 the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
2354 =item seteuid() not implemented
2356 (F) You tried to assign to C<$E<gt>>, and your operating system doesn't support
2357 the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
2360 =item setrgid() not implemented
2362 (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't support
2363 the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
2366 =item setruid() not implemented
2368 (F) You tried to assign to C<$E<lt>>, and your operating system doesn't support
2369 the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
2372 =item Setuid/gid script is writable by world
2374 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the world,
2375 because the world might have written on it already.
2377 =item shm%s not implemented
2379 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
2381 =item shutdown() on closed fd
2383 (W) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit superfluous.
2385 =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
2387 (W) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist. Perhaps you
2388 put it into the wrong package?
2390 =item sort is now a reserved word
2392 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.
2393 But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle.
2395 =item Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
2397 (F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You probably blew
2398 it by not using C<E<lt>=E<gt>> or C<cmp>, or by not using them correctly.
2399 See L<perlfunc/sort>.
2401 =item Sort subroutine didn't return single value
2403 (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more
2404 or less than one element. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
2408 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't iterate
2409 more times than there are characters of input, which is what happened.)
2410 See L<perlfunc/split>.
2412 =item Stat on unopened file E<lt>%sE<gt>
2414 (W) You tried to use the stat() function (or an equivalent file test)
2415 on a filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
2417 =item Statement unlikely to be reached
2419 (W) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a die().
2420 This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns unless
2421 there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system() instead,
2422 which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in a block
2425 =item Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
2427 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation stubs.
2428 Stubs should never be implicitely created, but explicit calls to C<can>
2431 =item Subroutine %s redefined
2433 (W) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
2437 eval "sub name { ... }";
2440 =item Substitution loop
2442 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a
2443 substitution shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of
2444 input, which is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in
2445 L<perlop/"Quote and Quote-like Operators">.
2447 =item Substitution pattern not terminated
2449 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a s/// or s{}{}
2450 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
2451 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
2453 =item Substitution replacement not terminated
2455 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a s/// or s{}{}
2456 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
2457 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
2459 =item substr outside of string
2461 (S),(W) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of a
2462 string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the
2463 length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is
2464 mandatory if substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side
2465 of an assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
2467 =item suidperl is no longer needed since %s
2469 (F) Your Perl was compiled with B<-D>SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but a
2470 version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.
2472 =item switching effective %s is not implemented
2474 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the
2475 real and effective uids or gids.
2479 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
2481 A keyword is misspelled.
2482 A semicolon is missing.
2484 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
2485 An opening or closing brace is missing.
2486 A closing quote is missing.
2488 Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax
2489 error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.)
2490 The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when
2491 it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens
2492 before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input.
2493 Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon
2494 the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call
2495 C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see
2496 if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20 questions>.
2498 =item syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
2500 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
2501 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
2504 =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine
2506 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
2507 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
2508 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
2509 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
2511 =item Syswrite on closed filehandle
2513 (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before now.
2514 Check your logic flow.
2516 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested
2518 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply
2519 nested for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
2521 =item tell() on unopened file
2523 (W) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that was either
2524 never opened or has since been closed.
2526 =item Test on unopened file E<lt>%sE<gt>
2528 (W) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle that isn't
2529 open. Check your logic. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
2531 =item That use of $[ is unsupported
2533 (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted as
2534 a compiler directive. You may say only one of
2543 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base
2544 out from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>.
2546 =item The %s function is unimplemented
2548 The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according
2549 to the probings of Configure.
2551 =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
2553 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
2554 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they
2555 think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they
2556 will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I
2559 =item The stat preceding C<-l _> wasn't an lstat
2561 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic linkhood
2562 if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went past
2563 the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename instead.
2565 =item times not implemented
2567 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I suspect
2568 you're not running on Unix.
2570 =item Too few args to syscall
2572 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
2573 system call to call, silly dilly.
2575 =item Too late for "B<-T>" option
2577 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
2578 B<-T> option, but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.
2579 This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a
2580 script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment.
2583 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
2584 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed
2585 by editing the #! line so that the B<-T> option is a part of Perl's
2586 first argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -T> to C<perl -T -n>.
2588 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
2589 B<-T> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -T scriptname>.
2591 =item Too late for "-%s" option
2593 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
2594 B<-M> or B<-m> option. This is an error because B<-M> and B<-m> options
2595 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead.
2601 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
2602 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
2605 =item Too many args to syscall
2607 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
2609 =item Too many arguments for %s
2611 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
2613 =item trailing \ in regexp
2615 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash. Backslash
2618 =item Transliteration pattern not terminated
2620 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
2621 or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables
2622 C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error.
2624 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated
2626 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
2629 =item truncate not implemented
2631 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
2632 Configure knows about.
2634 =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
2636 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
2637 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be
2638 %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
2639 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>.
2641 =item umask: argument is missing initial 0
2643 (W) A umask of 222 is incorrect. It should be 0222, because octal
2644 literals always start with 0 in Perl, as in C.
