perly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004 Larry Wall
   4  *
   5  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   6  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   7  *
   8  */
   9
  10 /*
  11  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  12  * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  13  */
  14
  15 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
  16
  17 %pure_parser
  18
  19 %start prog
  20
  21 %union {
  22     I32 ival;
  23     char *pval;
  24     OP *opval;
  25     GV *gvval;
  26 }
  27
  28 %token <ival> '{'
  29
  30 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF
  31 %token <opval> FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  32 %token <pval> LABEL
  33 %token <ival> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  34 %token <ival> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  35 %token <ival> LOOPEX DOTDOT
  36 %token <ival> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  37 %token <ival> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  38 %token <ival> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  39 %token <ival> LOCAL MY MYSUB
  40 %token COLONATTR
  41
  42 %type <ival> prog decl format startsub startanonsub startformsub
  43 %type <ival> progstart remember mremember '&'
  44 %type <opval> block mblock lineseq line loop cond else
  45 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
  46 %type <opval> argexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr mtexpr miexpr
  47 %type <opval> listexpr listexprcom indirob listop method
  48 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar
  49 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist mysubrout myattrterm myterm
  50 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
  51 %type <pval> label
  52
  53 %nonassoc PREC_LOW
  54 %nonassoc LOOPEX
  55
  56 %left <ival> OROP DOROP
  57 %left ANDOP
  58 %right NOTOP
  59 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
  60 %left ','
  61 %right <ival> ASSIGNOP
  62 %right '?' ':'
  63 %nonassoc DOTDOT
  64 %left OROR DORDOR
  65 %left ANDAND
  66 %left <ival> BITOROP
  67 %left <ival> BITANDOP
  68 %nonassoc EQOP
  69 %nonassoc RELOP
  70 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
  71 %left <ival> SHIFTOP
  72 %left ADDOP
  73 %left MULOP
  74 %left <ival> MATCHOP
  75 %right '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
  76 %right <ival> POWOP
  77 %nonassoc PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
  78 %left ARROW
  79 %nonassoc <ival> ')'
  80 %left '('
  81 %left '[' '{'
  82
  83 %% /* RULES */
  84
  85 /* The whole program */
  86 prog    :       progstart
  87         /*CONTINUED*/   lineseq
  88                         { $$ = $1; newPROG(block_end($1,$2)); }
  89         ;
  90
  91 /* An ordinary block */
  92 block   :       '{' remember lineseq '}'
  93                         { if (PL_copline > (line_t)$1)
  94                               PL_copline = (line_t)$1;
  95                           $$ = block_end($2, $3); }
  96         ;
  97
  98 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
  99                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 100         ;
 101
 102 progstart:
 103                 {
 104                     PL_expect = XSTATE; $$ = block_start(TRUE);
 105                 }
 106         ;
 107
 108
 109 mblock  :       '{' mremember lineseq '}'
 110                         { if (PL_copline > (line_t)$1)
 111                               PL_copline = (line_t)$1;
 112                           $$ = block_end($2, $3); }
 113         ;
 114
 115 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 116                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 117         ;
 118
 119 /* A collection of "lines" in the program */
 120 lineseq :       /* NULL */
 121                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 122         |       lineseq decl
 123                         { $$ = $1; }
 124         |       lineseq line
 125                         {   $$ = append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 126                                 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2);
 127                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 128                             if ($1 && $2) PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
 129         ;
 130
 131 /* A "line" in the program */
 132 line    :       label cond
 133                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1, $2); }
 134         |       loop    /* loops add their own labels */
 135         |       label ';'
 136                         { if ($1 != Nullch) {
 137                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1, newOP(OP_NULL, 0));
 138                             }
 139                             else {
 140                               $$ = Nullop;
 141                               PL_copline = NOLINE;
 142                             }
 143                             PL_expect = XSTATE; }
 144         |       label sideff ';'
 145                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1, $2);
 146                           PL_expect = XSTATE; }
 147         ;
 148
 149 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 150 sideff  :       error
 151                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 152         |       expr
 153                         { $$ = $1; }
 154         |       expr IF expr
 155                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1); }
 156         |       expr UNLESS expr
 157                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1); }
 158         |       expr WHILE expr
 159                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1); }
 160         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 161                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);}
 162         |       expr FOR expr
 163                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, Nullch, (line_t)$2,
 164                                         Nullop, $3, $1, Nullop); }
 165         ;
 166
 167 /* else and elsif blocks */
 168 else    :       /* NULL */
 169                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 170         |       ELSE mblock
 171                         { ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; $$ = scope($2); }
 172         |       ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
 173                         { PL_copline = (line_t)$1;
 174                             $$ = newCONDOP(0, $3, scope($5), $6);
 175                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
 176         ;
 177
 178 /* Real conditional expressions */
 179 cond    :       IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 180                         { PL_copline = (line_t)$1;
 181                             $$ = block_end($3,
 182                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7)); }
 183         |       UNLESS '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 184                         { PL_copline = (line_t)$1;
 185                             $$ = block_end($3,
 186                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7)); }
 187         ;
 188
 189 /* Continue blocks */
 190 cont    :       /* NULL */
