perly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
   4  *    Copyright (c) 2007, 2008 by Larry Wall and others
   5  *
   6  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   7  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   8  *
   9  */
  10
  11 /*
  12  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  13  *  All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  14  *
  15  *     [p.171 of _The Lord of the Rings_, I/x: "Strider"]
  16  */
  17
  18 /*
  19  * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
  20  * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
  21  * and perly.act which are derived from this.
  22  *
  23  * Note that these derived files are included and compiled twice; once
  24  * from perly.c, and once from madly.c. The second time, a number of MAD
  25  * macros are defined, which compile in extra code that allows the parse
  26  * tree to be accurately dumped. In particular:
  27  *
  28  * MAD            defined if compiling madly.c
  29  * DO_MAD(A)      expands to A  under madly.c, to null otherwise
  30  * IF_MAD(a,b)    expands to A under madly.c, to B otherwise
  31  * TOKEN_GETMAD() expands to token_getmad() under madly.c, to null otherwise
  32  * TOKEN_FREE()   similarly
  33  * OP_GETMAD()    similarly
  34  * IVAL(i)        expands to (i)->tk_lval.ival or (i)
  35  * PVAL(p)        expands to (p)->tk_lval.pval or (p)
  36  *
  37  * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
  38  * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
  39  * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
  40  *
  41  * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
  42  * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
  43  * an action.
  44  */
  45
  46 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
  47
  48 %pure_parser
  49
  50 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important?  */
  51
  52 %start prog
  53
  54 %union {
  55     I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
  56                                 must always be 1st union member) */
  57     char *pval;
  58     OP *opval;
  59     GV *gvval;
  60 #ifdef PERL_IN_MADLY_C
  61     TOKEN* p_tkval;
  62     TOKEN* i_tkval;
  63 #else
  64     char *p_tkval;
  65     I32 i_tkval;
  66 #endif
  67 #ifdef PERL_MAD
  68     TOKEN* tkval;
  69 #endif
  70 }
  71
  72 %token <i_tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*' '&' ';'
  73
  74 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF
  75 %token <opval> FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  76 %token <opval> PLUGEXPR PLUGSTMT
  77 %token <p_tkval> LABEL
  78 %token <i_tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  79 %token <i_tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  80 %token <i_tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
  81 %token <i_tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT YADAYADA
  82 %token <i_tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  83 %token <i_tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  84 %token <i_tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  85 %token <i_tkval> LOCAL MY MYSUB REQUIRE
  86 %token <i_tkval> COLONATTR
  87
  88 %type <ival> prog progstart remember mremember
  89 %type <ival>  startsub startanonsub startformsub
  90 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
  91 %type <ival> mydefsv mintro
  92
  93 %type <opval> decl format subrout mysubrout package use peg
  94
  95 %type <opval> block mblock lineseq line loop cond else
  96 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
  97 %type <opval> argexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
  98 %type <opval> listexpr listexprcom indirob listop method
  99 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar
 100 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
 101 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
 102 %type <opval> switch case
 103 %type <p_tkval> label
 104
 105 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREC_LOW
 106 %nonassoc LOOPEX
 107
 108 %left <i_tkval> OROP DOROP
 109 %left <i_tkval> ANDOP
 110 %right <i_tkval> NOTOP
 111 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
 112 %left <i_tkval> ','
 113 %right <i_tkval> ASSIGNOP
 114 %right <i_tkval> '?' ':'
 115 %nonassoc DOTDOT YADAYADA
 116 %left <i_tkval> OROR DORDOR
 117 %left <i_tkval> ANDAND
 118 %left <i_tkval> BITOROP
 119 %left <i_tkval> BITANDOP
 120 %nonassoc EQOP
 121 %nonassoc RELOP
 122 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
 123 %nonassoc REQUIRE
 124 %left <i_tkval> SHIFTOP
 125 %left ADDOP
 126 %left MULOP
 127 %left <i_tkval> MATCHOP
 128 %right <i_tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
 129 %right <i_tkval> POWOP
 130 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
 131 %left <i_tkval> ARROW
 132 %nonassoc <i_tkval> ')'
 133 %left <i_tkval> '('
 134 %left '[' '{'
 135
 136 %token <i_tkval> PEG
 137
 138 %% /* RULES */
 139
 140 /* The whole program */
 141 prog    :       progstart
 142         /*CONTINUED*/   lineseq
 143                         { $$ = $1; newPROG(block_end($1,$2)); }
 144         ;
 145
 146 /* An ordinary block */
 147 block   :       '{' remember lineseq '}'
 148                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 149                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 150                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 151                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 152                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 153                         }
 154         ;
 155
 156 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
 157                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 158         ;
 159
 160 mydefsv:        /* NULL */      /* lexicalize $_ */
 161                         { $$ = (I32) Perl_allocmy(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN("$_"), 0); }
 162         ;
 163
 164 progstart:
 165                 {
 166                     PL_parser->expect = XSTATE; $$ = block_start(TRUE);
 167                 }
 168         ;
 169
 170
 171 mblock  :       '{' mremember lineseq '}'
 172                         { if (PL_parser->copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 173                               PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 174                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 175                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 176                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 177                         }
 178         ;
 179
 180 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 181                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 182         ;
 183
 184 /* A collection of "lines" in the program */
 185 lineseq :       /* NULL */
 186                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 187         |       lineseq decl
 188                         {
 189                         $$ = IF_MAD(
 190                                 append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 191                                     (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2),
 192                                 $1);
 193                         }
 194         |       lineseq line
 195                         {   $$ = append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 196                                 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2);
 197                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 198                             if ($1 && $2)
 199                                 PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 200                         }
 201         ;
 202
 203 /* A "line" in the program */
 204 line    :       label cond
 205                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 206                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 207         |       loop    /* loops add their own labels */
 208         |       switch  /* ... and so do switches */
 209                         { $$ = $1; }
 210         |       label case
 211                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2); }
 212         |       label ';'
 213                         {
 214                           if (PVAL($1)) {
 215                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), newOP(OP_NULL, 0));
 216                               TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'L');
 217                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,';');
 218                           }
 219                           else {
 220                               $$ = IF_MAD(
 221                                         newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 222                                         (OP*)NULL);
 223                               PL_parser->copline = NOLINE;
 224                               TOKEN_FREE($1);
 225                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
 226                           }
 227                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 228                         }
 229         |       label sideff ';'
 230                         {
 231                           $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 232                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 233                           DO_MAD({
 234                               /* sideff might already have a nexstate */
 235                               OP* op = ((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first;
 236                               if (op) {
 237                                   while (op->op_sibling &&
 238                                      op->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE)
 239                                         op = op->op_sibling;
 240                                   token_getmad($1,op,'L');
