3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
4 * Copyright (c) 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'I see,' laughed Strider. 'I look foul and feel fair. Is that it?
13 * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
15 * [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
19 * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
20 * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
21 * and perly.act which are derived from this.
23 * Note that these derived files are included and compiled twice; once
24 * from perly.c, and once from madly.c. The second time, a number of MAD
25 * macros are defined, which compile in extra code that allows the parse
26 * tree to be accurately dumped. In particular:
28 * MAD defined if compiling madly.c
29 * DO_MAD(A) expands to A under madly.c, to null otherwise
30 * IF_MAD(a,b) expands to A under madly.c, to B otherwise
31 * TOKEN_GETMAD() expands to token_getmad() under madly.c, to null otherwise
32 * TOKEN_FREE() similarly
33 * OP_GETMAD() similarly
34 * IVAL(i) expands to (i)->tk_lval.ival or (i)
35 * PVAL(p) expands to (p)->tk_lval.pval or (p)
37 * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
38 * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
39 * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
41 * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
42 * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
46 /* Make the parser re-entrant. */
50 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important? */
55 I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
56 must always be 1st union member) */
60 #ifdef PERL_IN_MADLY_C
72 %token <i_tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*' '&' ';'
74 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF
75 %token <opval> FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
76 %token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
77 %token <p_tkval> LABEL
78 %token <i_tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
79 %token <i_tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
80 %token <i_tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
81 %token <i_tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
82 %token <i_tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
83 %token <i_tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
84 %token <i_tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
85 %token <i_tkval> LOCAL MY MYSUB REQUIRE
86 %token <i_tkval> COLONATTR
88 %type <ival> prog progstart remember mremember
89 %type <ival> startsub startanonsub startformsub
90 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
91 %type <ival> mydefsv mintro
93 %type <opval> decl format subrout mysubrout package use peg
95 %type <opval> block package_block mblock lineseq line loop cond else
96 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
97 %type <opval> argexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
98 %type <opval> listexpr listexprcom indirob listop method
99 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar
100 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
101 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
102 %type <opval> switch case
103 %type <p_tkval> label
105 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREC_LOW
108 %left <i_tkval> OROP DOROP
109 %left <i_tkval> ANDOP
110 %right <i_tkval> NOTOP
111 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
113 %right <i_tkval> ASSIGNOP
114 %right <i_tkval> '?' ':'
115 %nonassoc DOTDOT YADAYADA
116 %left <i_tkval> OROR DORDOR
117 %left <i_tkval> ANDAND
118 %left <i_tkval> BITOROP
119 %left <i_tkval> BITANDOP
122 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
124 %left <i_tkval> SHIFTOP
127 %left <i_tkval> MATCHOP
128 %right <i_tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
129 %right <i_tkval> POWOP
130 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
131 %left <i_tkval> ARROW
132 %nonassoc <i_tkval> ')'
140 /* The whole program */
142 /*CONTINUED*/ lineseq
143 { $$ = $1; newPROG(block_end($1,$2)); }
146 /* An ordinary block */
147 block : '{' remember lineseq '}'
148 { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
149 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
150 $$ = block_end($2, $3);
151 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
152 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
156 remember: /* NULL */ /* start a full lexical scope */
157 { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
160 mydefsv: /* NULL */ /* lexicalize $_ */
161 { $$ = (I32) Perl_allocmy(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN("$_"), 0); }
166 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE; $$ = block_start(TRUE);
171 mblock : '{' mremember lineseq '}'
172 { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
173 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
174 $$ = block_end($2, $3);
175 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
176 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
180 mremember: /* NULL */ /* start a partial lexical scope */
181 { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
184 /* A collection of "lines" in the program */
190 append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
191 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2),
195 { $$ = append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
196 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2);
197 PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
199 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
203 /* A "line" in the program */
205 { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
206 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
207 | loop /* loops add their own labels */
208 | switch /* ... and so do switches */
211 { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2); }
215 $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), newOP(OP_NULL, 0));
216 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'L');
217 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,';');
223 PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
225 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
227 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
231 $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
232 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
234 /* sideff might already have a nexstate */
235 OP* op = ((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first;
237 while (op->op_sibling &&
238 op->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE)
240 token_getmad($1,op,'L');
241 token_getmad($3,op,';');
246 { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, NULL,
247 newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
248 NOLINE, (OP*)NULL, $1,
251 { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2); }
254 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
260 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
261 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
264 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
265 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
268 { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
269 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
272 { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
273 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
276 { $$ = newFOROP(0, NULL, (line_t)IVAL($2),
277 (OP*)NULL, $3, $1, (OP*)NULL);
278 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first->op_sibling,'w');
281 { $$ = newWHENOP($3, scope($1)); }
284 /* else and elsif blocks */
288 { ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; $$ = scope($2);
289 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
291 | ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
292 { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
293 $$ = newCONDOP(0, newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3), scope($5), $6);
294 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
295 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
296 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
297 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
301 /* Real conditional expressions */
302 cond : IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
303 { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
305 newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
306 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
307 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
308 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
310 | UNLESS '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock else
311 { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
313 newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
314 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
315 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
316 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
320 /* Cases for a switch statement */
321 case : WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
323 newWHENOP($4, scope($6))); }
325 { $$ = newWHENOP(0, scope($2)); }
328 /* Continue blocks */
333 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
337 /* Loops: while, until, for, and a bare block */
338 loop : label WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
340 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
342 newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
343 innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
344 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
345 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
346 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
347 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
348 TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
351 | label UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
353 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
355 newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
356 innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
357 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
358 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
359 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
360 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
361 TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
363 | label FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
366 innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
368 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
369 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
370 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'d');
371 TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
372 TOKEN_GETMAD($8,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
374 | label FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
377 innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
378 mod($3, OP_ENTERLOOP), $6, $8, $9));
379 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
380 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
381 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
382 TOKEN_GETMAD($7,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
384 | label FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
387 innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
388 (OP*)NULL, $5, $7, $8));
389 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
390 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
391 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
392 TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
394 | label FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
396 /* basically fake up an initialize-while lineseq */
398 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
399 forop = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
400 newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
401 IVAL($2), scalar($7),
404 forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
406 CopLABEL_alloc(($1)->tk_lval.pval),
407 ($5 ? $5 : newOP(OP_NULL, 0)) ),
410 token_getmad($2,forop,'3');
411 token_getmad($3,forop,'(');
412 token_getmad($6,forop,'1');
413 token_getmad($8,forop,'2');
414 token_getmad($11,forop,')');
415 token_getmad($1,forop,'L');
418 forop = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
419 newSTATEOP(0, CopLABEL_alloc($1), $5),
425 $$ = block_end($4, forop); }
426 | label block cont /* a block is a loop that happens once */
427 { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
428 newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
429 NOLINE, (OP*)NULL, $2, $3, 0));
430 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
434 switch : label GIVEN '(' remember mydefsv mexpr ')' mblock
435 { PL_parser->copline = (line_t) IVAL($2);
437 newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
438 newGIVENOP($6, scope($8),
439 (PADOFFSET) $5) )); }
442 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
444 { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
445 PL_max_intro_pending >= PL_min_intro_pending);
448 /* Normal expression */
454 /* Boolean expression */
455 texpr : /* NULL means true */
457 (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
458 $$ = tmplval.opval; }
462 /* Inverted boolean expression */
464 { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
467 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
469 { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
473 { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
477 { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
480 /* Optional "MAIN:"-style loop labels */
486 $$ = newTOKEN(OP_NULL, tmplval, 0);
494 /* Some kind of declaration - just hang on peg in the parse tree */
506 /* these two are only used by MAD */
513 { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
514 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'p');
518 format : FORMAT startformsub formname block
520 CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
521 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
523 $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
524 prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
531 if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvUNIQUE(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
532 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(fmtcv);
533 pad_add_anon((SV*)fmtcv, OP_NULL);
538 formname: WORD { $$ = $1; }
539 | /* NULL */ { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
542 /* Unimplemented "my sub foo { }" */
543 mysubrout: MYSUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
544 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
546 $$ = newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
547 token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
549 newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
555 /* Subroutine definition */
556 subrout : SUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
557 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
560 OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
561 (SV*)newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6));
562 $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
564 op_getmad($3,$$,'n');
565 op_getmad($4,$$,'s');
566 op_getmad($5,$$,'a');
567 token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
568 append_madprops($6->op_madprop, $$, 0);
572 newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
578 startsub: /* NULL */ /* start a regular subroutine scope */
579 { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
580 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
584 startanonsub: /* NULL */ /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
585 { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
586 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
589 startformsub: /* NULL */ /* start a format subroutine scope */
590 { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
591 SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
594 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
595 subname : WORD { const char *const name = SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv);
596 if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
597 || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
598 || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
599 CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
603 /* Subroutine prototype */
609 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
610 subattrlist: /* NULL */
614 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
621 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
625 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
626 myattrlist: COLONATTR THING
628 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
635 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
639 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
640 subbody : block { $$ = $1; }
645 PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
646 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
650 package : PACKAGE WORD WORD ';'
654 token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
657 token_getmad($4,$$,';');
667 package_block: PACKAGE WORD WORD '{' remember
669 int save_3_latefree = $3->op_latefree;
672 $3->op_latefree = save_3_latefree;
674 int save_2_latefree = $2->op_latefree;
677 $2->op_latefree = save_2_latefree;
681 { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($4))
682 PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($4);
683 $$ = block_end($5, $7);
684 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'{');
685 TOKEN_GETMAD($8,$$,'}');
693 { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
694 WORD WORD listexpr ';'
695 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
697 $$ = utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
698 token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
699 token_getmad($7,$$,';');
700 if (PL_parser->rsfp_filters &&
701 AvFILLp(PL_parser->rsfp_filters) >= 0)
702 append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_NULL, NULL, 0), $$, 0);
704 utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
710 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
711 expr : expr ANDOP expr
712 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
713 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
716 { $$ = newLOGOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, $3);
717 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
720 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
721 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
723 | argexpr %prec PREC_LOW
726 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
727 argexpr : argexpr ','
730 OP* op = newNULLLIST();
731 token_getmad($2,op,',');
732 $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
741 term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term);
742 token_getmad($2,term,',');
744 $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
746 | term %prec PREC_LOW
750 listop : LSTOP indirob argexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
751 { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
752 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$2), $3) );
753 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
755 | FUNC '(' indirob expr ')' /* print ($fh @args */
756 { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
757 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$3), $4) );
758 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
759 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
760 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
762 | term ARROW method '(' listexprcom ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
763 { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
765 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
766 newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
767 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
768 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'(');
769 TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
771 | term ARROW method /* $foo->bar */
772 { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
773 append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
774 newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
775 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
777 | METHOD indirob listexpr /* new Class @args */
778 { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
780 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
781 newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
783 | FUNCMETH indirob '(' listexprcom ')' /* method $object (@args) */
784 { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
786 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
787 newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
788 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
789 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
791 | LSTOP listexpr /* print @args */
792 { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
793 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
795 | FUNC '(' listexprcom ')' /* print (@args) */
796 { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
797 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
798 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
799 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
801 | LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@); f { foo } ... */
802 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
803 $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, (OP*)NULL, $3); }
804 listexpr %prec LSTOP /* ... @bar */
805 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
807 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
811 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
816 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
817 subscripted: star '{' expr ';' '}' /* *main::{something} */
818 /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
819 * provided by the tokeniser */
820 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
821 PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
822 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
823 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
824 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
826 | scalar '[' expr ']' /* $array[$element] */
827 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
828 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
829 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
831 | term ARROW '[' expr ']' /* somearef->[$element] */
832 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
833 ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
835 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
836 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
837 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
839 | subscripted '[' expr ']' /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
840 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
841 ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
843 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
844 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
846 | scalar '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->{bar();} */
847 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
848 PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
849 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
850 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
851 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
853 | term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
854 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
855 ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
857 PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
858 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
859 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'{');
860 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,';');
861 TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,'}');
863 | subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
864 { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
865 ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
867 PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
868 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
869 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
870 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
872 | term ARROW '(' ')' /* $subref->() */
873 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
874 newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
875 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
876 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
877 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
879 | term ARROW '(' expr ')' /* $subref->(@args) */
880 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
881 append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
882 newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
883 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
884 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
885 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
888 | subscripted '(' expr ')' /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
