3 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
7 This file contains the documentation of the perl public API generated by
8 embed.pl, specifically a listing of functions, macros, flags, and variables
9 that may be used by extension writers. The interfaces of any functions that
10 are not listed here are subject to change without notice. For this reason,
11 blindly using functions listed in proto.h is to be avoided when writing
14 Note that all Perl API global variables must be referenced with the C<PL_>
15 prefix. Some macros are provided for compatibility with the older,
16 unadorned names, but this support may be disabled in a future release.
18 The listing is alphabetical, case insensitive.
24 Same as C<av_len()>. Deprecated, use C<av_len()> instead.
33 Clears an array, making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the
43 Deletes the element indexed by C<key> from the array. Returns the
44 deleted element. C<flags> is currently ignored.
46 SV* av_delete(AV* ar, I32 key, I32 flags)
53 Returns true if the element indexed by C<key> has been initialized.
55 This relies on the fact that uninitialized array elements are set to
58 bool av_exists(AV* ar, I32 key)
65 Pre-extend an array. The C<key> is the index to which the array should be
68 void av_extend(AV* ar, I32 key)
75 Returns the SV at the specified index in the array. The C<key> is the
76 index. If C<lval> is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Check
77 that the return value is non-null before dereferencing it to a C<SV*>.
79 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for
80 more information on how to use this function on tied arrays.
82 SV** av_fetch(AV* ar, I32 key, I32 lval)
89 Ensure than an array has a given number of elements, equivalent to
90 Perl's C<$#array = $fill;>.
92 void av_fill(AV* ar, I32 fill)
99 Returns the highest index in the array. Returns -1 if the array is
109 Creates a new AV and populates it with a list of SVs. The SVs are copied
110 into the array, so they may be freed after the call to av_make. The new AV
111 will have a reference count of 1.
113 AV* av_make(I32 size, SV** svp)
120 Pops an SV off the end of the array. Returns C<&PL_sv_undef> if the array
130 Pushes an SV onto the end of the array. The array will grow automatically
131 to accommodate the addition.
133 void av_push(AV* ar, SV* val)
140 Shifts an SV off the beginning of the array.
149 Stores an SV in an array. The array index is specified as C<key>. The
150 return value will be NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not
151 need to be actually stored within the array (as in the case of tied
152 arrays). Otherwise it can be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note
153 that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference
154 count of C<val> before the call, and decrementing it if the function
157 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for
158 more information on how to use this function on tied arrays.
160 SV** av_store(AV* ar, I32 key, SV* val)
167 Undefines the array. Frees the memory used by the array itself.
169 void av_undef(AV* ar)
176 Unshift the given number of C<undef> values onto the beginning of the
177 array. The array will grow automatically to accommodate the addition. You
178 must then use C<av_store> to assign values to these new elements.
180 void av_unshift(AV* ar, I32 num)
185 =item bytes_from_utf8
187 Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
188 Unlike <utf8_to_bytes> but like C<bytes_to_utf8>, returns a pointer to
189 the newly-created string, and updates C<len> to contain the new
190 length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, C<len>
191 is unchanged. Do nothing if C<is_utf8> points to 0. Sets C<is_utf8> to
192 0 if C<s> is converted or contains all 7bit characters.
194 NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
195 removed without notice.
197 U8* bytes_from_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8)
204 Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from ASCII into UTF8 encoding.
205 Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets C<len> to
206 reflect the new length.
208 NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
209 removed without notice.
211 U8* bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
218 Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See L<perlcall>.
220 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
222 I32 call_argv(const char* sub_name, I32 flags, char** argv)
229 Performs a callback to the specified Perl method. The blessed object must
230 be on the stack. See L<perlcall>.
232 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
234 I32 call_method(const char* methname, I32 flags)
241 Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See L<perlcall>.
243 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
245 I32 call_pv(const char* sub_name, I32 flags)
252 Performs a callback to the Perl sub whose name is in the SV. See
255 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
257 I32 call_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
264 Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the
265 class name for a C++ XS constructor. This is always a C<char*>. See C<THIS>.
274 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
275 source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
276 the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
278 void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
281 Found in file handy.h
285 This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<die> function.
286 Normally use this function the same way you use the C C<printf>
287 function. See C<warn>.
289 If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to
290 C<$@> and then pass C<Nullch> to croak():
292 errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE);
293 sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object);
296 void croak(const char* pat, ...)
303 Returns the stash of the CV.
312 If C<cv> is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant
313 value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns NULL.
315 Constant subs can be created with C<newCONSTSUB> or as described in
316 L<perlsub/"Constant Functions">.
318 SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv)
325 Declare a stack marker variable, C<mark>, for the XSUB. See C<MARK> and
335 Saves the original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<ORIGMARK>.
344 Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the XSUB, available via
345 the C<SP> macro. See C<SP>.
354 Sets up stack and mark pointers for an XSUB, calling dSP and dMARK. This
355 is usually handled automatically by C<xsubpp>. Declares the C<items>
356 variable to indicate the number of items on the stack.
365 Sets up the C<ix> variable for an XSUB which has aliases. This is usually
366 handled automatically by C<xsubpp>.
375 Opening bracket on a callback. See C<LEAVE> and L<perlcall>.
380 Found in file scope.h
384 Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
386 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
388 SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error)
395 Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
397 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
399 I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags)
406 Used to extend the argument stack for an XSUB's return values. Once
407 used, guarantees that there is room for at least C<nitems> to be pushed
410 void EXTEND(SP, int nitems)
417 Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using fbm_instr()
418 -- the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
420 void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags)
427 Returns the location of the SV in the string delimited by C<str> and
428 C<strend>. It returns C<Nullch> if the string can't be found. The C<sv>
429 does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast
432 char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags)
439 Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<SAVETMPS> and
445 Found in file scope.h
449 Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
450 Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
451 set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
453 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
455 AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create)
462 Returns the CV of the specified Perl subroutine. If C<create> is set and
463 the Perl subroutine does not exist then it will be declared (which has the
464 same effect as saying C<sub name;>). If C<create> is not set and the
465 subroutine does not exist then NULL is returned.
467 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
469 CV* get_cv(const char* name, I32 create)
476 Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
477 Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
478 set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
480 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
482 HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create)
489 Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
490 Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
491 set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
493 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
495 SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create)
502 A backward-compatible version of C<GIMME_V> which can only return
503 C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY>; in a void context, it returns C<G_SCALAR>.
504 Deprecated. Use C<GIMME_V> instead.
513 The XSUB-writer's equivalent to Perl's C<wantarray>. Returns C<G_VOID>,
514 C<G_SCALAR> or C<G_ARRAY> for void, scalar or list context,
524 Return the SV from the GV.
533 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
534 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
535 accessible via @ISA and @UNIVERSAL.
537 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
538 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
539 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
540 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
542 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
543 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
544 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
545 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
546 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
548 GV* gv_fetchmeth(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
555 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
557 GV* gv_fetchmethod(HV* stash, const char* name)
562 =item gv_fetchmethod_autoload
564 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
565 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
566 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
569 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
570 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
571 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
572 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
573 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
575 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
576 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
577 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
578 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
579 created via a side effect to do this.
581 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
582 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
583 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
584 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
586 GV* gv_fetchmethod_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, I32 autoload)
593 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
594 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
595 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
596 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
598 HV* gv_stashpv(const char* name, I32 create)
605 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
606 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
608 HV* gv_stashsv(SV* sv, I32 create)
615 Used to indicate list context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME> and
623 Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See
631 Used to force a Perl C<eval> wrapper around a callback. See
639 Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See
647 Used to indicate scalar context. See C<GIMME_V>, C<GIMME>, and
655 Used to indicate void context. See C<GIMME_V> and L<perlcall>.
662 This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
663 specifies the structure contains a C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
664 is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).
671 Returns the computed hash stored in the hash entry.
680 Returns the actual pointer stored in the key slot of the hash entry. The
681 pointer may be either C<char*> or C<SV*>, depending on the value of
682 C<HeKLEN()>. Can be assigned to. The C<HePV()> or C<HeSVKEY()> macros are
683 usually preferable for finding the value of a key.
692 If this is negative, and amounts to C<HEf_SVKEY>, it indicates the entry
693 holds an C<SV*> key. Otherwise, holds the actual length of the key. Can
694 be assigned to. The C<HePV()> macro is usually preferable for finding key
697 STRLEN HeKLEN(HE* he)
704 Returns the key slot of the hash entry as a C<char*> value, doing any
705 necessary dereferencing of possibly C<SV*> keys. The length of the string
706 is placed in C<len> (this is a macro, so do I<not> use C<&len>). If you do
707 not care about what the length of the key is, you may use the global
708 variable C<PL_na>, though this is rather less efficient than using a local
709 variable. Remember though, that hash keys in perl are free to contain
710 embedded nulls, so using C<strlen()> or similar is not a good way to find
711 the length of hash keys. This is very similar to the C<SvPV()> macro
712 described elsewhere in this document.
714 char* HePV(HE* he, STRLEN len)
721 Returns the key as an C<SV*>, or C<Nullsv> if the hash entry does not
722 contain an C<SV*> key.
731 Returns the key as an C<SV*>. Will create and return a temporary mortal
732 C<SV*> if the hash entry contains only a C<char*> key.
734 SV* HeSVKEY_force(HE* he)
741 Sets the key to a given C<SV*>, taking care to set the appropriate flags to
742 indicate the presence of an C<SV*> key, and returns the same
745 SV* HeSVKEY_set(HE* he, SV* sv)
752 Returns the value slot (type C<SV*>) stored in the hash entry.
761 Returns the package name of a stash. See C<SvSTASH>, C<CvSTASH>.
763 char* HvNAME(HV* stash)
770 Clears a hash, making it empty.
772 void hv_clear(HV* tb)
779 Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the
780 hash and returned to the caller. The C<klen> is the length of the key.
781 The C<flags> value will normally be zero; if set to G_DISCARD then NULL
784 SV* hv_delete(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, I32 flags)
791 Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value SV is removed from the
792 hash and returned to the caller. The C<flags> value will normally be zero;
793 if set to G_DISCARD then NULL will be returned. C<hash> can be a valid
794 precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be computed.
796 SV* hv_delete_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 flags, U32 hash)
803 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. The
804 C<klen> is the length of the key.
806 bool hv_exists(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen)
813 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. C<hash>
814 can be a valid precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be
817 bool hv_exists_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, U32 hash)
824 Returns the SV which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. The
825 C<klen> is the length of the key. If C<lval> is set then the fetch will be
826 part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before
827 dereferencing it to a C<SV*>.
829 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
830 information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
832 SV** hv_fetch(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, I32 lval)
839 Returns the hash entry which corresponds to the specified key in the hash.
840 C<hash> must be a valid precomputed hash number for the given C<key>, or 0
841 if you want the function to compute it. IF C<lval> is set then the fetch
842 will be part of a store. Make sure the return value is non-null before
843 accessing it. The return value when C<tb> is a tied hash is a pointer to a
844 static location, so be sure to make a copy of the structure if you need to
847 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
848 information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
850 HE* hv_fetch_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 lval, U32 hash)
857 Prepares a starting point to traverse a hash table. Returns the number of
858 keys in the hash (i.e. the same as C<HvKEYS(tb)>). The return value is
859 currently only meaningful for hashes without tie magic.
861 NOTE: Before version 5.004_65, C<hv_iterinit> used to return the number of
862 hash buckets that happen to be in use. If you still need that esoteric
863 value, you can get it through the macro C<HvFILL(tb)>.
865 I32 hv_iterinit(HV* tb)
872 Returns the key from the current position of the hash iterator. See
875 char* hv_iterkey(HE* entry, I32* retlen)
882 Returns the key as an C<SV*> from the current position of the hash
883 iterator. The return value will always be a mortal copy of the key. Also
886 SV* hv_iterkeysv(HE* entry)
893 Returns entries from a hash iterator. See C<hv_iterinit>.
895 HE* hv_iternext(HV* tb)
902 Performs an C<hv_iternext>, C<hv_iterkey>, and C<hv_iterval> in one
905 SV* hv_iternextsv(HV* hv, char** key, I32* retlen)
912 Returns the value from the current position of the hash iterator. See
915 SV* hv_iterval(HV* tb, HE* entry)
922 Adds magic to a hash. See C<sv_magic>.
924 void hv_magic(HV* hv, GV* gv, int how)
931 Stores an SV in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key> and C<klen> is
932 the length of the key. The C<hash> parameter is the precomputed hash
933 value; if it is zero then Perl will compute it. The return value will be
934 NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
935 stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise it can
936 be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note that the caller is
937 responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of C<val> before
938 the call, and decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
940 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
941 information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
943 SV** hv_store(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, SV* val, U32 hash)
950 Stores C<val> in a hash. The hash key is specified as C<key>. The C<hash>
951 parameter is the precomputed hash value; if it is zero then Perl will
952 compute it. The return value is the new hash entry so created. It will be
953 NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually
954 stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise the
955 contents of the return value can be accessed using the C<He???> macros
956 described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably
957 incrementing the reference count of C<val> before the call, and
958 decrementing it if the function returned NULL.
960 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for more
961 information on how to use this function on tied hashes.
963 HE* hv_store_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, SV* val, U32 hash)
972 void hv_undef(HV* tb)
979 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
980 character (including underscore) or digit.
982 bool isALNUM(char ch)
985 Found in file handy.h
989 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
992 bool isALPHA(char ch)
995 Found in file handy.h
999 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
1002 bool isDIGIT(char ch)
1005 Found in file handy.h
1009 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
1012 bool isLOWER(char ch)
1015 Found in file handy.h
1019 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
1021 bool isSPACE(char ch)
1024 Found in file handy.h
1028 Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
1031 bool isUPPER(char ch)
1034 Found in file handy.h
1038 Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid UTF-8
1039 character. Note that an ASCII character is a valid UTF-8 character.
1040 The actual number of bytes in the UTF-8 character will be returned if
1041 it is valid, otherwise 0.
1043 STRLEN is_utf8_char(U8 *p)
1046 Found in file utf8.c
1048 =item is_utf8_string
1050 Returns true if first C<len> bytes of the given string form a valid UTF8
1051 string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid UTF8 string' does not mean
1052 'a string that contains UTF8' because a valid ASCII string is a valid
1055 bool is_utf8_string(U8 *s, STRLEN len)
1058 Found in file utf8.c
1062 Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate the number of
1063 items on the stack. See L<perlxs/"Variable-length Parameter Lists">.
1068 Found in file XSUB.h
1072 Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to indicate which of an
1073 XSUB's aliases was used to invoke it. See L<perlxs/"The ALIAS: Keyword">.
1078 Found in file XSUB.h
1082 Closing bracket on a callback. See C<ENTER> and L<perlcall>.
1087 Found in file scope.h
1089 =item looks_like_number
1091 Test if an the content of an SV looks like a number (or is a
1092 number). C<Inf> and C<Infinity> are treated as numbers (so will not
1093 issue a non-numeric warning), even if your atof() doesn't grok them.
1095 I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv)
1102 Stack marker variable for the XSUB. See C<dMARK>.
1109 Clear something magical that the SV represents. See C<sv_magic>.
1111 int mg_clear(SV* sv)
1118 Copies the magic from one SV to another. See C<sv_magic>.
1120 int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen)
1127 Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
1129 MAGIC* mg_find(SV* sv, int type)
1136 Free any magic storage used by the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
1145 Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
1154 Report on the SV's length. See C<sv_magic>.
1156 U32 mg_length(SV* sv)
1163 Turns on the magical status of an SV. See C<sv_magic>.
1165 void mg_magical(SV* sv)
1172 Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV. See C<sv_magic>.
1181 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
1182 source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
1183 the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
1185 void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type)
1188 Found in file handy.h
1192 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
1194 void New(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
1197 Found in file handy.h
1201 Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
1210 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
1213 void Newc(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
1216 Found in file handy.h
1220 Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl C<sub FOO () { 123 }> which is
1221 eligible for inlining at compile-time.
1223 CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv)
1230 Creates a new HV. The reference count is set to 1.
1239 Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original SV is
1242 SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv)
1249 Creates an RV wrapper for an SV. The reference count for the original
1250 SV is B<not> incremented.
1252 SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv)
1259 Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
1260 bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
1261 tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
1262 space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
1263 C<id> is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
1265 SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len)
1268 Found in file handy.h
1272 Creates a new SV and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the
1282 Creates a new SV and copies a floating point value into it.
1283 The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
1292 Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
1293 SV is set to 1. If C<len> is zero, Perl will compute the length using
1294 strlen(). For efficiency, consider using C<newSVpvn> instead.
1296 SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len)
1303 Creates a new SV an initialize it with the string formatted like
1306 SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...)
1313 Creates a new SV and copies a string into it. The reference count for the
1314 SV is set to 1. Note that if C<len> is zero, Perl will create a zero length
1315 string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least
1318 SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len)
1323 =item newSVpvn_share
1325 Creates a new SV and populates it with a string from
1326 the string table. Turns on READONLY and FAKE.
1327 The idea here is that as string table is used for shared hash
1328 keys these strings will have SvPVX == HeKEY and hash lookup
1329 will avoid string compare.
1331 SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash)
1338 Creates a new SV for the RV, C<rv>, to point to. If C<rv> is not an RV then
1339 it will be upgraded to one. If C<classname> is non-null then the new SV will
1340 be blessed in the specified package. The new SV is returned and its
1341 reference count is 1.
1343 SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname)
1350 Creates a new SV which is an exact duplicate of the original SV.
1352 SV* newSVsv(SV* old)
1359 Creates a new SV and copies an unsigned integer into it.
1360 The reference count for the SV is set to 1.
1369 Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs.
1376 Used by C<xsubpp> to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to
1380 Found in file XSUB.h
1384 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
1385 memory is zeroed with C<memzero>.
1387 void Newz(int id, void* ptr, int nitems, type)
1390 Found in file handy.h
1401 Null character pointer.
1404 Found in file handy.h
1425 Found in file handy.h
1429 The original stack mark for the XSUB. See C<dORIGMARK>.
1436 Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
1438 PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc()
1441 Found in file perl.c
1443 =item perl_construct
1445 Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
1447 void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
1450 Found in file perl.c
1454 Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
1456 void perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp)
1459 Found in file perl.c
1463 Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
1465 void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp)
1468 Found in file perl.c
1472 Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
1474 int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env)
1477 Found in file perl.c
1481 Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
1483 int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp)
1486 Found in file perl.c
1490 C<PL_modglobal> is a general purpose, interpreter global HV for use by
1491 extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis.
1492 In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions
1493 to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys
1494 prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data.
1499 Found in file intrpvar.h
1503 A convenience variable which is typically used with C<SvPV> when one
1504 doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient
1505 to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the
1506 C<SvPV_nolen> macro.
1511 Found in file thrdvar.h
1515 This is the C<false> SV. See C<PL_sv_yes>. Always refer to this as
1521 Found in file intrpvar.h
1525 This is the C<undef> SV. Always refer to this as C<&PL_sv_undef>.
1530 Found in file intrpvar.h
1534 This is the C<true> SV. See C<PL_sv_no>. Always refer to this as
1540 Found in file intrpvar.h
1544 Pops an integer off the stack.
1553 Pops a long off the stack.
1562 Pops a double off the stack.
1571 Pops a string off the stack.
1580 Pops an SV off the stack.
1589 Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
1590 Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHi>.
1599 Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See C<PUTBACK> and
1609 Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
1610 Handles 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHn>.
1619 Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
1620 The C<len> indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
1623 void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
1630 Push an SV onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element.
1631 Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<XPUSHs>.
1640 Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this
1641 element. See C<XPUSHu>.
1650 Closing bracket for XSUB arguments. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>.
1651 See C<PUSHMARK> and L<perlcall> for other uses.
1660 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
1662 void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type)
1665 Found in file handy.h
1669 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
1672 void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast)
1675 Found in file handy.h
1679 Tells Perl to C<require> a module.
1681 NOTE: the perl_ form of this function is deprecated.
1683 void require_pv(const char* pv)
1686 Found in file perl.c
1690 Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to hold the return value for an
1691 XSUB. This is always the proper type for the XSUB. See
1692 L<perlxs/"The RETVAL Variable">.
1697 Found in file XSUB.h
1701 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
1703 void Safefree(void* ptr)
1706 Found in file handy.h
1710 Copy a string to a safe spot. This does not use an SV.
1712 char* savepv(const char* sv)
1715 Found in file util.c
1719 Copy a string to a safe spot. The C<len> indicates number of bytes to
1720 copy. This does not use an SV.
1722 char* savepvn(const char* sv, I32 len)
1725 Found in file util.c
1729 Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See C<FREETMPS> and
1735 Found in file scope.h
1739 Stack pointer. This is usually handled by C<xsubpp>. See C<dSP> and
1747 Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See L<perlcall>.
1756 Used to access elements on the XSUB's stack.
1761 Found in file XSUB.h
1765 Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
1767 bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2)
1770 Found in file handy.h
1774 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
1775 the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
1777 bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2)
1780 Found in file handy.h
1784 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
1785 C<s2>. Returns true or false.
1787 bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2)
1790 Found in file handy.h
1794 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
1795 second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
1797 bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2)
1800 Found in file handy.h
1804 Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
1805 C<s2>. Returns true or false.
1807 bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2)
1810 Found in file handy.h
1814 Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
1817 bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2)
1820 Found in file handy.h
1824 Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
1825 the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
1828 bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
1831 Found in file handy.h
1835 Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
1836 indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
1837 wrapper for C<strncmp>).
1839 bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len)
1842 Found in file handy.h
1846 This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
1848 void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type)
1851 Found in file handy.h
1855 Returns the length of the string which is in the SV. See C<SvLEN>.
1857 STRLEN SvCUR(SV* sv)
1864 Set the length of the string which is in the SV. See C<SvCUR>.
1866 void SvCUR_set(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
1873 Returns a pointer to the last character in the string which is in the SV.
1874 See C<SvCUR>. Access the character as *(SvEND(sv)).
1883 Invokes C<mg_get> on an SV if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its
1884 argument more than once.
1886 void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv)
1893 Expands the character buffer in the SV so that it has room for the
1894 indicated number of bytes (remember to reserve space for an extra trailing
1895 NUL character). Calls C<sv_grow> to perform the expansion if necessary.
1896 Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
1898 void SvGROW(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
1905 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer.
1914 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an integer. Checks
1915 the B<private> setting. Use C<SvIOK>.
1924 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an signed integer.