 241                                   token_getmad($3,op,';');
 242                               }
 243                           })
 244                         }
 245         |       label PLUGSTMT
 246                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2); }
 247         ;
 248
 249 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 250 sideff  :       error
 251                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 252         |       expr
 253                         { $$ = $1; }
 254         |       expr IF expr
 255                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
 256                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 257                         }
 258         |       expr UNLESS expr
 259                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
 260                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 261                         }
 262         |       expr WHILE expr
 263                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
 264                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 265                         }
 266         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 267                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
 268                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 269                         }
 270         |       expr FOR expr
 271                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, NULL, (line_t)IVAL($2),
 272                                         (OP*)NULL, $3, $1, (OP*)NULL);
 273                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first->op_sibling,'w');
 274                         }
 275         |       expr WHEN expr
 276                         { $$ = newWHENOP($3, scope($1)); }
 277         ;
 278
 279 /* else and elsif blocks */
 280 else    :       /* NULL */
 281                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 282         |       ELSE mblock
 283                         { ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; $$ = scope($2);
 284                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 285                         }
 286         |       ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
 287                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 288                             $$ = newCONDOP(0, newSTATEOP(OPf_SPECIAL,NULL,$3), scope($5), $6);
 289                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 290                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 291                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 292                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 293                         }
 294         ;
 295
 296 /* Real conditional expressions */
 297 cond    :       IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 298                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 299                             $$ = block_end($3,
 300                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 301                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 302                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 303                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 304                         }
 305         |       UNLESS '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 306                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 307                             $$ = block_end($3,
 308                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 309                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 310                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 311                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 312                         }
 313         ;
 314
 315 /* Cases for a switch statement */
 316 case    :       WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
 317         { $$ = block_end($3,
 318                 newWHENOP($4, scope($6))); }
 319         |       DEFAULT block
 320         { $$ = newWHENOP(0, scope($2)); }
 321         ;
 322
 323 /* Continue blocks */
 324 cont    :       /* NULL */
 325                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 326         |       CONTINUE block
 327                         { $$ = scope($2);
 328                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 329                         }
 330         ;
 331
 332 /* Loops: while, until, for, and a bare block */
 333 loop    :       label WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 334                         { OP *innerop;
 335                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 336                             $$ = block_end($4,
 337                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 338                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 339                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 340                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 341                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 342                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 343                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 344                         }
 345
 346         |       label UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 347                         { OP *innerop;
 348                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 349                             $$ = block_end($4,
 350                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 351                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 352                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 353                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 354                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 355                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 356                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 357                         }
 358         |       label FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
 359                         { OP *innerop;
 360                           $$ = block_end($4,
 361                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 362                                             $5, $7, $9, $10));
 363                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 364                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 365                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'d');
 366                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 367                           TOKEN_GETMAD($8,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 368                         }
 369         |       label FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 370                         { OP *innerop;
 371                           $$ = block_end($5,
 372                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 373                                     mod($3, OP_ENTERLOOP), $6, $8, $9));
 374                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 375                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 376                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 377                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 378                         }
 379         |       label FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 380                         { OP *innerop;
 381                           $$ = block_end($4,
 382                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 383                                                     (OP*)NULL, $5, $7, $8));
 384                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 385                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 386                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 387                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 388                         }
 389         |       label FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
 390                     mblock
 391                         /* basically fake up an initialize-while lineseq */
 392                         { OP *forop;
 393                           PL_parser->copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 394                           forop = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 395                                             newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 396                                                 IVAL($2), scalar($7),
 397                                                 $12, $10, $9));
 398 #ifdef MAD
 399                           forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 400                                 newSTATEOP(0,
 401                                            CopLABEL_alloc(($1)->tk_lval.pval),
 402                                            ($5 ? $5 : newOP(OP_NULL, 0)) ),
 403                                 forop));
 404
 405                           token_getmad($2,forop,'3');
 406                           token_getmad($3,forop,'(');
 407                           token_getmad($6,forop,'1');
 408                           token_getmad($8,forop,'2');
 409                           token_getmad($11,forop,')');
 410                           token_getmad($1,forop,'L');
 411 #else
 412                           if ($5) {
 413                                 forop = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 414                                         newSTATEOP(0, CopLABEL_alloc($1), $5),
 415                                         forop);
 416                           }
 417
 418
 419 #endif
 420                           $$ = block_end($4, forop); }
 421         |       label block cont  /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 422                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 423                                  newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)(OP*)NULL,
 424                                             NOLINE, (OP*)NULL, $2, $3, 0));
 425                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 426         ;
 427
 428 /* Switch blocks */
 429 switch  :       label GIVEN '(' remember mydefsv mexpr ')' mblock
 430                         { PL_parser->copline = (line_t) IVAL($2);
 431                             $$ = block_end($4,
 432                                 newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 433                                     newGIVENOP($6, scope($8),
 434                                         (PADOFFSET) $5) )); }
 435         ;
 436
 437 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
 438 mintro  :       /* NULL */
 439                         { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
 440                             PL_max_intro_pending >=  PL_min_intro_pending);
 441                           intro_my(); }
 442
 443 /* Normal expression */
 444 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 445                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 446         |       sideff
 447         ;
 448
 449 /* Boolean expression */
 450 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 451                         { YYSTYPE tmplval;
 452                           (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
 453                           $$ = tmplval.opval; }
 454         |       expr
 455         ;
 456
 457 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 458 iexpr   :       expr
 459                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 460         ;
 461
 462 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 463 mexpr   :       expr
 464                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 465         ;
 466
 467 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 468                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 469         ;
 470
 471 miexpr  :       iexpr
 472                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 473         ;
 474
 475 /* Optional "MAIN:"-style loop labels */
 476 label   :       /* empty */
 477                         {
 478 #ifdef MAD
 479                           YYSTYPE tmplval;
 480                           tmplval.pval = NULL;
 481                           $$ = newTOKEN(OP_NULL, tmplval, 0);
 482 #else
 483                           $$ = NULL;
 484 #endif
 485                         }
 486         |       LABEL
 487         ;
 488
 489 /* Some kind of declaration - just hang on peg in the parse tree */
 490 decl    :       format
 491                         { $$ = $1; }
 492         |       subrout
 493                         { $$ = $1; }
 494         |       mysubrout
 495                         { $$ = $1; }
 496         |       package
 497                         { $$ = $1; }
 498         |       use
 499                         { $$ = $1; }
 500
 501     /* these two are only used by MAD */
 502
 503         |       peg
 504                         { $$ = $1; }
 505         ;
 506
 507 peg     :       PEG
 508                         { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 509                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'p');
 510                         }
 511         ;
 512
 513 format  :       FORMAT startformsub formname block
 514                         {
 515                           CV *fmtcv = PL_compcv;
 516                           SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 517 #ifdef MAD
 518                           $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 519                           prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
 520                           $1->tk_mad = 0;
 521                           token_free($1);
 522 #else
 523                           newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 524                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 525 #endif
 526                           if (CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv) && !CvUNIQUE(CvOUTSIDE(fmtcv))) {
 527                             SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(fmtcv);
 528                             pad_add_anon((SV*)fmtcv, OP_NULL);
 529                           }
 530                         }
 531         ;
 532
 533 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 534         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 535         ;
 536
 537 /* Unimplemented "my sub foo { }" */
 538 mysubrout:      MYSUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 539                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 540 #ifdef MAD
 541                           $$ = newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 542                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 543 #else
 544                           newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 545                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 546 #endif
 547                         }
 548         ;
 549
 550 /* Subroutine definition */
 551 subrout :       SUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 552                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 553 #ifdef MAD
 554                           {
 555                               OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
 556                                 (SV*)newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6));
 557                               $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 558                               op_getmad(o,$$,'&');
 559                               op_getmad($3,$$,'n');
 560                               op_getmad($4,$$,'s');
 561                               op_getmad($5,$$,'a');
 562                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 563                               append_madprops($6->op_madprop, $$, 0);
 564                               $6->op_madprop = 0;
 565                             }
 566 #else
 567                           newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 568                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 569 #endif
 570                         }
 571         ;
 572
 573 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 574                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
 575                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 576
 577         ;
 578
 579 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 580                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
 581                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 582         ;
 583
 584 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 585                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
 586                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 587         ;
 588
 589 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
 590 subname :       WORD    { const char *const name = SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv);
 591                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 592                               || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
 593                               || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
 594                               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
 595                           $$ = $1; }
 596         ;
 597
 598 /* Subroutine prototype */
 599 proto   :       /* NULL */
 600                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 601         |       THING
 602         ;
 603
 604 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 605 subattrlist:    /* NULL */
 606                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
 607         |       COLONATTR THING
 608                         { $$ = $2;
 609                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 610                         }
 611         |       COLONATTR
 612                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 613                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 614                                     (OP*)NULL
 615                                 );
 616                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 617                         }
 618         ;
 619
 620 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 621 myattrlist:     COLONATTR THING
 622                         { $$ = $2;
 623                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 624                         }
 625         |       COLONATTR
 626                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 627                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 628                                     (OP*)NULL
 629                                 );
 630                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 631                         }
 632         ;
 633
 634 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
 635 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 636         |       ';'     { $$ = IF_MAD(
 637                                     newOP(OP_NULL,0),
 638                                     (OP*)NULL
 639                                 );
 640                           PL_parser->expect = XSTATE;
 641                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 642                         }
 643         ;
 644
 645 package :       PACKAGE WORD WORD ';'
 646                         {
 647 #ifdef MAD
 648                           $$ = package($3);
 649                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 650                           if ($2)
 651                               package_version($2);
 652                           token_getmad($4,$$,';');
 653 #else