2646 =item umask not implemented
2648 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried
2649 to use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
2651 =item Unable to create sub named "%s"
2653 (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name.
2655 =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
2657 (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many execution
2658 contexts were entered and left.
2660 =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
2662 (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many
2663 values were temporarily localized.
2665 =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
2667 (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many blocks
2668 were entered and left.
2670 =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
2672 (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many mortal
2673 scalars were allocated and freed.
2675 =item Undefined format "%s" called
2677 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
2678 another package? See L<perlform>.
2680 =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
2682 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps
2683 it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>.
2685 =item Undefined subroutine &%s called
2687 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
2688 has since been undefined.
2690 =item Undefined subroutine called
2692 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined,
2693 or if it was, it has since been undefined.
2695 =item Undefined subroutine in sort
2697 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem to
2698 have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
2700 =item Undefined top format "%s" called
2702 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
2703 another package? See L<perlform>.
2705 =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob
2707 (W) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la C<*foo = undef>.
2708 This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean C<undef *foo>.
2710 =item unexec of %s into %s failed!
2712 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF
2713 representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
2715 =item Unknown BYTEORDER
2717 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte order.
2719 =item unmatched () in regexp
2721 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
2722 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding
2723 the matching parenthesis. See L<perlre>.
2725 =item Unmatched right bracket
2727 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly brackets (braces) than opening
2728 ones, so you're probably missing an opening bracket. As a general
2729 rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place you were
2732 =item unmatched [] in regexp
2734 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
2735 include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it first.
2738 =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
2740 (W) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a reserved word.
2741 It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it somehow, or insert
2742 an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a subroutine.
2744 =item Unrecognized character %s
2746 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character
2747 in your Perl script (or eval). Perhaps you tried to run a compressed
2748 script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
2750 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
2752 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not recognized.
2753 Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names on your system.
2755 =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
2757 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that.
2758 (If you think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's
2759 supplying the bad switch on your behalf.)
2761 =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
2763 (W) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that operation
2764 failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline, PROBABLY
2765 because you forgot to chop() or chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>.
2767 =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called
2769 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
2771 =item Unsupported function fork
2773 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
2775 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors of
2776 Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try changing
2777 the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
2779 =item Unsupported function %s
2781 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
2782 At least, Configure doesn't think so.
2784 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
2786 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at
2787 least that's what Configure thought.
2789 =item Unterminated E<lt>E<gt> operator
2791 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
2792 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and not
2793 finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out earlier in
2794 the line, and you really meant a "less than".
2796 =item Use of $# is deprecated
2798 (D) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly defined B<awk> feature.
2799 Use an explicit printf() or sprintf() instead.
2801 =item Use of $* is deprecated
2803 (D) This variable magically turned on multi-line pattern matching, both for
2804 you and for any luckless subroutine that you happen to call. You should
2805 use the new C<//m> and C<//s> modifiers now to do that without the dangerous
2806 action-at-a-distance effects of C<$*>.
2808 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported
2810 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
2811 only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
2813 =item Use of bare E<lt>E<lt> to mean E<lt>E<lt>"" is deprecated
2815 (D) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form if you
2816 wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
2818 =item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
2820 (D) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you clobber a
2821 subroutine's argument list, so it's better if you assign the results of
2822 a split() explicitly to an array (or list).
2824 =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
2826 (D) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines are looked
2827 up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the subroutines to
2828 be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. C<Foo::bar()>), not
2829 as methods (e.g. C<Foo-E<gt>bar()> or C<$obj-E<gt>bar()>).
2831 This bug will be rectified in Perl 5.005, which will use method lookup
2832 only for methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base
2833 of existing code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an
2834 interim step, Perl 5.004 issues an optional warning when non-methods
2835 use inherited C<AUTOLOAD>s.
2837 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
2838 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used to
2839 depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class named
2840 C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during startup.
2842 In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);> you
2843 should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
2844 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
2846 =item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
2848 (D) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future versions of perl
2849 may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either explicitly quoting
2850 the word in a manner appropriate for its context of use, or using a
2851 different name altogether. The warning can be suppressed for subroutine
2852 names by either adding a C<&> prefix, or using a package qualifier,
2853 e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>.
2855 =item Use of %s is deprecated
2857 (D) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use, generally
2858 because there's a better way to do it, and also because the old way has
2861 =item Use of uninitialized value
2863 (W) An undefined value was used as if it were already defined. It was
2864 interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake. To suppress this
2865 warning assign an initial value to your variables.
2867 =item Useless use of "re" pragma
2869 (W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful.
2871 =item Useless use of %s in void context
2873 (W) You did something without a side effect in a context that does nothing
2874 with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a value
2875 from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very often
2876 this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl to parse
2877 your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd get this
2878 if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and said
2882 when you meant to say
2884 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
2886 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
2887 reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
2892 when you should have said
2896 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
2897 while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
2898 a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
2899 throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
2900 L<perlref> for more on this.
2902 =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
2904 (W) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was still
2905 valid when C<untie> was called.