 191                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 192         |       CONTINUE block
 193                         { $$ = scope($2); }
 194         ;
 195
 196 /* Loops: while, until, for, and a bare block */
 197 loop    :       label WHILE '(' remember mtexpr ')' mblock cont
 198                         { PL_copline = (line_t)$2;
 199                             $$ = block_end($4,
 200                                    newSTATEOP(0, $1,
 201                                      newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 202                                                 $2, $5, $7, $8))); }
 203         |       label UNTIL '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock cont
 204                         { PL_copline = (line_t)$2;
 205                             $$ = block_end($4,
 206                                    newSTATEOP(0, $1,
 207                                      newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 208                                                 $2, $5, $7, $8))); }
 209         |       label FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
 210                         { $$ = block_end($4,
 211                                  newFOROP(0, $1, (line_t)$2, $5, $7, $9, $10)); }
 212         |       label FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 213                         { $$ = block_end($5,
 214                                  newFOROP(0, $1, (line_t)$2, mod($3, OP_ENTERLOOP),
 215                                           $6, $8, $9)); }
 216         |       label FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 217                         { $$ = block_end($4,
 218                                  newFOROP(0, $1, (line_t)$2, Nullop, $5, $7, $8)); }
 219         |       label FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';' mtexpr ';' mnexpr ')' mblock
 220                         /* basically fake up an initialize-while lineseq */
 221                         { OP *forop;
 222                           PL_copline = (line_t)$2;
 223                           forop = newSTATEOP(0, $1,
 224                                             newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 225                                                 $2, scalar($7),
 226                                                 $11, $9));
 227                           if ($5) {
 228                                 forop = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 229                                         newSTATEOP(0, ($1?savepv($1):Nullch),
 230                                                    $5),
 231                                         forop);
 232                           }
 233
 234                           $$ = block_end($4, forop); }
 235         |       label block cont  /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 236                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1,
 237                                  newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 238                                             NOLINE, Nullop, $2, $3)); }
 239         ;
 240
 241 /* Normal expression */
 242 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 243                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 244         |       sideff
 245         ;
 246
 247 /* Boolean expression */
 248 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 249                         { (void)scan_num("1", &yylval); $$ = yylval.opval; }
 250         |       expr
 251         ;
 252
 253 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 254 iexpr   :       expr
 255                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 256         ;
 257
 258 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 259 mexpr   :       expr
 260                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 261         ;
 262
 263 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 264                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 265         ;
 266
 267 mtexpr  :       texpr
 268                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 269         ;
 270
 271 miexpr  :       iexpr
 272                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 273         ;
 274
 275 /* Optional "MAIN:"-style loop labels */
 276 label   :       /* empty */
 277                         { $$ = Nullch; }
 278         |       LABEL
 279         ;
 280
 281 /* Some kind of declaration - does not take part in the parse tree */
 282 decl    :       format
 283                         { $$ = 0; }
 284         |       subrout
 285                         { $$ = 0; }
 286         |       mysubrout
 287                         { $$ = 0; }
 288         |       package
 289                         { $$ = 0; }
 290         |       use
 291                         { $$ = 0; }
 292         ;
 293
 294 format  :       FORMAT startformsub formname block
 295                         { newFORM($2, $3, $4); }
 296         ;
 297
 298 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 299         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = Nullop; }
 300         ;
 301
 302 /* Unimplemented "my sub foo { }" */
 303 mysubrout:      MYSUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 304                         { newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6); }
 305         ;
 306
 307 /* Subroutine definition */
 308 subrout :       SUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 309                         { newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6); }
 310         ;
 311
 312 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 313                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0); }
 314         ;
 315
 316 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 317                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON); }
 318         ;
 319
 320 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 321                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0); }
 322         ;
 323
 324 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
 325 subname :       WORD    { STRLEN n_a; char *name = SvPV(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv,n_a);
 326                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 327                               || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK"))
 328                               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
 329                           $$ = $1; }
 330         ;
 331
 332 /* Subroutine prototype */
 333 proto   :       /* NULL */
 334                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 335         |       THING
 336         ;
 337
 338 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 339 subattrlist:    /* NULL */
 340                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 341         |       COLONATTR THING
 342                         { $$ = $2; }
 343         |       COLONATTR
 344                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 345         ;
 346
 347 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 348 myattrlist:     COLONATTR THING
 349                         { $$ = $2; }
 350         |       COLONATTR
 351                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 352         ;
 353
