perl 5.003_01: pod/perltie.pod
[p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git] / perly.y
1 /*    perly.y
2  *
3  *    Copyright (c) 1991-1994, Larry Wall
4  *
5  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
7  *
8  */
9
10 /*
11  * 'I see,' laughed Strider.  'I look foul and feel fair.  Is that it?
12  * All that is gold does not glitter, not all those that wander are lost.'
13  */
14
15 %{
16 #include "EXTERN.h"
17 #include "perl.h"
18
19 static void
20 dep()
21 {
22     deprecate("\"do\" to call subroutines");
23 }
24
25 %}
26
27 %start prog
28
29 %union {
30     I32 ival;
31     char *pval;
32     OP *opval;
33     GV *gvval;
34 }
35
36 %token <ival> '{' ')'
37
38 %token <opval> WORD METHOD FUNCMETH THING PMFUNC PRIVATEREF
39 %token <opval> FUNC0SUB UNIOPSUB LSTOPSUB
40 %token <pval> LABEL
41 %token <ival> FORMAT SUB ANONSUB PACKAGE USE
42 %token <ival> WHILE UNTIL IF UNLESS ELSE ELSIF CONTINUE FOR
43 %token <ival> LOOPEX DOTDOT
44 %token <ival> FUNC0 FUNC1 FUNC
45 %token <ival> RELOP EQOP MULOP ADDOP
46 %token <ival> DOLSHARP DO LOCAL HASHBRACK NOAMP
47
48 %type <ival> prog decl format remember startsub '&'
49 %type <opval> block lineseq line loop cond nexpr else argexpr
50 %type <opval> expr term scalar ary hsh arylen star amper sideff
51 %type <opval> listexpr listexprcom indirob
52 %type <opval> texpr listop method proto
53 %type <pval> label
54 %type <opval> cont
55
56 %left <ival> OROP
57 %left ANDOP
58 %right NOTOP
59 %nonassoc <ival> LSTOP
60 %left ','
61 %right <ival> ASSIGNOP
62 %right '?' ':'
63 %nonassoc DOTDOT
64 %left OROR
65 %left ANDAND
66 %left <ival> BITOROP
67 %left <ival> BITANDOP
68 %nonassoc EQOP
69 %nonassoc RELOP
70 %nonassoc <ival> UNIOP
71 %left <ival> SHIFTOP
72 %left ADDOP
73 %left MULOP
74 %left <ival> MATCHOP
75 %right '!' '~' UMINUS REFGEN
76 %right <ival> POWOP
77 %nonassoc PREINC PREDEC POSTINC POSTDEC
78 %left ARROW
79 %left '('
80
81 %% /* RULES */
82
83 prog    :       /* NULL */
84                 {
85 #if defined(YYDEBUG) && defined(DEBUGGING)
86                     yydebug = (debug & 1);
87 #endif
88                     expect = XSTATE;
89                 }
90         /*CONTINUED*/   lineseq
91                         { newPROG($2); }
92         ;
93
94 block   :       '{' remember lineseq '}'
95                         { $$ = block_end($1,$2,$3); }
96         ;
97
98 remember:       /* NULL */      /* start a lexical scope */
99                         { $$ = block_start(); }
100         ;
101
102 lineseq :       /* NULL */
103                         { $$ = Nullop; }
104         |       lineseq decl
105                         { $$ = $1; }
106         |       lineseq line
107                         {   $$ = append_list(OP_LINESEQ,
108                                 (LISTOP*)$1, (LISTOP*)$2);
109                             pad_reset_pending = TRUE;
110                             if ($1 && $2) hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
111         ;
112
113 line    :       label cond
114                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1, $2); }
115         |       loop    /* loops add their own labels */
116         |       label ';'
117                         { if ($1 != Nullch) {
118                               $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1, newOP(OP_NULL, 0));
119                             }
120                             else {
121                               $$ = Nullop;
122                               copline = NOLINE;
123                             }
124                             expect = XSTATE; }
125         |       label sideff ';'
126                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1, $2);
127                           expect = XSTATE; }
128         ;
129
130 sideff  :       error
131                         { $$ = Nullop; }
132         |       expr
133                         { $$ = $1; }
134         |       expr IF expr
135                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $3, $1); }
136         |       expr UNLESS expr
137                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $3, $1); }
138         |       expr WHILE expr
139                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, scalar($3), $1); }
140         |       expr UNTIL expr
141                         { $$ = newLOOPOP(OPf_PARENS, 1, invert(scalar($3)), $1);}
142         ;
143
144 else    :       /* NULL */
145                         { $$ = Nullop; }
146         |       ELSE block
147                         { $$ = scope($2); }
148         |       ELSIF '(' expr ')' block else
149                         { copline = $1;
150                             $$ = newSTATEOP(0, 0,
151                                 newCONDOP(0, $3, scope($5), $6));
152                             hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
153         ;
154
155 cond    :       IF '(' expr ')' block else
156                         { copline = $1;
157                             $$ = newCONDOP(0, $3, scope($5), $6); }
158         |       UNLESS '(' expr ')' block else
159                         { copline = $1;
160                             $$ = newCONDOP(0,
161                                 invert(scalar($3)), scope($5), $6); }
162         |       IF block block else
163                         { copline = $1;
164                             deprecate("if BLOCK BLOCK");
165                             $$ = newCONDOP(0, scope($2), scope($3), $4); }
166         |       UNLESS block block else
167                         { copline = $1;
168                             deprecate("unless BLOCK BLOCK");
169                             $$ = newCONDOP(0, invert(scalar(scope($2))),
170                                                 scope($3), $4); }
171         ;
172
173 cont    :       /* NULL */
174                         { $$ = Nullop; }
175         |       CONTINUE block
176                         { $$ = scope($2); }
177         ;
178
179 loop    :       label WHILE '(' texpr ')' block cont
180                         { copline = $2;
181                             $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1,
182                                     newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
183                                         $4, $6, $7) ); }
184         |       label UNTIL '(' expr ')' block cont
185                         { copline = $2;
186                             $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1,
187                                     newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
188                                         invert(scalar($4)), $6, $7) ); }
189         |       label WHILE block block cont
190                         { copline = $2;
191                             $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1,
192                                     newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
193                                         scope($3), $4, $5) ); }
194         |       label UNTIL block block cont
195                         { copline = $2;
196                             $$ = newSTATEOP(0, $1,
197                                     newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
198                                         invert(scalar(scope($3))), $4, $5)); }
199         |       label FOR scalar '(' expr ')' block cont
200                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, $1, $2, mod($3, OP_ENTERLOOP),
201                                 $5, $7, $8); }
202         |       label FOR '(' expr ')' block cont
203                         { $$ = newFOROP(0, $1, $2, Nullop, $4, $6, $7); }
204         |       label FOR '(' nexpr ';' texpr ';' nexpr ')' block
205                         /* basically fake up an initialize-while lineseq */
206                         {  copline = $2;
207                             $$ = append_elem(OP_LINESEQ,
208                                     newSTATEOP(0, $1, scalar($4)),
209                                     newSTATEOP(0, $1,
210                                         newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
211                                             scalar($6), $10, scalar($8)) )); }
212         |       label block cont  /* a block is a loop that happens once */
213                         { $$ = newSTATEOP(0,
214                                 $1, newWHILEOP(0, 1, (LOOP*)Nullop,
215                                         Nullop, $2, $3)); }
216         ;
217
218 nexpr   :       /* NULL */
219                         { $$ = Nullop; }
220         |       sideff
221         ;
222
223 texpr   :       /* NULL means true */
224                         { (void)scan_num("1"); $$ = yylval.opval; }
225         |       expr
226         ;
227
228 label   :       /* empty */
229                         { $$ = Nullch; }
230         |       LABEL
231         ;
232
233 decl    :       format
234                         { $$ = 0; }
235         |       subrout
236                         { $$ = 0; }
237         |       package
238                         { $$ = 0; }
239         |       use
240                         { $$ = 0; }
241         ;
242
243 format  :       FORMAT startsub WORD block
244                         { newFORM($2, $3, $4); }
245         |       FORMAT startsub block
246                         { newFORM($2, Nullop, $3); }
247         ;
248
249 subrout :       SUB startsub WORD proto block
250                         { newSUB($2, $3, $4, $5); }
251         |       SUB startsub WORD proto ';'
252                         { newSUB($2, $3, $4, Nullop); expect = XSTATE; }
253         ;
254
255 proto   :       /* NULL */
256                         { $$ = Nullop; }
257         |       THING
258         ;
259                 
260 startsub:       /* NULL */      /* start a subroutine scope */
261                         { $$ = start_subparse(); }
262         ;
263
264 package :       PACKAGE WORD ';'
265                         { package($2); }
266         |       PACKAGE ';'
267                         { package(Nullop); }
268         ;
269
270 use     :       USE startsub WORD WORD listexpr ';'
271                         { utilize($1, $2, $3, $4, $5); }
272         ;
273
274 expr    :       expr ANDOP expr
275                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
276         |       expr OROP expr
277                         { $$ = newLOGOP($2, 0, $1, $3); }
278         |       argexpr
279         ;
280
281 argexpr :       argexpr ','
282                         { $$ = $1; }
283         |       argexpr ',' term
284                         { $$ = append_elem(OP_LIST, $1, $3); }
285         |       term
286         ;
287
288 listop  :       LSTOP indirob argexpr
289                         { $$ = convert($1, OPf_STACKED,
290                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$2), $3) ); }
291         |       FUNC '(' indirob expr ')'
292                         { $$ = convert($1, OPf_STACKED,
293                                 prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newGVREF($1,$3), $4) ); }
294         |       term ARROW method '(' listexprcom ')'
295                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
296                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
297                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $1, $5),
298                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $3))); }
299         |       METHOD indirob listexpr
300                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
301                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
302                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $3),
303                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1))); }
304         |       FUNCMETH indirob '(' listexprcom ')'
305                         { $$ = convert(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
306                                 append_elem(OP_LIST,
307                                     prepend_elem(OP_LIST, $2, $4),
308                                     newUNOP(OP_METHOD, 0, $1))); }
309         |       LSTOP listexpr
310                         { $$ = convert($1, 0, $2); }
311         |       FUNC '(' listexprcom ')'
312                         { $$ = convert($1, 0, $3); }
313         |       LSTOPSUB startsub block listexpr        %prec LSTOP
314                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
315                             append_elem(OP_LIST,
316                               prepend_elem(OP_LIST, newANONSUB($2, 0, $3), $4),
317                               $1)); }
318         ;
319
320 method  :       METHOD
321         |       scalar
322         ;
323
324 term    :       term ASSIGNOP term
325                         { $$ = newASSIGNOP(OPf_STACKED, $1, $2, $3); }
326         |       term POWOP term
327                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
328         |       term MULOP term
329                         {   if ($2 != OP_REPEAT)
330                                 scalar($1);
331                             $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, $1, scalar($3)); }
332         |       term ADDOP term
333                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
334         |       term SHIFTOP term
335                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
336         |       term RELOP term
337                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
338         |       term EQOP term
339                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
340         |       term BITANDOP term
341                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
342         |       term BITOROP term
343                         { $$ = newBINOP($2, 0, scalar($1), scalar($3)); }
344         |       term DOTDOT term
345                         { $$ = newRANGE($2, scalar($1), scalar($3));}
346         |       term ANDAND term
347                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_AND, 0, $1, $3); }
348         |       term OROR term
349                         { $$ = newLOGOP(OP_OR, 0, $1, $3); }
350         |       term '?' term ':' term
351                         { $$ = newCONDOP(0, $1, $3, $5); }
352         |       term MATCHOP term
353                         { $$ = bind_match($2, $1, $3); }
354
355         |       '-' term %prec UMINUS
356                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NEGATE, 0, scalar($2)); }
357         |       '+' term %prec UMINUS
358                         { $$ = $2; }
359         |       '!' term
360                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
361         |       '~' term
362                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_COMPLEMENT, 0, scalar($2));}
363         |       REFGEN term
364                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_REFGEN, 0, mod($2,OP_REFGEN)); }
365         |       term POSTINC
366                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTINC, 0,
367                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTINC)); }
368         |       term POSTDEC
369                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_POSTDEC, 0,
370                                         mod(scalar($1), OP_POSTDEC)); }
371         |       PREINC term
372                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREINC, 0,
373                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREINC)); }
374         |       PREDEC term
375                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_PREDEC, 0,
376                                         mod(scalar($2), OP_PREDEC)); }
377         |       LOCAL term      %prec UNIOP
378                         { $$ = localize($2,$1); }
379         |       '(' expr ')'
380                         { $$ = sawparens($2); }
381         |       '(' ')'
382                         { $$ = sawparens(newNULLLIST()); }
383         |       '[' expr ']'                            %prec '('
384                         { $$ = newANONLIST($2); }
385         |       '[' ']'                                 %prec '('
386                         { $$ = newANONLIST(Nullop); }
387         |       HASHBRACK expr ';' '}'                  %prec '('
388                         { $$ = newANONHASH($2); }
389         |       HASHBRACK ';' '}'                               %prec '('
390                         { $$ = newANONHASH(Nullop); }
391         |       ANONSUB startsub proto block                    %prec '('
392                         { $$ = newANONSUB($2, $3, $4); }
393         |       scalar  %prec '('
394                         { $$ = $1; }
395         |       star '{' expr ';' '}'
396                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_GELEM, 0, newGVREF(0,$1), $3); }
397         |       star    %prec '('
398                         { $$ = $1; }
399         |       scalar '[' expr ']'     %prec '('
400                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0, oopsAV($1), scalar($3)); }
401         |       term ARROW '[' expr ']' %prec '('
402                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
403                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
404                                         scalar($4));}
405         |       term '[' expr ']'       %prec '('
406                         { assertref($1); $$ = newBINOP(OP_AELEM, 0,
407                                         ref(newAVREF($1),OP_RV2AV),
408                                         scalar($3));}
409         |       hsh     %prec '('
410                         { $$ = $1; }
411         |       ary     %prec '('
412                         { $$ = $1; }
413         |       arylen  %prec '('
414                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_AV2ARYLEN, 0, ref($1, OP_AV2ARYLEN));}
415         |       scalar '{' expr ';' '}' %prec '('
416                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0, oopsHV($1), jmaybe($3));
417                             expect = XOPERATOR; }
418         |       term ARROW '{' expr ';' '}'     %prec '('
419                         { $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
420                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
421                                         jmaybe($4));
422                             expect = XOPERATOR; }
423         |       term '{' expr ';' '}'   %prec '('
424                         { assertref($1); $$ = newBINOP(OP_HELEM, 0,
425                                         ref(newHVREF($1),OP_RV2HV),
426                                         jmaybe($3));
427                             expect = XOPERATOR; }
428         |       '(' expr ')' '[' expr ']'       %prec '('
429                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $5, $2); }
430         |       '(' ')' '[' expr ']'    %prec '('
431                         { $$ = newSLICEOP(0, $4, Nullop); }
432         |       ary '[' expr ']'        %prec '('
433                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_ASLICE,
434                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
435                                     newLISTOP(OP_ASLICE, 0,
436                                         list($3),
437                                         ref($1, OP_ASLICE))); }
438         |       ary '{' expr ';' '}'    %prec '('
439                         { $$ = prepend_elem(OP_HSLICE,
440                                 newOP(OP_PUSHMARK, 0),
441                                     newLISTOP(OP_HSLICE, 0,
442                                         list($3),
443                                         ref(oopsHV($1), OP_HSLICE)));
444                             expect = XOPERATOR; }
445         |       THING   %prec '('
446                         { $$ = $1; }
447         |       amper
448                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0, scalar($1)); }
449         |       amper '(' ')'
450                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED, scalar($1)); }
451         |       amper '(' expr ')'
452                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
453                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($1))); }
454         |       NOAMP WORD listexpr
455                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
456                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $3, scalar($2))); }
457         |       DO term %prec UNIOP
458                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_DOFILE, 0, scalar($2)); }
459         |       DO block        %prec '('
460                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NULL, OPf_SPECIAL, scope($2)); }
461         |       DO WORD '(' ')'
462                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
463                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
464                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
465                                 scalar(newCVREF(
466                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
467                                     scalar($2)
468                                 )),Nullop)); dep();}
469         |       DO WORD '(' expr ')'
470                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB,
471                             OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
472                             append_elem(OP_LIST,
473                                 $4,
474                                 scalar(newCVREF(
475                                     (OPpENTERSUB_AMPER<<8),
476                                     scalar($2)
477                                 )))); dep();}
478         |       DO scalar '(' ')'
479                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
480                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
481                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))), Nullop)); dep();}
482         |       DO scalar '(' expr ')'
483                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_SPECIAL|OPf_STACKED,
484                             prepend_elem(OP_LIST,
485                                 $4,
486                                 scalar(newCVREF(0,scalar($2))))); dep();}
487         |       LOOPEX
488                         { $$ = newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL);
489                             hints |= HINT_BLOCK_SCOPE; }
490         |       LOOPEX term
491                         { $$ = newLOOPEX($1,$2); }
492         |       NOTOP argexpr
493                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_NOT, 0, scalar($2)); }
494         |       UNIOP
495                         { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
496         |       UNIOP block
497                         { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
498         |       UNIOP term
499                         { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $2); }
500         |       UNIOPSUB term
501                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, OPf_STACKED,
502                             append_elem(OP_LIST, $2, scalar($1))); }
503         |       FUNC0
504                         { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
505         |       FUNC0 '(' ')'
506                         { $$ = newOP($1, 0); }
507         |       FUNC0SUB
508                         { $$ = newUNOP(OP_ENTERSUB, 0,
509                                 scalar($1)); }
510         |       FUNC1 '(' ')'
511                         { $$ = newOP($1, OPf_SPECIAL); }
512         |       FUNC1 '(' expr ')'
513                         { $$ = newUNOP($1, 0, $3); }
514         |       PMFUNC '(' term ')'
515                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, Nullop); }
516         |       PMFUNC '(' term ',' term ')'
517                         { $$ = pmruntime($1, $3, $5); }
518         |       WORD
519         |       listop
520         ;
521
522 listexpr:       /* NULL */
523                         { $$ = Nullop; }
524         |       argexpr
525                         { $$ = $1; }
526         ;
527
528 listexprcom:    /* NULL */
529                         { $$ = Nullop; }
530         |       expr
531                         { $$ = $1; }
532         |       expr ','
533                         { $$ = $1; }
534         ;
535
536 amper   :       '&' indirob
537                         { $$ = newCVREF($1,$2); }
538         ;
539
540 scalar  :       '$' indirob
541                         { $$ = newSVREF($2); }
542         ;
543
544 ary     :       '@' indirob
545                         { $$ = newAVREF($2); }
546         ;
547
548 hsh     :       '%' indirob
549                         { $$ = newHVREF($2); }
550         ;
551
552 arylen  :       DOLSHARP indirob
553                         { $$ = newAVREF($2); }
554         ;
555
556 star    :       '*' indirob
557                         { $$ = newGVREF(0,$2); }
558         ;
559
560 indirob :       WORD
561                         { $$ = scalar($1); }
562         |       scalar
563                         { $$ = scalar($1);  }
564         |       block
565                         { $$ = scope($1); }
566
567         |       PRIVATEREF
568                         { $$ = $1; }
569         ;
570
571 %% /* PROGRAM */