3 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 (W) A warning (optional).
11 (D) A deprecation (optional).
12 (S) A severe warning (mandatory).
13 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
14 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
15 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
16 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
18 Optional warnings are enabled by using the B<-w> switch. Warnings may
19 be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}> to a reference to a routine that
20 will be called on each warning instead of printing it. See L<perlvar>.
21 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See
24 Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are denoted with a %s,
25 just as in a printf format. Note that some messages start with a %s!
26 The symbols C<"%(-?@> sort before the letters, while C<[> and C<\> sort after.
30 =item "my" variable %s can't be in a package
32 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make sense
33 to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use local()
34 if you want to localize a package variable.
36 =item "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope
38 (W) A lexical variable has been redeclared in the same scope, effectively
39 eliminating all access to the previous instance. This is almost always
40 a typographical error. Note that the earlier variable will still exist
41 until the end of the scope or until all closure referents to it are
44 =item "no" not allowed in expression
46 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and returns
47 no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
49 =item "use" not allowed in expression
51 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and returns
52 no useful value. See L<perlmod>.
54 =item % may only be used in unpack
56 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
57 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
58 way. See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
60 =item %s (...) interpreted as function
62 (W) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator followed
63 by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list operators arguments
64 found inside the parentheses. See L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>.
66 =item %s argument is not a HASH element
68 (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash element, such as
73 =item %s argument is not a HASH element or slice
75 (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash element, such as
80 or a hash slice, such as
82 @foo{$bar, $baz, $xyzzy}
83 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
85 =item %s did not return a true value
87 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that
88 it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's
89 traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would
90 do. See L<perlfunc/require>.
92 =item %s found where operator expected
94 (S) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator. If it
95 sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an operator,
96 it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an operator or
97 delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.
99 =item %s had compilation errors
101 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails.
103 =item %s has too many errors
105 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.
106 Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
108 =item %s matches null string many times
110 (W) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the
111 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. See L<perlre>.
113 =item %s never introduced
115 (S) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of scope
116 before it could possibly have been used.
120 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds.
122 =item %s: Command not found
124 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
125 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
128 =item %s: Expression syntax
130 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
131 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
134 =item %s: Undefined variable
136 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
137 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
142 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
143 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
146 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
148 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
149 found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on
150 the previous line just because you saw this message.
152 =item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script
154 (F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,
155 which provides a race condition that breaks security.
157 =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles
159 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't
160 know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.
162 =item C<-p> destination: %s
164 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p>
165 command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've
166 redirected it with select().)
168 =item 500 Server error
172 =item ?+* follows nothing in regexp
174 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it
175 if you meant it literally. See L<perlre>.
177 =item @ outside of string
179 (F) You had a pack template that specified an absolute position outside
180 the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
182 =item accept() on closed fd
184 (W) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
185 the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/accept>.
187 =item Allocation too large: %lx
189 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
191 =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
193 (W) The pattern match (//), substitution (s///), and transliteration (tr///)
194 operators work on scalar values. If you apply one of them to an array
195 or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to a scalar value -- the
196 length of an array, or the population info of a hash -- and then work on
197 that scalar value. This is probably not what you meant to do. See
198 L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for alternatives.
200 =item Arg too short for msgsnd
202 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
204 =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
206 (W)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way
207 you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying
208 a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.
210 =item Args must match #! line
212 (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked
213 with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems
214 impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches;
215 for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>.
217 =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
219 (W) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator that
220 expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message
221 will identify which operator was so unfortunate.
223 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
225 (D) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some spots. This
226 is now heavily deprecated.
228 =item assertion botched: %s
230 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
232 =item Assertion failed: file "%s"
234 (P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.
236 =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar
238 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments
239 must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't
240 know which context to supply to the right side.
242 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
244 (P) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas that will
245 be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be outside any
248 =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
250 (P) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of strings to
251 optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other strings. This
252 indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count of a string
253 that can no longer be found in the table.
255 =item Attempt to free temp prematurely
257 (W) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the free_tmps()
258 routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the SV before
259 the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the free_tmps()
260 routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does try to free
263 =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
265 (P) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
267 =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
269 (W) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to see if it
270 would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0 earlier,
271 and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed. This
272 could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or that
273 SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was mortalized
274 when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been corrupted.
276 =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
278 (W) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
279 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This
280 means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become
281 invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use
282 literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to
285 =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
287 (W) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr() used
288 as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to
289 dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>.
291 =item Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %d
293 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl() or
294 shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively,
295 S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and
296 S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>.
298 =item Bad filehandle: %s
300 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the symbol
301 has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an open(), or
302 did it in another package.
304 =item Bad free() ignored
306 (S) An internal routine called free() on something that had never been
307 malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by
308 setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1.
310 This message can be quite often seen with DB_File on systems with
311 "hard" dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of
312 C<Berkeley DB> which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving>
317 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
319 =item Bad index while coercing array into hash
321 (F) A field name of a typed variable was looked up in the %FIELDS
322 hash, but the index found was not legal, i.e. less than 1.
324 =item Bad index while coercing array into hash
326 (F) The index looked up in the hash found as 0'th element of the array
327 is not legal. Index values must be at 1 or greater.
329 =item Bad name after %s::
331 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then didn't
332 finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside of quotes,
341 $sym = "mypack::$var";
343 =item Bad symbol for array
345 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that
346 wasn't a symbol table entry.
348 =item Bad symbol for filehandle
350 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something that
351 wasn't a symbol table entry.
353 =item Bad symbol for hash
355 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
356 wasn't a symbol table entry.
358 =item Badly placed ()'s
360 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
361 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
364 =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
366 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
367 subroutine identifier, in curly braces or to the left of the "=>" symbol.
368 Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
370 =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
372 (W) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but
373 the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point.
374 Perhaps you need to predeclare a package?
376 =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
378 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN subroutine.
379 Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is exited.
381 =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
383 (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which
384 implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had
385 already occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}>
386 could not be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code
387 likely depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.
389 =item bind() on closed fd
391 (W) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
392 the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>.
394 =item Bizarre copy of %s in %s
396 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not copiable.
398 =item Callback called exit
400 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via perl_call_sv()
401 exited by calling exit.
403 =item Can't "goto" outside a block
405 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look
406 like a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually
407 occurs if you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which
408 is a no-no. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
410 =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
412 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
413 foreach loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
415 =item Can't "last" outside a block
417 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block,
418 except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a
419 current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a
420 "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(). You can usually double
421 the curlies to get the same effect though, because the inner curlies
422 will be considered a block that loops once. See L<perlfunc/last>.
424 =item Can't "next" outside a block
426 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but
427 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
428 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(). You can
429 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the inner
430 curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See L<perlfunc/next>.
432 =item Can't "redo" outside a block
434 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but
435 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
436 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(). You can
437 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the inner
438 curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>.
440 =item Can't bless non-reference value
442 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces"
443 encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>.