1926 void SvIOK_notUV(SV* sv)
1933 Unsets the IV status of an SV.
1935 void SvIOK_off(SV* sv)
1942 Tells an SV that it is an integer.
1944 void SvIOK_on(SV* sv)
1951 Tells an SV that it is an integer and disables all other OK bits.
1953 void SvIOK_only(SV* sv)
1960 Tells and SV that it is an unsigned integer and disables all other OK bits.
1962 void SvIOK_only_UV(SV* sv)
1969 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
1971 void SvIOK_UV(SV* sv)
1978 Coerces the given SV to an integer and returns it.
1987 Returns the integer which is stored in the SV, assuming SvIOK is
1997 Returns the size of the string buffer in the SV, not including any part
1998 attributable to C<SvOOK>. See C<SvCUR>.
2000 STRLEN SvLEN(SV* sv)
2007 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or
2017 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a number, integer or
2018 double. Checks the B<private> setting. Use C<SvNIOK>.
2020 bool SvNIOKp(SV* sv)
2027 Unsets the NV/IV status of an SV.
2029 void SvNIOK_off(SV* sv)
2036 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double.
2045 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a double. Checks the
2046 B<private> setting. Use C<SvNOK>.
2055 Unsets the NV status of an SV.
2057 void SvNOK_off(SV* sv)
2064 Tells an SV that it is a double.
2066 void SvNOK_on(SV* sv)
2073 Tells an SV that it is a double and disables all other OK bits.
2075 void SvNOK_only(SV* sv)
2082 Coerce the given SV to a double and return it.
2091 Returns the double which is stored in the SV, assuming SvNOK is
2101 Returns a boolean indicating whether the value is an SV.
2110 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SvIVX is a valid offset value for
2111 the SvPVX. This hack is used internally to speed up removal of characters
2112 from the beginning of a SvPV. When SvOOK is true, then the start of the
2113 allocated string buffer is really (SvPVX - SvIVX).
2122 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character
2132 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains a character string.
2133 Checks the B<private> setting. Use C<SvPOK>.
2142 Unsets the PV status of an SV.
2144 void SvPOK_off(SV* sv)
2151 Tells an SV that it is a string.
2153 void SvPOK_on(SV* sv)
2160 Tells an SV that it is a string and disables all other OK bits.
2162 void SvPOK_only(SV* sv)
2167 =item SvPOK_only_UTF8
2169 Tells an SV that it is a UTF8 string (do not use frivolously)
2170 and disables all other OK bits.
2172 void SvPOK_only_UTF8(SV* sv)
2179 Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
2180 if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
2182 char* SvPV(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2189 Returns a pointer to the string in the SV. The SV must contain a
2199 Like <SvPV> but will force the SV into becoming a string (SvPOK). You want
2200 force if you are going to update the SvPVX directly.
2202 char* SvPV_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len)
2209 Returns a pointer to the string in the SV, or a stringified form of the SV
2210 if the SV does not contain a string. Handles 'get' magic.
2212 char* SvPV_nolen(SV* sv)
2219 Returns the value of the object's reference count.
2221 U32 SvREFCNT(SV* sv)
2228 Decrements the reference count of the given SV.
2230 void SvREFCNT_dec(SV* sv)
2237 Increments the reference count of the given SV.
2239 SV* SvREFCNT_inc(SV* sv)
2246 Tests if the SV is an RV.
2255 Unsets the RV status of an SV.
2257 void SvROK_off(SV* sv)
2264 Tells an SV that it is an RV.
2266 void SvROK_on(SV* sv)
2273 Dereferences an RV to return the SV.
2282 Invokes C<mg_set> on an SV if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its
2283 argument more than once.
2285 void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv)
2292 Calls C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments
2295 void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv)
2300 =item SvSetSV_nosteal
2302 Calls a non-destructive version of C<sv_setsv> if dsv is not the same as
2303 ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once.
2305 void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
2312 Returns the stash of the SV.
2321 Taints an SV if tainting is enabled
2323 void SvTAINT(SV* sv)
2330 Checks to see if an SV is tainted. Returns TRUE if it is, FALSE if
2333 bool SvTAINTED(SV* sv)
2340 Untaints an SV. Be I<very> careful with this routine, as it short-circuits
2341 some of Perl's fundamental security features. XS module authors should not
2342 use this function unless they fully understand all the implications of
2343 unconditionally untainting the value. Untainting should be done in the
2344 standard perl fashion, via a carefully crafted regexp, rather than directly
2345 untainting variables.
2347 void SvTAINTED_off(SV* sv)
2354 Marks an SV as tainted.
2356 void SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv)
2363 Returns a boolean indicating whether Perl would evaluate the SV as true or
2364 false, defined or undefined. Does not handle 'get' magic.
2373 An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file B<sv.h>
2374 in the C<svtype> enum. Test these flags with the C<SvTYPE> macro.
2381 Returns the type of the SV. See C<svtype>.
2383 svtype SvTYPE(SV* sv)
2390 Integer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
2397 Double type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
2404 Pointer type flag for scalars. See C<svtype>.
2411 Type flag for arrays. See C<svtype>.
2418 Type flag for code refs. See C<svtype>.
2425 Type flag for hashes. See C<svtype>.
2432 Type flag for blessed scalars. See C<svtype>.
2439 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains an unsigned integer.
2448 Used to upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Uses C<sv_upgrade> to
2449 perform the upgrade if necessary. See C<svtype>.
2451 void SvUPGRADE(SV* sv, svtype type)
2458 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV contains UTF-8 encoded data.