889 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
890 append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
891 newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
892 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
893 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
895 | subscripted '(' ')' /* $foo->{bar}->() */
896 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
897 newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
898 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
899 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
901 | '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']' /* list slice */
902 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
903 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
904 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
905 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'[');
906 TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,']');
908 | '(' ')' '[' expr ']' /* empty list slice! */
909 { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, (OP*)NULL);
910 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
911 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
912 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
913 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
917 /* Binary operators between terms */
918 termbinop: term ASSIGNOP term /* $x = $y */
919 { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, IVAL($2), $3);
920 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
922 | term POWOP term /* $x ** $y */
923 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
924 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
926 | term MULOP term /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
927 { if (IVAL($2) != OP_REPEAT)
929 $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, scalar($3));
930 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
932 | term ADDOP term /* $x + $y */
933 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
934 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
936 | term SHIFTOP term /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
937 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
938 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
940 | term RELOP term /* $x > $y, etc. */
941 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
942 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
944 | term EQOP term /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
945 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
946 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
948 | term BITANDOP term /* $x & $y */
949 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
950 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
952 | term BITOROP term /* $x | $y */
953 { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
954 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
956 | term DOTDOT term /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
958 $$ = newRANGE(IVAL($2), scalar($1), scalar($3));
962 op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flop */
963 op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flip */
964 op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to range */
965 token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
968 | term ANDAND term /* $x && $y */
969 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
970 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
972 | term OROR term /* $x || $y */
973 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
974 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
976 | term DORDOR term /* $x // $y */
977 { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
978 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
980 | term MATCHOP term /* $x =~ /$y/ */
981 { $$ = bind_match(IVAL($2), $1, $3);
983 ($$->op_type == OP_NOT
984 ? ((UNOP*)$$)->op_first : $$),
989 /* Unary operators and terms */
990 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS /* -$x */
991 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
992 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
994 | '+' term %prec UMINUS /* +$x */
996 newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2),
999 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'+');
1001 | '!' term /* !$x */
1002 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1003 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1005 | '~' term /* ~$x */
1006 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
1007 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1009 | term POSTINC /* $x++ */
1010 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
1011 mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
1012 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1014 | term POSTDEC /* $x-- */
1015 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
1016 mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
1017 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
1019 | PREINC term /* ++$x */
1020 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
1021 mod(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
1022 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1024 | PREDEC term /* --$x */
1025 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
1026 mod(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
1027 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1032 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
1033 anonymous: '[' expr ']'
1034 { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
1035 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1036 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,']');
1039 { $$ = newANONLIST((OP*)NULL);
1040 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1041 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,']');
1043 | HASHBRACK expr ';' '}' %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
1044 { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
1045 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1046 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,';');
1047 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
1049 | HASHBRACK ';' '}' %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1050 { $$ = newANONHASH((OP*)NULL);
1051 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1052 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
1053 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'}');
1055 | ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block %prec '('
1056 { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1057 $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
1058 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1059 OP_GETMAD($3,$$,'s');
1060 OP_GETMAD($4,$$,'a');
1065 /* Things called with "do" */
1066 termdo : DO term %prec UNIOP /* do $filename */
1067 { $$ = dofile($2, IVAL($1));
1068 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1070 | DO block %prec '(' /* do { code */
1071 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, scope($2));
1072 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'D');
1074 | DO WORD '(' ')' /* do somesub() */
1075 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1076 OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1077 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1079 (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1081 )),(OP*)NULL)); dep();
1082 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1083 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1084 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1086 | DO WORD '(' expr ')' /* do somesub(@args) */
1087 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1088 OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1089 append_elem(OP_LIST,
1092 (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1095 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1096 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1097 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1099 | DO scalar '(' ')' /* do $subref () */
1100 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1101 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1102 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), (OP*)NULL)); dep();
1103 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1104 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1105 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1107 | DO scalar '(' expr ')' /* do $subref (@args) */