 654                           package($3);
 655                           if ($2)
 656                               package_version($2);
 657                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 658 #endif
 659                         }
 660         ;
 661
 662 use     :       USE startsub
 663                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 664                     WORD WORD listexpr ';'
 665                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 666 #ifdef MAD
 667                           $$ = utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 668                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 669                           token_getmad($7,$$,';');
 670                           if (PL_parser->rsfp_filters &&
 671                                       AvFILLp(PL_parser->rsfp_filters) >= 0)
 672                               append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_NULL, NULL, 0), $$, 0);
 673 #else
 674                           utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 675                           $$ = (OP*)NULL;
 676 #endif
 677                         }
 678         ;
 679
 680 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
 681 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 682                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 683                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 684                         }
 685         |       expr OROP expr
 686                         { $$ = newLOGOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, $3);
 687                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 688                         }
 689         |       expr DOROP expr
 690                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 691                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 692                         }
 693         |       argexpr %prec PREC_LOW
 694         ;
 695
 696 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
 697 argexpr :       argexpr ','
 698                         {
 699 #ifdef MAD
 700                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
 701                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
 702                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 703 #else
 704                           $$ = $1;
 705 #endif
 706                         }
 707         |       argexpr ',' term
 708                         {
 709                           OP* term = $3;
 710                           DO_MAD(
 711                               term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term);
 712                               token_getmad($2,term,',');
 713                           )
 714                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
 715                         }
 716         |       term %prec PREC_LOW
 717         ;
 718
 719 /* List operators */
 720 listop  :       LSTOP indirob argexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
 721                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 722                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$2), $3) );
 723                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 724                         }
 725         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
 726                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 727                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$3), $4) );
 728                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 729                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 730                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 731                         }
 732         |       term ARROW method '(' listexprcom ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
 733                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 734                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 735                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 736                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 737                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 738                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'(');
 739                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 740                         }
 741         |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
 742                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 743                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
 744                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 745                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 746                         }
 747         |       METHOD indirob listexpr              /* new Class @args */
 748                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 749                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 750                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 751                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 752                         }
 753         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' listexprcom ')' /* method $object (@args) */
 754                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 755                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 756                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 757                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 758                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 759                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 760                         }
 761         |       LSTOP listexpr                       /* print @args */
 762                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
 763                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 764                         }
 765         |       FUNC '(' listexprcom ')'             /* print (@args) */
 766                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
 767                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 768                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 769                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 770                         }
 771         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@);   f { foo } ... */
 772                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
 773                           $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, (OP*)NULL, $3); }
 774                     listexpr            %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
 775                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 776                                  append_elem(OP_LIST,
 777                                    prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
 778                         }
 779         ;
 780
 781 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
 782 method  :       METHOD
 783         |       scalar
 784         ;
 785
 786 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
 787 subscripted:    star '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
 788                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
 789                          * provided by the tokeniser */
 790                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 791                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 792                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 793                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 794                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 795                         }
 796         |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
 797                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
 798                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 799                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 800                         }
 801         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
 802                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 803                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 804                                         scalar($4));
 805                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 806                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 807                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 808                         }
 809         |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
 810                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 811                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 812                                         scalar($3));
 813                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 814                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 815                         }
 816         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo->{bar();} */
 817                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 818                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 819                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 820                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 821                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 822                         }
 823         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
 824                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 825                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 826                                         jmaybe($4));
 827                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 828                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 829                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'{');
 830                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,';');
 831                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,'}');
 832                         }
 833         |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
 834                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 835                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 836                                         jmaybe($3));
 837                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
 838                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 839                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 840                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 841                         }
 842         |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
 843                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 844                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 845                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 846                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 847                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 848                         }
 849         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
 850                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 851                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 852                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 853                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 854                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 855                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 856                         }
 857
 858         |       subscripted '(' expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
 859                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 860                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
 861                                                newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 862                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 863                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 864                         }
 865         |       subscripted '(' ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
 866                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 867                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 868                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 869                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 870                         }
 871         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
 872                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
 873                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 874                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 875                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'[');
 876                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,']');
 877                         }
 878         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
 879                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, (OP*)NULL);
 880                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 881                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
 882                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 883                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 884                         }
 885     ;
 886
 887 /* Binary operators between terms */
 888 termbinop:      term ASSIGNOP term                     /* $x = $y */
 889                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, IVAL($2), $3);
 890                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 891                         }
 892         |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
 893                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 894                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 895                         }
 896         |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
 897                         {   if (IVAL($2) != OP_REPEAT)
 898                                 scalar($1);
 899                             $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, scalar($3));
 900                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 901                         }
 902         |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
 903                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 904                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 905                         }
 906         |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
 907                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 908                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 909                         }
 910         |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
 911                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 912                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 913                         }
 914         |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
 915                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 916                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 917                         }
 918         |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
 919                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 920                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 921                         }
 922         |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
 923                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 924                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 925                         }
 926         |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
 927                         {
 928                           $$ = newRANGE(IVAL($2), scalar($1), scalar($3));
 929                           DO_MAD({
 930                               UNOP *op;
 931                               op = (UNOP*)$$;
 932                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flop */
 933                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flip */
 934                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to range */
 935                               token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
 936                             })
 937                         }
 938         |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
 939                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 940                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 941                         }
 942         |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
 943                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
 944                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 945                         }
 946         |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
 947                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 948                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 949                         }
 950         |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
 951                         { $$ = bind_match(IVAL($2), $1, $3);
 952                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,
 953                                 ($$->op_type == OP_NOT
 954                                     ? ((UNOP*)$$)->op_first : $$),
 955                                 '~');
 956                         }
 957     ;
 958
 959 /* Unary operators and terms */
 960 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
 961                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
 962                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 963                         }
 964         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
 965                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 966                                     newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2),
 967                                     $2
 968                                 );
 969                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'+');
 970                         }
 971         |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
 972                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
 973                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 974                         }
 975         |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
 976                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
 977                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 978                         }
 979         |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
 980                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
 981                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
 982                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 983                         }
 984         |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
 985                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
 986                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
 987                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 988                         }
 989         |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
 990                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
 991                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
 992                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 993                         }
 994         |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
 995                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
 996                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
 997                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 998                         }
 999
1000     ;
1001
1002 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
1003 anonymous:      '[' expr ']'
1004                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
1005                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1006                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,']');
1007                         }
1008         |       '[' ']'
1009                         { $$ = newANONLIST((OP*)NULL);
1010                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
1011                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,']');
1012                         }
1013         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
1014                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
1015                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1016                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,';');
1017                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
1018                         }
1019         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
1020                         { $$ = newANONHASH((OP*)NULL);
1021                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1022                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
1023                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'}');
1024                         }
1025         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block    %prec '('
1026                         { SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(PL_compcv);
1027                           $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
1028                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1029                           OP_GETMAD($3,$$,'s');
1030                           OP_GETMAD($4,$$,'a');
1031                         }
1032
1033     ;
1034
1035 /* Things called with "do" */
1036 termdo  :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
1037                         { $$ = dofile($2, IVAL($1));
1038                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1039                         }
1040         |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
1041                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, scope($2));
1042                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'D');
1043                         }
1044         |       DO WORD '(' ')'                         /* do somesub() */
1045                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1046                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1047                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1048                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1049                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1050                                     scalar($2)
1051                                 )),(OP*)NULL)); dep();
1052                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1053                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1054                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1055                         }
1056         |       DO WORD '(' expr ')'                    /* do somesub(@args) */
1057                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1058                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1059                             append_elem(OP_LIST,
1060                                 $4,
1061                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1062                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1063                                     scalar($2)
1064                                 )))); dep();
1065                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1066                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1067                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1068                         }
1069         |       DO scalar '(' ')'                      /* do $subref () */
1070                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1071                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1072                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), (OP*)NULL)); dep();
1073                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1074                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1075                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1076                         }
1077         |       DO scalar '(' expr ')'                 /* do $subref (@args) */
1078                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1079                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1080                                 $4,
1081                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
1082                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1083                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1084                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1085                         }
1086
1087         ;
1088
1089 term    :       termbinop
1090         |       termunop
1091         |       anonymous
1092         |       termdo
1093         |       term '?' term ':' term
1094                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
1095                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'?');
1096                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,':');
1097                         }
1098         |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1099                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, mod($2,OP_REFGEN));
1100                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1101                         }
1102         |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
1103                         { $$ = $1; }
1104         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
1105                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1106                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'k');
1107                         }
1108         |       '(' expr ')'
1109                         { $$ = sawparens(IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2), $2));
1110                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1111                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1112                         }
1113         |       '(' ')'
1114                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1115                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1116                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1117                         }
1118         |       scalar  %prec '('
1119                         { $$ = $1; }
1120         |       star    %prec '('
1121                         { $$ = $1; }
1122         |       hsh     %prec '('
1123                         { $$ = $1; }
1124         |       ary     %prec '('
1125                         { $$ = $1; }
1126         |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1127                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1128         |       subscripted
1129                         { $$ = $1; }
1130         |       ary '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
1131                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1132                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1133                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1134                                         list($3),
1135                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1136                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1137                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1138                         }
1139         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
1140                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1141                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1142                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1143                                         list($3),
1144                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1145                             PL_parser->expect = XOPERATOR;
1146                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1147                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1148                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1149                         }
1150         |       THING   %prec '('
1151                         { $$ = $1; }
1152         |       amper                                /* &foo; */
1153                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1154         |       amper '(' ')'                        /* &foo() */
1155                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1156                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1157                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1158                         }
1159         |       amper '(' expr ')'                   /* &foo(@args) */
1160                         {
1161                           $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1162                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1163                           DO_MAD({
1164                               OP* op = $$;
1165                               if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1166                                 op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1167                               }
