perly.y

   1 /*    perly.y
   2  *
   3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Larry Wall
   4  *
   5  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
   6  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
   7  *
   8  */
   9
  10 /*
  11  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
  12  * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost.'
  13  *
  14  * This file holds the grammar for the Perl language. If edited, you need
  15  * to run regen_perly.pl, which re-creates the files perly.h, perly.tab
  16  * and perly.act which are derived from this.
  17  *
  18  * Note that these derived files are included and compiled twice; once
  19  * from perly.c, and once from madly.c. The second time, a number of MAD
  20  * macros are defined, which compile in extra code that allows the parse
  21  * tree to be accurately dumped. In particular:
  22  *
  23  * MAD            defined if compiling madly.c
  24  * DO_MAD(A)      expands to A  under madly.c, to null otherwise
  25  * IF_MAD(a,b)    expands to A under madly.c, to B otherwise
  26  * TOKEN_GETMAD() expands to token_getmad() under madly.c, to null otherwise
  27  * TOKEN_FREE()   similarly
  28  * OP_GETMAD()    similarly
  29  * IVAL(i)        expands to (i)->tk_lval.ival or (i)
  30  * PVAL(p)        expands to (p)->tk_lval.pval or (p)
  31  *
  32  * The main job of of this grammar is to call the various newFOO()
  33  * functions in op.c to build a syntax tree of OP structs.
  34  * It relies on the lexer in toke.c to do the tokenizing.
  35  *
  36  * Note: due to the way that the cleanup code works WRT to freeing ops on
  37  * the parse stack, it is dangerous to assign to the $n variables within
  38  * an action.
  39  */
  40
  41 /*  Make the parser re-entrant. */
  42
  43 %pure_parser
  44
  45 /* FIXME for MAD - is the new mintro on while and until important?  */
  46
  47 %start prog
  48
  49 %union {
  50     I32 ival; /* __DEFAULT__ (marker for regen_perly.pl;
  51                                 must always be 1st union member) */
  52     char *pval;
  53     OP *opval;
  54     GV *gvval;
  55 #ifdef PERL_IN_MADLY_C
  56     TOKEN* p_tkval;
  57     TOKEN* i_tkval;
  58 #else
  59     char *p_tkval;
  60     I32 i_tkval;
  61 #endif
  62 #ifdef PERL_MAD
  63     TOKEN* tkval;
  64 #endif
  65 }
  66
  67 %token <i_tkval> '{' '}' '[' ']' '-' '+' '$' '@' '%' '*' '&' ';'
  68
  69 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF
  70 %token <opval> FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
  71 %token <p_tkval> LABEL
  72 %token <i_tkval> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
  73 %token <i_tkval> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
  74 %token <i_tkval> GIVEN WHEN DEFAULT
  75 %token <i_tkval> LOOPEX DOTDOT
  76 %token <i_tkval> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC UNIOP LSTOP
  77 %token <i_tkval> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
  78 %token <i_tkval> DOLSHARP DO HASHBRACK NOAMP
  79 %token <i_tkval> LOCAL MY MYSUB REQUIRE
  80 %token <i_tkval> COLONATTR
  81
  82 %type <ival> prog progstart remember mremember savescope
  83 %type <ival>  startsub startanonsub startformsub
  84 /* FIXME for MAD - are these two ival? */
  85 %type <ival> mydefsv mintro
  86
  87 %type <opval> decl format subrout mysubrout package use peg
  88
  89 %type <opval> block mblock lineseq line loop cond else
  90 %type <opval> expr term subscripted scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
  91 %type <opval> argexpr nexpr texpr iexpr mexpr mnexpr miexpr
  92 %type <opval> listexpr listexprcom indirob listop method
  93 %type <opval> formname subname proto subbody cont my_scalar
  94 %type <opval> subattrlist myattrlist myattrterm myterm
  95 %type <opval> termbinop termunop anonymous termdo
  96 %type <opval> switch case
  97 %type <p_tkval> label
  98
  99 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREC_LOW
 100 %nonassoc LOOPEX
 101
 102 %left <i_tkval> OROP DOROP
 103 %left <i_tkval> ANDOP
 104 %right <i_tkval> NOTOP
 105 %nonassoc LSTOP LSTOPSUB
 106 %left <i_tkval> ','
 107 %right <i_tkval> ASSIGNOP
 108 %right <i_tkval> '?' ':'
 109 %nonassoc DOTDOT
 110 %left <i_tkval> OROR DORDOR
 111 %left <i_tkval> ANDAND
 112 %left <i_tkval> BITOROP
 113 %left <i_tkval> BITANDOP
 114 %nonassoc EQOP
 115 %nonassoc RELOP
 116 %nonassoc UNIOP UNIOPSUB
 117 %nonassoc REQUIRE
 118 %left <i_tkval> SHIFTOP
 119 %left ADDOP
 120 %left MULOP
 121 %left <i_tkval> MATCHOP
 122 %right <i_tkval> '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
 123 %right <i_tkval> POWOP
 124 %nonassoc <i_tkval> PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
 125 %left <i_tkval> ARROW
 126 %nonassoc <i_tkval> ')'
 127 %left <i_tkval> '('
 128 %left '[' '{'
 129
 130 %token <i_tkval> PEG
 131
 132 %% /* RULES */
 133
 134 /* The whole program */
 135 prog    :       progstart
 136         /*CONTINUED*/   lineseq
 137                         { $$ = $1; newPROG(block_end($1,$2)); }
 138         ;
 139
 140 /* An ordinary block */
 141 block   :       '{' remember lineseq '}'
 142                         { if (PL_copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 143                               PL_copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 144                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 145                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 146                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 147                         }
 148         ;
 149
 150 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a full lexical scope */
 151                         { $$ = block_start(TRUE); }
 152         ;
 153
 154 mydefsv:        /* NULL */      /* lexicalize $_ */
 155                         { $$ = (I32) allocmy("$_"); }
 156         ;
 157
 158 progstart:
 159                 {
 160                     PL_expect = XSTATE; $$ = block_start(TRUE);
 161                 }
 162         ;
 163
 164
 165 mblock  :       '{' mremember lineseq '}'
 166                         { if (PL_copline > (line_t)IVAL($1))
 167                               PL_copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 168                           $$ = block_end($2, $3);
 169                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 170                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 171                         }
 172         ;
 173
 174 mremember:      /* NULL */      /* start a partial lexical scope */
 175                         { $$ = block_start(FALSE); }
 176         ;
 177
 178 savescope:      /* NULL */      /* remember stack pos in case of error */
 179                 { $$ = PL_savestack_ix; }
 180
 181 /* A collection of "lines" in the program */
 182 lineseq :       /* NULL */
 183                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 184         |       lineseq decl
 185                         {
 186                         $$ = IF_MAD(
 187                                 append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 188                                     (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2),
 189                                 $1);
 190                         }
 191         |       lineseq savescope line
 192                         {   LEAVE_SCOPE($2);
 193                             $$ = append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
 194                                 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$3);
 195                             PL_pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
 196                             if ($1 && $3) PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
 197         ;
 198
 199 /* A "line" in the program */
 200 line    :       label cond
 201                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 202                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 203         |       loop    /* loops add their own labels */
 204         |       switch  /* ... and so do switches */
 205                         { $$ = $1; }
 206         |       label case
 207                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2); }
 208         |       label ';'
 209                         {
 210                           if (PVAL($1)) {
 211                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), newOP(OP_NULL, 0));
 212                               TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'L');
 213                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,';');