1108 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1109 prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1111 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
1112 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1113 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1114 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1123 | term '?' term ':' term
1124 { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
1125 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'?');
1126 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,':');
1128 | REFGEN term /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1129 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, mod($2,OP_REFGEN));
1130 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1132 | myattrterm %prec UNIOP
1134 | LOCAL term %prec UNIOP
1135 { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1136 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'k');
1139 { $$ = sawparens(IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2), $2));
1140 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1141 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1144 { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1145 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1146 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1156 | arylen %prec '(' /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1157 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1160 | ary '[' expr ']' /* array slice */
1161 { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1162 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1163 newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1165 ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1166 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1167 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1169 | ary '{' expr ';' '}' /* @hash{@keys} */
1170 { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1171 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1172 newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1174 ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1175 PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1176 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1177 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1178 TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1183 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1184 | amper '(' ')' /* &foo() */
1185 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1186 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1187 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1189 | amper '(' expr ')' /* &foo(@args) */
1191 $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1192 append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1195 if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1196 op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1198 token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1199 token_getmad($4,op,')');
1202 | NOAMP WORD listexpr /* foo(@args) */
1203 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1204 append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1205 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1207 | LOOPEX /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1208 { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1209 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1210 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1213 { $$ = newLOOPEX(IVAL($1),$2);
1214 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1216 | NOTOP argexpr /* not $foo */
1217 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1218 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1220 | UNIOP /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1221 { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1222 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1224 | UNIOP block /* eval { foo }* */
1225 { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1226 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1228 | UNIOP term /* Unary op */
1229 { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1230 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1232 | REQUIRE /* require, $_ implied */
1233 { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0);
1234 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1236 | REQUIRE term /* require Foo */
1237 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2);
1238 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1241 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1242 | UNIOPSUB term /* Sub treated as unop */
1243 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1244 append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1245 | FUNC0 /* Nullary operator */
1246 { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1247 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1250 { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1251 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1252 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1253 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1255 | FUNC0SUB /* Sub treated as nullop */
1256 { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1258 | FUNC1 '(' ')' /* not () */
1259 { $$ = (IVAL($1) == OP_NOT)
1260 ? newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1261 : newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1263 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1264 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1265 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1267 | FUNC1 '(' expr ')' /* not($foo) */
1268 { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
1269 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1270 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1271 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1273 | PMFUNC '(' argexpr ')' /* m//, s///, tr/// */
1274 { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, 1);
1275 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1276 TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1282 $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1283 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
1284 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'X');
1289 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1290 myattrterm: MY myterm myattrlist
1291 { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1293 token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1294 append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1299 { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1300 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1304 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1305 myterm : '(' expr ')'
1306 { $$ = sawparens($2);
1307 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1308 TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1311 { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1312 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1313 TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1323 /* Basic list expressions */
1324 listexpr: /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1326 | argexpr %prec PREC_LOW
1330 listexprcom: /* NULL */
1337 OP* op = newNULLLIST();
1338 token_getmad($2,op,',');
1339 $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
1347 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1350 { PL_parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1354 { $$ = newCVREF(IVAL($1),$2);
1355 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'&');
1359 scalar : '$' indirob
1360 { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1361 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'$');
1366 { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1367 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'@');
1372 { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1373 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'%');
1377 arylen : DOLSHARP indirob
1378 { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1379 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'l');
1384 { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1385 TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'*');
1389 /* Indirect objects */
1391 { $$ = scalar($1); }
1392 | scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1393 { $$ = scalar($1); }