1168                               token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1169                               token_getmad($4,op,')');
1170                           })
1171                         }
1172         |       NOAMP WORD listexpr                  /* foo(@args) */
1173                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1174                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1175                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1176                         }
1177         |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1178                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1179                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1180                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1181                         }
1182         |       LOOPEX term
1183                         { $$ = newLOOPEX(IVAL($1),$2);
1184                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1185                         }
1186         |       NOTOP argexpr                        /* not $foo */
1187                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1188                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1189                         }
1190         |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1191                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1192                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1193                         }
1194         |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }* */
1195                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1196                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1197                         }
1198         |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
1199                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1200                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1201                         }
1202         |       REQUIRE                              /* require, $_ implied */
1203                         { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0);
1204                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1205                         }
1206         |       REQUIRE term                         /* require Foo */
1207                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2);
1208                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1209                         }
1210         |       UNIOPSUB
1211                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1212         |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
1213                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1214                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1215         |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
1216                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1217                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1218                         }
1219         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
1220                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1221                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1222                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1223                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1224                         }
1225         |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
1226                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1227                                 scalar($1)); }
1228         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
1229                         { $$ = (IVAL($1) == OP_NOT)
1230                             ? newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1231                             : newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1232
1233                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1234                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1235                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1236                         }
1237         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
1238                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
1239                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1240                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1241                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1242                         }
1243         |       PMFUNC '(' argexpr ')'          /* m//, s///, tr/// */
1244                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, 1);
1245                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1246                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1247                         }
1248         |       WORD
1249         |       listop
1250         |       YADAYADA
1251                         {
1252                           $$ = newLISTOP(OP_DIE, 0, newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1253                                 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpvs("Unimplemented")));
1254                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'X');
1255                         }
1256         |       PLUGEXPR
1257         ;
1258
1259 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1260 myattrterm:     MY myterm myattrlist
1261                         { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1262                           DO_MAD(
1263                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1264                               append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1265                               $3->op_madprop = 0;
1266                           )
1267                         }
1268         |       MY myterm
1269                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1270                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1271                         }
1272         ;
1273
1274 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1275 myterm  :       '(' expr ')'
1276                         { $$ = sawparens($2);
1277                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1278                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1279                         }
1280         |       '(' ')'
1281                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1282                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1283                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1284                         }
1285         |       scalar  %prec '('
1286                         { $$ = $1; }
1287         |       hsh     %prec '('
1288                         { $$ = $1; }
1289         |       ary     %prec '('
1290                         { $$ = $1; }
1291         ;
1292
1293 /* Basic list expressions */
1294 listexpr:       /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1295                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1296         |       argexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
1297                         { $$ = $1; }
1298         ;
1299
1300 listexprcom:    /* NULL */
1301                         { $$ = (OP*)NULL; }
1302         |       expr
1303                         { $$ = $1; }
1304         |       expr ','
1305                         {
1306 #ifdef MAD
1307                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
1308                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
1309                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
1310 #else
1311                           $$ = $1;
1312 #endif
1313
1314                         }
1315         ;
1316
1317 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1318    lexical */
1319 my_scalar:      scalar
1320                         { PL_parser->in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1321         ;
1322
1323 amper   :       '&' indirob
1324                         { $$ = newCVREF(IVAL($1),$2);
1325                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'&');
1326                         }
1327         ;
1328
1329 scalar  :       '$' indirob
1330                         { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1331                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'$');
1332                         }
1333         ;
1334
1335 ary     :       '@' indirob
1336                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1337                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'@');
1338                         }
1339         ;
1340
1341 hsh     :       '%' indirob
1342                         { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1343                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'%');
1344                         }
1345         ;
1346
1347 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
1348                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1349                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'l');
1350                         }
1351         ;
1352
1353 star    :       '*' indirob
1354                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1355                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'*');
1356                         }
1357         ;
1358
1359 /* Indirect objects */
1360 indirob :       WORD
1361                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1362         |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1363                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1364         |       block
1365                         { $$ = scope($1); }
1366
1367         |       PRIVATEREF
1368                         { $$ = $1; }
1369         ;