perly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
   4  *
   5  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   6  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   7  *
   8  */
   9
  10 /*
  11  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  12  * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  13  *
  14  * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
  15  * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
  16  * and perly.act which are derived from this.
  17  *
  18  * Note that these derived files are included and compiled twice; once
  19  * from perly.c, and once from madly.c. The second time, a number of MAD
  20  * macros are defined, which compile in extra code that allows the parse
  21  * tree to be accurately dumped. In particular:
  22  *
  23  * MAD            defined if compiling madly.c
  24  * DO_MAD(A)      expands to A  under madly.c, to null otherwise
  25  * IF_MAD(a,b)    expands to A under madly.c, to B otherwise
  26  * TOKEN_GETMAD() expands to token_getmad() under madly.c, to null otherwise
  27  * TOKEN_FREE()   similarly
  28  * OP_GETMAD()    similarly
  29  * IVAL(i)        expands to (i)->tk_lval.ival or (i)
  30  * PVAL(p)        expands to (p)->tk_lval.pval or (p)
  31  *
  32  * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
  33  * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
  34  * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
  35  */
  36
  37 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
  38
  39 %pure_parser
  40
  41 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important?  */
  42
  43 %start prog
  44
  45 %union {
  46     I32 ival;
  47     char *pval;
  48     OP *opval;
  49     GV *gvval;
  50 #ifdef PERL_IN_MADLY_C
  51     TOKEN* p_tkval;
  52     TOKEN* tkval;
  53 #else
  54     char *p_tkval;
  55     I32 tkval;
  56 #endif
  57 }
  58
  59 %token <tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*' '&' ';'
  60
  61 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF
  62 %token <opval> FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  63 %token <p_tkval> LABEL
  64 %token <tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  65 %token <tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  66 %token <tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
  67 %token <tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT
  68 %token <tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  69 %token <tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  70 %token <tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  71 %token <tkval> LOCAL MY MYSUB REQUIRE
  72 %token <tkval> COLONATTR
  73
  74 %type <ival> prog progstart remember mremember savescope
  75 %type <ival>  startsub startanonsub startformsub
  76 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
  77 %type <ival> mydefsv mintro
  78
  79 %type <opval> decl format subrout mysubrout package use peg
  80
  81 %type <opval> block mblock lineseq line loop cond else
  82 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
  83 %type <opval> argexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
  84 %type <opval> listexpr listexprcom indirob listop method
  85 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar
  86 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
  87 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
  88 %type <opval> switch case
  89 %type <p_tkval> label
  90
  91 %nonassoc <tkval> PREC_LOW
  92 %nonassoc LOOPEX
  93
  94 %left <tkval> OROP DOROP
  95 %left <tkval> ANDOP
  96 %right <tkval> NOTOP
  97 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
  98 %left <tkval> ','
  99 %right <tkval> ASSIGNOP
 100 %right <tkval> '?' ':'
 101 %nonassoc DOTDOT
 102 %left <tkval> OROR DORDOR
 103 %left <tkval> ANDAND
 104 %left <tkval> BITOROP
 105 %left <tkval> BITANDOP
 106 %nonassoc EQOP
 107 %nonassoc RELOP
 108 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
 109 %nonassoc REQUIRE
 110 %left <tkval> SHIFTOP
 111 %left ADDOP
 112 %left MULOP
 113 %left <tkval> MATCHOP
 114 %right <tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
 115 %right <tkval> POWOP
 116 %nonassoc <tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
 117 %left <tkval> ARROW
 118 %nonassoc <tkval> ')'
 119 %left <tkval> '('
 120 %left '[' '{'
 121
 122 %token <tkval> PEG
 123
 124 %% /* RULES */
 125
 126 /* The whole program */
 127 prog    :       progstart
 128         /*CONTINUED*/   lineseq
 129                         { $$ = $1; newPROG(block_end($1,$2)); }
 130         ;
 131
 132 /* An ordinary block */
 133 block   :       '{' remember lineseq '}'
 134                         { if (PL_copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 135                               PL_copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 136                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 137                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 138                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 139                         }
 140         ;
 141
 142 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
 143                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 144         ;
 145
 146 mydefsv:        /* NULL */      /* lexicalize $_ */
 147                         { $$ = (I32) allocmy("$_"); }
 148         ;
 149
 150 progstart:
 151                 {
 152                     PL_expect = XSTATE; $$ = block_start(TRUE);
 153                 }
 154         ;
 155
 156
 157 mblock  :       '{' mremember lineseq '}'
 158                         { if (PL_copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 159                               PL_copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 160                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 161                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 162                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 163                         }
 164         ;
 165
 166 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 167                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 168         ;
 169
 170 savescope:      /* NULL */      /* remember stack pos in case of error */
 171                 { $$ = PL_savestack_ix; }
 172
 173 /* A collection of "lines" in the program */
 174 lineseq :       /* NULL */
 175                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 176         |       lineseq decl
 177                         {
 178                         $$ = IF_MAD(
 179                                 append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 180                                     (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2),
 181                                 $1);
 182                         }
 183         |       lineseq savescope line
 184                         {   LEAVE_SCOPE($2);
 185                             $$ = append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 186                                 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$3);
 187                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 188                             if ($1 && $3) PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
 189         ;
 190
 191 /* A "line" in the program */
 192 line    :       label cond
 193                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 194                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 195         |       loop    /* loops add their own labels */
 196         |       switch  /* ... and so do switches */
 197                         { $$ = $1; }
 198         |       label case
 199                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2); }
 200         |       label ';'
 201                         {
 202                           if (PVAL($1)) {
 203                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), newOP(OP_NULL, 0));
 204                               TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'L');
 205                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,';');
 206                           }
 207                           else {
 208                               $$ = IF_MAD(
 209                                         newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 210                                         Nullop);
 211                               PL_copline = NOLINE;
 212                               TOKEN_FREE($1);
 213                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
 214                           }
 215                           PL_expect = XSTATE;
 216                         }
 217         |       label sideff ';'
 218                         {
 219                           $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 220                           PL_expect = XSTATE;
 221                           DO_MAD(
 222                               /* sideff might already have a nexstate */
 223                               OP* op = ((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first;
 224                               if (op) {
 225                                   while (op->op_sibling &&
 226                                      op->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE)
 227                                         op = op->op_sibling;
 228                                   token_getmad($1,op,'L');
 229                                   token_getmad($3,op,';');
 230                               }
 231                           )
 232                         }
 233         ;
 234
 235 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 236 sideff  :       error