2907 =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
2909 (W) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob), C<each()>,
2910 or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs can return a
2911 value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression false, which is
2912 probably not what you intended. When using these constructs in conditional
2913 expressions, test their values with the C<defined> operator.
2915 =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
2917 (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable
2918 that you apparently thought was imported from another module, because
2919 something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported
2920 by that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character
2921 on the front of your variable.
2923 =item Variable "%s" may be unavailable
2925 (W) An inner (nested) I<anonymous> subroutine is inside a I<named>
2926 subroutine, and outside that is another subroutine; and the anonymous
2927 (innermost) subroutine is referencing a lexical variable defined in
2928 the outermost subroutine. For example:
2930 sub outermost { my $a; sub middle { sub { $a } } }
2932 If the anonymous subroutine is called or referenced (directly or
2933 indirectly) from the outermost subroutine, it will share the variable
2934 as you would expect. But if the anonymous subroutine is called or
2935 referenced when the outermost subroutine is not active, it will see
2936 the value of the shared variable as it was before and during the
2937 *first* call to the outermost subroutine, which is probably not what
2940 In these circumstances, it is usually best to make the middle
2941 subroutine anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. Perl has specific
2942 support for shared variables in nested anonymous subroutines; a named
2943 subroutine in between interferes with this feature.
2945 =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
2947 (W) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a lexical
2948 variable defined in an outer subroutine.
2950 When the inner subroutine is called, it will probably see the value of
2951 the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the
2952 *first* call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first
2953 call to the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer
2954 subroutines will no longer share a common value for the variable. In
2955 other words, the variable will no longer be shared.
2957 Furthermore, if the outer subroutine is anonymous and references a
2958 lexical variable outside itself, then the outer and inner subroutines
2959 will I<never> share the given variable.
2961 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
2962 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that
2963 reference variables in outer subroutines are called or referenced,
2964 they are automatically rebound to the current values of such
2967 =item Variable syntax
2969 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
2970 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
2973 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2975 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
2977 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2978 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
2981 are supported and installed on your system.
2982 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
2984 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
2985 settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value.
2986 This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your system
2987 administrator have set up the so-called variable system but Perl could
2988 not use those settings. This was not dead serious, fortunately: there
2989 is a "default locale" called "C" that Perl can and will use, the
2990 script will be run. Before you really fix the problem, however, you
2991 will get the same error message each time you run Perl. How to really
2992 fix the problem can be found in L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
2994 =item Warning: something's wrong
2996 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or
2997 you called it with no args and C<$_> was empty.
2999 =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
3001 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on the
3002 close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk space.
3004 =item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
3006 (S) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that looks like a
3007 binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a term or
3008 unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand function
3009 has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
3013 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
3017 but in actual fact, you got
3021 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
3023 =item Write on closed filehandle
3025 (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before now.
3026 Check your logic flow.
3028 =item X outside of string
3030 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position before
3031 the beginning of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3033 =item x outside of string
3035 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
3036 the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3038 =item Xsub "%s" called in sort
3040 (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet supported.
3042 =item Xsub called in sort
3044 (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet supported.
3046 =item You can't use C<-l> on a filehandle
3048 (F) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file it
3049 already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
3050 Use a filename instead.
3052 =item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
3054 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the
3055 sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip
3056 about what you want. Your best bet is to use the wrapsuid script in
3057 the eg directory to put a setuid C wrapper around your script.
3059 =item You need to quote "%s"
3061 (W) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name. Unfortunately, you
3062 already have a subroutine of that name declared, which means that Perl 5
3063 will try to call the subroutine when the assignment is executed, which is
3064 probably not what you want. (If it IS what you want, put an & in front.)
3066 =item [gs]etsockopt() on closed fd
3068 (W) You tried to get or set a socket option on a closed socket.
3069 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
3070 See L<perlfunc/getsockopt>.
3072 =item \1 better written as $1
3074 (W) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables. The use
3075 of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a
3076 substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form
3077 because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better
3078 if there are more than 9 backreferences.
3080 =item '|' and 'E<lt>' may not both be specified on command line
3082 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
3083 found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to redirect STDIN using
3084 'E<lt>'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.
3086 =item '|' and 'E<gt>' may not both be specified on command line
3088 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
3089 thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and into a pipe to another
3090 command. You need to choose one or the other, though nothing's stopping you
3091 from piping into a program or Perl script which 'splits' output into two
3094 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
3101 =item Got an error from DosAllocMem
3103 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete
3104 version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
3106 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
3108 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form
3116 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix
3117 of a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error
3118 may appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
3119 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in F<README.os2>.
3121 =item PERL_SH_DIR too long
3123 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
3124 C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in F<README.os2>.
3126 =item Process terminated by SIG%s
3128 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix
3129 applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2
3130 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
3131 L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT"