3 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 (W) A warning (optional).
11 (D) A deprecation (enabled by default).
12 (S) A severe warning (enabled by default).
13 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
14 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
15 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
16 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
18 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above
19 (W, D & S) can be controlled using the C<warnings> pragma.
21 If a message can be controlled by the C<warnings> pragma, its warning
22 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 Optional warnings are enabled by using the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-w>
26 and B<-W> switches. Warnings may be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}>
27 to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead
28 of printing it. See L<perlvar>.
30 Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled
31 with the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-X> switch.
33 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
34 L<perlfunc/eval>. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively
35 disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the C<warnings> pragma.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
39 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
40 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
41 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
42 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
47 =item accept() on closed socket %s
49 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget
50 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
53 =item Allocation too large: %lx
55 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
57 =item '%c' allowed only after types %s
59 (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or unpack() only
60 after certain types. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
62 =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
64 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl
65 keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling
66 one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the
67 subroutine is not imported.
69 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand
70 before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.
71 Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's
72 imported with the C<use subs> pragma).
74 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix
75 on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or declare the subroutine
76 to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes"> or
79 =item Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
81 (F) You wrote something like C<tr/a-z-0//> which doesn't mean anything at
82 all. To include a C<-> character in a transliteration, put it either
83 first or last. (In the past, C<tr/a-z-0//> was synonymous with
84 C<tr/a-y//>, which was probably not what you would have expected.)
86 =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
88 (W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
89 you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
90 a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
92 =item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
94 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
95 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to
96 redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.
98 =item '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
100 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
101 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and
102 into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other,
103 though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script
104 which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
106 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
113 =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
115 (W misc) The pattern match (C<//>), substitution (C<s///>), and
116 transliteration (C<tr///>) operators work on scalar values. If you apply
117 one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to
118 a scalar value -- the length of an array, or the population info of a
119 hash -- and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what
120 you meant to do. See L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for
123 =item Args must match #! line
125 (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked
126 with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems
127 impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches;
128 for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>.
130 =item Arg too short for msgsnd
132 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
134 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine
136 (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array element or a
137 subroutine with an ampersand, such as:
143 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
145 (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or array element,
151 or a hash or array slice, such as:
153 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
154 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
156 =item %s argument is not a subroutine name
158 (F) The argument to exists() for C<exists &sub> must be a subroutine
159 name, and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this
162 =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
164 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator
165 that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
166 will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
168 =item Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
170 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O system you
171 forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers take care of transforming
172 data between external and internal representations.) Perl stopped parsing
173 the layer list at this point and did not attempt to push this layer.
174 If your program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
175 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
177 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
179 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some
180 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
182 =item assertion botched: %s
184 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
186 =item Assertion failed: file "%s"
188 (P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
190 =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar
192 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments
193 must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
194 know which context to supply to the right side.
196 =item A thread exited while %d threads were running
198 (W threads)(S) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily the main
199 thread) exited while there were still other threads running.
200 Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return values of the
201 created threads by joining them, and only then exit from the main
202 thread. See L<threads>.
204 =item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
206 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in
207 the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
209 =item Attempt to bless into a reference
211 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be
212 the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've
213 supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
219 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
221 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version
222 of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for
225 bless $self, "$proto";
227 =item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
229 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key
230 which is not in its key set.
232 =item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
234 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
235 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
237 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
239 (P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas
240 that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be
241 outside any of those arenas.
243 =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
245 (P internal) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of
246 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
247 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count
248 of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
250 =item Attempt to free temp prematurely
252 (W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
253 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the
254 SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the
255 free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does
258 =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
260 (P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
262 =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
264 (W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to
265 see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0
266 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed.
267 This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or
268 that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was
269 mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been
272 =item Attempt to join self
274 (F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is an
275 impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or you may need
276 to move the join() to some other thread.
278 =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
280 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
281 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This
282 means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become
283 invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use
284 literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to
287 =item Attempt to reload %s aborted.
289 (F) You tried to load a file with C<use> or C<require> that failed to
290 compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again
291 unless you delete its entry from %INC. See L<perlfunc/require> and
294 =item Attempt to set length of freed array
296 (W) You tried to set the length of an array which has been freed. You
297 can do this by storing a reference to the scalar representing the last index
298 of an array and later assigning through that reference. For example
300 $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
303 =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
305 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr()
306 used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to
307 dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>.
309 =item Attribute "locked" is deprecated
311 (D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragam to modify the "locked"
312 attribute on a code reference. The :locked attribute is obsolete, has had no
313 effect since 5005 threads were removed, and will be removed in the next major
316 =item Attribute "unique" is deprecated
318 (D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragam to modify the "unique"
319 attribute on an array, hash or scalar reference. The :unique attribute has
320 had no effect since Perl 5.8.8, and will be removed in the next major
323 =item Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %d
325 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl()
326 or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively,
327 S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and
328 S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>.
330 =item Bad evalled substitution pattern
332 (F) You've used the C</e> switch to evaluate the replacement for a
333 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate,
334 most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
336 =item Bad filehandle: %s
338 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
339 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an
340 open(), or did it in another package.
342 =item Bad free() ignored
344 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never
345 been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by
346 setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 0.
348 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with "hard"
349 dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of C<Berkeley DB>
350 which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc().
354 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
356 =item Badly placed ()'s
358 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
359 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
362 =item Bad name after %s::
364 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then
365 didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside
374 $sym = "mypack::$var";
376 =item Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s'
378 (F) An extension using the keyword plugin mechanism violated the
381 =item Bad realloc() ignored
383 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
384 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled
385 by setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
387 =item Bad symbol for array
389 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that
390 wasn't a symbol table entry.
392 =item Bad symbol for dirhandle
394 (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
395 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
398 =item Bad symbol for filehandle
400 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something
401 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
403 =item Bad symbol for hash
405 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
406 wasn't a symbol table entry.
408 =item Bareword found in conditional
410 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
411 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part
412 of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
416 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as
419 use constant TYPO => 1;
420 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
422 The C<strict> pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
424 =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
426 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
427 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
428 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
430 =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
432 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but the
433 compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps
434 you need to predeclare a package?
436 =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
438 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
439 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
442 =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
444 (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which
445 implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had already
446 occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}> could not
447 be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely
448 depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.
450 =item \1 better written as $1
452 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables.
453 The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a
454 substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form
455 because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if
456 there are more than 9 backreferences.
458 =item Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
460 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
461 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
462 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
464 =item bind() on closed socket %s
466 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to
467 check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>.
469 =item binmode() on closed filehandle %s
471 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never opened.
472 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
474 =item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
476 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
478 =item Bizarre copy of %s in %s
480 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
483 =item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
485 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to
486 iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition
487 which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown.
489 =item Callback called exit
491 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
492 exited by calling exit.
494 =item %s() called too early to check prototype
496 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the
497 parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check
498 that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an
499 early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the
500 subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype
501 checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the
502 function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid
503 the warning. See L<perlsub>.
505 =item Cannot compress integer in pack
507 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The BER
508 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you
509 attempted to compress Infinity or a very large number (> 1e308).
510 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
512 =item Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
514 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed integer
515 format can only be used with positive integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
517 =item Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob
519 (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a reference in it,
520 then tried to access that symbol via conventional Perl syntax. The access
521 triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob, but it there is no legal conversion
522 from that type of reference to a typeglob.
524 =item Cannot copy to %s in %s
526 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type that cannot
527 be directly assigned not.
529 =item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
531 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER compressed
532 integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted
533 to compress something else. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
535 =item Can't bless non-reference value
537 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces"
538 encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>.
540 =item Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer
542 (F) You called C<break>, but you're in a C<foreach> block rather than
543 a C<given> block. You probably meant to use C<next> or C<last>.
545 =item Can't "break" outside a given block
547 (F) You called C<break>, but you're not inside a C<given> block.
549 =item Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
551 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
552 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined
553 in it, let alone methods. See L<perlobj>.
555 =item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
557 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
558 object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something
559 like this will reproduce the error:
562 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
563 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
565 =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
567 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It
568 ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you
569 didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an
570 object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>.
572 =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
574 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
575 object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a
576 defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name.
577 Something like this will reproduce the error:
580 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
581 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
583 =item Can't chdir to %s
585 (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory
586 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
588 =item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
590 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for
593 =item Can't coerce array into hash
595 (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no
596 information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that
597 only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.
599 =item Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
601 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
602 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't
612 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
614 =item Can't coerce %s to number in %s
616 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
617 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
619 =item Can't coerce %s to string in %s
621 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
622 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
624 =item Can't "continue" outside a when block
626 (F) You called C<continue>, but you're not inside a C<when>
629 =item Can't create pipe mailbox
631 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted
632 quotas or other plumbing problems.
634 =item Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s"
636 (F) Currently, only scalar variables can be declared with a specific
637 class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state" declaration. The semantics may be
638 extended for other types of variables in future.
640 =item Can't declare %s in "%s"
642 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my", "our" or
643 "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
645 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
647 (S inplace) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as
648 a file in /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.
650 =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
652 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
655 =item Can't do inplace edit without backup
657 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try
658 reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say
659 C<-i.bak>, or some such.
661 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
663 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14
664 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during
665 inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored.
667 =item Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
669 (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want your
670 regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. The <-- HERE shows in the
671 regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
673 =item Can't do waitpid with flags
675 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
676 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
678 =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line
680 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
681 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #!
684 =item Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
686 (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-endian,
687 or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and unpacking big- or
688 little-endian floating point values and pointers may not be possible.
689 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
691 =item Can't exec "%s": %s
693 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the
694 named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the
695 permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in
696 C<$ENV{PATH}>, the executable in question was compiled for another
697 architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that
698 can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support
703 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because
704 that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may
705 need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
707 =item Can't execute %s
709 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute
710 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
712 =item Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
714 (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but there
715 is no builtin with the name C<word>.
717 =item Can't find %s character property "%s"
719 (F) You used C<\p{}> or C<\P{}> but the character property by that name
720 could not be found. Maybe you misspelled the name of the property
721 (remember that the names of character properties consist only of
722 alphanumeric characters), or maybe you forgot the C<Is> or C<In> prefix?
724 =item Can't find label %s
726 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's
727 possible for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
729 =item Can't find %s on PATH
731 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
734 =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
736 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be
737 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The
738 script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
740 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
742 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means
743 that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count
744 nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis:
746 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
748 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have included
749 unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's
750 editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
752 =item Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"
754 (F) You may have tried to use C<\p> which means a Unicode property (for
755 example C<\p{Lu}> is all uppercase letters). If you did mean to use a
756 Unicode property, see L<perlunicode> for the list of known properties.
757 If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either
758 by C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, until
763 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
766 =item Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds
768 (W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with EAGAIN and will be retried
771 =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
773 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference
774 between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes.
775 Under VMS, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in
776 the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into
777 account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all
778 the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to
779 the access checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using
780 the device name and FID present in the stat buffer, but this works only
781 if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine,
782 because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning
783 appears, the name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up
784 and returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access checking
785 routine knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you
786 shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises
787 only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.)
789 =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name
791 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
792 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
794 =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
796 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your
797 mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
799 =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
801 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach
802 loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
804 =item Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
806 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look like
807 a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if
808 you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no.
809 See L<perlfunc/goto>.
811 =item Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
813 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
814 comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such
815 as the reduce() function in List::Util).
817 =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
819 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
822 =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
824 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
825 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
826 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
827 routine anyway. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
829 =item Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
831 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
832 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
833 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child
834 processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This
835 situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl
836 may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
838 =item Can't kill a non-numeric process ID
840 (F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers. It is a fatal error to
841 attempt to kill() an undefined, empty-string or otherwise non-numeric
844 =item Can't "last" outside a loop block
846 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
847 except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current
848 block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish"
849 block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep(). You can
850 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the
851 inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See
854 =item Can't linearize anonymous symbol table
856 (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a
857 package, but failed because the package stash has no name.
859 =item Can't load '%s' for module %s
861 (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic extension. This
862 may either mean that you upgraded your version of perl to one that is
863 incompatible with your old dynamic extensions (which is known to happen
864 between major versions of perl), or (more likely) that your dynamic
865 extension was built against an older version of the library that is
866 installed on your system. You may need to rebuild your old dynamic
869 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s
871 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
872 lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed. If you want to
873 localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the
876 =item Can't localize through a reference
878 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
879 handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref
880 pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure
881 that $ref will still be a reference.
883 =item Can't locate %s
885 (F) You said to C<do> (or C<require>, or C<use>) a file that couldn't be
886 found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in @INC,
887 unless the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you
888 need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where
889 the extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name
890 to @INC. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See
891 L<perlfunc/require> and L<lib>.
893 =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
895 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
896 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes
897 are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit>
898 the file, say, by doing C<make install>.
900 =item Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
902 (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library, like
903 for example, C<foo.so> or C<bar.dll>, but the L<DynaLoader> module was
904 unable to locate this library. See L<DynaLoader>.
906 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
908 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
909 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
910 method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>.
912 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
914 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that
915 doesn't seem to exist.
917 =item Can't locate PerlIO%s
919 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
920 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
922 =item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
924 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably
927 =item Can't modify %s in %s
929 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try
930 to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
932 =item Can't modify nonexistent substring
934 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed
937 =item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call
939 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as
940 such, see L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
942 =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var
944 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
947 =item Can't "next" outside a loop block
949 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
950 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
951 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or
952 grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
953 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops
954 once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
956 =item Can't open %s: %s
958 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >>
959 filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line
960 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this
961 is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named on
964 =item Can't open a reference
966 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
967 using the 3-arg open() syntax :
971 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form of
972 open is not supported.
974 =item Can't open bidirectional pipe
976 (W pipe) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported.
977 You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such
978 as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using
979 ">", and then read it in under a different file handle.
981 =item Can't open error file %s as stderr
983 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
984 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on
985 the command line for writing.
987 =item Can't open input file %s as stdin
989 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
990 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
991 command line for reading.
993 =item Can't open output file %s as stdout
995 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
996 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on
997 the command line for writing.
999 =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
1001 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1002 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined
1005 =item Can't open perl script%s
1007 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
1009 If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on the
1010 shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that search, so
1011 you don't have to type the path or C<`which $scriptname`>.
1013 =item Can't read CRTL environ
1015 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV
1016 from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was
1017 missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ
1018 or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not
1021 =item Can't "redo" outside a loop block
1023 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
1024 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
1025 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map()
1026 or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect
1027 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that
1028 loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>.
1030 =item Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
1032 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
1033 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with
1034 the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
1036 =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
1038 (S inplace) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason,
1039 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.
1041 =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
1043 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried
1044 to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
1046 =item Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
1048 (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as opposed
1049 to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the package. If
1050 method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
1052 =item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
1054 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
1055 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This
1058 =item Can't return outside a subroutine
1060 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
1061 there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>.
1063 =item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
1065 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue subroutine,
1066 but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl think you meant
1067 to return only one value. You probably meant to write parentheses around
1068 the call to the subroutine, which tell Perl that the call should be in
1071 =item Can't stat script "%s"
1073 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it
1074 open already. Bizarre.
1076 =item Can't take log of %g
1078 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
1079 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
1080 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the
1083 =item Can't take sqrt of %g
1085 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1086 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard
1087 with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1089 =item Can't undef active subroutine
1091 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can,
1092 however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the
1093 redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure.
1097 (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted, such
1098 as the main Perl stack.
1100 =item Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d
1102 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making it
1103 into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are so
1104 specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message
1105 indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1107 =item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1109 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol
1110 table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous
1111 for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>.
1113 =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1115 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
1116 be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
1118 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1120 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1121 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1123 =item Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1125 (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the
1126 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
1127 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
1129 =item Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
1131 (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-endian
1132 byte-order at the same time, so this combination of modifiers is not
1133 allowed. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1135 =item Can't use %s for loop variable
1137 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a
1140 =item Can't use global %s in "%s"
1142 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This
1143 is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location
1144 (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to
1145 have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
1148 =item Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
1150 (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type
1151 that is already inside a group with a byte-order modifier.
1152 For example you cannot force little-endianness on a type that
1153 is inside a big-endian group.
1155 =item Can't use keyword '%s' as a label
1157 (F) You attempted to use a reserved keyword, such as C<print> or C<BEGIN>,
1158 as a statement label. This is disallowed since Perl 5.11.0.
1160 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1162 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
1163 You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator,
1164 and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
1165 Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
1168 =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1170 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
1171 reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1172 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1174 =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1176 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1177 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
1179 =item Can't use subscript on %s
1181 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1182 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1183 didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
1185 =item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1187 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that
1188 creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a
1189 backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular
1190 expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a
1191 value that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form
1194 =item Can't use "when" outside a topicalizer
1196 (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a C<foreach>
1197 loop nor a C<given> block. (Note that this error is issued on exit
1198 from the C<when> block, so you won't get the error if the match fails,
1199 or if you use an explicit C<continue>.)
1201 =item Can't weaken a nonreference
1203 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only
1204 references can be weakened.
1206 =item Can't x= to read-only value
1208 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value)
1209 with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
1210 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
1212 =item Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
1218 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the C<"C"> format is
1219 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1220 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1224 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1227 =item Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
1233 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However, C<U0>-mode expects
1234 all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so Perl behaved as if you
1237 pack("U0W", $x & 255)
1239 =item Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
1245 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the C<"c"> format
1246 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,
1247 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant
1249 pack("c", $x & 255);
1251 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format
1254 =item Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1256 (W unpack) You tried something like
1258 unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
1260 where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a value
1261 below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl uses the value
1262 modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1264 unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
1266 =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
1268 (W pack) You tried something like
1270 pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
1272 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
1273 value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
1274 uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1276 pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
1278 =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1280 (W unpack) You tried something like
1282 unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
1284 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a
1285 value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl
1286 uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1288 unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
1290 =item close() on unopened filehandle %s
1292 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1294 =item closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
1296 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not really
1297 a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
1299 =item Code missing after '/'
1301 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be another
1302 template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1304 =item %s: Command not found
1306 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1307 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1309 =item Compilation failed in require
1311 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement.
1312 Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it
1313 encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately.
1315 =item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1317 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1318 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited
1319 to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow
1320 arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without
1321 recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string
1322 under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather than
1323 in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so
1324 that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlfaq2> for information
1325 on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.)
1327 =item cond_broadcast() called on unlocked variable
1329 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1330 cond_broadcast() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_broadcast()
1331 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a
1332 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread
1333 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to
1334 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed
1335 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
1338 =item cond_signal() called on unlocked variable
1340 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1341 cond_signal() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_signal()
1342 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a
1343 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread
1344 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to
1345 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed
1346 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the
1349 =item connect() on closed socket %s
1351 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget
1352 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1353 L<perlfunc/connect>.
1355 =item Constant(%s)%s: %s
1357 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to define
1358 an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character name
1359 specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you forgot to load the
1360 corresponding C<overload> or C<charnames> pragma? See L<charnames> and
1363 =item Constant(%s)%s: %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1365 (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to find
1366 the character name specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you
1367 forgot to load the corresponding C<charnames> pragma?
1371 =item Constant is not %s reference
1373 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the C<use constant> pragma)
1374 is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference.
1375 The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This
1376 usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value.
1377 See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> and L<constant>.
1379 =item Constant subroutine %s redefined
1381 (S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been
1382 eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for
1383 commentary and workarounds.
1385 =item Constant subroutine %s undefined
1387 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible
1388 for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
1391 =item Copy method did not return a reference
1393 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See
1394 L<overload/Copy Constructor>.
1396 =item CORE::%s is not a keyword
1398 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1400 =item corrupted regexp pointers
1402 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1403 expression compiler gave it.
1405 =item corrupted regexp program
1407 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a
1410 =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
1412 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
1414 =item Count after length/code in unpack
1416 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but
1417 you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1420 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1422 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly)
1423 100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an
1424 infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in
1425 which case it indicates something else.
1427 This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the F<perl> binary,
1428 setting the C pre-processor macro C<PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN> to the desired value.
1430 =item defined(@array) is deprecated
1432 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it
1433 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the
1434 array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example.
1436 =item defined(%hash) is deprecated
1438 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it
1439 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the hash
1440 is empty, just use C<if (%hash) { # not empty }> for example.
1442 =item %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1444 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1445 there are neither package declarations nor a C<$VERSION>.
1447 =item Delimiter for here document is too long
1449 (F) In a here document construct like C<<<FOO>, the label C<FOO> is too
1450 long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code
1451 that triggers this error.
1453 =item Deprecated use of my() in false conditional
1455 (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to C<my $x if 0>.
1456 There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable
1457 not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false
1458 conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind of
1459 static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want people
1460 relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static effect by
1461 declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, eg
1463 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
1467 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
1469 Beginning with perl 5.9.4, you can also use C<state> variables to
1470 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see L<feature>):
1472 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
1474 =item DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
1476 (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which is
1477 just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort rather than
1478 to create a dangling reference.
1480 =item Did not produce a valid header
1484 =item %s did not return a true value
1486 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
1487 it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
1488 traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would
1489 do. See L<perlfunc/require>.
1491 =item (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1493 (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some
1496 =item (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1498 (W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global
1499 variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which
1502 =item (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1504 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1505 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got
1510 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or
1511 you called it with no args and both C<$@> and C<$_> were empty.
1513 =item Document contains no data
1517 =item %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1519 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1520 define a C<$VERSION.>
1522 =item '/' does not take a repeat count
1524 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code.
1525 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1527 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
1529 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1531 =item do_study: out of memory
1533 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1535 =item (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1537 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
1538 "%s found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
1539 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be
1540 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
1541 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're referencing
1542 something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the
1543 subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty
1544 "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1546 =item dump() better written as CORE::dump()
1548 (W misc) You used the obsolescent C<dump()> built-in function, without fully
1549 qualifying it as C<CORE::dump()>. Maybe it's a typo. See L<perlfunc/dump>.
1551 =item dump is not supported
1553 (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump.
1555 =item Duplicate free() ignored
1557 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1560 =item Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
1562 (W) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a type
1563 in a pack template. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1565 =item elseif should be elsif
1567 (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's
1568 ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named
1569 "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is
1570 unlikely to be what you want.
1574 (F) C<\p> and C<\P> are used to introduce a named Unicode property, as
1575 described in L<perlunicode> and L<perlre>. You used C<\p> or C<\P> in
1576 a regular expression without specifying the property name.
1578 =item entering effective %s failed
1580 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
1581 effective uids or gids failed.
1583 =item %ENV is aliased to %s
1585 (F) You're running under taint mode, and the C<%ENV> variable has been
1586 aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of the
1587 program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
1589 =item Error converting file specification %s
1591 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file
1592 specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a
1593 single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed
1594 an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the
1595 conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1597 =item %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1599 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1600 expression that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which
1601 is unsafe. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>.
1603 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval'
1605 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the
1606 C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1607 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, it
1608 is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly
1609 building the pattern from an interpolated string at run time and using
1610 that in an eval(). See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1612 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
1614 (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width
1615 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'>
1616 pragma is in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1618 =item EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1620 (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without consuming
1621 any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is consumed.
1623 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
1626 =item Excessively long <> operator
1628 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a
1629 Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
1630 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a
1631 variable and glob that.
1633 =item exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
1635 (F) The C<exec> function is not implemented in MacPerl. See L<perlport>.
1637 =item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.
1639 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
1641 =item Exiting eval via %s
1643 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a
1644 goto, or a loop control statement.
1646 =item Exiting format via %s
1648 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such as a
1649 goto, or a loop control statement.
1651 =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s
1653 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a
1654 sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a
1655 loop control statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
1657 =item Exiting subroutine via %s
1659 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such
1660 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
1662 =item Exiting substitution via %s
1664 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such
1665 as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
1667 =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
1669 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has
1670 the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is
1671 usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package,
1672 e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
1674 =item %s: Expression syntax
1676 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
1677 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
1679 =item %s failed--call queue aborted
1681 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK,
1682 CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the
1683 queue of such routines has been prematurely ended.
1685 =item False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1687 (W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a literal
1688 character, not another character class like C<\d> or C<[:alpha:]>. The "-"
1689 in your false range is interpreted as a literal "-". Consider quoting the
1690 "-", "\-". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
1691 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
1693 =item Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
1695 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
1696 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more
1697 details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell
1698 you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
1700 =item fcntl is not implemented
1702 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a
1703 PDP-11 or something?
1705 =item FETCHSIZE returned a negative value
1707 (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements, which
1710 =item Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
1712 (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string start with a length indicator
1713 which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point in asking for
1714 a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as if you specified
1717 =item Filehandle %s opened only for input
1719 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended
1720 it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or
1721 "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to
1722 write the file, use ">" or ">>". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1724 =item Filehandle %s opened only for output
1726 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If
1727 you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it
1728 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
1729 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See L<perlfunc/open>.
1730 Another possibility is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0
1731 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed STDIN earlier?).
1733 =item Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
1735 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
1736 as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you closed STDOUT or STDERR
1739 =item Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
1741 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id
1742 as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN previously.
1744 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name
1746 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be
1747 a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that
1748 happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the
1751 =item flock() on closed filehandle %s
1753 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed
1754 some time before now. Check your control flow. flock() operates on
1755 filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the
1758 =item Format not terminated
1760 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
1761 to the end of your file without finding such a line.
1763 =item Format %s redefined
1765 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
1768 no warnings 'redefine';
1769 eval "format NAME =...";
1772 =item Found = in conditional, should be ==
1782 (or something like that).
1784 =item %s found where operator expected
1786 (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator.
1787 If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an
1788 operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an
1789 operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
1791 =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
1793 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
1795 =item gethostent not implemented
1797 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably
1798 because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname
1801 =item get%sname() on closed socket %s
1803 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed
1804 socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
1806 =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
1808 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the
1809 C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC.
1811 =item getsockopt() on closed socket %s
1813 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
1814 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1815 L<perlfunc/getsockopt>.
1817 =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
1819 (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates
1820 that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or "state"),
1821 declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified to say
1822 which package the global variable is in (using "::").
1824 =item glob failed (%s)
1826 (W glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
1827 C<glob> and C<< <*.c> >>. Usually, this means that you supplied a
1828 C<glob> pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
1829 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
1830 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell) is
1831 broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables in
1832 config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it
1833 were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them all
1834 empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will
1835 think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run
1836 C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl.
1838 =item Glob not terminated
1840 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
1841 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
1842 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
1843 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
1845 =item gmtime(%.0f) too large
1847 (W overflow) You called C<gmtime> with an number that was beyond the 64-bit
1848 range that it accepts, and some rounding resulted. This warning is also
1849 triggered with nan (the special not-a-number value).
1851 =item Got an error from DosAllocMem
1853 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete
1854 version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
1856 =item goto must have label
1858 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
1859 unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
1861 =item ()-group starts with a count
1863 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is
1864 supposed to follow something: a template character or a ()-group.
1865 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1867 =item %s had compilation errors.
1869 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails.
1871 =item Had to create %s unexpectedly
1873 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought
1874 to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be
1875 created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
1877 =item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
1879 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some
1880 spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
1882 =item %s has too many errors
1884 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
1885 Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
1887 =item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
1889 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
1890 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
1891 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
1893 =item Identifier too long
1895 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to
1896 about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound
1897 names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions
1898 of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.
1900 =item Ignoring %s in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1902 (W) Named Unicode character escapes (\N{...}) may return multi-char
1903 or zero length sequences. When such an escape is used in a character class
1904 its behaviour is not well defined. Check that the correct escape has
1905 been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
1907 =item Illegal binary digit %s
1909 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
1911 =item Illegal binary digit %s ignored
1913 (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
1914 binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the
1917 =item Illegal character %s (carriage return)
1919 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
1920 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this error
1921 when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason, your
1922 version of Perl appears to have been built without this support. Talk
1923 to your Perl administrator.
1925 =item Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
1927 (W syntax) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration. Legal
1928 characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, and \.
1930 =item Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
1932 (F) When using the C<sub> keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine,
1933 you must always specify a block of code. See L<perlsub>.
1935 =item Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
1937 (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See L<perlsub>.
1939 =item Illegal division by zero
1941 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in
1942 your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
1945 =item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
1947 (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or
1948 A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal
1949 number stopped before the illegal character.
1951 =item Illegal modulus zero
1953 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
1954 numbers don't take to this kindly.
1956 =item Illegal number of bits in vec
1958 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of
1959 two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
1961 =item Illegal octal digit %s
1963 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1965 =item Illegal octal digit %s ignored
1967 (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1968 Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
1970 =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c
1972 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
1973 following switches: B<-[CDIMUdmtw]>.
1975 =item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
1977 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's
1978 internal environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=>
1979 delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored.
1981 =item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
1983 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical
1984 name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and
1985 didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was
1988 =item (in cleanup) %s
1990 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised
1991 the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the
1992 system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of
1993 times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that
1994 would otherwise result in the same message being repeated.
1996 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag could
1997 also result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>.
1999 =item Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on parent '%s'
2001 (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not
2002 C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See the C3
2003 documentation in L<mro> for more information.
2005 =item In EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647
2007 (F) An error peculiar to EBCDIC. Internally, v-strings are stored as
2008 Unicode code points, and encoded in EBCDIC as UTF-EBCDIC. The UTF-EBCDIC
2009 encoding is limited to code points no larger than 2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF).
2011 =item Infinite recursion in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2013 (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any input
2014 text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive patterns
2015 either consume text or fail.
2017 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
2020 =item Initialization of state variables in list context currently forbidden
2022 (F) Currently the implementation of "state" only permits the initialization
2023 of scalar variables in scalar context. Re-write C<state ($a) = 42> as
2024 C<state $a = 42> to change from list to scalar context. Constructions such
2025 as C<state (@a) = foo()> will be supported in a future perl release.
2027 =item Insecure dependency in %s
2029 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like.
2030 The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or
2031 setgid, or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The
2032 tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly
2033 from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any
2034 such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See
2035 L<perlsec> for more information.
2037 =item Insecure directory in %s
2039 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2040 setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by
2041 the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative directory.
2044 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
2046 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2047 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>,
2048 C<$ENV{ENV}>, C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> or C<$ENV{TERM}> are derived from data
2049 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set
2050 the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>.
2052 =item Integer overflow in %s number
2054 (W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified
2055 either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for
2056 your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number.
2057 On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number
2058 representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or
2059 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl
2060 transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation
2061 internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent
2064 =item Integer overflow in format string for %s
2066 (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of C<printf()>
2067 or C<sprintf()> are too large. The numbers must not overflow the size of
2068 integers for your architecture.
2070 =item Integer overflow in version
2072 (F) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for the
2073 size of integers for your architecture. This is not a warning
2074 because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use a
2075 element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually caused by
2076 trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like
2079 =item Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2081 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
2082 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
2085 =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
2087 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of times
2088 you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine whether the current call
2089 to C<exec> should affect the current script or a subprocess (see
2090 L<perlvms/"exec LIST">). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so
2091 Perl is making a guess and treating this C<exec> as a request to
2092 terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command.
2094 =item Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2096 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The
2097 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
2100 =item %s (...) interpreted as function
2102 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator
2103 followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list
2104 operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
2105 L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>.
2107 =item Invalid %s attribute: %s
2109 The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized
2110 by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
2112 =item Invalid %s attributes: %s
2114 The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
2115 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>.
2117 =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
2119 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See
2120 L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
2122 =item Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2124 (W regexp) The numeric escape (for example C<\xHH>) of value < 256
2125 didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion
2126 from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma.
2127 The escape was replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead.
2128 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
2129 escape was discovered.
2131 =item Invalid mro name: '%s'
2133 (F) You tried to C<mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")>
2134 or C<use mro 'foo'>, where C<foo> is not a valid method resolution order (MRO).
2135 (Currently, the only valid ones are C<dfs> and C<c3>). See L<mro>.
2137 =item Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2139 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
2140 greater than the maximum character. One possibility is that you forgot the
2141 C<{}> from your ending C<\x{}> - C<\x> without the curly braces can go only
2142 up to C<ff>. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
2143 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
2145 =item Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
2147 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
2148 character greater than the maximum character. See L<perlop>.
2150 =item Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
2152 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
2153 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
2154 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
2157 =item Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
2159 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other than a
2160 colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list.
2161 If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that
2162 list was terminated too soon.
2164 =item Invalid type '%s' in %s
2166 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type.
2167 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2168 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be
2171 =item Invalid version format (multiple underscores)
2173 (F) Versions may contain at most a single underscore, which signals
2174 that the version is a beta release. See L<version> for the allowed
2177 =item Invalid version format (underscores before decimal)
2179 (F) Versions may not contain decimals after the optional underscore.
2180 See L<version> for the allowed version formats.
2182 =item ioctl is not implemented
2184 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty
2185 strange for a machine that supports C.
2187 =item ioctl() on unopened %s
2189 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened.
2190 Check you control flow and number of arguments.
2192 =item IO layers (like '%s') unavailable
2194 (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
2195 you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO Perl must be configured
2198 =item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
2200 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
2201 neither as a system call or an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
2203 =item $* is no longer supported
2205 (D deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$*>, deprecated in older perls, has
2206 been removed as of 5.9.0 and is no longer supported. In previous versions of perl the use of
2207 C<$*> enabled or disabled multi-line matching within a string.
2209 Instead of using C<$*> you should use the C</m> (and maybe C</s>) regexp
2210 modifiers. (In older versions: when C<$*> was set to a true value then all regular
2211 expressions behaved as if they were written using C</m>.)
2213 =item $# is no longer supported
2215 (D deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$#>, deprecated in older perls, has
2216 been removed as of 5.9.3 and is no longer supported. You should use the
2217 printf/sprintf functions instead.
2219 =item `%s' is not a code reference
2221 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of overload::constant
2222 needs to be a code reference. Either an anonymous subroutine, or a reference
2225 =item `%s' is not an overloadable type
2227 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is
2230 =item junk on end of regexp
2232 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
2234 =item Label not found for "last %s"
2236 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop
2237 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2240 =item Label not found for "next %s"
2242 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of
2243 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2246 =item Label not found for "redo %s"
2248 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of
2249 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
2252 =item leaving effective %s failed
2254 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and
2255 effective uids or gids failed.
2257 =item length/code after end of string in unpack
2259 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an unpack
2260 length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in
2261 an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2263 =item Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input
2265 (F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current parse
2266 (using L<lex_stuff_pvn_flags|perlapi/lex_stuff_pvn_flags> or similar), but
2267 tried to insert a character that couldn't be part of the current input.
2268 This is an inherent pitfall of the stuffing mechanism, and one of the
2269 reasons to avoid it. Where it is necessary to stuff, stuffing only
2270 plain ASCII is recommended.
2272 =item Lexing code internal error (%s)
2274 (F) Lexing code supplied by an extension violated the lexer's API in a
2277 =item listen() on closed socket %s
2279 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget
2280 to check the return value of your socket() call? See
2283 =item localtime(%.0f) too large
2285 (W overflow) You called C<localtime> with an number that was beyond the
2286 64-bit range that it accepts, and some rounding resulted. This warning is also triggered with nan (the special not-a-number value).
2288 =item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/
2290 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can
2291 handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release.
2293 =item Lost precision when %s %f by 1
2295 (W) The value you attempted to increment or decrement by one is too large
2296 for the underlying floating point representation to store accurately,
2297 hence the target of C<++> or C<--> is unchanged. Perl issues this warning
2298 because it has already switched from integers to floating point when values
2299 are too large for integers, and now even floating point is insufficient.
2300 You may wish to switch to using L<Math::BigInt> explicitly.
2302 =item lstat() on filehandle %s
2304 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
2305 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat()
2306 instead on the filehandle.)
2308 =item Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet
2310 (F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array and hash
2311 values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context. See
2312 L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">.
2314 =item Malformed integer in [] in pack
2316 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
2317 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2319 =item Malformed integer in [] in unpack
2321 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits
2322 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2324 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
2326 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form
2333 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix of
2334 a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may
2335 appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
2336 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in L<perlos2>.
2338 =item Malformed prototype for %s: %s
2340 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
2341 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check for
2342 obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check is run
2343 when the function is called.
2345 =item Malformed UTF-8 character (%s)
2347 (S utf8) (F) Perl detected a string that didn't comply with UTF-8
2348 encoding rules, even though it had the UTF8 flag on.
2350 One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data that
2351 you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy
2352 8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use Encode::decode_utf8.
2354 If you use the C<:encoding(UTF-8)> PerlIO layer for input, invalid byte
2355 sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use C<:utf8>, the flag is
2356 set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this error
2359 See also L<Encode/"Handling Malformed Data">.
2361 =item Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
2363 (F) Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while
2364 doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
2366 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
2368 (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2369 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2371 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
2373 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2374 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2376 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
2378 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding
2379 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress.
2381 =item Maximal count of pending signals (%d) exceeded
2383 (F) Perl aborted due to a too high number of signals pending. This
2384 usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver signals
2385 too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl process from
2386 resources it would need to reach a point where it can process signals
2387 safely. (See L<perlipc/"Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)">.)
2389 =item %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2391 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
2392 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. The <-- HERE
2393 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
2396 =item "%s" may clash with future reserved word
2398 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a perl4
2399 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is
2402 =item % may not be used in pack
2404 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
2405 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way.
2406 See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
2408 =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
2410 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2411 doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2413 =item Method %s not permitted
2417 =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
2419 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused
2420 by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually
2421 ended earlier on the current line.
2423 =item Misplaced _ in number
2425 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
2426 separate two digits.
2428 =item Missing argument to -%c
2430 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
2431 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
2433 =item Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}
2435 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within
2436 double-quotish context.
2438 =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function
2440 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
2441 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
2443 =item Missing command in piped open
2445 (W pipe) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or
2446 C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or
2449 =item Missing control char name in \c
2451 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required control
2454 =item Missing name in "my sub"
2456 (F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that
2457 they have a name with which they can be found.
2459 =item Missing $ on loop variable
2461 (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables
2462 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it
2463 can vary from one line to the next.
2465 =item (Missing operator before %s?)
2467 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
2468 "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
2470 =item Missing right brace on %s
2472 (F) Missing right brace in C<\x{...}>, C<\p{...}> or C<\P{...}>.
2474 =item Missing right curly or square bracket
2476 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing
2477 ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you
2480 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
2482 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
2483 "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
2484 the previous line just because you saw this message.
2486 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted
2488 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
2489 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
2490 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
2492 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
2495 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string.
2497 Yet another way is to assign to a C<foreach> loop I<VAR> when I<VAR>
2498 is aliased to a constant in the look I<LIST>:
2501 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
2502 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to modify the 2
2505 =item Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
2507 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
2508 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array
2511 =item Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
2513 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
2514 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
2516 =item Module name must be constant
2518 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use".
2520 =item Module name required with -%c option
2522 (F) The C<-M> or C<-m> options say that Perl should load some module, but
2523 you omitted the name of the module. Consult L<perlrun> for full details
2524 about C<-M> and C<-m>.
2526 =item More than one argument to '%s' open
2528 (F) The C<open> function has been asked to open multiple files. This
2529 can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes a
2530 list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open mode.
2531 See L<perlfunc/open> for details.
2533 =item msg%s not implemented
2535 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
2537 =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
2539 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>.
2540 They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
2542 =item '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
2544 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not
2545 follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
2546 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2548 =item "my sub" not yet implemented
2550 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try
2553 =item "%s" variable %s can't be in a package
2555 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make
2556 sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use
2557 local() if you want to localize a package variable.
2559 =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
2561 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
2562 If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention it
2563 again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> declaration is
2564 provided for this purpose.
2566 NOTE: This warning detects symbols that have been used only once so $c, @c,
2567 %c, *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or format) are considered
2568 the same; if a program uses $c only once but also uses any of the others it
2569 will not trigger this warning.
2571 =item Negative '/' count in unpack
2573 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was
2574 negative. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2576 =item Negative length
2578 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
2579 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
2581 =item Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
2583 (F) When C<vec> is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be
2584 greater than or equal to zero.
2586 =item Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2588 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. So
2589 things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The <-- HERE shows in the regular
2590 expression about where the problem was discovered.
2592 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and
2593 C<??> appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>.
2595 =item %s never introduced
2597 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of
2598 scope before it could possibly have been used.
2600 =item next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method
2602 (F) C<next::method> needs to be called within the context of a
2603 real method in a real package, and it could not find such a context.
2606 =item No %s allowed while running setuid
2608 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or
2609 setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there
2610 will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least
2611 securable. See L<perlsec>.
2613 =item No comma allowed after %s
2615 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not
2616 allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments.
2617 Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
2619 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
2620 constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such
2621 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating system
2622 does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an
2623 explicit import list for the constants you expect to see, please see
2624 L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an explicit import list
2625 would probably have caught this error earlier it naturally does not
2626 remedy the fact that your operating system still does not support that
2627 constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the symbol import
2628 list of B<use> or B<import> or in the constant name at the line where
2629 this error was triggered?
2631 =item No command into which to pipe on command line
2633 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2634 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
2635 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
2637 =item No DB::DB routine defined
2639 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
2640 for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::>
2641 module) didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each
2644 =item No dbm on this machine
2646 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should
2647 supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>.
2649 =item No DB::sub routine defined
2651 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but
2652 for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::>
2653 module) didn't define a C<DB::sub> routine to be called at the beginning
2654 of each ordinary subroutine call.
2656 =item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
2658 (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
2660 =item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
2662 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2663 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't
2664 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
2666 =item No group ending character '%c' found in template
2668 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
2669 matching counterpart. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2671 =item No input file after < on command line
2673 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2674 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the
2675 name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
2679 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2680 even on machines that don't support the #! construct.
2682 =item No next::method '%s' found for %s
2684 (F) C<next::method> found no further instances of this method name
2685 in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't want
2686 it throwing an exception, use C<maybe::next::method>
2687 or C<next::can>. See L<mro>.
2689 =item "no" not allowed in expression
2691 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
2692 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
2694 =item No output file after > on command line
2696 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2697 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it
2698 doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
2700 =item No output file after > or >> on command line
2702 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2703 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't
2704 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.
2706 =item No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
2708 (F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our"
2709 declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing
2710 semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
2712 =item No Perl script found in input
2714 (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning
2715 with #! and containing the word "perl".
2717 =item No setregid available
2719 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for
2722 =item No setreuid available
2724 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
2727 =item No %s specified for -%c
2729 (F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but
2730 you haven't specified one.
2732 =item No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
2734 (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated typed variable
2735 but that key is not allowed by the package of the same type. The indicated
2736 package has restricted the set of allowed keys using the L<fields> pragma.
2738 =item No such class %s
2740 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state" declaration, but
2741 this class doesn't exist at this point in your program.
2743 =item No such hook: %s
2745 (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl. Currently, Perl
2746 accepts C<__DIE__> and C<__WARN__> as valid signal hooks
2748 =item No such pipe open
2750 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to
2751 close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught
2752 earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
2754 =item No such signal: SIG%s
2756 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was
2757 not recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal
2758 names on your system.
2760 =item Not a CODE reference
2762 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2763 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2764 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2767 =item Not a format reference
2769 (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous
2770 format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist.
2772 =item Not a GLOB reference
2774 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is, a
2775 symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to
2776 something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out what
2777 kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2779 =item Not a HASH reference
2781 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a
2782 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function to
2783 find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2785 =item Not an ARRAY reference
2787 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found
2788 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2789 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2791 =item Not a perl script
2793 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
2794 even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The line must
2797 =item Not a SCALAR reference
2799 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found
2800 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function
2801 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
2803 =item Not a subroutine reference
2805 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
2806 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
2807 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See
2810 =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table
2812 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
2813 doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
2815 =item Not enough arguments for %s
2817 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
2819 =item Not enough format arguments
2821 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line
2822 supplied. See L<perlform>.
2826 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
2827 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2830 =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
2832 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
2833 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent
2834 to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
2835 F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which
2836 need to be added to UTC to get local time.
2838 =item Non-string passed as bitmask
2840 (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to select().
2841 Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor bitmasks for
2842 select. See L<perlfunc/select>
2844 =item Null filename used
2846 (F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many
2847 machines that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
2849 =item NULL OP IN RUN
2851 (P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
2854 =item Null picture in formline
2856 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
2857 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
2858 supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>.
2862 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
2864 =item NULL regexp argument
2866 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
2868 =item NULL regexp parameter
2870 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
2872 =item Number too long
2874 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to
2875 about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
2876 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In
2877 the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of
2880 =item Octal number in vector unsupported
2882 (F) Numbers with a leading C<0> are not currently allowed in vectors.
2883 The octal number interpretation of such numbers may be supported in a
2886 =item Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
2888 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
2889 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
2890 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns.
2892 See also L<perlport> for writing portable code.
2894 =item Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
2896 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number of
2897 arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
2899 =item Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
2901 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
2902 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2904 =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment
2906 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,
2907 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2909 =item Offset outside string
2911 (F, W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
2912 with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to
2913 imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
2914 take place when going past the end of the string when either
2915 C<sysread()>ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar opened
2916 for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the behaviour
2919 =item %s() on unopened %s
2921 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was
2922 never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket()
2923 call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
2925 =item -%s on unopened filehandle %s
2927 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle
2928 that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
2932 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2936 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2938 =item Opening dirhandle %s also as a file
2940 (W io deprecated) You used open() to associate a filehandle to
2941 a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle.
2942 Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing
2945 =item Opening filehandle %s also as a directory
2947 (W io deprecated) You used opendir() to associate a dirhandle to
2948 a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle.
2949 Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing
2952 =item Operation "%s": no method found, %s
2954 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no
2955 handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms
2956 of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless
2957 C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be true. See L<overload>.
2959 =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s
2961 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser
2962 was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to
2963 use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For
2964 example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you said
2967 =item "our" variable %s redeclared
2969 (W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before
2970 in the current lexical scope.
2972 =item Out of memory!
2974 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
2975 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has
2976 no option but to exit immediately.
2978 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your
2979 process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use C<limit> and
2980 C<limit datasize n> (where C<n> is the number of kilobytes) to check
2981 the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use C<ulimit -a>
2982 and C<ulimit -d n>, respectively.
2984 =item Out of memory during %s extend
2986 (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string beyond
2987 the largest possible memory allocation.
2989 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
2991 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
2992 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
2993 the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a
2994 possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
2996 =item Out of memory during request for %s
2998 (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
2999 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
3002 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
3003 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable.
3004 However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as an
3005 emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the error
3006 is trappable I<once>, and the error message will include the line and file
3007 where the failed request happened.
3009 =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request
3011 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error
3012 is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g.,
3013 C<$arr[time]> instead of C<$arr[$time]>.
3015 =item Out of memory for yacc stack
3017 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
3018 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
3021 =item '.' outside of string in pack
3023 (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the working
3024 position to before the start of the packed string being built.
3026 =item '@' outside of string in unpack
3028 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
3029 the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3031 =item '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
3033 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
3034 the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also invalid
3035 UTF-8. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3037 =item Overloaded dereference did not return a reference
3039 (F) An object with an overloaded dereference operator was dereferenced,
3040 but the overloaded operation did not return a reference. See
3043 =item Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP
3045 (F) An object with a C<qr> overload was used as part of a match, but the
3046 overloaded operation didn't return a compiled regexp. See L<overload>.
3048 =item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
3050 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
3051 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself
3052 some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a
3053 mixed-case attribute name, instead. See L<attributes>.
3055 =item pack/unpack repeat count overflow
3057 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your
3058 signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3062 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a
3063 page. See L<perlform>.
3067 (P) An internal error.
3069 =item panic: attempt to call %s in %s
3071 (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
3072 an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this
3073 platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
3074 enter this branch on this platform.
3076 =item panic: ck_grep
3078 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
3080 =item panic: ck_split
3082 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.
3084 =item panic: corrupt saved stack index
3086 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than
3087 there are in the savestack.
3089 =item panic: del_backref
3091 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak
3094 =item panic: Devel::DProf inconsistent subroutine return
3096 (P) Devel::DProf called a subroutine that exited using goto(LABEL),
3097 last(LABEL) or next(LABEL). Leaving that way a subroutine called from
3098 an XSUB will lead very probably to a crash of the interpreter. This is
3099 a bug that will hopefully one day get fixed.
3103 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
3104 it wasn't an eval context.
3106 =item panic: do_subst
3108 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational
3111 =item panic: do_trans_%s
3113 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid operational
3116 =item panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d
3118 (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an C<eval>
3123 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible.
3127 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label,
3128 and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in.
3130 =item panic: hfreeentries failed to free hash
3132 (P) The internal routine used to clear a hashes entries tried repeatedly,
3133 but each time something added more entries to the hash. Most likely the hash
3134 contains an object with a reference back to the hash and a destructor that
3135 adds a new object to the hash.
3137 =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD
3139 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
3141 =item panic: INTERPCONCAT
3143 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
3145 =item panic: kid popen errno read
3147 (F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno.
3151 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered
3152 it wasn't a block context.
3154 =item panic: leave_scope clearsv
3156 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
3159 =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency
3161 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
3162 invalid enum on the top of it.
3164 =item panic: magic_killbackrefs
3166 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak
3167 references to an object.
3171 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
3173 =item panic: memory wrap
3175 (P) Something tried to allocate more memory than possible.
3177 =item panic: pad_alloc
3179 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3180 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3182 =item panic: pad_free curpad
3184 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3185 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3187 =item panic: pad_free po
3189 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
3191 =item panic: pad_reset curpad
3193 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3194 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3196 =item panic: pad_sv po
3198 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
3200 =item panic: pad_swipe curpad
3202 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
3203 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
3205 =item panic: pad_swipe po
3207 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
3209 =item panic: pp_iter
3211 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
3213 =item panic: pp_match%s
3215 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational
3218 =item panic: pp_split
3220 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
3222 =item panic: realloc
3224 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
3226 =item panic: restartop
3228 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and
3229 didn't supply the destination.
3233 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and
3234 then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
3236 =item panic: scan_num
3238 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
3240 =item panic: sv_chop %s
3242 (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within the
3243 scalar's string buffer.
3245 =item panic: sv_insert
3247 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there
3250 =item panic: top_env
3252 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
3254 =item panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
3256 (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that isn't permitted
3259 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
3261 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
3262 to even) byte length.
3264 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen
3266 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8_reversed with an odd (as opposed
3267 to even) byte length.
3271 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
3273 =item Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3275 (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls without
3276 consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is consumed before the
3277 nesting limit is exceeded.
3279 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3282 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
3284 (W parenthesis) You said something like
3290 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
3292 Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than comma.
3294 =item C<-p> destination: %s
3296 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
3297 command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
3298 redirected it with select().)
3300 =item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
3302 (F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
3303 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means
3304 that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
3306 =item Perl_my_%s() not available
3308 (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size,
3309 so it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
3310 conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
3311 '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
3313 =item Perl_pmflag() is deprecated, and will be removed from the XS API
3315 (D deprecated) XS code called the C function C<Perl_pmflag>. This was part of
3316 Perl's listed public API for extending or embedding the perl interpreter. It has
3317 now been removed from the public API, and will be removed in a future release,
3318 hence XS code should be re-written not to use it.
3320 =item Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped
3322 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
3323 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since
3324 you upgraded, anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>.
3326 =item PERL_SH_DIR too long
3328 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
3329 C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>.
3331 =item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
3333 See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values.
3335 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
3337 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
3339 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
3340 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
3343 are supported and installed on your system.
3344 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
3346 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
3347 settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value.
3348 This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your operating
3349 system supplier and/or system administrator have set up the so-called
3350 locale system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not
3351 dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale" called "C" that
3352 Perl can and will use, the script will be run. Before you really fix
3353 the problem, however, you will get the same error message each time
3354 you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in
3355 L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
3357 =item pid %x not a child
3359 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a
3360 process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is
3361 fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
3363 =item 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
3365 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
3367 =item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3369 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The <-- HERE
3370 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
3371 Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix
3372 the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>,
3373 not C<isprint>. See L<perlre>.
3375 =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
3377 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
3378 the BSD version, which takes a pid.
3380 =item POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3382 (W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go
3383 I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example:
3384 /[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently
3385 implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and will
3386 cause fatal errors. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3387 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3389 =item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3391 (F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
3392 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions.
3393 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
3394 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
3395 backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
3396 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3398 =item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3400 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
3401 with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions. If you
3402 need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression
3403 character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[="
3404 and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
3405 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3407 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
3409 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
3410 strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as
3411 literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the
3412 parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
3414 You probably wrote something like this:
3421 when you should have written this:
3428 If you really want comments, build your list the
3429 old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas:
3433 'b', # another comment
3436 =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas
3438 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
3439 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
3440 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
3443 You probably wrote something like this:
3447 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without
3448 commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
3452 =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
3454 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for.
3455 Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the
3456 end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
3457 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
3459 =item Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator
3461 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction
3462 with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
3464 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
3466 This expression is actually equivalent to C<$x & ($y == 0)>, due to the
3467 higher precedence of C<==>. This is probably not what you want. (If you
3468 really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the
3469 parentheses explicitly and write C<$x & ($y == 0)>).
3471 =item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
3473 (W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted string
3474 but there was no array C<@foo> in scope at the time. If you wanted a
3475 literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened
3476 to the array you apparently lost track of.
3478 =item Possible unintended interpolation of $\ in regex
3480 (W ambiguous) You said something like C<m/$\/> in a regex.
3481 The regex C<m/foo$\s+bar/m> translates to: match the word 'foo', the output
3482 record separator (see L<perlvar/$\>) and the letter 's' (one time or more)
3483 followed by the word 'bar'.
3485 If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by using
3486 C<m/${\}/> (for example: C<m/foo${\}s+bar/>).
3488 If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the line
3489 followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line then you can use
3490 C<m/$(?)\/> (for example: C<m/foo$(?)\s+bar/>).
3492 =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
3494 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
3498 is now misinterpreted as
3502 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and
3503 list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put
3504 parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead
3507 =item Premature end of script headers
3511 =item printf() on closed filehandle %s
3513 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
3514 before now. Check your control flow.
3516 =item print() on closed filehandle %s
3518 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime
3519 before now. Check your control flow.
3521 =item Process terminated by SIG%s
3523 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix
3524 applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2
3525 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
3526 L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT"
3529 =item Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s
3531 (W syntax) A character follows % or @ in a prototype. This is useless,
3532 since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine arguments.
3534 =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
3536 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been
3537 declared or defined with a different function prototype.
3539 =item Prototype not terminated
3541 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
3544 =item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3546 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you
3547 meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3548 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3550 =item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3552 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of the
3553 {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where
3554 the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3556 =item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3558 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where
3559 it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the
3560 quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match
3561 "abc" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is
3562 C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>.
3564 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3567 =item Range iterator outside integer range
3569 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".."
3570 are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally.
3571 One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment
3572 by prepending "0" to your numbers.
3574 =item readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
3576 (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not really
3577 a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
3579 =item readline() on closed filehandle %s
3581 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime
3582 before now. Check your control flow.
3584 =item read() on closed filehandle %s
3586 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
3588 =item read() on unopened filehandle %s
3590 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
3592 =item Reallocation too large: %lx
3594 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
3596 =item realloc() of freed memory ignored
3598 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had
3601 =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch
3603 (F debugging) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce
3604 the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
3605 which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
3607 =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
3609 (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a package, Perl
3610 believes it found an infinite loop in the C<@ISA> hierarchy. This is a
3611 crude check that bails out after 100 levels of C<@ISA> depth.
3613 =item Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method %s
3615 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while invoking
3616 a method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance
3619 =item Reference found where even-sized list expected
3621 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list
3622 with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This usually
3623 means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant to use
3624 parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>.
3626 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
3627 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
3628 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
3629 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
3631 =item Reference is already weak
3633 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak.
3634 Doing so has no effect.
3636 =item Reference miscount in sv_replace()
3638 (W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with
3639 a reference count of other than 1.
3641 =item Reference to invalid group 0
3643 (F) You used C<\g0> or similar in a regular expression. You may refer to
3644 capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers (normal
3645 backreferences) or with strictly negative integers (relative
3646 backreferences), but using 0 does not make sense.
3648 =item Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3650 (F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are
3651 not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If you
3652 wanted to have the character with value 7 inserted into the regular expression,
3653 prepend a zero to make the number at least two digits: C<\07>
3655 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3658 =item Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3660 (F) You used something like C<\g{-7}> in your regular expression, but there are
3661 not at least seven sets of closed capturing parentheses in the expression before
3662 where the C<\g{-7}> was located.
3664 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3667 =item Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3669 (F) You used something like C<\k'NAME'> or C<< \k<NAME> >> in your regular
3670 expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing parentheses such
3671 as C<(?'NAME'...)> or C<(?<NAME>...). Check if the name has been spelled
3672 correctly both in the backreference and the declaration.
3674 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3677 =item (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3679 (F) You used something like C<(?(DEFINE)...|..)> which is illegal. The
3680 most likely cause of this error is that you left out a parenthesis inside
3681 of the C<....> part.
3683 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3686 =item regexp memory corruption
3688 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
3689 expression compiler gave it.
3691 =item Regexp out of space
3693 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it
3696 =item Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @# incompatible)
3698 (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
3699 numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
3700 terminates. You might use ^# instead. See L<perlform>.
3702 =item Replacement list is longer than search list
3704 (W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the
3705 search list. So the additional elements in the replacement list
3708 =item Reversed %s= operator
3710 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must
3711 always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.
3713 =item rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
3715 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either closed or not
3716 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
3718 =item Scalars leaked: %d
3720 (P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars:
3721 not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited.
3722 What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad,
3723 especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running.
3725 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
3727 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
3728 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar
3729 value (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always
3730 behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
3731 argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
3732 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
3733 if you're expecting only one subscript.
3735 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
3736 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
3737 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
3740 =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
3742 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single
3743 element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value
3744 (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves
3745 like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its
3746 argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves like a list when you assign to it,
3747 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things
3748 if you're expecting only one subscript.
3750 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element
3751 as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will
3752 not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
3755 =item Search pattern not terminated
3757 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
3758 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
3759 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error.
3761 Note that since Perl 5.9.0 a // can also be the I<defined-or>
3762 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code written
3763 in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be
3764 misparsed by pre-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern.
3766 =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern
3768 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a C<?PATTERN?>
3771 The question mark is also used as part of the ternary operator (as in
3772 C<foo ? 0 : 1>) leading to some ambiguous constructions being wrongly
3773 parsed. One way to disambiguate the parsing is to put parentheses around
3774 the conditional expression, i.e. C<(foo) ? 0 : 1>.
3776 =item %sseek() on unopened filehandle
3778 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
3779 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
3781 =item seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
3783 (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed or not
3784 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
3786 =item select not implemented
3788 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
3790 =item Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
3792 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in
3793 the current implementation.
3795 =item Semicolon seems to be missing
3797 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing
3798 semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
3800 =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
3802 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a
3803 scalar that had previously been marked as free.
3805 =item sem%s not implemented
3807 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
3809 =item send() on closed socket %s
3811 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
3812 before now. Check your control flow.
3814 =item Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3816 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The <-- HERE
3817 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3820 =item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3822 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved but
3823 has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3824 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
3826 =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3828 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense. The
3829 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3830 discovered. See L<perlre>.
3832 =item Sequence \\%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3834 (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following the escape
3835 sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly written.
3837 =item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3839 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
3840 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. The <-- HERE shows in
3841 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3844 =item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3846 (F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance
3847 for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <-- HERE shows in
3848 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3851 =item 500 Server error
3857 This is the error message generally seen in a browser window when trying
3858 to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The actual error text
3859 varies widely from server to server. The most frequently-seen variants
3860 are "500 Server error", "Method (something) not permitted", "Document
3861 contains no data", "Premature end of script headers", and "Did not
3862 produce a valid header".
3864 B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>.
3866 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by the
3867 user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the user
3868 account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment variables
3869 (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in a
3870 location where the CGI server can't find it, basically, more or less.
3871 Please see the following for more information:
3873 http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
3874 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
3875 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
3877 You should also look at L<perlfaq9>.
3879 =item setegid() not implemented
3881 (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't
3882 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3885 =item seteuid() not implemented
3887 (F) You tried to assign to C<< $> >>, and your operating system doesn't
3888 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3891 =item setpgrp can't take arguments
3893 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
3894 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process
3897 =item setrgid() not implemented
3899 (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't
3900 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3903 =item setruid() not implemented
3905 (F) You tried to assign to C<$<>, and your operating system doesn't
3906 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure
3909 =item setsockopt() on closed socket %s
3911 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you
3912 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
3913 L<perlfunc/setsockopt>.
3915 =item Setuid/gid script is writable by world
3917 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the
3918 world, because the world might have written on it already.
