perly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
   4  *    Copyright (c) 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
   5  *
   6  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   7  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   8  *
   9  */
  10
  11 /*
  12  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  13  *  All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  14  *
  15  *     [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
  16  */
  17
  18 /*
  19  * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
  20  * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
  21  * and perly.act which are derived from this.
  22  *
  23  * Note that these derived files are included and compiled twice; once
  24  * from perly.c, and once from madly.c. The second time, a number of MAD
  25  * macros are defined, which compile in extra code that allows the parse
  26  * tree to be accurately dumped. In particular:
  27  *
  28  * MAD            defined if compiling madly.c
  29  * DO_MAD(A)      expands to A  under madly.c, to null otherwise
  30  * IF_MAD(a,b)    expands to A under madly.c, to B otherwise
  31  * TOKEN_GETMAD() expands to token_getmad() under madly.c, to null otherwise
  32  * TOKEN_FREE()   similarly
  33  * OP_GETMAD()    similarly
  34  * IVAL(i)        expands to (i)->tk_lval.ival or (i)
  35  * PVAL(p)        expands to (p)->tk_lval.pval or (p)
  36  *
  37  * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
  38  * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
  39  * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
  40  *
  41  * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
  42  * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
  43  * an action.
  44  */
  45
  46 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
  47
  48 %pure_parser
  49
  50 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important?  */
  51
  52 %start prog
  53
  54 %union {
  55     I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
  56                                 must always be 1st union member) */
  57     char *pval;
  58     OP *opval;
  59     GV *gvval;
  60 #ifdef PERL_IN_MADLY_C
  61     TOKEN* p_tkval;
  62     TOKEN* i_tkval;
  63 #else
  64     char *p_tkval;
  65     I32 i_tkval;
  66 #endif
  67 #ifdef PERL_MAD
  68     TOKEN* tkval;
  69 #endif
  70 }
  71
  72 %token <i_tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*' '&' ';'
  73
  74 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF
  75 %token <opval> FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  76 %token <p_tkval> LABEL
  77 %token <i_tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  78 %token <i_tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  79 %token <i_tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
  80 %token <i_tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
  81 %token <i_tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  82 %token <i_tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  83 %token <i_tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  84 %token <i_tkval> LOCAL MY MYSUB REQUIRE
  85 %token <i_tkval> COLONATTR
  86
  87 %type <ival> prog progstart remember mremember
  88 %type <ival>  startsub startanonsub startformsub
  89 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
  90 %type <ival> mydefsv mintro
  91
  92 %type <opval> decl format subrout mysubrout package use peg
  93
  94 %type <opval> block mblock lineseq line loop cond else
  95 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
  96 %type <opval> argexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
  97 %type <opval> listexpr listexprcom indirob listop method
  98 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar
  99 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
 100 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
 101 %type <opval> switch case
 102 %type <p_tkval> label
 103
 104 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREC_LOW
 105 %nonassoc LOOPEX
 106
 107 %left <i_tkval> OROP DOROP
 108 %left <i_tkval> ANDOP
 109 %right <i_tkval> NOTOP
 110 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
 111 %left <i_tkval> ','
 112 %right <i_tkval> ASSIGNOP
 113 %right <i_tkval> '?' ':'
 114 %nonassoc DOTDOT YADAYADA
 115 %left <i_tkval> OROR DORDOR
 116 %left <i_tkval> ANDAND
 117 %left <i_tkval> BITOROP
 118 %left <i_tkval> BITANDOP
 119 %nonassoc EQOP
 120 %nonassoc RELOP
 121 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
 122 %nonassoc REQUIRE
 123 %left <i_tkval> SHIFTOP
 124 %left ADDOP
 125 %left MULOP
 126 %left <i_tkval> MATCHOP
 127 %right <i_tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
 128 %right <i_tkval> POWOP
 129 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
 130 %left <i_tkval> ARROW
 131 %nonassoc <i_tkval> ')'
 132 %left <i_tkval> '('
 133 %left '[' '{'
 134
 135 %token <i_tkval> PEG
 136
 137 %% /* RULES */
 138
 139 /* The whole program */
 140 prog    :       progstart
 141         /*CONTINUED*/   lineseq
 142                         { $$ = $1; newPROG(block_end($1,$2)); }
 143         ;
 144
 145 /* An ordinary block */
 146 block   :       '{' remember lineseq '}'
 147                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 148                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 149                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 150                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 151                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 152                         }
 153         ;
 154
 155 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
 156                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 157         ;
 158
 159 mydefsv:        /* NULL */      /* lexicalize $_ */
 160                         { $$ = (I32) allocmy("$_"); }
 161         ;
 162
 163 progstart:
 164                 {
 165                     PL_parser->expect = XSTATE; $$ = block_start(TRUE);
 166                 }
 167         ;
 168
 169
 170 mblock  :       '{' mremember lineseq '}'
 171                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 172                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 173                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 174                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 175                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 176                         }
 177         ;
 178
 179 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 180                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 181         ;
 182
 183 /* A collection of "lines" in the program */
 184 lineseq :       /* NULL */
 185                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 186         |       lineseq decl
 187                         {
 188                         $$ = IF_MAD(
 189                                 append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 190                                     (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2),
 191                                 $1);
 192                         }
 193         |       lineseq line
 194                         {   $$ = append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 195                                 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2);
 196                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 197                             if ($1 && $2)
 198                                 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 199                         }
 200         ;
 201
 202 /* A "line" in the program */
 203 line    :       label cond
 204                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 205                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 206         |       loop    /* loops add their own labels */
 207         |       switch  /* ... and so do switches */
 208                         { $$ = $1; }
 209         |       label case
 210                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2); }
 211         |       label ';'
 212                         {
 213                           if (PVAL($1)) {
 214                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), newOP(OP_NULL, 0));
 215                               TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'L');
 216                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,';');
 217                           }
 218                           else {
 219                               $$ = IF_MAD(
 220                                         newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 221                                         (OP*)NULL);
 222                               PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
 223                               TOKEN_FREE($1);
 224                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
 225                           }
 226                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 227                         }
 228         |       label sideff ';'
 229                         {
 230                           $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 231                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 232                           DO_MAD({
 233                               /* sideff might already have a nexstate */
 234                               OP* op = ((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first;
 235                               if (op) {
 236                                   while (op->op_sibling &&
 237                                      op->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE)
 238                                         op = op->op_sibling;
 239                                   token_getmad($1,op,'L');
 240                                   token_getmad($3,op,';');
 241                               }
 242                           })
 243                         }
 244         ;
 245
 246 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 247 sideff  :       error
 248                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 249         |       expr
 250                         { $$ = $1; }
 251         |       expr IF expr
 252                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
 253                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 254                         }
 255         |       expr UNLESS expr
 256                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
 257                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 258                         }
 259         |       expr WHILE expr
 260                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
 261                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 262                         }
 263         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 264                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
 265                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 266                         }
 267         |       expr FOR expr
 268                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, NULL, (line_t)IVAL($2),
 269                                         (OP*)NULL, $3, $1, (OP*)NULL);
 270                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first->op_sibling,'w');
 271                         }
 272         ;
 273
 274 /* else and elsif blocks */
 275 else    :       /* NULL */
 276                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 277         |       ELSE mblock
 278                         { ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; $$ = scope($2);
 279                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 280                         }
 281         |       ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
 282                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 283                             $$ = newCONDOP(0, newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3), scope($5), $6);
 284                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 285                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 286                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 287                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 288                         }
 289         ;
 290
 291 /* Real conditional expressions */
 292 cond    :       IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 293                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 294                             $$ = block_end($3,
 295                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 296                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 297                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 298                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 299                         }
 300         |       UNLESS '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 301                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 302                             $$ = block_end($3,
 303                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 304                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 305                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 306                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 307                         }
 308         ;
 309
 310 /* Cases for a switch statement */
 311 case    :       WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
 312         { $$ = block_end($3,
 313                 newWHENOP($4, scope($6))); }
 314         |       DEFAULT block
 315         { $$ = newWHENOP(0, scope($2)); }
 316         ;
 317
 318 /* Continue blocks */
 319 cont    :       /* NULL */
 320                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 321         |       CONTINUE block
 322                         { $$ = scope($2);
 323                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 324                         }
 325         ;
 326
 327 /* Loops: while, until, for, and a bare block */
 328 loop    :       label WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 329                         { OP *innerop;
 330                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)$2;
 331                             $$ = block_end($4,
 332                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 333                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 334                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 335                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 336                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 337                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 338                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 339                         }
 340
 341         |       label UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 342                         { OP *innerop;
 343                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)$2;
 344                             $$ = block_end($4,
 345                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 346                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 347                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 348                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 349                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 350                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 351                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 352                         }
 353         |       label FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
 354                         { OP *innerop;
 355                           $$ = block_end($4,
 356                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 357                                             $5, $7, $9, $10));
 358                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 359                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 360                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'d');
 361                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 362                           TOKEN_GETMAD($8,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 363                         }
 364         |       label FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 365                         { OP *innerop;
 366                           $$ = block_end($5,
 367                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 368                                     mod($3, OP_ENTERLOOP), $6, $8, $9));
 369                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 370                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 371                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 372                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 373                         }
 374         |       label FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 375                         { OP *innerop;
 376                           $$ = block_end($4,
 377                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 378                                                     (OP*)NULL, $5, $7, $8));
 379                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 380                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 381                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 382                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 383                         }
 384         |       label FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
 385                     mblock
 386                         /* basically fake up an initialize-while lineseq */
 387                         { OP *forop;
 388                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 389                           forop = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 390                                             newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 391                                                 IVAL($2), scalar($7),
 392                                                 $12, $10, $9));
 393 #ifdef MAD
 394                           forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 395                                 newSTATEOP(0,
 396                                            CopLABEL_alloc(($1)->tk_lval.pval),
 397                                            ($5 ? $5 : newOP(OP_NULL, 0)) ),
 398                                 forop));
 399
 400                           token_getmad($2,forop,'3');
 401                           token_getmad($3,forop,'(');
 402                           token_getmad($6,forop,'1');
 403                           token_getmad($8,forop,'2');
 404                           token_getmad($11,forop,')');
 405                           token_getmad($1,forop,'L');
 406 #else
 407                           if ($5) {
 408                                 forop = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 409                                         newSTATEOP(0, CopLABEL_alloc($1), $5),
 410                                         forop);
 411                           }
 412
 413
 414 #endif
 415                           $$ = block_end($4, forop); }
 416         |       label block cont  /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 417                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 418                                  newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 419                                             NOLINE, (OP*)NULL, $2, $3, 0));
 420                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 421         ;
 422
 423 /* Switch blocks */
 424 switch  :       label GIVEN '(' remember mydefsv mexpr ')' mblock
 425                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t) $2;
 426                             $$ = block_end($4,
 427                                 newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 428                                     newGIVENOP($6, scope($8),
 429                                         (PADOFFSET) $5) )); }
 430         ;
 431
 432 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
 433 mintro  :       /* NULL */
 434                         { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
 435                             PL_max_intro_pending >=  PL_min_intro_pending);
 436                           intro_my(); }
 437
 438 /* Normal expression */
 439 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 440                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 441         |       sideff
 442         ;
 443
 444 /* Boolean expression */
 445 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 446                         { YYSTYPE tmplval;
 447                           (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
 448                           $$ = tmplval.opval; }
 449         |       expr
 450         ;
 451
 452 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 453 iexpr   :       expr
 454                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 455         ;
 456
 457 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 458 mexpr   :       expr
 459                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 460         ;
 461
 462 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 463                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 464         ;
 465
 466 miexpr  :       iexpr
 467                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 468         ;
 469
 470 /* Optional "MAIN:"-style loop labels */
 471 label   :       /* empty */
 472                         {
 473 #ifdef MAD
 474                           YYSTYPE tmplval;
 475                           tmplval.pval = NULL;
 476                           $$ = newTOKEN(OP_NULL, tmplval, 0);
 477 #else
 478                           $$ = NULL;
 479 #endif
 480                         }
 481         |       LABEL
 482         ;
 483
 484 /* Some kind of declaration - just hang on peg in the parse tree */
 485 decl    :       format
 486                         { $$ = $1; }
 487         |       subrout
 488                         { $$ = $1; }
 489         |       mysubrout
 490                         { $$ = $1; }
 491         |       package
 492                         { $$ = $1; }
 493         |       use
 494                         { $$ = $1; }
 495
 496     /* these two are only used by MAD */
 497
 498         |       peg
 499                         { $$ = $1; }
 500         ;
 501
 502 peg     :       PEG
 503                         { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 504                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'p');
 505                         }
 506         ;
 507
 508 format  :       FORMAT startformsub formname block
 509                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 510 #ifdef MAD
 511                           $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 512                           prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
 513                           $1->tk_mad = 0;
 514                           token_free($1);
 515 #else
 516                           newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 517                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 518 #endif
 519                         }
 520         ;
 521
 522 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 523         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 524         ;
 525
 526 /* Unimplemented "my sub foo { }" */
 527 mysubrout:      MYSUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 528                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 529 #ifdef MAD
 530                           $$ = newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 531                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 532 #else
 533                           newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 534                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 535 #endif
 536                         }
 537         ;
 538
 539 /* Subroutine definition */
 540 subrout :       SUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 541                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 542 #ifdef MAD
 543                           {
 544                               OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
 545                                 (SV*)newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6));
 546                               $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 547                               op_getmad(o,$$,'&');
 548                               op_getmad($3,$$,'n');
 549                               op_getmad($4,$$,'s');
 550                               op_getmad($5,$$,'a');
 551                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 552                               append_madprops($6->op_madprop, $$, 0);
 553                               $6->op_madprop = 0;
 554                             }
 555 #else
 556                           newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 557                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 558 #endif
 559                         }
 560         ;
 561
 562 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 563                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
 564                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 565
 566         ;
 567
 568 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 569                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
 570                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 571         ;
 572
 573 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 574                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
 575                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 576         ;
 577
 578 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
 579 subname :       WORD    { const char *const name = SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv);
 580                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 581                               || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
 582                               || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
 583                               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
 584                           $$ = $1; }
 585         ;
 586
 587 /* Subroutine prototype */
 588 proto   :       /* NULL */
 589                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 590         |       THING
 591         ;
 592
 593 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 594 subattrlist:    /* NULL */
 595                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 596         |       COLONATTR THING
 597                         { $$ = $2;
 598                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 599                         }
 600         |       COLONATTR
 601                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 602                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 603                                     (OP*)NULL
 604                                 );
 605                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 606                         }
 607         ;
 608
 609 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 610 myattrlist:     COLONATTR THING
 611                         { $$ = $2;
 612                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 613                         }
 614         |       COLONATTR
 615                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 616                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 617                                     (OP*)NULL
 618                                 );
 619                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 620                         }
 621         ;
 622
 623 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
 624 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 625         |       ';'     { $$ = IF_MAD(
 626                                     newOP(OP_NULL,0),
 627                                     (OP*)NULL
 628                                 );
 629                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 630                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 631                         }
 632         ;
 633
 634 package :       PACKAGE WORD ';'
 635                         {
 636 #ifdef MAD
 637                           $$ = package($2);
 638                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 639                           token_getmad($3,$$,';');
 640 #else
 641                           package($2);
 642                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 643 #endif
 644                         }
 645         ;
 646
 647 use     :       USE startsub
 648                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 649                     WORD WORD listexpr ';'
 650                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 651 #ifdef MAD
 652                           $$ = utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 653                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 654                           token_getmad($7,$$,';');
 655                           if (PL_parser->rsfp_filters &&
 656                                       AvFILLp(PL_parser->rsfp_filters) >= 0)
 657                               append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_PV, "", 0), $$, 0);
 658 #else
 659                           utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 660                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 661 #endif
 662                         }
 663         ;
 664
 665 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
 666 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 667                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 668                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 669                         }
 670         |       expr OROP expr
 671                         { $$ = newLOGOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, $3);
 672                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 673                         }
 674         |       expr DOROP expr
 675                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 676                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 677                         }
 678         |       argexpr %prec PREC_LOW
 679         ;
 680
 681 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
 682 argexpr :       argexpr ','
 683                         {
 684 #ifdef MAD
 685                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
 686                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
 687                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 688 #else
 689                           $$ = $1;
 690 #endif
 691                         }
 692         |       argexpr ',' term
 693                         {
 694                           OP* term = $3;
 695                           DO_MAD(
 696                               term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term);
 697                               token_getmad($2,term,',');
 698                           )
 699                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
 700                         }
 701         |       term %prec PREC_LOW
 702         ;
 703
 704 /* List operators */
 705 listop  :       LSTOP indirob argexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
 706                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 707                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$2), $3) );
 708                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 709                         }
 710         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
 711                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 712                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$3), $4) );
 713                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 714                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 715                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 716                         }
 717         |       term ARROW method '(' listexprcom ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
 718                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 719                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 720                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 721                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 722                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 723                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'(');
 724                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 725                         }
 726         |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
 727                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 728                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
 729                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 730                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 731                         }
 732         |       METHOD indirob listexpr              /* new Class @args */
 733                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 734                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 735                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 736                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 737                         }
 738         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' listexprcom ')' /* method $object (@args) */
 739                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 740                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 741                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 742                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 743                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 744                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 745                         }
 746         |       LSTOP listexpr                       /* print @args */
 747                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
 748                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 749                         }
 750         |       FUNC '(' listexprcom ')'             /* print (@args) */
 751                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
 752                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 753                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 754                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 755                         }
 756         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@);   f { foo } ... */
 757                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 758                           $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, (OP*)NULL, $3); }
 759                     listexpr            %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
 760                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 761                                  append_elem(OP_LIST,
 762                                    prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
 763                         }
 764         ;
 765
 766 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
 767 method  :       METHOD
 768         |       scalar
 769         ;
 770
 771 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
 772 subscripted:    star '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
 773                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
 774                          * provided by the tokeniser */
 775                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 776                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 777                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 778                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 779                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 780                         }
 781         |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
 782                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
 783                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 784                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 785                         }
 786         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
 787                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 788                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 789                                         scalar($4));
 790                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 791                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 792                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 793                         }
 794         |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
 795                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 796                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 797                                         scalar($3));
 798                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 799                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 800                         }
 801         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo->{bar();} */
 802                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 803                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 804                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 805                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 806                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 807                         }
 808         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
 809                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 810                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 811                                         jmaybe($4));
 812                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 813                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 814                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'{');
 815                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,';');
 816                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,'}');
 817                         }
 818         |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
 819                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 820                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 821                                         jmaybe($3));
 822                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 823                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 824                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 825                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 826                         }
 827         |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
 828                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 829                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 830                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 831                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 832                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 833                         }
 834         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
 835                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 836                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 837                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 838                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 839                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 840                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 841                         }
 842
 843         |       subscripted '(' expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
 844                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 845                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
 846                                                newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 847                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 848                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 849                         }
 850         |       subscripted '(' ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
 851                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 852                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 853                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 854                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 855                         }
 856         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
 857                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
 858                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 859                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 860                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'[');
 861                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,']');
 862                         }
 863         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
 864                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, (OP*)NULL);
 865                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 866                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
 867                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 868                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 869                         }
 870     ;
 871
 872 /* Binary operators between terms */
 873 termbinop:      term ASSIGNOP term                     /* $x = $y */
 874                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, IVAL($2), $3);
 875                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 876                         }
 877         |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
 878                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 879                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 880                         }
 881         |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
 882                         {   if (IVAL($2) != OP_REPEAT)
 883                                 scalar($1);
 884                             $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, scalar($3));
 885                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 886                         }
 887         |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
 888                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 889                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 890                         }
 891         |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
 892                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 893                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 894                         }
 895         |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
 896                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 897                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 898                         }
 899         |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
 900                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 901                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 902                         }
 903         |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
 904                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 905                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 906                         }
 907         |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
 908                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 909                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 910                         }
 911         |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
 912                         {
 913                           $$ = newRANGE(IVAL($2), scalar($1), scalar($3));
 914                           DO_MAD({
 915                               UNOP *op;
 916                               op = (UNOP*)$$;
 917                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flop */
 918                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flip */
 919                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to range */
 920                               token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
 921                             })
 922                         }
 923         |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
 924                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 925                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 926                         }
 927         |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
 928                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
 929                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 930                         }
 931         |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
 932                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 933                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 934                         }
 935         |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
 936                         { $$ = bind_match(IVAL($2), $1, $3);
 937                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,
 938                                 ($$->op_type == OP_NOT
 939                                     ? ((UNOP*)$$)->op_first : $$),
 940                                 '~');
 941                         }
 942     ;
 943
 944 /* Unary operators and terms */
 945 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
 946                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
 947                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 948                         }
 949         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
 950                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 951                                     newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2),
 952                                     $2
 953                                 );
 954                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'+');
 955                         }
 956         |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
 957                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
 958                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 959                         }
 960         |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
 961                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
 962                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 963                         }
 964         |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
 965                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
 966                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
 967                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 968                         }
 969         |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
 970                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
 971                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
 972                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 973                         }
 974         |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
 975                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
 976                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
 977                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 978                         }
 979         |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
 980                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