 237                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 238         |       expr
 239                         { $$ = $1; }
 240         |       expr IF expr
 241                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
 242                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 243                         }
 244         |       expr UNLESS expr
 245                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
 246                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 247                         }
 248         |       expr WHILE expr
 249                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
 250                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 251                         }
 252         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 253                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
 254                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 255                         }
 256         |       expr FOR expr
 257                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, Nullch, (line_t)IVAL($2),
 258                                         Nullop, $3, $1, Nullop);
 259                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first->op_sibling,'w');
 260                         }
 261         ;
 262
 263 /* else and elsif blocks */
 264 else    :       /* NULL */
 265                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 266         |       ELSE mblock
 267                         { ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; $$ = scope($2);
 268                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 269                         }
 270         |       ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
 271                         { PL_copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 272                             $$ = newCONDOP(0, $3, scope($5), $6);
 273                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 274                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 275                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 276                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 277                         }
 278         ;
 279
 280 /* Real conditional expressions */
 281 cond    :       IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 282                         { PL_copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 283                             $$ = block_end($3,
 284                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 285                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 286                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 287                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 288                         }
 289         |       UNLESS '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 290                         { PL_copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 291                             $$ = block_end($3,
 292                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 293                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 294                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 295                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 296                         }
 297         ;
 298
 299 /* Cases for a switch statement */
 300 case    :       WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
 301         { $$ = block_end($3,
 302                 newWHENOP($4, scope($6))); }
 303         |       DEFAULT block
 304         { $$ = newWHENOP(0, scope($2)); }
 305         ;
 306
 307 /* Continue blocks */
 308 cont    :       /* NULL */
 309                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 310         |       CONTINUE block
 311                         { $$ = scope($2);
 312                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 313                         }
 314         ;
 315
 316 /* Loops: while, until, for, and a bare block */
 317 loop    :       label WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 318                         { OP *innerop;
 319                           PL_copline = (line_t)$2;
 320                             $$ = block_end($4,
 321                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 322                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 323                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 324                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 325                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 326                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 327                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 328                         }
 329
 330         |       label UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 331                         { OP *innerop;
 332                           PL_copline = (line_t)$2;
 333                             $$ = block_end($4,
 334                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 335                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 336                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 337                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 338                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 339                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 340                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 341                         }
 342         |       label FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
 343                         { OP *innerop;
 344                           $$ = block_end($4,
 345                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 346                                             $5, $7, $9, $10));
 347                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 348                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 349                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'d');
 350                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 351                           TOKEN_GETMAD($8,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 352                         }
 353         |       label FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 354                         { OP *innerop;
 355                           $$ = block_end($5,
 356                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 357                                     mod($3, OP_ENTERLOOP), $6, $8, $9));
 358                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 359                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 360                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 361                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 362                         }
 363         |       label FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 364                         { OP *innerop;
 365                           $$ = block_end($4,
 366                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 367                                                     Nullop, $5, $7, $8));
 368                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 369                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 370                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 371                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 372                         }
 373         |       label FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
 374                     mblock
 375                         /* basically fake up an initialize-while lineseq */
 376                         { OP *forop;
 377                           PL_copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 378                           forop = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 379                                             newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 380                                                 IVAL($2), scalar($7),
 381                                                 $12, $10, $9));
 382 #ifdef MAD
 383                           if (!$5)
 384                                 $5 = newOP(OP_NULL, 0);
 385                           forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 386                                 newSTATEOP(0,
 387                                            (($1)->tk_lval.pval
 388                                            ?savepv(($1)->tk_lval.pval):Nullch),
 389                                            $5),
 390                                 forop));
 391
 392                           token_getmad($2,forop,'3');
 393                           token_getmad($3,forop,'(');
 394                           token_getmad($6,forop,'1');
 395                           token_getmad($8,forop,'2');
 396                           token_getmad($11,forop,')');
 397                           token_getmad($1,forop,'L');
 398 #else
 399                           if ($5) {
 400                                 forop = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 401                                         newSTATEOP(0, ($1?savepv($1):Nullch),
 402                                                    $5),
 403                                         forop);
 404                           }
 405
 406
 407 #endif
 408                           $$ = block_end($4, forop); }
 409         |       label block cont  /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 410                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 411                                  newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 412                                             NOLINE, Nullop, $2, $3, 0));
 413                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 414         ;
 415
 416 /* Switch blocks */
 417 switch  :       label GIVEN '(' remember mydefsv mexpr ')' mblock
 418                         { PL_copline = (line_t) $2;
 419                             $$ = block_end($4,
 420                                 newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 421                                     newGIVENOP($6, scope($8),
 422                                         (PADOFFSET) $5) )); }
 423         ;
 424
 425 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
 426 mintro  :       /* NULL */
 427                         { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
 428                             PL_max_intro_pending >=  PL_min_intro_pending);
 429                           intro_my(); }
 430
 431 /* Normal expression */
 432 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 433                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 434         |       sideff
 435         ;
 436
 437 /* Boolean expression */
 438 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 439                         { YYSTYPE tmplval;
 440                           (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
 441                           $$ = tmplval.opval; }
 442         |       expr
 443         ;
 444
 445 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 446 iexpr   :       expr
 447                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 448         ;
 449
 450 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 451 mexpr   :       expr
 452                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 453         ;
 454
 455 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 456                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 457         ;
 458
 459 miexpr  :       iexpr
 460                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 461         ;
 462
 463 /* Optional "MAIN:"-style loop labels */
 464 label   :       /* empty */
 465                         {
 466 #ifdef MAD
 467                           YYSTYPE tmplval;
 468                           tmplval.pval = Nullch;
 469                           $$ = newTOKEN(OP_NULL, tmplval, 0);
 470 #else
 471                           $$ = Nullch;
 472 #endif
 473                         }
 474         |       LABEL
 475         ;
 476
 477 /* Some kind of declaration - just hang on peg in the parse tree */
 478 decl    :       format
 479                         { $$ = $1; }
 480         |       subrout
 481                         { $$ = $1; }
 482         |       mysubrout
 483                         { $$ = $1; }
 484         |       package
 485                         { $$ = $1; }
 486         |       use
 487                         { $$ = $1; }
 488
 489     /* these two are only used by MAD */
 490
 491         |       peg
 492                         { $$ = $1; }
 493         ;
 494
 495 peg     :       PEG
 496                         { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 497                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'p');
 498                         }
 499         ;
 500
 501 format  :       FORMAT startformsub formname block
 502                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 503 #ifdef MAD
 504                           $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 505                           prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
 506                           $1->tk_mad = 0;
 507                           token_free($1);
 508 #else
 509                           newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 510 #endif
 511                         }
 512         ;
 513
 514 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 515         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = Nullop; }
 516         ;
 517
 518 /* Unimplemented "my sub foo { }" */
 519 mysubrout:      MYSUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 520                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 521 #ifdef MAD
 522                           $$ = newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 523                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 524 #else
 525                           newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 526 #endif
 527                         }
 528         ;
 529
 530 /* Subroutine definition */
 531 subrout :       SUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 532                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 533 #ifdef MAD
 534                           OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
 535                             (SV*)newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6));
 536                           $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 537                           op_getmad(o,$$,'&');
 538                           op_getmad($3,$$,'n');
 539                           op_getmad($4,$$,'s');
 540                           op_getmad($5,$$,'a');
 541                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 542                           append_madprops($6->op_madprop, $$, 0);
 543                           $6->op_madprop = 0;
 544 #else
 545                           newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 546                           $$ = Nullop;
 547 #endif
 548                         }
 549         ;
 550
 551 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 552                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
 553                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 554
 555         ;
 556
 557 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 558                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
 559                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 560         ;
 561
 562 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 563                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
 564                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 565         ;
 566
 567 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
 568 subname :       WORD    { const char *const name = SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv);
 569                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 570                               || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
 571                               || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
 572                               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
 573                           $$ = $1; }
 574         ;
 575
 576 /* Subroutine prototype */
 577 proto   :       /* NULL */
 578                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 579         |       THING
 580         ;
 581
 582 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 583 subattrlist:    /* NULL */
 584                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 585         |       COLONATTR THING
 586                         { $$ = $2;
 587                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 588                         }
 589         |       COLONATTR
 590                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 591                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 592                                     Nullop
 593                                 );
 594                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 595                         }
 596         ;
 597
 598 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 599 myattrlist:     COLONATTR THING
 600                         { $$ = $2;
 601                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 602                         }
 603         |       COLONATTR
 604                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 605                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 606                                     Nullop
 607                                 );
 608                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 609                         }
 610         ;
 611
 612 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
 613 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 614         |       ';'     { $$ = IF_MAD(
 615                                     newOP(OP_NULL,0),
 616                                     Nullop
 617                                 );
 618                           PL_expect = XSTATE;
 619                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 620                         }
 621         ;
 622
 623 package :       PACKAGE WORD ';'
 624                         {
 625 #ifdef MAD
 626                           $$ = package($2);
 627                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 628                           token_getmad($3,$$,';');
 629 #else
 630                           package($2);
 631 #endif
 632                         }
 633         ;
 634
 635 use     :       USE startsub
 636                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 637                     WORD WORD listexpr ';'
 638                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 639 #ifdef MAD
 640                           $$ = utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 641                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 642                           token_getmad($7,$$,';');
 643                           if (PL_rsfp_filters && AvFILLp(PL_rsfp_filters) >= 0)
 644                               append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_PV, "", 0), $$, 0);
 645 #else
 646                           utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 647 #endif
 648                         }
 649         ;
 650
 651 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
 652 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 653                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 654                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 655                         }
 656         |       expr OROP expr
 657                         { $$ = newLOGOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, $3);
 658                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 659                         }
 660         |       expr DOROP expr
 661                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 662                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 663                         }
 664         |       argexpr %prec PREC_LOW
 665         ;
 666
 667 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
 668 argexpr :       argexpr ','
 669                         {
 670 #ifdef MAD
 671                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
 672                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
 673                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 674 #else
 675                           $$ = $1;
 676 #endif
 677                         }
 678         |       argexpr ',' term
 679                         {
 680                           DO_MAD(
 681                               $3 = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $3);
 682                               token_getmad($2,$3,',');
 683                           )
 684                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, $3);
 685                         }
 686         |       term %prec PREC_LOW
 687         ;
 688
 689 /* List operators */
 690 listop  :       LSTOP indirob argexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
 691                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 692                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$2), $3) );
 693                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 694                         }
 695         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
 696                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 697                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$3), $4) );
 698                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 699                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 700                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 701                         }
 702         |       term ARROW method '(' listexprcom ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
 703                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 704                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 705                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 706                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 707                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 708                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'(');
 709                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 710                         }
 711         |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
 712                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 713                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
 714                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 715                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 716                         }
 717         |       METHOD indirob listexpr              /* new Class @args */
 718                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 719                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 720                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 721                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 722                         }
 723         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' listexprcom ')' /* method $object (@args) */
 724                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 725                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 726                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 727                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 728                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 729                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 730                         }
 731         |       LSTOP listexpr                       /* print @args */
 732                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
 733                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 734                         }
 735         |       FUNC '(' listexprcom ')'             /* print (@args) */
 736                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
 737                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 738                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 739                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 740                         }
 741         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@);   f { foo } ... */
 742                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 743                           $3 = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, Nullop, $3); }
 744                     listexpr            %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
 745                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 746                                  append_elem(OP_LIST,
 747                                    prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $3, $5), $1));
 748                         }
 749         ;
 750
 751 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
 752 method  :       METHOD
 753         |       scalar
 754         ;
 755
 756 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
 757 subscripted:    star '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
 758                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
 759                          * provided by the tokeniser */
 760                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 761                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
 762                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 763                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 764                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 765                         }
 766         |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
 767                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
 768                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 769                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 770                         }
 771         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
 772                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 773                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 774                                         scalar($4));
 775                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 776                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 777                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 778                         }
 779         |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
 780                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 781                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 782                                         scalar($3));
 783                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 784                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 785                         }
 786         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo->{bar();} */
 787                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 788                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
 789                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 790                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 791                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 792                         }
 793         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
 794                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 795                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 796                                         jmaybe($4));
 797                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
 798                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 799                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'{');
 800                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,';');
 801                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,'}');
 802                         }
 803         |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
 804                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 805                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 806                                         jmaybe($3));
 807                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
 808                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 809                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 810                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 811                         }
 812         |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
 813                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 814                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 815                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 816                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 817                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 818                         }
 819         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
 820                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 821                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 822                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 823                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 824                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 825                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 826                         }
 827
 828         |       subscripted '(' expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
 829                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 830                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
 831                                                newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 832                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 833                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 834                         }
 835         |       subscripted '(' ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
 836                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 837                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 838                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 839                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 840                         }
 841         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
 842                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
 843                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 844                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 845                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'[');
 846                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,']');
 847                         }
 848         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
 849                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, Nullop);
 850                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 851                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
 852                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 853                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 854                         }
 855     ;
 856
 857 /* Binary operators between terms */
 858 termbinop:      term ASSIGNOP term                     /* $x = $y */
 859                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, IVAL($2), $3);
 860                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 861                         }
 862         |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
 863                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 864                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 865                         }
 866         |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
 867                         {   if (IVAL($2) != OP_REPEAT)
 868                                 scalar($1);
 869                             $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, scalar($3));
 870                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 871                         }
 872         |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
 873                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 874                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 875                         }
 876         |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
 877                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 878                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 879                         }
 880         |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
 881                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 882                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 883                         }
 884         |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
 885                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 886                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 887                         }
 888         |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
 889                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 890                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 891                         }
 892         |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
 893                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 894                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 895                         }
 896         |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
 897                         {
 898                           $$ = newRANGE(IVAL($2), scalar($1), scalar($3));
 899                           DO_MAD(
 900                               UNOP *op;
 901                               op = (UNOP*)$$;
 902                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flop */
 903                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flip */
 904                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to range */
 905                               token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
 906                             )
 907                         }
 908         |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
 909                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 910                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 911                         }
 912         |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
 913                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
 914                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 915                         }
 916         |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
 917                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 918                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 919                         }
 920         |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
 921                         { $$ = bind_match(IVAL($2), $1, $3);
 922                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,
 923                                 ($$->op_type == OP_NOT
 924                                     ? ((UNOP*)$$)->op_first : $$),
 925                                 '~');
 926                         }
 927     ;
 928
 929 /* Unary operators and terms */
 930 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
 931                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
 932                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 933                         }
 934         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
 935                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 936                                     newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2),
 937                                     $2
 938                                 );
 939                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'+');
 940                         }
 941         |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
 942                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
 943                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 944                         }
 945         |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
 946                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
 947                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 948                         }
 949         |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
 950                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
 951                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
 952                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 953                         }
 954         |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
 955                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
 956                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
 957                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 958                         }
 959         |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
 960                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
 961                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
 962                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 963                         }
 964         |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
 965                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
 966                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
 967                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 968                         }
 969
 970     ;
 971
 972 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
 973 anonymous:      '[' expr ']'
 974                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
 975                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
 976                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,']');
 977                         }
 978         |       '[' ']'
 979                         { $$ = newANONLIST(Nullop);
 980                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
 981                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,']');
 982                         }
 983         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
 984                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
 985                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 986                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,';');
 987                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 988                         }
 989         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
 990                         { $$ = newANONHASH(Nullop);
 991                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 992                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
 993                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'}');
 994                         }
 995         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block    %prec '('
 996                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 997                           $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
 998                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 999                           OP_GETMAD($3,$$,'s');
1000                           OP_GETMAD($4,$$,'a');
1001                         }
1002
1003     ;
1004
1005 /* Things called with "do" */
1006 termdo  :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
1007                         { $$ = dofile($2, $1);
1008                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1009                         }
1010         |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
1011                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, scope($2));
1012                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'D');
1013                         }
1014         |       DO WORD '(' ')'                         /* do somesub() */
1015                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1016                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1017                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1018                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1019                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1020                                     scalar($2)
1021                                 )),Nullop)); dep();
1022                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1023                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1024                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1025                         }
1026         |       DO WORD '(' expr ')'                    /* do somesub(@args) */
1027                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1028                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1029                             append_elem(OP_LIST,
1030                                 $4,
1031                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1032                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1033                                     scalar($2)
1034                                 )))); dep();
1035                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1036                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1037                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1038                         }
1039         |       DO scalar '(' ')'                      /* do $subref () */
1040                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1041                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1042                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), Nullop)); dep();
1043                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1044                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1045                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1046                         }
1047         |       DO scalar '(' expr ')'                 /* do $subref (@args) */
1048                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1049                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1050                                 $4,
1051                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
1052                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1053                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1054                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1055                         }
1056
1057         ;
1058
1059 term    :       termbinop
1060         |       termunop
1061         |       anonymous
1062         |       termdo
1063         |       term '?' term ':' term
1064                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
1065                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'?');
1066                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,':');
1067                         }
1068         |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1069                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, mod($2,OP_REFGEN));
1070                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1071                         }
1072         |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
1073                         { $$ = $1; }
1074         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
1075                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1076                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1077                         }
1078         |       '(' expr ')'
1079                         { $$ = sawparens(IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2), $2));
1080                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1081                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1082                         }
1083         |       '(' ')'
1084                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1085                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1086                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1087                         }
1088         |       scalar  %prec '('
1089                         { $$ = $1; }
1090         |       star    %prec '('
1091                         { $$ = $1; }
1092         |       hsh     %prec '('
1093                         { $$ = $1; }
1094         |       ary     %prec '('
1095                         { $$ = $1; }
1096         |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1097                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1098         |       subscripted
1099                         { $$ = $1; }
1100         |       ary '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
1101                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1102                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1103                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1104                                         list($3),
1105                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1106                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1107                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1108                         }
1109         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
1110                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1111                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1112                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1113                                         list($3),
1114                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1115                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
1116                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1117                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1118                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1119                         }
1120         |       THING   %prec '('
1121                         { $$ = $1; }
1122         |       amper                                /* &foo; */
1123                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1124         |       amper '(' ')'                        /* &foo() */
1125                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1126                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1127                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1128                         }
1129         |       amper '(' expr ')'                   /* &foo(@args) */
1130                         {
1131                           $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1132                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1133                           DO_MAD(
1134                               OP* op = $$;
1135                               if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1136                                 op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1137                               }
1138                               token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1139                               token_getmad($4,op,')');
1140                           )
1141                         }
1142         |       NOAMP WORD listexpr                  /* foo(@args) */
1143                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1144                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1145                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1146                         }
1147         |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1148                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1149                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1150                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1151                         }
1152         |       LOOPEX term
1153                         { $$ = newLOOPEX(IVAL($1),$2);
1154                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1155                         }
1156         |       NOTOP argexpr                        /* not $foo */
1157                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1158                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1159                         }
1160         |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1161                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1162                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1163                         }
1164         |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }* */
1165                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1166                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1167                         }
1168         |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
1169                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1170                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1171                         }
1172         |       REQUIRE                              /* require, $_ implied *//* FIMXE for MAD needed? */
1173                         { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0); }
1174         |       REQUIRE term                         /* require Foo *//* FIMXE for MAD needed? */
1175                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2); }
1176         |       UNIOPSUB
1177                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1178         |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
1179                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1180                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1181         |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
1182                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1183                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1184                         }
1185         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
1186                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1187                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1188                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1189                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1190                         }
1191         |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
1192                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1193                                 scalar($1)); }
1194         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
1195                         { $$ = (IVAL($1) == OP_NOT)
1196                             ? newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1197                             : newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1198
1199                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1200                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1201                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1202                         }
1203         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
1204                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
1205                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1206                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1207                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1208                         }
1209         |       PMFUNC '(' argexpr ')'          /* m//, s///, tr/// */
1210                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, 1);
1211                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1212                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1213                         }
1214         |       WORD
1215         |       listop
1216         ;
1217
1218 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1219 myattrterm:     MY myterm myattrlist
1220                         { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1221                           DO_MAD(
1222                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1223                               append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1224                               $3->op_madprop = 0;
1225                           )
1226                         }
1227         |       MY myterm
1228                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1229                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1230                         }
1231         ;
1232
1233 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1234 myterm  :       '(' expr ')'
1235                         { $$ = sawparens($2);
1236                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1237                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1238                         }
1239         |       '(' ')'
1240                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1241                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1242                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1243                         }
1244         |       scalar  %prec '('
1245                         { $$ = $1; }
1246         |       hsh     %prec '('
1247                         { $$ = $1; }
1248         |       ary     %prec '('
1249                         { $$ = $1; }
1250         ;
1251
1252 /* Basic list expressions */
1253 listexpr:       /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1254                         { $$ = Nullop; }
1255         |       argexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
1256                         { $$ = $1; }
1257         ;
1258
1259 listexprcom:    /* NULL */
1260                         { $$ = Nullop; }
1261         |       expr
1262                         { $$ = $1; }
1263         |       expr ','
1264                         {
1265 #ifdef MAD
1266                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
1267                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
1268                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
1269 #else
1270                           $$ = $1;
1271 #endif
1272
1273                         }
1274         ;
1275
1276 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1277    lexical */
1278 my_scalar:      scalar
1279                         { PL_in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1280         ;
1281
1282 amper   :       '&' indirob
1283                         { $$ = newCVREF(IVAL($1),$2);
1284                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'&');
1285                         }
1286         ;
1287
1288 scalar  :       '$' indirob
1289                         { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1290                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'$');
1291                         }
1292         ;
1293
1294 ary     :       '@' indirob
1295                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1296                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'@');
1297                         }
1298         ;
1299
1300 hsh     :       '%' indirob
1301                         { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1302                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'%');
1303                         }
1304         ;
1305
1306 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
1307                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1308                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'l');
1309                         }
1310         ;
1311
1312 star    :       '*' indirob
1313                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1314                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'*');
1315                         }
1316         ;
1317
1318 /* Indirect objects */
1319 indirob :       WORD
1320                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1321         |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1322                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1323         |       block
1324                         { $$ = scope($1); }
1325
1326         |       PRIVATEREF
1327                         { $$ = $1; }
1328         ;