3920 =item Setuid script not plain file
3922 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that isn't read from a file,
3923 but from a socket, a pipe or another device.
3925 =item shm%s not implemented
3927 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
3929 =item !=~ should be !~
3931 (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
3932 interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
3933 operators: probably not what you intended.
3935 =item <> should be quotes
3937 (F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written
3940 =item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
3942 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string,
3943 as in the first argument to C<join>. Perl will treat the true or false
3944 result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string, which is
3945 probably not what you had in mind.
3947 =item shutdown() on closed socket %s
3949 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit
3952 =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
3954 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist.
3955 Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
3957 =item Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation
3959 (F) You should not use the C<~~> operator on an object that does not
3960 overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure for
3963 =item sort is now a reserved word
3965 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.
3966 But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle.
3968 =item Sort subroutine didn't return single value
3970 (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more
3971 or less than one element. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
3973 =item splice() offset past end of array
3975 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of
3976 the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at the end
3977 of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you want, try
3978 explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array = $offset. See
3983 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't
3984 iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what
3985 happened.) See L<perlfunc/split>.
3987 =item Statement unlikely to be reached
3989 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a
3990 die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns
3991 unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system()
3992 instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in
3995 =item stat() on unopened filehandle %s
3997 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that
3998 was either never opened or has since been closed.
4000 =item Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
4002 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation
4003 stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to
4004 C<can> may break this.
4006 =item Subroutine %s redefined
4008 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
4011 no warnings 'redefine';
4012 eval "sub name { ... }";
4015 =item Substitution loop
4017 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution
4018 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which
4019 is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in
4020 L<perlop/"Regexp Quote-Like Operators">.
4022 =item Substitution pattern not terminated
4024 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
4025 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
4026 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
4028 =item Substitution replacement not terminated
4030 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
4031 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
4032 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
4034 =item substr outside of string
4036 (W substr),(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of
4037 a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the
4038 length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is fatal if
4039 substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an
4040 assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
4042 =item sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
4044 (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade an SV to a type which was actually
4045 inferior to its current type.
4047 =item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4049 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most two
4050 branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or both to
4051 contain alternation, such as using C<this|that|other>, enclose it in
4052 clustering parentheses:
4054 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
4056 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
4057 discovered. See L<perlre>.
4059 =item Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4061 (F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct is a
4062 number, it can be only a number. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
4063 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4065 =item switching effective %s is not implemented
4067 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real
4068 and effective uids or gids.
4072 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
4076 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
4078 A keyword is misspelled.
4079 A semicolon is missing.
4081 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
4082 An opening or closing brace is missing.
4083 A closing quote is missing.
4085 Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax
4086 error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.)
4087 The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when
4088 it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens
4089 before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input.
4090 Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon
4091 the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call
4092 C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see
4093 if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20
4096 =item syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
4098 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead
4099 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
4102 =item syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
4104 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
4105 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict"
4106 or "my $var" or "our $var".
4108 =item sysread() on closed filehandle %s
4110 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
4112 =item sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
4114 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.
4116 =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine
4118 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
4119 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
4120 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
4121 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
4123 =item syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
4125 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
4126 before now. Check your control flow.
4128 =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
4130 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
4131 know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
4133 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested
4135 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested
4136 for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
4138 =item tell() on unopened filehandle
4140 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that
4141 was either never opened or has since been closed.
4143 =item telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4145 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not really
4146 a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4148 =item That use of $[ is unsupported
4150 (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted
4151 as a compiler directive. You may say only one of
4160 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out
4161 from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>.
4163 =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
4165 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
4166 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they
4167 think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they
4168 will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I
4171 =item The %s function is unimplemented
4173 The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according
4174 to the probings of Configure.
4176 =item The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
4178 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
4179 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went
4180 past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename
4183 =item The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
4185 (F) This attribute was never supported on C<my> or C<sub> declarations.
4187 =item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
4189 =item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
4191 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an
4192 element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl
4193 wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll
4194 need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine
4195 F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that the environ array isn't the
4196 target of the change to
4197 %ENV which produced the warning.
4199 =item thread failed to start: %s
4201 (W threads)(S) The entry point function of threads->create() failed for some reason.
4203 =item times not implemented
4205 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
4206 suspect you're not running on Unix.
4208 =item "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
4210 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
4211 B<-T> option (or the B<-t> option), but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.
4212 This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a
4213 script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment.
4216 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
4217 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed by
4218 editing the #! line so that the B<-%c> option is a part of Perl's first
4219 argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -%c> to C<perl -%c -n>.
4221 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
4222 B<-%c> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -%c scriptname>.
4224 =item To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
4226 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
4227 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
4228 specified an illegal mapping.
4229 See L<perlunicode/"User-Defined Character Properties">.
4231 =item Too deeply nested ()-groups
4233 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level.
4235 =item Too few args to syscall
4237 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
4238 system call to call, silly dilly.
4240 =item Too late for "-%s" option
4242 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
4243 B<-M>, B<-m> or B<-C> option.
4245 In the case of B<-M> and B<-m>, this is an error because those options are
4246 not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead.
4248 The B<-C> option only works if it is specified on the command line as well
4249 (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following). Either specify
4250 this option on the command line, or, if your system supports it, make your
4251 script executable and run it directly instead of passing it to perl.
4253 =item Too late to run %s block
4255 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper,
4256 when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are
4257 loading a file with C<require> or C<do> when you should be using C<use>
4258 instead. Or perhaps you should put the C<require> or C<do> inside a
4261 =item Too many args to syscall
4263 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
4265 =item Too many arguments for %s
4267 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
4271 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
4272 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
4276 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
4277 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
4279 =item Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
4281 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
4282 Backslash it. See L<perlre>.
4284 =item Transliteration pattern not terminated
4286 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
4287 or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables
4288 C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error.
4290 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated
4292 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
4293 y/// or y[][] construct.
4295 =item '%s' trapped by operation mask
4297 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's
4298 disallowed. See L<Safe>.
4300 =item truncate not implemented
4302 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
4303 Configure knows about.
4305 =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
4307 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
4308 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be
4309 %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
4310 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>.
4312 =item umask not implemented
4314 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to
4315 use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
4317 =item Unable to create sub named "%s"
4319 (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name.
4321 =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
4323 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4324 many execution contexts were entered and left.
4326 =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
4328 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4329 many values were temporarily localized.
4331 =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
4333 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4334 many blocks were entered and left.
4336 =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
4338 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how
4339 many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
4341 =item Undefined format "%s" called
4343 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
4344 another package? See L<perlform>.
4346 =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
4348 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
4349 Perhaps it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>.
4351 =item Undefined subroutine &%s called
4353 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
4354 since been undefined.
4356 =item Undefined subroutine called
4358 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined,
4359 or if it was, it has since been undefined.
4361 =item Undefined subroutine in sort
4363 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem
4364 to have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
4366 =item Undefined top format "%s" called
4368 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
4369 another package? See L<perlform>.
4371 =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob
4373 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la
4374 C<*foo = undef>. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
4377 =item %s: Undefined variable
4379 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl.
4380 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.
4382 =item unexec of %s into %s failed!
4384 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF
4385 representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
4387 =item Unicode non-character %s is illegal for interchange
4389 (W utf8) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are defined by the
4390 Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those are legal codepoints, but are
4391 reserved for internal use; so, applications shouldn't attempt to exchange
4392 them. If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by
4393 C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
4395 =item Unknown BYTEORDER
4397 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte
4400 =item Unknown open() mode '%s'
4402 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
4403 of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>,
4404 C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>.
4406 =item Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
4408 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O
4409 system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and
4410 internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>,
4411 are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't
4412 explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the
4413 value of the environment variable PERLIO.
4415 =item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
4417 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before
4418 iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of
4419 data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to
4420 subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
4422 =item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
4424 You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
4426 =item Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4428 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct
4429 is not known. The condition may be lookahead or lookbehind (the condition
4430 is true if the lookahead or lookbehind is true), a (?{...}) construct (the
4431 condition is true if the code evaluates to a true value), or a number (the
4432 condition is true if the set of capturing parentheses named by the number
4435 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
4436 discovered. See L<perlre>.
4438 =item Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
4440 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
4441 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
4443 =item Unknown Unicode option value %x
4445 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation
4446 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options.
4448 =item Unknown warnings category '%s'
4450 (F) An error issued by the C<warnings> pragma. You specified a warnings
4451 category that is unknown to perl at this point.
4453 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a module
4454 (e.g. C<use warnings 'File::Find'>), you must have imported this module
4456 =item Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4458 (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a C<*> quantifier
4459 after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review
4460 L<perlre> for details on legal verb patterns.
4464 =item unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4466 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
4467 include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it
4468 first. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem
4469 was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4471 =item unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4473 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
4474 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding the
4475 matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4476 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4478 =item Unmatched right %s bracket
4480 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening
4481 ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a
4482 general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place
4483 you were last editing.
4485 =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
4487 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
4488 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it
4489 somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a
4492 =item Unrecognized character %s; marked by <-- HERE after %s near column %d
4494 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character
4495 in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column. Perhaps you tried
4496 to run a compressed script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
4498 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4500 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
4501 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
4502 understood literally.
4503 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
4504 escape was discovered.
4506 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
4508 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
4509 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally.
4511 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4513 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
4514 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally.
4515 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
4516 escape was discovered.
4518 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
4520 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
4521 recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names
4524 =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
4526 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you
4527 think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the
4528 bad switch on your behalf.)
4530 =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
4532 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
4533 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline,
4534 PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>.
4536 =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called
4538 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
4540 =item Unsupported function %s
4542 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
4543 At least, Configure doesn't think so.
4545 =item Unsupported function fork
4547 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
4549 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors
4550 of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try
4551 changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
4553 =item Unsupported script encoding %s
4555 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which
4556 declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot read.
4558 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
4560 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at
4561 least that's what Configure thought.
4563 =item Unterminated attribute list
4565 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
4566 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
4567 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
4568 attribute too soon. See L<attributes>.
4570 =item Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
4572 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing
4573 an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis
4574 character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash
4575 character to get your parentheses to balance. See L<attributes>.
4577 =item Unterminated compressed integer
4579 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
4580 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
4581 See L<perlfunc/pack>.
4583 =item Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4585 (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB)> but did not terminate
4586 the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry.
4588 =item Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4590 (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB:ARG)> but did not terminate
4591 the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry.
4593 =item Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4595 (F) You missed a close brace on a \g{..} pattern (group reference) in
4596 a regular expression. Fix the pattern and retry.
4598 =item Unterminated <> operator
4600 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
4601 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and
4602 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out
4603 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than".
4605 =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
4607 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was
4608 still valid when C<untie> was called.
4610 =item Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
4612 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments.
4613 See L<POSIX/FUNCTIONS> for more information.
4615 =item Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
4617 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments.
4618 See L<Win32> for more information.
4620 =item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4622 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no
4623 meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
4625 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
4629 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
4631 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4632 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4634 =item Useless localization of %s
4636 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as C<local($x=10)> is
4637 legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may change at
4638 some point in the future, but in the meantime such code is discouraged.
4640 =item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4642 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no
4643 meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
4645 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
4649 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
4651 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
4652 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>.
4654 =item Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator
4656 (W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the
4657 same length as the replacelist. See L<perlop> for more information
4658 about the /d modifier.
4660 =item Useless use of %s in void context
4662 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does
4663 nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a
4664 value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very
4665 often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl
4666 to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd
4667 get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and
4672 when you meant to say
4674 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
4676 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
4677 reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
4682 when you should have said
4686 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
4687 while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
4688 a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
4689 throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
4690 L<perlref> for more on this.
4692 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1
4693 since they are often used in statements like
4695 1 while sub_with_side_effects();
4697 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
4700 =item Useless use of "re" pragma
4702 (W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful.
4704 =item Useless use of sort in scalar context
4706 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
4710 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
4712 =item Useless use of %s with no values
4714 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no arguments
4715 apart from the array, like C<push(@x)> or C<unshift(@foo)>. That won't
4716 usually have any effect on the array, so is completely useless. It's
4717 possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could have some effect
4718 if the array is tied to a class which implements a PUSH method. If so,
4719 you can write it as C<push(@tied_array,())> to avoid this warning.
4721 =item "use" not allowed in expression
4723 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and
4724 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
4726 =item Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated
4728 (D deprecated) The C<$[> variable (index of the first element in an array)
4729 is deprecated. See L<perlvar/"$[">.
4731 =item Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated
4733 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted
4734 form if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
4736 =item Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated
4738 (D deprecated) The values you give to a format should be
4739 separated by commas, not just aligned on a line.
4741 =item Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated
4743 (D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to
4744 $ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this
4745 behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they
4748 Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not
4749 blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.
4751 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
4753 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
4754 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
4756 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
4758 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but didn't
4759 use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is
4760 used. (This may change in the future.)
4762 =item Use of freed value in iteration
4764 (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop?
4765 This error is typically caused by code like the following:
4768 @a = () for (1,2,@a);
4770 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over.
4771 For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full
4772 reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the
4773 middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value.
4775 =item Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated
4777 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO} form
4778 to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob.
4780 =item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
4782 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split>
4783 operator. Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern
4784 repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect.
4786 =item Use of "goto" to jump into a construct is deprecated
4788 (D deprecated) Using C<goto> to jump from an outer scope into an inner
4789 scope is deprecated and should be avoided.
4791 =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
4793 (D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines
4794 are looked up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the
4795 subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g.
4796 C<Foo::bar()>), not as methods (e.g. C<< Foo->bar() >> or C<<
4799 This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for
4800 methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base of existing
4801 code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl
4802 currently issues an optional warning when non-methods use inherited
4805 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
4806 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used
4807 to depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class
4808 named C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during
4811 In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);>
4812 you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
4813 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
4815 =item Use of octal value above 377 is deprecated
4817 (D deprecated, W regexp) There is a constant in the regular expression whose
4818 value is interpeted by Perl as octal and larger than 377 (255 decimal, 0xFF
4819 hex). Perl may take this to mean different things depending on the rest of
4820 the regular expression. If you meant such an octal value, convert it to
4821 hexadecimal and use C<\xHH> or C<\x{HH}> instead. If you meant to have
4822 part of it mean a backreference, use C<\g> for that. See L<perlre>.
4824 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported
4826 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
4827 only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
4829 =item Use of %s is deprecated
4831 (D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,
4832 generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the
4833 old way has bad side effects.
4835 =item Use of -l on filehandle %s
4837 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file
4838 it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
4839 The operation returned C<undef>. Use a filename instead.
4841 =item Use of "package" with no arguments is deprecated
4843 (D deprecated) You used the C<package> keyword without specifying a package
4844 name. So no namespace is current at all. Using this can cause many
4845 otherwise reasonable constructs to fail in baffling ways. C<use strict;>
4848 =item Use of reference "%s" as array index
4850 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably
4851 isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend
4852 to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error.
4854 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like so:
4855 C<$array[0+$ref]>. This warning is not given for overloaded objects,
4856 either, because you can overload the numification and stringification
4857 operators and then you assumably know what you are doing.
4859 =item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
4861 (D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future
4862 versions of perl may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either
4863 explicitly quoting the word in a manner appropriate for its context of
4864 use, or using a different name altogether. The warning can be
4865 suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a C<&> prefix, or using
4866 a package qualifier, e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>.
4868 =item Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
4870 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied C<system()> or C<exec()> with multiple
4871 arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used to be allowed
4872 but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl. Untaint your
4873 arguments. See L<perlsec>.
4875 =item Use of uninitialized value%s
4877 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
4878 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.
4879 To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables.
4881 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell you the
4882 name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some cases it cannot
4883 do this, so it also tells you what operation you used the undefined value
4884 in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your program and the operation
4885 displayed in the warning may not necessarily appear literally in your
4886 program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is usually optimized into C<"that "
4887 . $foo>, and the warning will refer to the C<concatenation (.)> operator,
4888 even though there is no C<.> in your program.
4890 =item Using a hash as a reference is deprecated
4892 (D deprecated) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in
4893 C<< %foo->{"bar"} >> or C<< %$ref->{"hello"} >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1
4894 used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will
4895 be removed in a future version.
4897 =item Using an array as a reference is deprecated
4899 (D deprecated) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in
4900 C<< @foo->[23] >> or C<< @$ref->[99] >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 used to
4901 allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will be
4902 removed in a future version.
4904 =item UTF-16 surrogate %s
4906 (W utf8) You tried to generate half of an UTF-16 surrogate by
4907 requesting a Unicode character between the code points 0xD800 and
4908 0xDFFF (inclusive). That range is reserved exclusively for the use of
4909 UTF-16 encoding (by having two 16-bit UCS-2 characters); but Perl
4910 encodes its characters in UTF-8, so what you got is a very illegal
4911 character. If you really know what you are doing you can turn off
4912 this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>.
4914 =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
4916 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob),
4917 C<each()>, or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs
4918 can return a value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression
4919 false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these
4920 constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the
4921 C<defined> operator.
4923 =item Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
4925 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an
4926 %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string
4927 longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to
4930 =item Variable "%s" is not available
4932 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is
4933 attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently available.
4934 This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the outer lexical may be
4935 declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not yet been created.
4936 (Remember that named subs are created at compile time, while anonymous
4937 subs are created at run-time.) For example,
4939 sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
4941 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value of $a,
4942 since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely,
4943 the following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by
4944 now been created and is live:
4946 sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
4948 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has
4949 gone out of scope, for example,
4957 Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently being
4958 executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
4960 =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
4962 (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable that
4963 you apparently thought was imported from another module, because
4964 something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by
4965 that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the
4966 front of your variable.
4968 =item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in m/%s/
4970 (F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and
4971 known at compile time. See L<perlre>.
4973 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
4975 (W misc) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in the current
4976 scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the previous
4977 instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note that the
4978 earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope or until
4979 all closure referents to it are destroyed.
4981 =item Variable syntax
4983 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
4984 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
4987 =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
4989 (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a
4990 lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
4992 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of
4993 the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
4994 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the
4995 outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no
4996 longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the
4997 variable will no longer be shared.
4999 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
5000 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that
5001 reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they
5002 are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
5004 =item Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5006 (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an argument
5007 or check that you are using the right verb.
5009 =item Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5011 (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument. Remove the
5012 argument or check that you are using the right verb.
5014 =item Version number must be a constant number
5016 (P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into
5017 its equivalent C<BEGIN> block found an internal inconsistency with
5020 =item Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s'
5022 (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end, which
5025 =item Warning: something's wrong
5027 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or
5028 you called it with no args and C<$@> was empty.
5030 =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
5032 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on
5033 the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk
5036 =item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
5038 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
5039 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a
5040 term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand
5041 function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
5045 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
5049 but in actual fact, you got
5053 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
5055 =item Wide character in %s
5057 (S utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting
5058 one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The easiest
5059 way to quiet this warning is simply to add the C<:utf8> layer to the
5060 output, e.g. C<binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'>. Another way to turn off the
5061 warning is to add C<no warnings 'utf8';> but that is often closer to
5062 cheating. In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the
5063 filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>.
5065 =item Within []-length '%c' not allowed
5067 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by C<[TEMPLATE]> only if
5068 C<TEMPLATE> always matches the same amount of packed bytes that can be
5069 determined from the template alone. This is not possible if it contains an
5070 of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a *-length. Redesign the template.
5072 =item write() on closed filehandle %s
5074 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime
5075 before now. Check your control flow.
5077 =item %s "\x%s" does not map to Unicode
5079 When reading in different encodings Perl tries to map everything
5080 into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not legal in
5081 this encoding, for example
5083 utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
5085 if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
5087 =item 'X' outside of string
5089 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before
5090 the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
5092 =item 'x' outside of string in unpack
5094 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
5095 the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
5097 =item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
5099 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the
5100 sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip
5101 about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C wrapper around
5104 =item You need to quote "%s"
5106 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
5107 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
5108 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
5109 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it IS
5110 what you want, put an & in front.)
5112 =item Your random numbers are not that random
5114 (F) When trying to initialise the random seed for hashes, Perl could
5115 not get any randomness out of your system. This usually indicates
5116 Something Very Wrong.
5122 L<warnings>, L<perllexwarn>.