2467 Unsets the UTF8 status of an SV.
2469 void SvUTF8_off(SV *sv)
2476 Tells an SV that it is a string and encoded in UTF8. Do not use frivolously.
2478 void SvUTF8_on(SV *sv)
2485 Coerces the given SV to an unsigned integer and returns it.
2494 Returns the unsigned integer which is stored in the SV, assuming SvIOK is
2504 Marks an SV as mortal. The SV will be destroyed when the current context
2507 SV* sv_2mortal(SV* sv)
2514 Blesses an SV into a specified package. The SV must be an RV. The package
2515 must be designated by its stash (see C<gv_stashpv()>). The reference count
2516 of the SV is unaffected.
2518 SV* sv_bless(SV* sv, HV* stash)
2525 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV.
2526 Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpv_mg>.
2528 void sv_catpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
2535 Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and appends the formatted output
2536 to an SV. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. C<SvSETMAGIC()> must
2537 typically be called after calling this function to handle 'set' magic.
2539 void sv_catpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
2546 Like C<sv_catpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
2548 void sv_catpvf_mg(SV *sv, const char* pat, ...)
2555 Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the SV. The
2556 C<len> indicates number of bytes to copy. Handles 'get' magic, but not
2557 'set' magic. See C<sv_catpvn_mg>.
2559 void sv_catpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
2566 Like C<sv_catpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
2568 void sv_catpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
2575 Like C<sv_catpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
2577 void sv_catpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr)
2584 Concatenates the string from SV C<ssv> onto the end of the string in
2585 SV C<dsv>. Modifies C<dsv> but not C<ssv>. Handles 'get' magic, but
2586 not 'set' magic. See C<sv_catsv_mg>.
2588 void sv_catsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
2595 Like C<sv_catsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
2597 void sv_catsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
2604 Efficient removal of characters from the beginning of the string buffer.
2605 SvPOK(sv) must be true and the C<ptr> must be a pointer to somewhere inside
2606 the string buffer. The C<ptr> becomes the first character of the adjusted
2609 void sv_chop(SV* sv, char* ptr)
2616 Clear an SV, making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the SV
2619 void sv_clear(SV* sv)
2626 Compares the strings in two SVs. Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the
2627 string in C<sv1> is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in
2630 I32 sv_cmp(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
2637 Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. See
2640 I32 sv_cmp_locale(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
2647 Auto-decrement of the value in the SV.
2654 =item sv_derived_from
2656 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is derived from the specified
2657 class. This is the function that implements C<UNIVERSAL::isa>. It works
2658 for class names as well as for objects.
2660 bool sv_derived_from(SV* sv, const char* name)
2663 Found in file universal.c
2667 Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are
2670 I32 sv_eq(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)
2677 Free the memory used by an SV.
2679 void sv_free(SV* sv)
2686 Get a line from the filehandle and store it into the SV, optionally
2687 appending to the currently-stored string.
2689 char* sv_gets(SV* sv, PerlIO* fp, I32 append)
2696 Expands the character buffer in the SV. This will use C<sv_unref> and will
2697 upgrade the SV to C<SVt_PV>. Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
2700 char* sv_grow(SV* sv, STRLEN newlen)
2707 Auto-increment of the value in the SV.
2716 Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the SV. Similar to
2717 the Perl substr() function.
2719 void sv_insert(SV* bigsv, STRLEN offset, STRLEN len, char* little, STRLEN littlelen)
2726 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is blessed into the specified
2727 class. This does not check for subtypes; use C<sv_derived_from> to verify
2728 an inheritance relationship.
2730 int sv_isa(SV* sv, const char* name)
2737 Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is an RV pointing to a blessed
2738 object. If the SV is not an RV, or if the object is not blessed, then this
2741 int sv_isobject(SV* sv)
2748 Returns the length of the string in the SV. See also C<SvCUR>.
2750 STRLEN sv_len(SV* sv)
2757 Returns the number of characters in the string in an SV, counting wide
2758 UTF8 bytes as a single character.
2760 STRLEN sv_len_utf8(SV* sv)
2767 Adds magic to an SV.
2769 void sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen)
2776 Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV. The new SV is marked
2779 SV* sv_mortalcopy(SV* oldsv)
2786 Creates a new SV which is mortal. The reference count of the SV is set to 1.
2795 Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.
2797 char* sv_pvn_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
2802 =item sv_pvutf8n_force
2804 Get a sensible UTF8-encoded string out of the SV somehow. See
2807 char* sv_pvutf8n_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)
2814 Returns a string describing what the SV is a reference to.
2816 char* sv_reftype(SV* sv, int ob)
2823 Make the first argument a copy of the second, then delete the original.
2825 void sv_replace(SV* sv, SV* nsv)
2834 SV* sv_rvweaken(SV *sv)
2841 Copies an integer into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See
2844 void sv_setiv(SV* sv, IV num)
2851 Like C<sv_setiv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
2853 void sv_setiv_mg(SV *sv, IV i)
2860 Copies a double into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic. See
2863 void sv_setnv(SV* sv, NV num)
2870 Like C<sv_setnv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
2872 void sv_setnv_mg(SV *sv, NV num)
2879 Copies a string into an SV. The string must be null-terminated. Does not
2880 handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpv_mg>.
2882 void sv_setpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)
2889 Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and sets an SV to the formatted
2890 output. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvf_mg>.
2892 void sv_setpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)
2899 Like C<sv_setpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.
2901 void sv_setpvf_mg(SV *sv, const char* pat, ...)
2908 Copies an integer into the given SV, also updating its string value.
2909 Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpviv_mg>.
2911 void sv_setpviv(SV* sv, IV num)
2918 Like C<sv_setpviv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
2920 void sv_setpviv_mg(SV *sv, IV iv)
2927 Copies a string into an SV. The C<len> parameter indicates the number of
2928 bytes to be copied. Does not handle 'set' magic. See C<sv_setpvn_mg>.
2930 void sv_setpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)
2937 Like C<sv_setpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
2939 void sv_setpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)
2946 Like C<sv_setpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
2948 void sv_setpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr)
2955 Copies an integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
2956 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
2957 the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
2958 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
2959 will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
2961 SV* sv_setref_iv(SV* rv, const char* classname, IV iv)
2968 Copies a double into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
2969 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
2970 the new SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
2971 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
2972 will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
2974 SV* sv_setref_nv(SV* rv, const char* classname, NV nv)
2981 Copies a pointer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The C<rv>
2982 argument will be upgraded to an RV. That RV will be modified to point to
2983 the new SV. If the C<pv> argument is NULL then C<PL_sv_undef> will be placed
2984 into the SV. The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
2985 blessing. Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV
2986 will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.
2988 Do not use with other Perl types such as HV, AV, SV, CV, because those
2989 objects will become corrupted by the pointer copy process.
2991 Note that C<sv_setref_pvn> copies the string while this copies the pointer.
2993 SV* sv_setref_pv(SV* rv, const char* classname, void* pv)
3000 Copies a string into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV. The length of the
3001 string must be specified with C<n>. The C<rv> argument will be upgraded to
3002 an RV. That RV will be modified to point to the new SV. The C<classname>
3003 argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set C<classname> to
3004 C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing. The new SV will be returned and will have
3005 a reference count of 1.
3007 Note that C<sv_setref_pv> copies the pointer while this copies the string.
3009 SV* sv_setref_pvn(SV* rv, const char* classname, char* pv, STRLEN n)
3016 Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV C<dsv>.
3017 The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal. Does not handle 'set'
3018 magic. See the macro forms C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal> and
3021 void sv_setsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)
3028 Like C<sv_setsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3030 void sv_setsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)
3037 Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV. Does not handle 'set' magic.
3040 void sv_setuv(SV* sv, UV num)
3047 Like C<sv_setuv>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3049 void sv_setuv_mg(SV *sv, UV u)
3056 Returns true if the SV has a true value by Perl's rules.
3065 Removes magic from an SV.
3067 int sv_unmagic(SV* sv, int type)
3074 Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of
3075 whatever was being referenced by the RV. This can almost be thought of
3076 as a reversal of C<newSVrv>. This is C<sv_unref_flags> with the C<flag>
3077 being zero. See C<SvROK_off>.
3079 void sv_unref(SV* sv)
3084 =item sv_unref_flags
3086 Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of
3087 whatever was being referenced by the RV. This can almost be thought of
3088 as a reversal of C<newSVrv>. The C<cflags> argument can contain
3089 C<SV_IMMEDIATE_UNREF> to force the reference count to be decremented
3090 (otherwise the decrementing is conditional on the reference count being
3091 different from one or the reference being a readonly SV).
3094 void sv_unref_flags(SV* sv, U32 flags)
3101 Upgrade an SV to a more complex form. Use C<SvUPGRADE>. See
3104 bool sv_upgrade(SV* sv, U32 mt)
3111 Tells an SV to use C<ptr> to find its string value. Normally the string is
3112 stored inside the SV but sv_usepvn allows the SV to use an outside string.
3113 The C<ptr> should point to memory that was allocated by C<malloc>. The
3114 string length, C<len>, must be supplied. This function will realloc the
3115 memory pointed to by C<ptr>, so that pointer should not be freed or used by
3116 the programmer after giving it to sv_usepvn. Does not handle 'set' magic.
3117 See C<sv_usepvn_mg>.
3119 void sv_usepvn(SV* sv, char* ptr, STRLEN len)
3126 Like C<sv_usepvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.
3128 void sv_usepvn_mg(SV *sv, char *ptr, STRLEN len)
3133 =item sv_utf8_downgrade
3135 Attempt to convert the PV of an SV from UTF8-encoded to byte encoding.
3136 This may not be possible if the PV contains non-byte encoding characters;
3137 if this is the case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
3140 NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
3141 removed without notice.
3143 bool sv_utf8_downgrade(SV *sv, bool fail_ok)
3148 =item sv_utf8_encode
3150 Convert the PV of an SV to UTF8-encoded, but then turn off the C<SvUTF8>
3151 flag so that it looks like bytes again. Nothing calls this.
3153 NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
3154 removed without notice.
3156 void sv_utf8_encode(SV *sv)
3161 =item sv_utf8_upgrade
3163 Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.
3165 void sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv)
3172 Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
3173 to an SV. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is
3174 missing (NULL). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via
3175 C<maybe_tainted> if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of
3178 void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
3185 Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
3188 void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)
3195 Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++
3196 XSUB. This is always the proper type for the C++ object. See C<CLASS> and
3197 L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.
3202 Found in file XSUB.h
3206 Converts the specified character to lowercase.
3208 char toLOWER(char ch)
3211 Found in file handy.h
3215 Converts the specified character to uppercase.
3217 char toUPPER(char ch)
3220 Found in file handy.h
3224 Returns the number of UTF8 characters between the UTF-8 pointers C<a>
3227 WARNING: use only if you *know* that the pointers point inside the
3230 IV utf8_distance(U8 *a, U8 *b)
3233 Found in file utf8.c
3237 Return the UTF-8 pointer C<s> displaced by C<off> characters, either
3238 forward or backward.
3240 WARNING: do not use the following unless you *know* C<off> is within
3241 the UTF-8 data pointed to by C<s> *and* that on entry C<s> is aligned
3242 on the first byte of character or just after the last byte of a character.
3244 U8* utf8_hop(U8 *s, I32 off)
3247 Found in file utf8.c
3251 Return the length of the UTF-8 char encoded string C<s> in characters.
3252 Stops at C<e> (inclusive). If C<e E<lt> s> or if the scan would end
3253 up past C<e>, croaks.
3255 STRLEN utf8_length(U8* s, U8 *e)
3258 Found in file utf8.c
3262 Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
3263 Unlike C<bytes_to_utf8>, this over-writes the original string, and
3264 updates len to contain the new length.
3265 Returns zero on failure, setting C<len> to -1.
3267 NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
3268 removed without notice.
3270 U8* utf8_to_bytes(U8 *s, STRLEN *len)
3273 Found in file utf8.c
3277 Returns the character value of the first character in the string C<s>
3278 which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding and no longer than C<curlen>;
3279 C<retlen> will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character.
3281 If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, the behaviour
3282 is dependent on the value of C<flags>: if it contains UTF8_CHECK_ONLY,
3283 it is assumed that the caller will raise a warning, and this function
3284 will silently just set C<retlen> to C<-1> and return zero. If the
3285 C<flags> does not contain UTF8_CHECK_ONLY, warnings about
3286 malformations will be given, C<retlen> will be set to the expected
3287 length of the UTF-8 character in bytes, and zero will be returned.
3289 The C<flags> can also contain various flags to allow deviations from
3290 the strict UTF-8 encoding (see F<utf8.h>).
3292 UV utf8_to_uv(U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN* retlen, U32 flags)
3295 Found in file utf8.c
3297 =item utf8_to_uv_simple
3299 Returns the character value of the first character in the string C<s>
3300 which is assumed to be in UTF8 encoding; C<retlen> will be set to the
3301 length, in bytes, of that character.
3303 If C<s> does not point to a well-formed UTF8 character, zero is
3304 returned and retlen is set, if possible, to -1.
3306 UV utf8_to_uv_simple(U8 *s, STRLEN* retlen)
3309 Found in file utf8.c
3313 Adds the UTF8 representation of the Unicode codepoint C<uv> to the end
3314 of the string C<d>; C<d> should be have at least C<UTF8_MAXLEN+1> free
3315 bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the
3316 end of the new character. In other words,
3318 d = uv_to_utf8(d, uv);
3320 is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
3324 U8* uv_to_utf8(U8 *d, UV uv)
3327 Found in file utf8.c
3331 This is the XSUB-writer's interface to Perl's C<warn> function. Use this
3332 function the same way you use the C C<printf> function. See
3335 void warn(const char* pat, ...)
3338 Found in file util.c
3342 Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
3343 'set' magic. See C<PUSHi>.
3352 Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles
3353 'set' magic. See C<PUSHn>.
3362 Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The C<len>
3363 indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. See
3366 void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len)
3373 Push an SV onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not
3374 handle 'set' magic. See C<PUSHs>.
3383 Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary.
3393 Macro to declare an XSUB and its C parameter list. This is handled by
3397 Found in file XSUB.h
3401 Return from XSUB, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually
3402 handled by C<xsubpp>.
3404 void XSRETURN(int nitems)
3407 Found in file XSUB.h
3409 =item XSRETURN_EMPTY
3411 Return an empty list from an XSUB immediately.
3416 Found in file XSUB.h
3420 Return an integer from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mIV>.
3422 void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv)
3425 Found in file XSUB.h
3429 Return C<&PL_sv_no> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNO>.
3434 Found in file XSUB.h
3438 Return an double from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mNV>.
3440 void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv)
3443 Found in file XSUB.h
3447 Return a copy of a string from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mPV>.
3449 void XSRETURN_PV(char* str)
3452 Found in file XSUB.h
3454 =item XSRETURN_UNDEF
3456 Return C<&PL_sv_undef> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mUNDEF>.
3461 Found in file XSUB.h
3465 Return C<&PL_sv_yes> from an XSUB immediately. Uses C<XST_mYES>.
3470 Found in file XSUB.h
3474 Place an integer into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The
3475 value is stored in a new mortal SV.
3477 void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv)
3480 Found in file XSUB.h
3484 Place C<&PL_sv_no> into the specified position C<pos> on the
3487 void XST_mNO(int pos)
3490 Found in file XSUB.h
3494 Place a double into the specified position C<pos> on the stack. The value
3495 is stored in a new mortal SV.
3497 void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv)
3500 Found in file XSUB.h
3504 Place a copy of a string into the specified position C<pos> on the stack.
3505 The value is stored in a new mortal SV.
3507 void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str)
3510 Found in file XSUB.h
3514 Place C<&PL_sv_undef> into the specified position C<pos> on the
3517 void XST_mUNDEF(int pos)
3520 Found in file XSUB.h
3524 Place C<&PL_sv_yes> into the specified position C<pos> on the
3527 void XST_mYES(int pos)
3530 Found in file XSUB.h
3534 The version identifier for an XS module. This is usually
3535 handled automatically by C<ExtUtils::MakeMaker>. See C<XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK>.
3538 Found in file XSUB.h
3540 =item XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
3542 Macro to verify that a PM module's $VERSION variable matches the XS
3543 module's C<XS_VERSION> variable. This is usually handled automatically by
3544 C<xsubpp>. See L<perlxs/"The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword">.
3546 XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK;
3549 Found in file XSUB.h
3553 The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
3554 destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
3556 void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type)
3559 Found in file handy.h
3565 Until May 1997, this document was maintained by Jeff Okamoto
3566 <okamoto@corp.hp.com>. It is now maintained as part of Perl itself.
3568 With lots of help and suggestions from Dean Roehrich, Malcolm Beattie,
3569 Andreas Koenig, Paul Hudson, Ilya Zakharevich, Paul Marquess, Neil
3570 Bowers, Matthew Green, Tim Bunce, Spider Boardman, Ulrich Pfeifer,
3571 Stephen McCamant, and Gurusamy Sarathy.
3573 API Listing originally by Dean Roehrich <roehrich@cray.com>.
3575 Updated to be autogenerated from comments in the source by Benjamin Stuhl.
3579 perlguts(1), perlxs(1), perlxstut(1), perlintern(1)
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