 354 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
 355 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 356         |       ';'     { $$ = Nullop; PL_expect = XSTATE; }
 357         ;
 358
 359 package :       PACKAGE WORD ';'
 360                         { package($2); }
 361         ;
 362
 363 use     :       USE startsub
 364                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 365                     WORD WORD listexpr ';'
 366                         { utilize($1, $2, $4, $5, $6); }
 367         ;
 368
 369 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
 370 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 371                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
 372         |       expr OROP expr
 373                         { $$ = newLOGOP($2, 0, $1, $3); }
 374         |       expr DOROP expr
 375                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3); }
 376         |       argexpr %prec PREC_LOW
 377         ;
 378
 379 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
 380 argexpr :       argexpr ','
 381                         { $$ = $1; }
 382         |       argexpr ',' term
 383                         { $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, $3); }
 384         |       term %prec PREC_LOW
 385         ;
 386
 387 /* List operators */
 388 listop  :       LSTOP indirob argexpr          /* print $fh @args */
 389                         { $$ = convert($1, OPf_STACKED,
 390                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$2), $3) ); }
 391         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
 392                         { $$ = convert($1, OPf_STACKED,
 393                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$3), $4) ); }
 394         |       term ARROW method '(' listexprcom ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
 395                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 396                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 397                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 398                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3))); }
 399         |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
 400                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 401                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
 402                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3))); }
 403         |       METHOD indirob listexpr              /* new Class @args */
 404                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 405                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 406                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 407                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1))); }
 408         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' listexprcom ')' /* method $object (@args) */
 409                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 410                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 411                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 412                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1))); }
 413         |       LSTOP listexpr                       /* print @args */
 414                         { $$ = convert($1, 0, $2); }
 415         |       FUNC '(' listexprcom ')'             /* print (@args) */
 416                         { $$ = convert($1, 0, $3); }
 417         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block          /* map { foo } ... */
 418                         { $3 = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, Nullop, $3); }
 419                     listexpr            %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
 420                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 421                                  append_elem(OP_LIST,
 422                                    prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $3, $5), $1)); }
 423         ;
 424
 425 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
 426 method  :       METHOD
 427         |       scalar
 428         ;
 429
 430 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
 431 subscripted:    star '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
 432                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
 433                          * provided by the tokeniser */
 434                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 435                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR; }
 436         |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
 437                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3)); }
 438         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
 439                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 440                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 441                                         scalar($4));}
 442         |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
 443                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 444                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 445                                         scalar($3));}
 446         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo->{bar();} */
 447                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 448                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR; }
 449         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
 450                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 451                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 452                                         jmaybe($4));
 453                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR; }
 454         |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
 455                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 456                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 457                                         jmaybe($3));
 458                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR; }
 459         |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
 460                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 461                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1))); }
 462         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
 463                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 464                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 465                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1)))); }
 466
 467         |       subscripted '(' expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
 468                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 469                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
 470                                                newCVREF(0, scalar($1)))); }
 471         |       subscripted '(' ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
 472                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 473                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1))); }
 474     ;
 475
 476 /* Binary operators between terms */