 981                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
 982                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 983                         }
 984
 985     ;
 986
 987 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
 988 anonymous:      '[' expr ']'
 989                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
 990                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
 991                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,']');
 992                         }
 993         |       '[' ']'
 994                         { $$ = newANONLIST((OP*)NULL);
 995                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
 996                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,']');
 997                         }
 998         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
 999                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
1000                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1001                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,';');
1002                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
1003                         }
1004         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1005                         { $$ = newANONHASH((OP*)NULL);
1006                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1007                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
1008                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'}');
1009                         }
1010         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block    %prec '('
1011                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1012                           $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
1013                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1014                           OP_GETMAD($3,$$,'s');
1015                           OP_GETMAD($4,$$,'a');
1016                         }
1017
1018     ;
1019
1020 /* Things called with "do" */
1021 termdo  :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
1022                         { $$ = dofile($2, IVAL($1));
1023                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1024                         }
1025         |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
1026                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, scope($2));
1027                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'D');
1028                         }
1029         |       DO WORD '(' ')'                         /* do somesub() */
1030                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1031                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1032                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1033                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1034                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1035                                     scalar($2)
1036                                 )),(OP*)NULL)); dep();
1037                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1038                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1039                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1040                         }
1041         |       DO WORD '(' expr ')'                    /* do somesub(@args) */
1042                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1043                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1044                             append_elem(OP_LIST,
1045                                 $4,
1046                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1047                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1048                                     scalar($2)
1049                                 )))); dep();
1050                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1051                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1052                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1053                         }
1054         |       DO scalar '(' ')'                      /* do $subref () */
1055                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1056                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1057                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), (OP*)NULL)); dep();
1058                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1059                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1060                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1061                         }
1062         |       DO scalar '(' expr ')'                 /* do $subref (@args) */
1063                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1064                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1065                                 $4,
1066                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
1067                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1068                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1069                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1070                         }
1071
1072         ;
1073
1074 term    :       termbinop
1075         |       termunop
1076         |       anonymous
1077         |       termdo
1078         |       term '?' term ':' term
1079                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
1080                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'?');
1081                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,':');
1082                         }
1083         |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1084                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, mod($2,OP_REFGEN));
1085                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1086                         }
1087         |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
1088                         { $$ = $1; }
1089         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
1090                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1091                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'k');
1092                         }
1093         |       '(' expr ')'
1094                         { $$ = sawparens(IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2), $2));
1095                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1096                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1097                         }
1098         |       '(' ')'
1099                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1100                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1101                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1102                         }
1103         |       scalar  %prec '('
1104                         { $$ = $1; }
1105         |       star    %prec '('
1106                         { $$ = $1; }
1107         |       hsh     %prec '('
1108                         { $$ = $1; }
1109         |       ary     %prec '('
1110                         { $$ = $1; }
1111         |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1112                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1113         |       subscripted
1114                         { $$ = $1; }
1115         |       ary '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
1116                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1117                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1118                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1119                                         list($3),
1120                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1121                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1122                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1123                         }
1124         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
1125                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1126                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1127                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1128                                         list($3),
1129                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1130                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1131                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1132                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1133                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1134                         }
1135         |       THING   %prec '('
1136                         { $$ = $1; }
1137         |       amper                                /* &foo; */
1138                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1139         |       amper '(' ')'                        /* &foo() */
1140                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1141                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1142                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1143                         }
1144         |       amper '(' expr ')'                   /* &foo(@args) */
1145                         {
1146                           $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1147                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1148                           DO_MAD({
1149                               OP* op = $$;
1150                               if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1151                                 op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1152                               }