445 =item Can't break at that line
447 (S) A warning intended to only be printed while running within the debugger, indicating
448 the line number specified wasn't the location of a statement that could
451 =item Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
453 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
454 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined
455 in it, let alone methods. See L<perlobj>.
457 =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
459 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It
460 ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but
461 you didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't
462 an object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>.
464 =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
466 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the
467 object reference or package name contains an expression that returns
468 neither an object reference nor a package name. (Perhaps it's null?)
469 Something like this will reproduce the error:
472 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
473 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
475 =item Can't chdir to %s
477 (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory
478 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
480 =item Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
482 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
483 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't
493 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
495 =item Can't coerce %s to number in %s
497 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
498 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
500 =item Can't coerce %s to string in %s
502 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
503 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
505 =item Can't coerce array into hash
507 (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no
508 information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that
509 only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.
511 =item Can't create pipe mailbox
513 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted quotas
514 or other plumbing problems.
516 =item Can't declare %s in my
518 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as lexical variables.
519 They must have ordinary identifiers as names.
521 =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
523 (S) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated reason.
525 =item Can't do inplace edit without backup
527 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try reading
528 from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say C<-i.bak>, or some
531 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s E<gt> 14 characters
533 (S) There isn't enough room in the filename to make a backup name for the file.
535 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
537 (S) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as a file in
538 /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.
540 =item Can't do setegid!
542 (P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator
545 =item Can't do seteuid!
547 (P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some reason.
549 =item Can't do setuid
551 (F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to exec suidperl to
552 do setuid emulation, but couldn't exec it. It looks for a name of the
553 form sperl5.000 in the same directory that the perl executable resides
554 under the name perl5.000, typically /usr/local/bin on Unix machines.
555 If the file is there, check the execute permissions. If it isn't, ask
556 your sysadmin why he and/or she removed it.
558 =item Can't do waitpid with flags
560 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only waitpid()
561 without flags is emulated.
563 =item Can't do {n,m} with n E<gt> m
565 (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want
566 your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. See L<perlre>.
568 =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line
570 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this point.
571 For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #! line.
573 =item Can't exec "%s": %s
575 (W) An system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the named
576 program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the permissions
577 were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in C<$ENV{PATH}>, the
578 executable in question was compiled for another architecture, or the
579 #! line in a script points to an interpreter that can't be run for
580 similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support #! at all.)
584 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because that's
585 what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may need to
586 mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
588 =item Can't execute %s
590 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute found
591 in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
593 =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
595 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be found
596 in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The script
597 exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.
599 =item Can't find %s on PATH
601 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be found
604 =item Can't find label %s
606 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's possible
607 for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
609 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
611 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means that
612 the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count nesting
613 levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis:
615 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
617 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
618 included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good
619 programmer's editor will have a way to help you find these characters.
623 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a pipeline.
625 =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
627 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference between
628 access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes. Under VMS,
629 access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in the stat buffer, so
630 that ACLs and other protections can be taken into account. Unfortunately, Perl
631 assumes that the stat buffer contains all the necessary information, and passes
632 it, instead of the filespec, to the access checking routine. It will try to
633 retrieve the filespec using the device name and FID present in the stat buffer,
634 but this works only if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat()
635 routine, because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning
636 appears, the name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up and
637 returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access checking routine
638 knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you shouldn't ever
639 see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises only if some internal
640 code takes stat buffers lightly.)
642 =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name
644 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a pipe, Perl
645 can't retrieve its name for later use.
647 =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
649 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your
650 mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
652 =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
654 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one subroutine
655 call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole cloth. In general
656 you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD routine anyway. See
659 =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string
661 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval "string".
662 (You can use it to jump out of an eval {BLOCK}, but you probably don't want to.)
664 =item Can't localize through a reference
666 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently
667 handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref
668 pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be
669 sure that $ref will still be a reference.
671 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s
673 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a
674 lexical variable using "my". This is not allowed. If you want to
675 localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the
678 =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
680 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows autoload,
681 but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes are a misprint
682 in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit> the file, say, by
683 doing C<make install>.
685 =item Can't locate %s in @INC
687 (F) You said to do (or require, or use) a file that couldn't be found
688 in any of the libraries mentioned in @INC. Perhaps you need to set the
689 PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where the extra library
690 is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name to @INC. Or maybe
691 you just misspelled the name of the file. See L<perlfunc/require>.
693 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
695 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package
696 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular
697 method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>.
699 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
701 (W) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that doesn't seem
704 =item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
706 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably VMS.
708 =item Can't modify %s in %s
710 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try to
711 change it, such as with an auto-increment.
713 =item Can't modify nonexistent substring
715 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed
718 =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var
720 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive
723 =item Can't open %s: %s
725 (S) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<E<lt>E<gt>>
726 filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line
727 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this
728 is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named
731 =item Can't open bidirectional pipe
733 (W) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported. You can
734 try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such as
735 IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using "E<gt>",
736 and then read it in under a different file handle.
738 =item Can't open error file %s as stderr
740 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
741 couldn't open the file specified after '2E<gt>' or '2E<gt>E<gt>' on the
742 command line for writing.
744 =item Can't open input file %s as stdin
746 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
747 couldn't open the file specified after 'E<lt>' on the command line for reading.
749 =item Can't open output file %s as stdout
751 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
752 couldn't open the file specified after 'E<gt>' or 'E<gt>E<gt>' on the command
755 =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
757 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
758 couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined for stdout.
760 =item Can't open perl script "%s": %s
762 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.
764 =item Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s
766 (F) Perl optimizes the internal handling of sort subroutines and keeps
767 pointers into them. You tried to redefine one such sort subroutine when it
768 was currently active, which is not allowed. If you really want to do
769 this, you should write C<sort { &func } @x> instead of C<sort func @x>.
771 =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
773 (S) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason, probably because
774 you don't have write permission to the directory.
776 =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
778 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried to
779 reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
781 =item Can't reswap uid and euid
783 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator
786 =item Can't return outside a subroutine
788 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where
789 there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>.
791 =item Can't stat script "%s"
793 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have
794 it open already. Bizarre.
796 =item Can't swap uid and euid
798 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator
801 =item Can't take log of %g
803 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
804 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
805 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for
806 the negative numbers.
808 =item Can't take sqrt of %g
810 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
811 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard
812 with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
814 =item Can't undef active subroutine
816 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can,
817 however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the
818 redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure.
822 (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted, such
823 as the main Perl stack.
825 =item Can't upgrade that kind of scalar
827 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making
828 it into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are
829 so specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This
830 message indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
832 =item Can't upgrade to undef
834 (P) The undefined SV is the bottom of the totem pole, in the scheme
835 of upgradability. Upgrading to undef indicates an error in the
836 code calling sv_upgrade.
838 =item Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available
840 (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the
841 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to
842 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values.
844 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
846 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.
847 You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the E<lt>=E<gt> or cmp operator,
848 and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.
849 Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the
852 =item Can't use %s for loop variable
854 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a foreach.
856 =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref
858 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a
859 reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
860 test the type of the reference, if need be.
862 =item Can't use \1 to mean $1 in expression
864 (W) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that creates
865 a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a backreference
866 to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular expression pattern.
867 Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a value that prints
868 out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form instead.
870 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while \"strict refs\" in use
872 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic references
873 are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
875 =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
877 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic references
878 are disallowed. See L<perlref>.
880 =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
882 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must
883 be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.
885 =item Can't use global %s in "my"
887 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This is
888 not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location (namely
889 the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to have
890 variables in your program that looked like magical variables but
893 =item Can't use subscript on %s
895 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
896 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
897 didn't look like an array reference, or anything else subscriptable.
899 =item Can't x= to read-only value
901 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value) with
902 an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.
903 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.
905 =item Cannot find an opnumber for "%s"
907 (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but
908 there is no builtin with the name C<word>.
910 =item Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
912 (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
913 opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
914 package. If method name is C<???>, this is an internal error.
916 =item Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions
918 (W) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
919 with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions.
920 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
921 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
922 backslash: "\[." and ".\]".
924 =item Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions
926 (W) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning
927 with "[:" and ending with ":]" is reserved for future extensions.
928 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
929 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
930 backslash: "\[:" and ":\]".
932 =item Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions
934 (W) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
935 beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions.
936 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular
937 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the
938 backslash: "\[=" and "=\]".
940 =item chmod: mode argument is missing initial 0
942 (W) A novice will sometimes say
946 not realizing that 777 will be interpreted as a decimal number, equivalent
947 to 01411. Octal constants are introduced with a leading 0 in Perl, as in C.
949 =item Close on unopened file E<lt>%sE<gt>
951 (W) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
953 =item Compilation failed in require
955 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement.
956 Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it encountered
957 were severe enough to halt compilation immediately.
959 =item connect() on closed fd
961 (W) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
962 the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/connect>.
964 =item Constant subroutine %s redefined
966 (S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible for
967 inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
970 =item Constant subroutine %s undefined
972 (S) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible for
973 inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and
976 =item Copy method did not return a reference
978 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See L<overload/Copy Constructor>.
980 =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
982 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.
984 =item corrupted regexp pointers
986 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
987 expression compiler gave it.
989 =item corrupted regexp program
991 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without
992 a valid magic number.
994 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
996 (W) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly) 100
997 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an infinite
998 recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in which
999 case it indicates something else.
1001 =item Delimiter for here document is too long
1003 (F) In a here document construct like C<E<lt>E<lt>FOO>, the label
1004 C<FOO> is too long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously
1005 twisted to write code that triggers this error.
1007 =item Did you mean &%s instead?
1009 (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some such.
1011 =item Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?
1013 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or @hash{@keys}.
1014 On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got carried away.
1018 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or
1019 you called it with no args and both C<$@> and C<$_> were empty.
1021 =item Do you need to predeclare %s?
1023 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
1024 found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module
1025 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be
1026 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing
1027 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're
1028 referencing something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have
1029 to define the subroutine or package before the current location. You
1030 can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward"
1033 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
1035 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1037 =item do_study: out of memory
1039 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1041 =item Duplicate free() ignored
1043 (S) An internal routine called free() on something that had already
1046 =item elseif should be elsif
1048 (S) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's
1049 ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method
1050 named "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is
1051 unlikely to be what you want.
1053 =item END failed--cleanup aborted
1055 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing an END subroutine.
1056 The interpreter is immediately exited.
1058 =item Error converting file specification %s
1060 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file
1061 specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a
1062 single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've
1063 passed an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a
1064 case the conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1066 =item %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1068 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular expression
1069 that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which is unsafe.
1070 See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>.
1072 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
1074 (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion,
1075 but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'> pragma is
1076 in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1078 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time
1080 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the C<(?{ ... })>
1081 zero-width assertion at run time, at it would when the pattern contains
1082 interpolated values. Since this is a risk to security, it is not allowed.
1083 If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly building the pattern
1084 from an interpolated string at run time and using that in an eval().
1085 See L<perlre/(?{ code })>.
1087 =item Excessively long <> operator
1089 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a
1090 Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
1091 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a
1092 variable and glob that.
1094 =item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors
1096 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
1098 =item Exiting eval via %s
1100 (W) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as
1101 a goto, or a loop control statement.
1103 =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s
1105 (W) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a sort block or
1106 subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a loop control
1107 statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
1109 =item Exiting subroutine via %s
1111 (W) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such as
1112 a goto, or a loop control statement.
1114 =item Exiting substitution via %s
1116 (W) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such as
1117 a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
1119 =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
1121 (W) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has
1122 the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is
1123 usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target
1124 package, e.g. bless($ref, $p or 'MyPackage');
1126 =item Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
1128 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS system
1129 service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more details. The
1130 filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell you which section of
1131 the Perl source code is distressed.
1133 =item fcntl is not implemented
1135 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a
1136 PDP-11 or something?
1138 =item Filehandle %s never opened
1140 (W) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was never initialized.
1141 You need to do an open() or a socket() call, or call a constructor from
1142 the FileHandle package.
1144 =item Filehandle %s opened for only input
1146 (W) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
1147 intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with
1148 "+E<lt>" or "+E<gt>" or "+E<gt>E<gt>" instead of with "E<lt>" or nothing. If
1149 you intended only to write the file, use "E<gt>" or "E<gt>E<gt>". See
1152 =item Filehandle opened for only input
1154 (W) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
1155 intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with
1156 "+E<lt>" or "+E<gt>" or "+E<gt>E<gt>" instead of with "E<lt>" or nothing. If
1157 you intended only to write the file, use "E<gt>" or "E<gt>E<gt>". See
1160 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name
1162 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be
1163 a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name
1164 that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or
1167 =item Final @ should be \@ or @name
1169 (F) You must now decide whether the final @ in a string was meant to be
1170 a literal "at" sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name
1171 that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or
1174 =item Format %s redefined
1176 (W) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
1180 eval "format NAME =...";
1183 =item Format not terminated
1185 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got
1186 to the end of your file without finding such a line.
1188 =item Found = in conditional, should be ==
1198 (or something like that).
1200 =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
1202 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
1204 =item gethostent not implemented
1206 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably
1207 because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname
1210 =item get{sock,peer}name() on closed fd
1212 (W) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed socket.
1213 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
1215 =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
1217 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the
1218 C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC.
1221 =item Glob not terminated
1223 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
1224 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and not
1225 finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out earlier in
1226 the line, and you really meant a "less than".
1228 =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
1230 (F) You've said "use strict vars", which indicates that all variables
1231 must either be lexically scoped (using "my"), or explicitly qualified to
1232 say which package the global variable is in (using "::").
1234 =item goto must have label
1236 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
1237 unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>.
1239 =item Had to create %s unexpectedly
1241 (S) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought to have
1242 existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be created on
1243 an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
1245 =item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
1247 (D) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some spots. This
1248 is now heavily deprecated.
1250 =item Identifier too long
1252 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to
1253 about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound
1254 names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future
1255 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.
1257 =item Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter
1259 (W) A warning peculiar to VMS. A logical name was encountered when preparing
1260 to iterate over %ENV which violates the syntactic rules governing logical
1261 names. Because it cannot be translated normally, it is skipped, and will not
1262 appear in %ENV. This may be a benign occurrence, as some software packages
1263 might directly modify logical name tables and introduce nonstandard names,
1264 or it may indicate that a logical name table has been corrupted.
1266 =item Illegal character %s (carriage return)
1268 (F) A carriage return character was found in the input. This is an
1269 error, and not a warning, because carriage return characters can break
1270 multi-line strings, including here documents (e.g., C<print E<lt>E<lt>EOF;>).
1272 Under Unix, this error is usually caused by executing Perl code --
1273 either the main program, a module, or an eval'd string -- that was
1274 transferred over a network connection from a non-Unix system without
1275 properly converting the text file format.
1277 Under systems that use something other than '\n' to delimit lines of
1278 text, this error can also be caused by reading Perl code from a file
1279 handle that is in binary mode (as set by the C<binmode> operator).
1281 In either case, the Perl code in question will probably need to be
1282 converted with something like C<s/\x0D\x0A?/\n/g> before it can be
1285 =item Illegal division by zero
1287 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in your
1288 logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against meaningless input.
1290 =item Illegal modulus zero
1292 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most numbers
1293 don't take to this kindly.
1295 =item Illegal octal digit
1297 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in a octal number.
1299 =item Illegal octal digit ignored
1301 (W) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in a octal number. Interpretation
1302 of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
1304 =item Illegal hex digit ignored
1306 (W) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or A - F in a
1307 hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal number stopped
1308 before the illegal character.
1310 =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s
1312 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
1313 following switches: B<-[DIMUdmw]>.
1315 =item In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s
1317 (F) It used to be that Perl would try to guess whether you wanted an
1318 array interpolated or a literal @. It did this when the string was first
1319 used at runtime. Now strings are parsed at compile time, and ambiguous
1320 instances of @ must be disambiguated, either by prepending a backslash to
1321 indicate a literal, or by declaring (or using) the array within the
1322 program before the string (lexically). (Someday it will simply assume
1323 that an unbackslashed @ interpolates an array.)
1325 =item Insecure dependency in %s
1327 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like.
1328 The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or setgid,
1329 or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The tainting mechanism
1330 labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly from the user,
1331 who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any such data is
1332 used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See L<perlsec>
1333 for more information.
1335 =item Insecure directory in %s
1337 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or setgid
1338 script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by the world.
1341 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
1343 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
1344 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>,
1345 C<$ENV{ENV}> or C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> are derived from data supplied (or
1346 potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set the path to a
1347 known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>.
1349 =item Integer overflow in hex number
1351 (S) The literal hex number you have specified is too big for your
1352 architecture. On a 32-bit architecture the largest hex literal is
1355 =item Integer overflow in octal number
1357 (S) The literal octal number you have specified is too big for your
1358 architecture. On a 32-bit architecture the largest octal literal is
1361 =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
1363 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number
1364 of times you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine
1365 whether the current call to C<exec> should affect the current
1366 script or a subprocess (see L<perlvms/exec>). Somehow, this count
1367 has become scrambled, so Perl is making a guess and treating
1368 this C<exec> as a request to terminate the Perl script
1369 and execute the specified command.
1371 =item internal disaster in regexp
1373 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
1375 =item internal error: glob failed
1377 (P) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for C<glob>
1378 and C<E<lt>*.cE<gt>>. This may mean that your csh (C shell) is
1379 broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables in
1380 config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it
1381 were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them all
1382 empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will
1383 think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run
1384 C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl.
1386 =item internal urp in regexp at /%s/
1388 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser.
1390 =item invalid [] range in regexp
1392 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character
1393 greater than the maximum character. See L<perlre>.
1395 =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
1397 (W) Perl does not understand the given format conversion.
1398 See L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
1400 =item Invalid type in pack: '%s'
1402 (F) The given character is not a valid pack type. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
1403 (W) The given character is not a valid pack type but used to be silently
1406 =item Invalid type in unpack: '%s'
1408 (F) The given character is not a valid unpack type. See L<perlfunc/unpack>.
1409 (W) The given character is not a valid unpack type but used to be silently
1412 =item ioctl is not implemented
1414 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty
1415 strange for a machine that supports C.
1417 =item junk on end of regexp
1419 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
1421 =item Label not found for "last %s"
1423 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a
1424 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called from.
1425 See L<perlfunc/last>.
1427 =item Label not found for "next %s"
1429 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of
1430 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1433 =item Label not found for "redo %s"
1435 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of
1436 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See
1439 =item listen() on closed fd
1441 (W) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget to check
1442 the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/listen>.
1444 =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
1446 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
1447 doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
1449 =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
1451 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused
1452 by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually
1453 ended earlier on the current line.
1455 =item Misplaced _ in number
1457 (W) An underline in a decimal constant wasn't on a 3-digit boundary.
1459 =item Missing $ on loop variable
1461 (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables are always
1462 mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it can vary from
1463 one line to the next.
1465 =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function
1467 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
1468 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
1470 =item Missing operator before %s?
1472 (S) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message "%s
1473 found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma.
1475 =item Missing right bracket
1477 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly brackets (braces) than closing ones.
1478 As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you were last
1481 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted
1483 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
1484 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
1485 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
1487 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
1490 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string.
1492 =item Modification of noncreatable array value attempted, subscript %d
1494 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
1495 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array
1498 =item Modification of noncreatable hash value attempted, subscript "%s"
1500 (F) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it couldn't
1501 be created for some peculiar reason.
1503 =item Module name must be constant
1505 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use".
1507 =item msg%s not implemented
1509 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
1511 =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
1513 (W) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>. They're written
1514 like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C.
1516 =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
1518 (W) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.
1519 If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention
1520 it again somehow to suppress the message. The C<use vars> pragma is
1521 provided for just this purpose.
1523 =item Negative length
1525 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer length
1526 that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
1528 =item nested *?+ in regexp
1530 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. So
1531 things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal.
1533 Note, however, that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and C<??> appear
1534 to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>.
1538 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
1539 even on machines that don't support the #! construct.
1541 =item No %s allowed while running setuid
1543 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or setgid
1544 script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there will be
1545 another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least securable.
1548 =item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts
1550 (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
1552 =item No comma allowed after %s
1554 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not
1555 allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments.
1556 Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
1558 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
1559 constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such
1560 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating system
1561 does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an
1562 explicit import list for the constants you expect to see, please see
1563 L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an explicit import list
1564 would probably have caught this error earlier it naturally does not
1565 remedy the fact that your operating system still does not support that
1566 constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the symbol import
1567 list of B<use> or B<import> or in the constant name at the line where
1568 this error was triggered?