 477 termbinop       :       term ASSIGNOP term             /* $x = $y */
 478                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, $2, $3); }
 479         |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
 480                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 481         |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
 482                         {   if ($2 != OP_REPEAT)
 483                                 scalar($1);
 484                             $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, $1, scalar($3)); }
 485         |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
 486                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 487         |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
 488                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 489         |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
 490                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 491         |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
 492                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 493         |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
 494                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 495         |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
 496                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
 497         |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
 498                         { $$ = newRANGE($2, scalar($1), scalar($3));}
 499         |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
 500                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
 501         |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
 502                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3); }
 503         |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
 504                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3); }
 505         |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
 506                         { $$ = bind_match($2, $1, $3); }
 507     ;
 508
 509 /* Unary operators and terms */
 510 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
 511                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2)); }
 512         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
 513                         { $$ = $2; }
 514         |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
 515                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
 516         |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
 517                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));}
 518         |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
 519                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
 520                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC)); }
 521         |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
 522                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
 523                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC)); }
 524         |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
 525                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
 526                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREINC)); }
 527         |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
 528                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
 529                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC)); }
 530
 531     ;
 532
 533 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
 534 anonymous:      '[' expr ']'
 535                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2); }
 536         |       '[' ']'
 537                         { $$ = newANONLIST(Nullop); }
 538         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
 539                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2); }
 540         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
 541                         { $$ = newANONHASH(Nullop); }
 542         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block    %prec '('
 543                         { $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5); }
 544
 545     ;
 546
 547 /* Things called with "do" */
 548 termdo  :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
 549                         { $$ = dofile($2); }
 550         |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
 551                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, scope($2)); }
 552         |       DO WORD '(' ')'                         /* do somesub() */
 553                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
 554                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
 555                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
 556                                 scalar(newCVREF(
 557                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
 558                                     scalar($2)
 559                                 )),Nullop)); dep();}
 560         |       DO WORD '(' expr ')'                    /* do somesub(@args) */
 561                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
 562                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
 563                             append_elem(OP_LIST,
 564                                 $4,
 565                                 scalar(newCVREF(
 566                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
 567                                     scalar($2)
 568                                 )))); dep();}
 569         |       DO scalar '(' ')'                      /* do $subref () */
 570                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
 571                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
 572                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), Nullop)); dep();}
 573         |       DO scalar '(' expr ')'                 /* do $subref (@args) */
 574                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
 575                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
 576                                 $4,
 577                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();}
 578
 579         ;
 580
 581 term    :       termbinop
 582         |       termunop
 583         |       anonymous
 584         |       termdo
 585         |       term '?' term ':' term
 586                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5); }
 587         |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
 588                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, mod($2,OP_REFGEN)); }
 589         |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
 590                         { $$ = $1; }
 591         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
 592                         { $$ = localize($2,$1); }
 593         |       '(' expr ')'
 594                         { $$ = sawparens($2); }
 595         |       '(' ')'
 596                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
 597         |       scalar  %prec '('
 598                         { $$ = $1; }
 599         |       star    %prec '('
 600                         { $$ = $1; }
 601         |       hsh     %prec '('
 602                         { $$ = $1; }
 603         |       ary     %prec '('
 604                         { $$ = $1; }
 605         |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
 606                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
 607         |       subscripted
 608                         { $$ = $1; }
 609         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
 610                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2); }
 611         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
 612                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, Nullop); }
 613         |       ary '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
 614                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
 615                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
 616                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
 617                                         list($3),
 618                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE))); }
 619         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
 620                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
 621                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
 622                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
 623                                         list($3),
 624                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
 625                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR; }
 626         |       THING   %prec '('
 627                         { $$ = $1; }
 628         |       amper                                /* &foo; */
 629                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
 630         |       amper '(' ')'                        /* &foo() */
 631                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
 632         |       amper '(' expr ')'                   /* &foo(@args) */
 633                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 634                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1))); }
 635         |       NOAMP WORD listexpr                  /* foo(@args) */
 636                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 637                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2))); }
 638         |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
 639                         { $$ = newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL);
 640                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
 641         |       LOOPEX term
 642                         { $$ = newLOOPEX($1,$2); }
 643         |       NOTOP argexpr                        /* not $foo */
 644                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
 645         |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
 646                         { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
 647         |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }, I *think* */
 648                         { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
 649         |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
 650                         { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
 651         |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
 652                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 653                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
 654         |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
 655                         { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
 656         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
 657                         { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
 658         |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
 659                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 660                                 scalar($1)); }
 661         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
 662                         { $$ = newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL); }
 663         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
 664                         { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $3); }
 665         |       PMFUNC '(' term ')'                  /* split (/foo/) */
 666                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, Nullop); }
 667         |       PMFUNC '(' term ',' term ')'         /* split (/foo/,$bar) */
 668                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, $5); }
 669         |       WORD
 670         |       listop
 671         ;
 672
 673 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
 674 myattrterm:     MY myterm myattrlist
 675                         { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3); }
 676         |       MY myterm
 677                         { $$ = localize($2,$1); }
 678         ;
 679
 680 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
 681 myterm  :       '(' expr ')'
 682                         { $$ = sawparens($2); }
 683         |       '(' ')'
 684                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
 685         |       scalar  %prec '('
 686                         { $$ = $1; }
 687         |       hsh     %prec '('
 688                         { $$ = $1; }
 689         |       ary     %prec '('
 690                         { $$ = $1; }
 691         ;
 692
 693 /* Basic list expressions */
 694 listexpr:       /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
 695                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 696         |       argexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
 697                         { $$ = $1; }
 698         ;
 699
 700 listexprcom:    /* NULL */
 701                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 702         |       expr
 703                         { $$ = $1; }
 704         |       expr ','
 705                         { $$ = $1; }
 706         ;
 707
 708 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
 709    lexical */
 710 my_scalar:      scalar
 711                         { PL_in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
 712         ;
 713
 714 amper   :       '&' indirob
 715                         { $$ = newCVREF($1,$2); }
 716         ;
 717
 718 scalar  :       '$' indirob
 719                         { $$ = newSVREF($2); }
 720         ;
 721
 722 ary     :       '@' indirob
 723                         { $$ = newAVREF($2); }
 724         ;
 725
 726 hsh     :       '%' indirob
 727                         { $$ = newHVREF($2); }
 728         ;
 729
 730 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
 731                         { $$ = newAVREF($2); }
 732         ;
 733
 734 star    :       '*' indirob
 735                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2); }
 736         ;
 737
 738 /* Indirect objects */
 739 indirob :       WORD
 740                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
 741         |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
 742                         { $$ = scalar($1);  }
 743         |       block
 744                         { $$ = scope($1); }
 745
 746         |       PRIVATEREF
 747                         { $$ = $1; }
 748         ;