 214                           }
 215                           else {
 216                               $$ = IF_MAD(
 217                                         newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 218                                         Nullop);
 219                               PL_copline = NOLINE;
 220                               TOKEN_FREE($1);
 221                               TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
 222                           }
 223                           PL_expect = XSTATE;
 224                         }
 225         |       label sideff ';'
 226                         {
 227                           $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1), $2);
 228                           PL_expect = XSTATE;
 229                           DO_MAD(
 230                               /* sideff might already have a nexstate */
 231                               OP* op = ((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first;
 232                               if (op) {
 233                                   while (op->op_sibling &&
 234                                      op->op_sibling->op_type == OP_NEXTSTATE)
 235                                         op = op->op_sibling;
 236                                   token_getmad($1,op,'L');
 237                                   token_getmad($3,op,';');
 238                               }
 239                           )
 240                         }
 241         ;
 242
 243 /* An expression which may have a side-effect */
 244 sideff  :       error
 245                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 246         |       expr
 247                         { $$ = $1; }
 248         |       expr IF expr
 249                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1);
 250                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 251                         }
 252         |       expr UNLESS expr
 253                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1);
 254                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'i');
 255                         }
 256         |       expr WHILE expr
 257                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1);
 258                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 259                         }
 260         |       expr UNTIL iexpr
 261                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, $3, $1);
 262                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'w');
 263                         }
 264         |       expr FOR expr
 265                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, Nullch, (line_t)IVAL($2),
 266                                         Nullop, $3, $1, Nullop);
 267                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first->op_sibling,'w');
 268                         }
 269         ;
 270
 271 /* else and elsif blocks */
 272 else    :       /* NULL */
 273                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 274         |       ELSE mblock
 275                         { ($2)->op_flags |= OPf_PARENS; $$ = scope($2);
 276                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 277                         }
 278         |       ELSIF '(' mexpr ')' mblock else
 279                         { PL_copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 280                             $$ = newCONDOP(0, $3, scope($5), $6);
 281                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
 282                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 283                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 284                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 285                         }
 286         ;
 287
 288 /* Real conditional expressions */
 289 cond    :       IF '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock else
 290                         { PL_copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 291                             $$ = block_end($3,
 292                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 293                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 294                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 295                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 296                         }
 297         |       UNLESS '(' remember miexpr ')' mblock else
 298                         { PL_copline = (line_t)IVAL($1);
 299                             $$ = block_end($3,
 300                                    newCONDOP(0, $4, scope($6), $7));
 301                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'I');
 302                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 303                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 304                         }
 305         ;
 306
 307 /* Cases for a switch statement */
 308 case    :       WHEN '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock
 309         { $$ = block_end($3,
 310                 newWHENOP($4, scope($6))); }
 311         |       DEFAULT block
 312         { $$ = newWHENOP(0, scope($2)); }
 313         ;
 314
 315 /* Continue blocks */
 316 cont    :       /* NULL */
 317                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 318         |       CONTINUE block
 319                         { $$ = scope($2);
 320                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 321                         }
 322         ;
 323
 324 /* Loops: while, until, for, and a bare block */
 325 loop    :       label WHILE '(' remember texpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 326                         { OP *innerop;
 327                           PL_copline = (line_t)$2;
 328                             $$ = block_end($4,
 329                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 330                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 331                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 332                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 333                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 334                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 335                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 336                         }
 337
 338         |       label UNTIL '(' remember iexpr ')' mintro mblock cont
 339                         { OP *innerop;
 340                           PL_copline = (line_t)$2;
 341                             $$ = block_end($4,
 342                                    newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 343                                      innerop = newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 344                                                 IVAL($2), $5, $8, $9, $7)));
 345                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,innerop,'L');
 346                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,innerop,'W');
 347                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,innerop,'(');
 348                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,innerop,')');
 349                         }
 350         |       label FOR MY remember my_scalar '(' mexpr ')' mblock cont
 351                         { OP *innerop;
 352                           $$ = block_end($4,
 353                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 354                                             $5, $7, $9, $10));
 355                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 356                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 357                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'d');
 358                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 359                           TOKEN_GETMAD($8,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 360                         }
 361         |       label FOR scalar '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 362                         { OP *innerop;
 363                           $$ = block_end($5,
 364                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 365                                     mod($3, OP_ENTERLOOP), $6, $8, $9));
 366                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 367                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 368                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 369                           TOKEN_GETMAD($7,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 370                         }
 371         |       label FOR '(' remember mexpr ')' mblock cont
 372                         { OP *innerop;
 373                           $$ = block_end($4,
 374                              innerop = newFOROP(0, PVAL($1), (line_t)IVAL($2),
 375                                                     Nullop, $5, $7, $8));
 376                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first,'L');
 377                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'W');
 378                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,'(');
 379                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,((LISTOP*)innerop)->op_first->op_sibling,')');
 380                         }
 381         |       label FOR '(' remember mnexpr ';' texpr ';' mintro mnexpr ')'
 382                     mblock
 383                         /* basically fake up an initialize-while lineseq */
 384                         { OP *forop;
 385                           PL_copline = (line_t)IVAL($2);
 386                           forop = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 387                                             newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 388                                                 IVAL($2), scalar($7),
 389                                                 $12, $10, $9));
 390 #ifdef MAD
 391                           forop = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 392                                 newSTATEOP(0,
 393                                            CopLABEL_alloc(($1)->tk_lval.pval),
 394                                            ($5 ? newOP(OP_NULL, 0) : $5) ),
 395                                 forop));
 396
 397                           token_getmad($2,forop,'3');
 398                           token_getmad($3,forop,'(');
 399                           token_getmad($6,forop,'1');
 400                           token_getmad($8,forop,'2');
 401                           token_getmad($11,forop,')');
 402                           token_getmad($1,forop,'L');
 403 #else
 404                           if ($5) {
 405                                 forop = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
 406                                         newSTATEOP(0, CopLABEL_alloc($1), $5),
 407                                         forop);
 408                           }
 409
 410
 411 #endif
 412                           $$ = block_end($4, forop); }
 413         |       label block cont  /* a block is a loop that happens once */
 414                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 415                                  newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
 416                                             NOLINE, Nullop, $2, $3, 0));
 417                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,((LISTOP*)$$)->op_first,'L'); }
 418         ;
 419
 420 /* Switch blocks */
 421 switch  :       label GIVEN '(' remember mydefsv mexpr ')' mblock
 422                         { PL_copline = (line_t) $2;
 423                             $$ = block_end($4,
 424                                 newSTATEOP(0, PVAL($1),
 425                                     newGIVENOP($6, scope($8),
 426                                         (PADOFFSET) $5) )); }
 427         ;
 428
 429 /* determine whether there are any new my declarations */
 430 mintro  :       /* NULL */
 431                         { $$ = (PL_min_intro_pending &&
 432                             PL_max_intro_pending >=  PL_min_intro_pending);
 433                           intro_my(); }
 434
 435 /* Normal expression */
 436 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
 437                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 438         |       sideff
 439         ;
 440
 441 /* Boolean expression */
 442 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
 443                         { YYSTYPE tmplval;
 444                           (void)scan_num("1", &tmplval);
 445                           $$ = tmplval.opval; }
 446         |       expr
 447         ;
 448
 449 /* Inverted boolean expression */
 450 iexpr   :       expr
 451                         { $$ = invert(scalar($1)); }
 452         ;
 453
 454 /* Expression with its own lexical scope */
 455 mexpr   :       expr
 456                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 457         ;
 458
 459 mnexpr  :       nexpr
 460                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 461         ;
 462
 463 miexpr  :       iexpr
 464                         { $$ = $1; intro_my(); }
 465         ;
 466
 467 /* Optional "MAIN:"-style loop labels */
 468 label   :       /* empty */
 469                         {
 470 #ifdef MAD
 471                           YYSTYPE tmplval;
 472                           tmplval.pval = Nullch;
 473                           $$ = newTOKEN(OP_NULL, tmplval, 0);
 474 #else
 475                           $$ = Nullch;
 476 #endif
 477                         }
 478         |       LABEL
 479         ;
 480
 481 /* Some kind of declaration - just hang on peg in the parse tree */
 482 decl    :       format
 483                         { $$ = $1; }
 484         |       subrout
 485                         { $$ = $1; }
 486         |       mysubrout
 487                         { $$ = $1; }
 488         |       package
 489                         { $$ = $1; }
 490         |       use
 491                         { $$ = $1; }
 492
 493     /* these two are only used by MAD */
 494
 495         |       peg
 496                         { $$ = $1; }
 497         ;
 498
 499 peg     :       PEG
 500                         { $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 501                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'p');
 502                         }
 503         ;
 504
 505 format  :       FORMAT startformsub formname block
 506                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 507 #ifdef MAD
 508                           $$ = newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 509                           prepend_madprops($1->tk_mad, $$, 'F');
 510                           $1->tk_mad = 0;
 511                           token_free($1);
 512 #else
 513                           newFORM($2, $3, $4);
 514                           $$ = Nullop;
 515 #endif
 516                         }
 517         ;
 518
 519 formname:       WORD            { $$ = $1; }
 520         |       /* NULL */      { $$ = Nullop; }
 521         ;
 522
 523 /* Unimplemented "my sub foo { }" */
 524 mysubrout:      MYSUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 525                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 526 #ifdef MAD
 527                           $$ = newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 528                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 529 #else
 530                           newMYSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 531                           $$ = Nullop;
 532 #endif
 533                         }
 534         ;
 535
 536 /* Subroutine definition */
 537 subrout :       SUB startsub subname proto subattrlist subbody
 538                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 539 #ifdef MAD
 540                           OP* o = newSVOP(OP_ANONCODE, 0,
 541                             (SV*)newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6));
 542                           $$ = newOP(OP_NULL,0);
 543                           op_getmad(o,$$,'&');
 544                           op_getmad($3,$$,'n');
 545                           op_getmad($4,$$,'s');
 546                           op_getmad($5,$$,'a');
 547                           token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
 548                           append_madprops($6->op_madprop, $$, 0);
 549                           $6->op_madprop = 0;
 550 #else
 551                           newATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
 552                           $$ = Nullop;
 553 #endif
 554                         }
 555         ;
 556
 557 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a regular subroutine scope */
 558                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, 0);
 559                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 560
 561         ;
 562
 563 startanonsub:   /* NULL */      /* start an anonymous subroutine scope */
 564                         { $$ = start_subparse(FALSE, CVf_ANON);
 565                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 566         ;
 567
 568 startformsub:   /* NULL */      /* start a format subroutine scope */
 569                         { $$ = start_subparse(TRUE, 0);
 570                             SAVEFREESV(PL_compcv); }
 571         ;
 572
 573 /* Name of a subroutine - must be a bareword, could be special */
 574 subname :       WORD    { const char *const name = SvPV_nolen_const(((SVOP*)$1)->op_sv);
 575                           if (strEQ(name, "BEGIN") || strEQ(name, "END")
 576                               || strEQ(name, "INIT") || strEQ(name, "CHECK")
 577                               || strEQ(name, "UNITCHECK"))
 578                               CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv);
 579                           $$ = $1; }
 580         ;
 581
 582 /* Subroutine prototype */
 583 proto   :       /* NULL */
 584                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 585         |       THING
 586         ;
 587
 588 /* Optional list of subroutine attributes */
 589 subattrlist:    /* NULL */
 590                         { $$ = Nullop; }
 591         |       COLONATTR THING
 592                         { $$ = $2;
 593                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 594                         }
 595         |       COLONATTR
 596                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 597                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 598                                     Nullop
 599                                 );
 600                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 601                         }
 602         ;
 603
 604 /* List of attributes for a "my" variable declaration */
 605 myattrlist:     COLONATTR THING
 606                         { $$ = $2;
 607                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 608                         }
 609         |       COLONATTR
 610                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 611                                     newOP(OP_NULL, 0),
 612                                     Nullop
 613                                 );
 614                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,':');
 615                         }
 616         ;
 617
 618 /* Subroutine body - either null or a block */
 619 subbody :       block   { $$ = $1; }
 620         |       ';'     { $$ = IF_MAD(
 621                                     newOP(OP_NULL,0),
 622                                     Nullop
 623                                 );
 624                           PL_expect = XSTATE;
 625                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,';');
 626                         }
 627         ;
 628
 629 package :       PACKAGE WORD ';'
 630                         {
 631 #ifdef MAD
 632                           $$ = package($2);
 633                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 634                           token_getmad($3,$$,';');
 635 #else
 636                           package($2);
 637                           $$ = Nullop;
 638 #endif
 639                         }
 640         ;
 641
 642 use     :       USE startsub
 643                         { CvSPECIAL_on(PL_compcv); /* It's a BEGIN {} */ }
 644                     WORD WORD listexpr ';'
 645                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 646 #ifdef MAD
 647                           $$ = utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 648                           token_getmad($1,$$,'o');
 649                           token_getmad($7,$$,';');
 650                           if (PL_rsfp_filters && AvFILLp(PL_rsfp_filters) >= 0)
 651                               append_madprops(newMADPROP('!', MAD_PV, "", 0), $$, 0);
 652 #else
 653                           utilize(IVAL($1), $2, $4, $5, $6);
 654                           $$ = Nullop;
 655 #endif
 656                         }
 657         ;
 658
 659 /* Ordinary expressions; logical combinations */
 660 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
 661                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 662                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 663                         }
 664         |       expr OROP expr
 665                         { $$ = newLOGOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, $3);
 666                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 667                         }
 668         |       expr DOROP expr
 669                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 670                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 671                         }
 672         |       argexpr %prec PREC_LOW
 673         ;
 674
 675 /* Expressions are a list of terms joined by commas */
 676 argexpr :       argexpr ','
 677                         {
 678 #ifdef MAD
 679                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
 680                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
 681                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
 682 #else
 683                           $$ = $1;
 684 #endif
 685                         }
 686         |       argexpr ',' term
 687                         {
 688                           OP* term = $3;
 689                           DO_MAD(
 690                               term = newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, term);
 691                               token_getmad($2,term,',');
 692                           )
 693                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, term);
 694                         }
 695         |       term %prec PREC_LOW
 696         ;
 697
 698 /* List operators */
 699 listop  :       LSTOP indirob argexpr /* map {...} @args or print $fh @args */
 700                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 701                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$2), $3) );
 702                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 703                         }
 704         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'      /* print ($fh @args */
 705                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), OPf_STACKED,
 706                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF(IVAL($1),$3), $4) );
 707                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 708                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 709                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 710                         }
 711         |       term ARROW method '(' listexprcom ')' /* $foo->bar(list) */
 712                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 713                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 714                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1), $5),
 715                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 716                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 717                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'(');
 718                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,')');
 719                         }
 720         |       term ARROW method                     /* $foo->bar */
 721                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 722                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, scalar($1),
 723                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3)));
 724                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'A');
 725                         }
 726         |       METHOD indirob listexpr              /* new Class @args */
 727                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 728                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 729                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
 730                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 731                         }
 732         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' listexprcom ')' /* method $object (@args) */
 733                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 734                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
 735                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
 736                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1)));
 737                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 738                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 739                         }
 740         |       LSTOP listexpr                       /* print @args */
 741                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
 742                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 743                         }
 744         |       FUNC '(' listexprcom ')'             /* print (@args) */
 745                         { $$ = convert(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
 746                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 747                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 748                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 749                         }
 750         |       LSTOPSUB startanonsub block /* sub f(&@);   f { foo } ... */
 751                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
 752                           $<opval>$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, 0, Nullop, $3); }
 753                     listexpr            %prec LSTOP  /* ... @bar */
 754                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 755                                  append_elem(OP_LIST,
 756                                    prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $<opval>4, $5), $1));
 757                         }
 758         ;
 759
 760 /* Names of methods. May use $object->$methodname */
 761 method  :       METHOD
 762         |       scalar
 763         ;
 764
 765 /* Some kind of subscripted expression */
 766 subscripted:    star '{' expr ';' '}'        /* *main::{something} */
 767                         /* In this and all the hash accessors, ';' is
 768                          * provided by the tokeniser */
 769                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, $1, scalar($3));
 770                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
 771                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 772                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 773                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 774                         }
 775         |       scalar '[' expr ']'          /* $array[$element] */
 776                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3));
 777                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 778                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 779                         }
 780         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']'      /* somearef->[$element] */
 781                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 782                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 783                                         scalar($4));
 784                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 785                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 786                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 787                         }
 788         |       subscripted '[' expr ']'    /* $foo->[$bar]->[$baz] */
 789                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
 790                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
 791                                         scalar($3));
 792                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
 793                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
 794                         }
 795         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}'    /* $foo->{bar();} */
 796                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
 797                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
 798                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 799                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 800                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 801                         }
 802         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}' /* somehref->{bar();} */
 803                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 804                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 805                                         jmaybe($4));
 806                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
 807                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 808                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'{');
 809                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,';');
 810                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,'}');
 811                         }
 812         |       subscripted '{' expr ';' '}' /* $foo->[bar]->{baz;} */
 813                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
 814                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
 815                                         jmaybe($3));
 816                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
 817                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
 818                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
 819                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
 820                         }
 821         |       term ARROW '(' ')'          /* $subref->() */
 822                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 823                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 824                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 825                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 826                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 827                         }
 828         |       term ARROW '(' expr ')'     /* $subref->(@args) */
 829                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 830                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $4,
 831                                        newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 832                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'a');
 833                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
 834                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
 835                         }
 836
 837         |       subscripted '(' expr ')'   /* $foo->{bar}->(@args) */
 838                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 839                                    append_elem(OP_LIST, $3,
 840                                                newCVREF(0, scalar($1))));
 841                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 842                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
 843                         }
 844         |       subscripted '(' ')'        /* $foo->{bar}->() */
 845                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
 846                                    newCVREF(0, scalar($1)));
 847                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
 848                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 849                         }
 850         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'            /* list slice */
 851                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2);
 852                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 853                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
 854                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'[');
 855                           TOKEN_GETMAD($6,$$,']');
 856                         }
 857         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'                 /* empty list slice! */
 858                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, Nullop);
 859                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
 860                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
 861                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'[');
 862                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,']');
 863                         }
 864     ;
 865
 866 /* Binary operators between terms */
 867 termbinop:      term ASSIGNOP term                     /* $x = $y */
 868                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, IVAL($2), $3);
 869                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 870                         }
 871         |       term POWOP term                        /* $x ** $y */
 872                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 873                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 874                         }
 875         |       term MULOP term                        /* $x * $y, $x x $y */
 876                         {   if (IVAL($2) != OP_REPEAT)
 877                                 scalar($1);
 878                             $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, $1, scalar($3));
 879                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 880                         }
 881         |       term ADDOP term                        /* $x + $y */
 882                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 883                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 884                         }
 885         |       term SHIFTOP term                      /* $x >> $y, $x << $y */
 886                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 887                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 888                         }
 889         |       term RELOP term                        /* $x > $y, etc. */
 890                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 891                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 892                         }
 893         |       term EQOP term                         /* $x == $y, $x eq $y */
 894                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 895                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 896                         }
 897         |       term BITANDOP term                     /* $x & $y */
 898                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 899                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 900                         }
 901         |       term BITOROP term                      /* $x | $y */
 902                         { $$ = newBINOP(IVAL($2), 0, scalar($1), scalar($3));
 903                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 904                         }
 905         |       term DOTDOT term                       /* $x..$y, $x...$y */
 906                         {
 907                           $$ = newRANGE(IVAL($2), scalar($1), scalar($3));
 908                           DO_MAD(
 909                               UNOP *op;
 910                               op = (UNOP*)$$;
 911                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flop */
 912                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to flip */
 913                               op = (UNOP*)op->op_first; /* get to range */
 914                               token_getmad($2,(OP*)op,'o');
 915                             )
 916                         }
 917         |       term ANDAND term                       /* $x && $y */
 918                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3);
 919                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 920                         }
 921         |       term OROR term                         /* $x || $y */
 922                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3);
 923                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 924                         }
 925         |       term DORDOR term                       /* $x // $y */
 926                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_DOR, 0, $1, $3);
 927                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 928                         }
 929         |       term MATCHOP term                      /* $x =~ /$y/ */
 930                         { $$ = bind_match(IVAL($2), $1, $3);
 931                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,
 932                                 ($$->op_type == OP_NOT
 933                                     ? ((UNOP*)$$)->op_first : $$),
 934                                 '~');
 935                         }
 936     ;
 937
 938 /* Unary operators and terms */
 939 termunop : '-' term %prec UMINUS                       /* -$x */
 940                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2));
 941                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 942                         }
 943         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS                  /* +$x */
 944                         { $$ = IF_MAD(
 945                                     newUNOP(OP_NULL, 0, $2),
 946                                     $2
 947                                 );
 948                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'+');
 949                         }
 950         |       '!' term                               /* !$x */
 951                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
 952                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 953                         }
 954         |       '~' term                               /* ~$x */
 955                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));
 956                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 957                         }
 958         |       term POSTINC                           /* $x++ */
 959                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
 960                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC));
 961                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 962                         }
 963         |       term POSTDEC                           /* $x-- */
 964                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
 965                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC));
 966                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'o');
 967                         }
 968         |       PREINC term                            /* ++$x */
 969                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
 970                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREINC));
 971                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 972                         }
 973         |       PREDEC term                            /* --$x */
 974                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
 975                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC));
 976                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
 977                         }
 978
 979     ;
 980
 981 /* Constructors for anonymous data */
 982 anonymous:      '[' expr ']'
 983                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2);
 984                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
 985                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,']');
 986                         }
 987         |       '[' ']'
 988                         { $$ = newANONLIST(Nullop);
 989                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'[');
 990                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,']');
 991                         }
 992         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'  %prec '(' /* { foo => "Bar" } */
 993                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2);
 994                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
 995                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,';');
 996                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,'}');
 997                         }
 998         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'       %prec '(' /* { } (';' by tokener) */
 999                         { $$ = newANONHASH(Nullop);
1000                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'{');
1001                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,';');
1002                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'}');
1003                         }
1004         |       ANONSUB startanonsub proto subattrlist block    %prec '('
1005                         { SvREFCNT_inc(PL_compcv);
1006                           $$ = newANONATTRSUB($2, $3, $4, $5);
1007                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1008                           OP_GETMAD($3,$$,'s');
1009                           OP_GETMAD($4,$$,'a');
1010                         }
1011
1012     ;
1013
1014 /* Things called with "do" */
1015 termdo  :       DO term %prec UNIOP                     /* do $filename */
1016                         { $$ = dofile($2, IVAL($1));
1017                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1018                         }
1019         |       DO block        %prec '('               /* do { code */
1020                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, scope($2));
1021                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'D');
1022                         }
1023         |       DO WORD '(' ')'                         /* do somesub() */
1024                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1025                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1026                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1027                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1028                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1029                                     scalar($2)
1030                                 )),Nullop)); dep();
1031                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1032                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1033                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1034                         }
1035         |       DO WORD '(' expr ')'                    /* do somesub(@args) */
1036                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
1037                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1038                             append_elem(OP_LIST,
1039                                 $4,
1040                                 scalar(newCVREF(
1041                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
1042                                     scalar($2)
1043                                 )))); dep();
1044                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1045                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1046                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1047                         }
1048         |       DO scalar '(' ')'                      /* do $subref () */
1049                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1050                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1051                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), Nullop)); dep();
1052                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1053                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1054                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1055                         }
1056         |       DO scalar '(' expr ')'                 /* do $subref (@args) */
1057                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
1058                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
1059                                 $4,
1060                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();
1061                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1062                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,'(');
1063                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,')');
1064                         }
1065
1066         ;
1067
1068 term    :       termbinop
1069         |       termunop
1070         |       anonymous
1071         |       termdo
1072         |       term '?' term ':' term
1073                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5);
1074                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'?');
1075                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,':');
1076                         }
1077         |       REFGEN term                          /* \$x, \@y, \%z */
1078                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, mod($2,OP_REFGEN));
1079                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1080                         }
1081         |       myattrterm      %prec UNIOP
1082                         { $$ = $1; }
1083         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
1084                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1085                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1086                         }
1087         |       '(' expr ')'
1088                         { $$ = sawparens(IF_MAD(newUNOP(OP_NULL,0,$2), $2));
1089                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1090                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1091                         }
1092         |       '(' ')'
1093                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1094                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1095                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1096                         }
1097         |       scalar  %prec '('
1098                         { $$ = $1; }
1099         |       star    %prec '('
1100                         { $$ = $1; }
1101         |       hsh     %prec '('
1102                         { $$ = $1; }
1103         |       ary     %prec '('
1104                         { $$ = $1; }
1105         |       arylen  %prec '('                    /* $#x, $#{ something } */
1106                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
1107         |       subscripted
1108                         { $$ = $1; }
1109         |       ary '[' expr ']'                     /* array slice */
1110                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
1111                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1112                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
1113                                         list($3),
1114                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE)));
1115                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'[');
1116                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,']');
1117                         }
1118         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'                 /* @hash{@keys} */
1119                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
1120                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
1121                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
1122                                         list($3),
1123                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
1124                             PL_expect = XOPERATOR;
1125                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'{');
1126                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,';');
1127                           TOKEN_GETMAD($5,$$,'}');
1128                         }
1129         |       THING   %prec '('
1130                         { $$ = $1; }
1131         |       amper                                /* &foo; */
1132                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
1133         |       amper '(' ')'                        /* &foo() */
1134                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1));
1135                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1136                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1137                         }
1138         |       amper '(' expr ')'                   /* &foo(@args) */
1139                         {
1140                           $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1141                                 append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1)));
1142                           DO_MAD(
1143                               OP* op = $$;
1144                               if (op->op_type == OP_CONST) { /* defeat const fold */
1145                                 op = (OP*)op->op_madprop->mad_val;
1146                               }
1147                               token_getmad($2,op,'(');
1148                               token_getmad($4,op,')');
1149                           )
1150                         }
1151         |       NOAMP WORD listexpr                  /* foo(@args) */
1152                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1153                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2)));
1154                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1155                         }
1156         |       LOOPEX  /* loop exiting command (goto, last, dump, etc) */