1570 =item No command into which to pipe on command line
1572 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1573 and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it doesn't know where you
1574 want to pipe the output from this command.
1576 =item No DB::DB routine defined
1578 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch,
1579 but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof)
1580 didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each
1581 statement. Which is odd, because the file should have been required
1582 automatically, and should have blown up the require if it didn't parse
1585 =item No dbm on this machine
1587 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should
1588 supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>.
1590 =item No DBsub routine
1592 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch,
1593 but for some reason the perl5db.pl file (or some facsimile thereof)
1594 didn't define a DB::sub routine to be called at the beginning of each
1595 ordinary subroutine call.
1597 =item No error file after 2E<gt> or 2E<gt>E<gt> on command line
1599 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1600 and found a '2E<gt>' or a '2E<gt>E<gt>' on the command line, but can't find
1601 the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.
1603 =item No input file after E<lt> on command line
1605 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1606 and found a 'E<lt>' on the command line, but can't find the name of the file
1607 from which to read data for stdin.
1609 =item No output file after E<gt> on command line
1611 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1612 and found a lone 'E<gt>' at the end of the command line, so it doesn't know
1613 where you wanted to redirect stdout.
1615 =item No output file after E<gt> or E<gt>E<gt> on command line
1617 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line redirection,
1618 and found a 'E<gt>' or a 'E<gt>E<gt>' on the command line, but can't find the
1619 name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.
1621 =item No Perl script found in input
1623 (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning
1624 with #! and containing the word "perl".
1626 =item No setregid available
1628 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for
1631 =item No setreuid available
1633 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for
1636 =item No space allowed after B<-I>
1638 (F) The argument to B<-I> must follow the B<-I> immediately with no
1641 =item No such array field
1643 (F) You tried to access an array as a hash, but the field name used is
1644 not defined. The hash at index 0 should map all valid field names to
1645 array indices for that to work.
1647 =item No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
1649 (F) You tried to access a field of a typed variable where the type
1650 does not know about the field name. The field names are looked up in
1651 the %FIELDS hash in the type package at compile time. The %FIELDS hash
1652 is usually set up with the 'fields' pragma.
1654 =item No such pipe open
1656 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to
1657 close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught earlier as
1658 an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
1660 =item No such signal: SIG%s
1662 (W) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was not recognized.
1663 Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names on your system.
1665 =item Not a CODE reference
1667 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
1668 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
1669 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was.
1670 See also L<perlref>.
1672 =item Not a format reference
1674 (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous
1675 format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist.
1677 =item Not a GLOB reference
1679 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is,
1680 a symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to
1681 something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out
1682 what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
1684 =item Not a HASH reference
1686 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but
1687 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
1688 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
1690 =item Not a perl script
1692 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line
1693 even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The line must
1696 =item Not a SCALAR reference
1698 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but
1699 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
1700 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
1702 =item Not a subroutine reference
1704 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a
1705 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can
1706 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was.
1707 See also L<perlref>.
1709 =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table
1711 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that
1712 doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>.
1714 =item Not an ARRAY reference
1716 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
1717 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
1718 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>.
1720 =item Not enough arguments for %s
1722 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
1724 =item Not enough format arguments
1726 (W) A format specified more picture fields than the next line supplied.
1729 =item Null filename used
1731 (F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many machines
1732 that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>.
1734 =item Null picture in formline
1736 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
1737 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
1738 supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>.
1740 =item NULL OP IN RUN
1742 (P) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode pointer.
1746 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
1748 =item NULL regexp argument
1750 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
1752 =item NULL regexp parameter
1754 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
1756 =item Number too long
1758 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to about
1759 about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future versions of
1760 Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In the meantime,
1761 try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of "1_000_000").
1763 =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment
1765 (S) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash, which
1766 is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
1768 =item Offset outside string
1770 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with an offset
1771 pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to imagine.
1772 The sole exception to this is that C<sysread()>ing past the buffer
1773 will extend the buffer and zero pad the new area.
1777 (S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
1781 (S) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
1783 =item Operation `%s': no method found, %s
1785 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which
1786 no handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in
1787 terms of other handlers, there is no default handler for any
1788 operation, unless C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be
1789 true. See L<overload>.
1791 =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s
1793 (S) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser was
1794 expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant
1795 to use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect.
1796 For example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as
1797 if you said "*foo * 'foo'".
1799 =item Out of memory for yacc stack
1801 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue parsing,
1802 but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or otherwise.
1804 =item Out of memory during request for %s
1806 (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
1807 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request.
1809 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
1810 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable.
1811 However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as
1812 an emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the
1813 error is trappable I<once>.
1815 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s
1817 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient
1818 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,
1819 the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so
1820 a possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.
1822 =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request
1824 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error
1825 is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g., C<$arr[time]>
1826 instead of C<$arr[$time]>.
1830 (W) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a page.
1833 =item panic: ck_grep
1835 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
1837 =item panic: ck_split
1839 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.
1841 =item panic: corrupt saved stack index
1843 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than there
1844 are in the savestack.
1848 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered
1849 it wasn't an eval context.
1851 =item panic: do_match
1853 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational data.
1855 =item panic: do_split
1857 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
1859 =item panic: do_subst
1861 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational data.
1863 =item panic: do_trans
1865 (P) The internal do_trans() routine was called with invalid operational data.
1869 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible.
1873 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label,
1874 and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in.
1876 =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD
1878 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
1880 =item panic: INTERPCONCAT
1882 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
1886 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered
1887 it wasn't a block context.
1889 =item panic: leave_scope clearsv
1891 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the scope.
1893 =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency
1895 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
1896 invalid enum on the top of it.
1900 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
1902 =item panic: mapstart
1904 (P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the map() function.
1906 =item panic: null array
1908 (P) One of the internal array routines was passed a null AV pointer.
1910 =item panic: pad_alloc
1912 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
1913 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
1915 =item panic: pad_free curpad
1917 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
1918 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
1920 =item panic: pad_free po
1922 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
1924 =item panic: pad_reset curpad
1926 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
1927 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
1929 =item panic: pad_sv po
1931 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
1933 =item panic: pad_swipe curpad
1935 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating
1936 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
1938 =item panic: pad_swipe po
1940 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
1942 =item panic: pp_iter
1944 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
1946 =item panic: realloc
1948 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
1950 =item panic: restartop
1952 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and
1953 didn't supply the destination.
1957 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and
1958 then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
1960 =item panic: scan_num
1962 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
1964 =item panic: sv_insert
1966 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there
1969 =item panic: top_env
1971 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.
1975 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.
1977 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list
1979 (W) You said something like
1985 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
1987 Remember that "my" and "local" bind closer than comma.
1989 =item Perl %3.3f required--this is only version %s, stopped
1991 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more recent
1992 than the currently running version. How long has it been since you upgraded,
1993 anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>.
1995 =item Permission denied
1997 (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.
1999 =item pid %d not a child
2001 (W) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a process which
2002 isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is fine from VMS'
2003 perspective, it's probably not what you intended.
2005 =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
2007 (F) Your C compiler uses POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike
2008 the BSD version, which takes a pid.
2010 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
2012 (W) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal
2013 strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated
2014 as literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the
2015 parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)
2017 You probably wrote something like this:
2024 when you should have written this:
2031 If you really want comments, build your list the
2032 old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas:
2036 'b', # another comment
2039 =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas
2041 (W) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore commas
2042 aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used different
2043 delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently
2046 You probably wrote something like this:
2050 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without
2051 commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
2055 =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
2057 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for.
2058 Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the
2059 end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and
2060 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>.
2062 =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
2064 (S) The old irregular construct
2068 is now misinterpreted as
2072 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary
2073 and list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must
2074 put parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
2077 =item print on closed filehandle %s
2079 (W) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime before now.
2080 Check your logic flow.
2082 =item printf on closed filehandle %s
2084 (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before now.
2085 Check your logic flow.
2087 =item Probable precedence problem on %s
2089 (W) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a conditional,
2090 which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part of the
2091 last argument of the previous construct, for example:
2095 =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
2097 (S) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been declared
2098 or defined with a different function prototype.
2100 =item Range iterator outside integer range
2102 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".."
2103 are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally.
2104 One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string
2105 increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.
2107 =item Read on closed filehandle E<lt>%sE<gt>
2109 (W) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime before now.
2110 Check your logic flow.
2112 =item Reallocation too large: %lx
2114 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
2116 =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch
2118 (F) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce the
2119 desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,
2120 which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
2122 =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
2124 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were used. Probably indicates
2125 an unintended loop in your inheritance hierarchy.
2127 =item Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'
2129 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while invoking a
2130 method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance hierarchy.
2132 =item Reference found where even-sized list expected
2134 (W) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list with
2135 an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This
2136 usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant
2137 to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>.
2139 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
2140 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
2141 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
2142 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
2144 =item Reference miscount in sv_replace()
2146 (W) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
2147 reference count of other than 1.
2149 =item regexp *+ operand could be empty
2151 (F) The part of the regexp subject to either the * or + quantifier
2152 could match an empty string.
2154 =item regexp memory corruption
2156 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
2157 expression compiler gave it.
2159 =item regexp out of space
2161 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it earlier.
2163 =item regexp too big
2165 (F) The current implementation of regular expressions uses shorts as
2166 address offsets within a string. Unfortunately this means that if
2167 the regular expression compiles to longer than 32767, it'll blow up.
2168 Usually when you want a regular expression this big, there is a better
2169 way to do it with multiple statements. See L<perlre>.
2171 =item Reversed %s= operator
2173 (W) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must always
2174 comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.
2176 =item Runaway format
2178 (F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence, but it
2179 produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly like the
2180 199th line. Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to exhaust
2181 themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by
2182 shifting or popping (for array variables). See L<perlform>.
2184 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
2186 (W) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a single element of
2187 an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
2188 The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always behaves like a scalar, both when
2189 assigning to it and when evaluating its argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves
2190 like a list when you assign to it, and provides a list context to its
2191 subscript, which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
2193 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
2194 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
2195 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
2198 =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
2200 (W) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single element of
2201 a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
2202 The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves like a scalar, both when
2203 assigning to it and when evaluating its argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves
2204 like a list when you assign to it, and provides a list context to its
2205 subscript, which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
2207 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash
2208 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because
2209 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See
2212 =item Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
2214 (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a setuid
2215 or setgid bit set. This doesn't make much sense.
2217 =item Search pattern not terminated
2219 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
2220 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
2221 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error.
2223 =item %sseek() on unopened file
2225 (W) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a filehandle that
2226 was either never opened or has since been closed.
2228 =item select not implemented
2230 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
2232 =item sem%s not implemented
2234 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
2236 =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
2238 (S) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a scalar
2239 that had previously been marked as free.
2241 =item Semicolon seems to be missing
2243 (W) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing semicolon,
2244 or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.
2246 =item Send on closed socket
2248 (W) The filehandle you're sending to got itself closed sometime before now.
2249 Check your logic flow.
2251 =item Sequence (? incomplete
2253 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?.
2256 =item Sequence (?#... not terminated
2258 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
2259 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See L<perlre>.
2261 =item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented
2263 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved
2264 but has not yet been written. See L<perlre>.
2266 =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized
2268 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense.
2273 Also known as "500 Server error".
2275 B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>.
2277 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by the user
2278 CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the user account you
2279 tested it under), does not rely on any environment variables (like PATH)
2280 from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in a location where the CGI
2281 server can't find it, basically, more or less. Please see the following
2282 for more information:
2284 http://www.perl.com/perl/faq/idiots-guide.html
2285 http://www.perl.com/perl/faq/perl-cgi-faq.html
2286 ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/www/cgi-faq
2287 http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/interface.html
2288 http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/WWW/faqs/www-security-faq.html
2290 =item setegid() not implemented
2292 (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't support
2293 the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
2296 =item seteuid() not implemented
2298 (F) You tried to assign to C<$E<gt>>, and your operating system doesn't support
2299 the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
2302 =item setrgid() not implemented
2304 (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't support
2305 the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
2308 =item setruid() not implemented
2310 (F) You tried to assign to C<$E<lt>>, and your operating system doesn't support
2311 the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure didn't
2314 =item Setuid/gid script is writable by world
2316 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the world,
2317 because the world might have written on it already.
2319 =item shm%s not implemented
2321 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
2323 =item shutdown() on closed fd
2325 (W) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit superfluous.
2327 =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
2329 (W) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist. Perhaps you
2330 put it into the wrong package?
2332 =item sort is now a reserved word
2334 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.
2335 But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle.
2337 =item Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
2339 (F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You probably blew
2340 it by not using C<E<lt>=E<gt>> or C<cmp>, or by not using them correctly.
2341 See L<perlfunc/sort>.
2343 =item Sort subroutine didn't return single value
2345 (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more
2346 or less than one element. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
2350 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't iterate
2351 more times than there are characters of input, which is what happened.)
2352 See L<perlfunc/split>.
2354 =item Stat on unopened file E<lt>%sE<gt>
2356 (W) You tried to use the stat() function (or an equivalent file test)
2357 on a filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
2359 =item Statement unlikely to be reached
2361 (W) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a die().
2362 This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns unless
2363 there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system() instead,
2364 which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in a block
2367 =item Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
2369 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation stubs.
2370 Stubs should never be implicitely created, but explicit calls to C<can>
2373 =item Subroutine %s redefined
2375 (W) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say
2379 eval "sub name { ... }";
2382 =item Subroutine %s hidden by keyword; use ampersand
2384 (W) You are trying to call a subroutine that has the same name as a
2385 keyword. However, because the subroutine is not imported and
2386 you're not using an ampersand, Perl won't call the subroutine.
2388 To force a subroutine call, either put an ampersand before the
2389 subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package. Alternatively,
2390 you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's imported with the
2391 C<use subs> pragma).
2393 If the Perl operator is what you want, then eliminate this warning by
2394 using the CORE:: prefix on the operator (e.g. CORE::log($x)) or by
2395 declaring the subroutine to be an object method (see L<attrs>).
2397 =item Substitution loop
2399 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a
2400 substitution shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of
2401 input, which is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in
2402 L<perlop/"Quote and Quote-like Operators">.
2404 =item Substitution pattern not terminated
2406 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a s/// or s{}{}
2407 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
2408 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
2410 =item Substitution replacement not terminated
2412 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a s/// or s{}{}
2413 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.
2414 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error.
2416 =item substr outside of string
2418 (S),(W) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of a
2419 string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the
2420 length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is
2421 mandatory if substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side
2422 of an assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).
2424 =item suidperl is no longer needed since %s
2426 (F) Your Perl was compiled with B<-D>SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but a
2427 version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.
2431 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
2433 A keyword is misspelled.
2434 A semicolon is missing.
2436 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
2437 An opening or closing brace is missing.
2438 A closing quote is missing.
2440 Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax
2441 error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.)
2442 The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when
2443 it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens
2444 before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input.
2445 Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon
2446 the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call
2447 C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see
2448 if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20 questions>.
2450 =item syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
2452 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
2453 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
2456 =item System V IPC is not implemented on this machine
2458 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem", "shm",
2459 or "msg". See L<perlfunc/semctl>, for example.
2461 =item Syswrite on closed filehandle
2463 (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before now.
2464 Check your logic flow.
2466 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested
2468 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply
2469 nested for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
2471 =item tell() on unopened file
2473 (W) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that was either
2474 never opened or has since been closed.
2476 =item Test on unopened file E<lt>%sE<gt>
2478 (W) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle that isn't
2479 open. Check your logic. See also L<perlfunc/-X>.
2481 =item That use of $[ is unsupported
2483 (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted as
2484 a compiler directive. You may say only one of
2493 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base
2494 out from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>.
2496 =item The %s function is unimplemented
2498 The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according
2499 to the probings of Configure.
2501 =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
2503 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
2504 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they
2505 think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they
2506 will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I
2509 =item The stat preceding C<-l _> wasn't an lstat
2511 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic linkhood
2512 if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went past
2513 the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename instead.
2515 =item times not implemented
2517 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I suspect
2518 you're not running on Unix.
2520 =item Too few args to syscall
2522 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the
2523 system call to call, silly dilly.
2525 =item Too late for "B<-T>" option
2527 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
2528 B<-T> option, but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line.
2529 This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a
2530 script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment.
2533 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
2534 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed
2535 by editing the #! line so that the B<-T> option is a part of Perl's
2536 first argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -T> to C<perl -T -n>.
2538 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the
2539 B<-T> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -T scriptname>.
2541 =item Too late for "-%s" option
2543 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
2544 B<-M> or B<-m> option. This is an error because B<-M> and B<-m> options
2545 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead.
2551 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
2552 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
2555 =item Too many args to syscall
2557 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
2559 =item Too many arguments for %s
2561 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
2563 =item trailing \ in regexp
2565 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash. Backslash
2568 =item Transliteration pattern not terminated
2570 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
2571 or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables
2572 C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error.
2574 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated
2576 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]
2579 =item truncate not implemented
2581 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
2582 Configure knows about.
2584 =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
2586 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
2587 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be
2588 %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
2589 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>.
2591 =item umask: argument is missing initial 0
2593 (W) A umask of 222 is incorrect. It should be 0222, because octal literals
2594 always start with 0 in Perl, as in C.
2596 =item Unable to create sub named "%s"
2598 (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name.
2600 =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
2602 (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many execution
2603 contexts were entered and left.
2605 =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
2607 (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many
2608 values were temporarily localized.
2610 =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
2612 (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many blocks
2613 were entered and left.
2615 =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
2617 (W) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how many mortal
2618 scalars were allocated and freed.
2620 =item Undefined format "%s" called
2622 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
2623 another package? See L<perlform>.
2625 =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
2627 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps
2628 it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>.
2630 =item Undefined subroutine &%s called
2632 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
2633 has since been undefined.
2635 =item Undefined subroutine called
2637 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined,
2638 or if it was, it has since been undefined.
2640 =item Undefined subroutine in sort
2642 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem to
2643 have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>.
2645 =item Undefined top format "%s" called
2647 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in
2648 another package? See L<perlform>.
2650 =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob
2652 (W) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la C<*foo = undef>.
2653 This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean C<undef *foo>.
2655 =item unexec of %s into %s failed!
2657 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF
2658 representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
2660 =item Unknown BYTEORDER
2662 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte order.
2664 =item unmatched () in regexp
2666 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
2667 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding
2668 the matching parenthesis. See L<perlre>.
2670 =item Unmatched right bracket
2672 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly brackets (braces) than opening
2673 ones, so you're probably missing an opening bracket. As a general
2674 rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place you were
2677 =item unmatched [] in regexp
2679 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to
2680 include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it first.
2683 =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
2685 (W) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a reserved word.
2686 It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it somehow, or insert
2687 an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a subroutine.
2689 =item Unrecognized character %s
2691 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character
2692 in your Perl script (or eval). Perhaps you tried to run a compressed
2693 script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.
2695 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s"
2697 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not recognized.
2698 Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names on your system.
2700 =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
2702 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that.
2703 (If you think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's
2704 supplying the bad switch on your behalf.)
2706 =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
2708 (W) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that operation
2709 failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline, PROBABLY
2710 because you forgot to chop() or chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>.
2712 =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called
2714 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
2716 =item Unsupported function fork
2718 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
2720 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors of
2721 Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try changing
2722 the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on.
2724 =item Unsupported function %s
2726 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.
2727 At least, Configure doesn't think so.
2729 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called
2731 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at
2732 least that's what Configure thought.
2734 =item Unterminated E<lt>E<gt> operator
2736 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting
2737 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and not
2738 finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out earlier in
2739 the line, and you really meant a "less than".
2741 =item Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
2743 (D) Perl versions before 5.004 misinterpreted any type marker followed
2744 by "$" and a digit. For example, "$$0" was incorrectly taken to mean
2745 "${$}0" instead of "${$0}". This bug is (mostly) fixed in Perl 5.004.
2747 However, the developers of Perl 5.004 could not fix this bug completely,
2748 because at least two widely-used modules depend on the old meaning of
2749 "$$0" in a string. So Perl 5.004 still interprets "$$<digit>" in the
2750 old (broken) way inside strings; but it generates this message as a
2751 warning. And in Perl 5.005, this special treatment will cease.
2753 =item Use of $# is deprecated
2755 (D) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly defined B<awk> feature.
2756 Use an explicit printf() or sprintf() instead.
2758 =item Use of $* is deprecated
2760 (D) This variable magically turned on multi-line pattern matching, both for
2761 you and for any luckless subroutine that you happen to call. You should
2762 use the new C<//m> and C<//s> modifiers now to do that without the dangerous
2763 action-at-a-distance effects of C<$*>.