1153                               token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1154                               token_getmad($4,op,')');
1155                           })
1156                         }
1157         |       NOAMP WORD listexpr                  /* foo(@args) */
1158                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1159                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1160                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1161                         }
1162         |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1163                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1164                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1165                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1166                         }
1167         |       LOOPEX term
1168                         { $$ = newLOOPEX(IVAL($1),$2);
1169                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1170                         }
1171         |       NOTOP argexpr                        /* not $foo */
1172                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1173                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1174                         }
1175         |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1176                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1177                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1178                         }
1179         |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }* */
1180                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1181                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1182                         }
1183         |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
1184                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1185                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1186                         }
1187         |       REQUIRE                              /* require, $_ implied */
1188                         { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0);
1189                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1190                         }
1191         |       REQUIRE term                         /* require Foo */
1192                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2);
1193                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1194                         }
1195         |       UNIOPSUB
1196                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1197         |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
1198                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1199                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1200         |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
1201                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1202                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1203                         }
1204         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
1205                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1206                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1207                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1208                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1209                         }
1210         |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
1211                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1212                                 scalar($1)); }
1213         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
1214                         { $$ = (IVAL($1) == OP_NOT)
1215                             ? newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1216                             : newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1217
1218                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1219                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1220                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1221                         }
1222         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
1223                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
1224                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1225                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1226                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1227                         }
1228         |       PMFUNC '(' argexpr ')'          /* m//, s///, tr/// */
1229                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, 1);
1230                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1231                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1232                         }
1233         |       WORD
1234         |       listop
1235         |       YADAYADA
1236                         {
1237                           $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1238                                 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
1239                         }
1240         ;
1241
1242 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1243 myattrterm:     MY myterm myattrlist
1244                         { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1245                           DO_MAD(
1246                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1247                               append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1248                               $3->op_madprop = 0;
1249                           )
1250                         }
1251         |       MY myterm
1252                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1253                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1254                         }
1255         ;
1256
1257 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1258 myterm  :       '(' expr ')'
1259                         { $$ = sawparens($2);
1260                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1261                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1262                         }
1263         |       '(' ')'
1264                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1265                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1266                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1267                         }
1268         |       scalar  %prec '('
1269                         { $$ = $1; }
1270         |       hsh     %prec '('
1271                         { $$ = $1; }
1272         |       ary     %prec '('
1273                         { $$ = $1; }
1274         ;
1275
1276 /* Basic list expressions */
1277 listexpr:       /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1278                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1279         |       argexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
1280                         { $$ = $1; }
1281         ;
1282
1283 listexprcom:    /* NULL */
1284                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1285         |       expr
1286                         { $$ = $1; }
1287         |       expr ','
1288                         {
1289 #ifdef MAD
1290                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
1291                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
1292                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
1293 #else
1294                           $$ = $1;
1295 #endif
1296
1297                         }
1298         ;
1299
1300 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1301    lexical */
1302 my_scalar:      scalar
1303                         { PL_parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1304         ;
1305
1306 amper   :       '&' indirob
1307                         { $$ = newCVREF(IVAL($1),$2);
1308                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'&');
1309                         }
1310         ;
1311
1312 scalar  :       '$' indirob
1313                         { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1314                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'$');
1315                         }
1316         ;
1317
1318 ary     :       '@' indirob
1319                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1320                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'@');
1321                         }
1322         ;
1323
1324 hsh     :       '%' indirob
1325                         { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1326                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'%');
1327                         }
1328         ;
1329
1330 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
1331                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1332                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'l');
1333                         }
1334         ;
1335
1336 star    :       '*' indirob
1337                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1338                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'*');
1339                         }
1340         ;
1341
1342 /* Indirect objects */
1343 indirob :       WORD
1344                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1345         |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1346                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1347         |       block
1348                         { $$ = scope($1); }
1349
1350         |       PRIVATEREF
1351                         { $$ = $1; }
1352         ;