1157                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1158                             PL_hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE;
1159                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1160                         }
1161         |       LOOPEX term
1162                         { $$ = newLOOPEX(IVAL($1),$2);
1163                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1164                         }
1165         |       NOTOP argexpr                        /* not $foo */
1166                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2));
1167                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1168                         }
1169         |       UNIOP                                /* Unary op, $_ implied */
1170                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1171                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1172                         }
1173         |       UNIOP block                          /* eval { foo }* */
1174                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1175                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1176                         }
1177         |       UNIOP term                           /* Unary op */
1178                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $2);
1179                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1180                         }
1181         |       REQUIRE                              /* require, $_ implied *//* FIMXE for MAD needed? */
1182                         { $$ = newOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0); }
1183         |       REQUIRE term                         /* require Foo *//* FIMXE for MAD needed? */
1184                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REQUIRE, $1 ? OPf_SPECIAL : 0, $2); }
1185         |       UNIOPSUB
1186                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
1187         |       UNIOPSUB term                        /* Sub treated as unop */
1188                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1189                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
1190         |       FUNC0                                /* Nullary operator */
1191                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1192                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1193                         }
1194         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
1195                         { $$ = newOP(IVAL($1), 0);
1196                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1197                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1198                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1199                         }
1200         |       FUNC0SUB                             /* Sub treated as nullop */
1201                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
1202                                 scalar($1)); }
1203         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'                        /* not () */
1204                         { $$ = (IVAL($1) == OP_NOT)
1205                             ? newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSViv(0)))
1206                             : newOP(IVAL($1), OPf_SPECIAL);
1207
1208                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1209                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1210                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1211                         }
1212         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'                   /* not($foo) */
1213                         { $$ = newUNOP(IVAL($1), 0, $3);
1214                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'o');
1215                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1216                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1217                         }
1218         |       PMFUNC '(' argexpr ')'          /* m//, s///, tr/// */
1219                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, 1);
1220                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,'(');
1221                           TOKEN_GETMAD($4,$$,')');
1222                         }
1223         |       WORD
1224         |       listop
1225         ;
1226
1227 /* "my" declarations, with optional attributes */
1228 myattrterm:     MY myterm myattrlist
1229                         { $$ = my_attrs($2,$3);
1230                           DO_MAD(
1231                               token_getmad($1,$$,'d');
1232                               append_madprops($3->op_madprop, $$, 'a');
1233                               $3->op_madprop = 0;
1234                           )
1235                         }
1236         |       MY myterm
1237                         { $$ = localize($2,IVAL($1));
1238                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'d');
1239                         }
1240         ;
1241
1242 /* Things that can be "my"'d */
1243 myterm  :       '(' expr ')'
1244                         { $$ = sawparens($2);
1245                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1246                           TOKEN_GETMAD($3,$$,')');
1247                         }
1248         |       '(' ')'
1249                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST());
1250                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'(');
1251                           TOKEN_GETMAD($2,$$,')');
1252                         }
1253         |       scalar  %prec '('
1254                         { $$ = $1; }
1255         |       hsh     %prec '('
1256                         { $$ = $1; }
1257         |       ary     %prec '('
1258                         { $$ = $1; }
1259         ;
1260
1261 /* Basic list expressions */
1262 listexpr:       /* NULL */ %prec PREC_LOW
1263                         { $$ = Nullop; }
1264         |       argexpr    %prec PREC_LOW
1265                         { $$ = $1; }
1266         ;
1267
1268 listexprcom:    /* NULL */
1269                         { $$ = Nullop; }
1270         |       expr
1271                         { $$ = $1; }
1272         |       expr ','
1273                         {
1274 #ifdef MAD
1275                           OP* op = newNULLLIST();
1276                           token_getmad($2,op,',');
1277                           $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, op);
1278 #else
1279                           $$ = $1;
1280 #endif
1281
1282                         }
1283         ;
1284
1285 /* A little bit of trickery to make "for my $foo (@bar)" actually be
1286    lexical */
1287 my_scalar:      scalar
1288                         { PL_in_my = 0; $$ = my($1); }
1289         ;
1290
1291 amper   :       '&' indirob
1292                         { $$ = newCVREF(IVAL($1),$2);
1293                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'&');
1294                         }
1295         ;
1296
1297 scalar  :       '$' indirob
1298                         { $$ = newSVREF($2);
1299                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'$');
1300                         }
1301         ;
1302
1303 ary     :       '@' indirob
1304                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1305                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'@');
1306                         }
1307         ;
1308
1309 hsh     :       '%' indirob
1310                         { $$ = newHVREF($2);
1311                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'%');
1312                         }
1313         ;
1314
1315 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
1316                         { $$ = newAVREF($2);
1317                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'l');
1318                         }
1319         ;
1320
1321 star    :       '*' indirob
1322                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2);
1323                           TOKEN_GETMAD($1,$$,'*');
1324                         }
1325         ;
1326
1327 /* Indirect objects */
1328 indirob :       WORD
1329                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1330         |       scalar %prec PREC_LOW
1331                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
1332         |       block
1333                         { $$ = scope($1); }
1334
1335         |       PRIVATEREF
1336                         { $$ = $1; }
1337         ;