2765 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported
2767 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from
2768 only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.
2770 =item Use of bare E<lt>E<lt> to mean E<lt>E<lt>"" is deprecated
2772 (D) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form if you
2773 wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.
2775 =item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
2777 (D) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you clobber a
2778 subroutine's argument list, so it's better if you assign the results of
2779 a split() explicitly to an array (or list).
2781 =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
2783 (D) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines are looked
2784 up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the subroutines to
2785 be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. C<Foo::bar()>), not
2786 as methods (e.g. C<Foo-E<gt>bar()> or C<$obj-E<gt>bar()>).
2788 This bug will be rectified in Perl 5.005, which will use method lookup
2789 only for methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base
2790 of existing code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an
2791 interim step, Perl 5.004 issues an optional warning when non-methods
2792 use inherited C<AUTOLOAD>s.
2794 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
2795 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used to
2796 depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class named
2797 C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during startup.
2799 In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);> you
2800 should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to
2801 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>.
2803 =item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
2805 (D) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future versions of perl
2806 may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either explicitly quoting
2807 the word in a manner appropriate for its context of use, or using a
2808 different name altogether. The warning can be suppressed for subroutine
2809 names by either adding a C<&> prefix, or using a package qualifier,
2810 e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>.
2812 =item Use of %s is deprecated
2814 (D) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use, generally
2815 because there's a better way to do it, and also because the old way has
2818 =item Use of uninitialized value
2820 (W) An undefined value was used as if it were already defined. It was
2821 interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake. To suppress this
2822 warning assign an initial value to your variables.
2824 =item Useless use of %s in void context
2826 (W) You did something without a side effect in a context that does nothing
2827 with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a value
2828 from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very often
2829 this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl to parse
2830 your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd get this
2831 if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and said
2835 when you meant to say
2837 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
2839 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list
2840 reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for
2845 when you should have said
2849 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,
2850 while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in
2851 a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which
2852 throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See
2853 L<perlref> for more on this.
2855 =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
2857 (W) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was still
2858 valid when C<untie> was called.
2860 =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
2862 (W) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob), C<each()>,
2863 or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs can return a
2864 value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression false, which is
2865 probably not what you intended. When using these constructs in conditional
2866 expressions, test their values with the C<defined> operator.
2868 =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s
2870 (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable
2871 that you apparently thought was imported from another module, because
2872 something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported
2873 by that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character
2874 on the front of your variable.
2876 =item Variable "%s" may be unavailable
2878 (W) An inner (nested) I<anonymous> subroutine is inside a I<named>
2879 subroutine, and outside that is another subroutine; and the anonymous
2880 (innermost) subroutine is referencing a lexical variable defined in
2881 the outermost subroutine. For example:
2883 sub outermost { my $a; sub middle { sub { $a } } }
2885 If the anonymous subroutine is called or referenced (directly or
2886 indirectly) from the outermost subroutine, it will share the variable
2887 as you would expect. But if the anonymous subroutine is called or
2888 referenced when the outermost subroutine is not active, it will see
2889 the value of the shared variable as it was before and during the
2890 *first* call to the outermost subroutine, which is probably not what
2893 In these circumstances, it is usually best to make the middle
2894 subroutine anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. Perl has specific
2895 support for shared variables in nested anonymous subroutines; a named
2896 subroutine in between interferes with this feature.
2898 =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared
2900 (W) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a lexical
2901 variable defined in an outer subroutine.
2903 When the inner subroutine is called, it will probably see the value of
2904 the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the
2905 *first* call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first
2906 call to the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer
2907 subroutines will no longer share a common value for the variable. In
2908 other words, the variable will no longer be shared.
2910 Furthermore, if the outer subroutine is anonymous and references a
2911 lexical variable outside itself, then the outer and inner subroutines
2912 will I<never> share the given variable.
2914 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
2915 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that
2916 reference variables in outer subroutines are called or referenced,
2917 they are automatically rebound to the current values of such
2920 =item Variable syntax
2922 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead
2923 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into
2926 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2928 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
2930 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2931 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
2934 are supported and installed on your system.
2935 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
2937 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the
2938 settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value.
2939 This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your system
2940 administrator have set up the so-called variable system but Perl could
2941 not use those settings. This was not dead serious, fortunately: there
2942 is a "default locale" called "C" that Perl can and will use, the
2943 script will be run. Before you really fix the problem, however, you
2944 will get the same error message each time you run Perl. How to really
2945 fix the problem can be found in L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>.
2947 =item Warning: something's wrong
2949 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or
2950 you called it with no args and C<$_> was empty.
2952 =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
2954 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on the
2955 close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk space.
2957 =item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
2959 (S) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that looks like a
2960 binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a term or
2961 unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand function
2962 has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
2966 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
2970 but in actual fact, you got
2974 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
2976 =item Write on closed filehandle
2978 (W) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime before now.
2979 Check your logic flow.
2981 =item X outside of string
2983 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position before
2984 the beginning of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2986 =item x outside of string
2988 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after
2989 the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>.
2991 =item Xsub "%s" called in sort
2993 (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet supported.
2995 =item Xsub called in sort
2997 (F) The use of an external subroutine as a sort comparison is not yet supported.
2999 =item You can't use C<-l> on a filehandle
3001 (F) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file it
3002 already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.
3003 Use a filename instead.
3005 =item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
3007 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the
3008 sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip
3009 about what you want. Your best bet is to use the wrapsuid script in
3010 the eg directory to put a setuid C wrapper around your script.
3012 =item You need to quote "%s"
3014 (W) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name. Unfortunately, you
3015 already have a subroutine of that name declared, which means that Perl 5
3016 will try to call the subroutine when the assignment is executed, which is
3017 probably not what you want. (If it IS what you want, put an & in front.)
3019 =item [gs]etsockopt() on closed fd
3021 (W) You tried to get or set a socket option on a closed socket.
3022 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
3023 See L<perlfunc/getsockopt>.
3025 =item \1 better written as $1
3027 (W) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables. The use
3028 of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a
3029 substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form
3030 because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better
3031 if there are more than 9 backreferences.
3033 =item '|' and 'E<lt>' may not both be specified on command line
3035 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
3036 found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to redirect STDIN using
3037 'E<lt>'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.
3039 =item '|' and 'E<gt>' may not both be specified on command line
3041 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line redirection, and
3042 thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and into a pipe to another
3043 command. You need to choose one or the other, though nothing's stopping you
3044 from piping into a program or Perl script which 'splits' output into two
3047 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
3054 =item Got an error from DosAllocMem
3056 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete
3057 version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
3059 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
3061 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form
3069 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix
3070 of a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error
3071 may appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
3072 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in F<README.os2>.
3074 =item PERL_SH_DIR too long
3076 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the
3077 C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in F<README.os2>.
3079 =item Process terminated by SIG%s
3081 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix
3082 applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2
3083 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see
3084 L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT"