3 * Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * "A ship then new they built for him/of mithril and of elven glass" --Bilbo
15 /* This file contains the top-level functions that are used to create, use
16 * and destroy a perl interpreter, plus the functions used by XS code to
17 * call back into perl. Note that it does not contain the actual main()
18 * function of the interpreter; that can be found in perlmain.c
23 * Be proud that perl(1) may proclaim:
24 * Setuid Perl scripts are safer than C programs ...
25 * Do not abandon (deprecate) suidperl. Do not advocate C wrappers.
27 * The flow was: perl starts, notices script is suid, execs suidperl with same
28 * arguments; suidperl opens script, checks many things, sets itself with
29 * right UID, execs perl with similar arguments but with script pre-opened on
30 * /dev/fd/xxx; perl checks script is as should be and does work. This was
31 * insecure: see perlsec(1) for many problems with this approach.
33 * The "correct" flow should be: perl starts, opens script and notices it is
34 * suid, checks many things, execs suidperl with similar arguments but with
35 * script on /dev/fd/xxx; suidperl checks script and /dev/fd/xxx object are
36 * same, checks arguments match #! line, sets itself with right UID, execs
37 * perl with same arguments; perl checks many things and does work.
39 * (Opening the script in perl instead of suidperl, we "lose" scripts that
40 * are readable to the target UID but not to the invoker. Where did
41 * unreadable scripts work anyway?)
43 * For now, suidperl and perl are pretty much the same large and cumbersome
44 * program, so suidperl can check its argument list (see comments elsewhere).
47 * Original bug report:
48 * http://bugs.perl.org/index.html?req=bug_id&bug_id=20010322.218
49 * http://rt.perl.org/rt2/Ticket/Display.html?id=6511
50 * Comments and discussion with Debian:
51 * http://bugs.debian.org/203426
52 * http://bugs.debian.org/220486
53 * Debian Security Advisory DSA 431-1 (does not fully fix problem):
54 * http://www.debian.org/security/2004/dsa-431
56 * http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2003-0618
57 * Previous versions of this patch sent to perl5-porters:
58 * http://www.mail-archive.com/perl5-porters@perl.org/msg71953.html
59 * http://www.mail-archive.com/perl5-porters@perl.org/msg75245.html
60 * http://www.mail-archive.com/perl5-porters@perl.org/msg75563.html
61 * http://www.mail-archive.com/perl5-porters@perl.org/msg75635.html
63 Paul Szabo - psz@maths.usyd.edu.au http://www.maths.usyd.edu.au:8000/u/psz/
64 School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sydney 2006 Australia
68 * Use truthful, neat, specific error messages.
69 * Cannot always hide the truth; security must not depend on doing so.
73 * Use global(?), thread-local fdscript for easier checks.
74 * (I do not understand how we could possibly get a thread race:
75 * do not all threads go through the same initialization? Or in
76 * fact, are not threads started only after we get the script and
77 * so know what to do? Oh well, make things super-safe...)
81 #define PERL_IN_PERL_C
83 #include "patchlevel.h" /* for local_patches */
87 char *nw_get_sitelib(const char *pl);
90 /* XXX If this causes problems, set i_unistd=undef in the hint file. */
107 #if !defined(STANDARD_C) && !defined(HAS_GETENV_PROTOTYPE) && !defined(PERL_MICRO)
108 char *getenv (char *); /* Usually in <stdlib.h> */
111 static I32 read_e_script(pTHX_ int idx, SV *buf_sv, int maxlen);
119 #ifdef SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW
125 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
126 # define INIT_TLS_AND_INTERP \
128 if (!PL_curinterp) { \
129 PERL_SET_INTERP(my_perl); \
132 PERL_SET_THX(my_perl); \
134 MUTEX_INIT(&PL_dollarzero_mutex); \
137 PERL_SET_THX(my_perl); \
141 # define INIT_TLS_AND_INTERP \
143 if (!PL_curinterp) { \
144 PERL_SET_INTERP(my_perl); \
146 PERL_SET_THX(my_perl); \
150 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
152 perl_alloc_using(struct IPerlMem* ipM, struct IPerlMem* ipMS,
153 struct IPerlMem* ipMP, struct IPerlEnv* ipE,
154 struct IPerlStdIO* ipStd, struct IPerlLIO* ipLIO,
155 struct IPerlDir* ipD, struct IPerlSock* ipS,
156 struct IPerlProc* ipP)
158 PerlInterpreter *my_perl;
159 /* New() needs interpreter, so call malloc() instead */
160 my_perl = (PerlInterpreter*)(*ipM->pMalloc)(ipM, sizeof(PerlInterpreter));
162 Zero(my_perl, 1, PerlInterpreter);
178 =head1 Embedding Functions
180 =for apidoc perl_alloc
182 Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
190 PerlInterpreter *my_perl;
191 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
195 /* New() needs interpreter, so call malloc() instead */
196 my_perl = (PerlInterpreter*)PerlMem_malloc(sizeof(PerlInterpreter));
199 return ZeroD(my_perl, 1, PerlInterpreter);
201 #endif /* PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS */
204 =for apidoc perl_construct
206 Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
212 perl_construct(pTHXx)
216 PL_perl_destruct_level = 1;
218 if (PL_perl_destruct_level > 0)
221 /* Init the real globals (and main thread)? */
223 #ifdef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
224 PL_protect = MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_default_protect); /* for exceptions */
227 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling; /* needed by ckWARN, right away */
229 PL_linestr = NEWSV(65,79);
230 sv_upgrade(PL_linestr,SVt_PVIV);
232 if (!SvREADONLY(&PL_sv_undef)) {
233 /* set read-only and try to insure than we wont see REFCNT==0
236 SvREADONLY_on(&PL_sv_undef);
237 SvREFCNT(&PL_sv_undef) = (~(U32)0)/2;
239 sv_setpv(&PL_sv_no,PL_No);
241 SvREADONLY_on(&PL_sv_no);
242 SvREFCNT(&PL_sv_no) = (~(U32)0)/2;
244 sv_setpv(&PL_sv_yes,PL_Yes);
246 SvREADONLY_on(&PL_sv_yes);
247 SvREFCNT(&PL_sv_yes) = (~(U32)0)/2;
249 SvREADONLY_on(&PL_sv_placeholder);
250 SvREFCNT(&PL_sv_placeholder) = (~(U32)0)/2;
253 PL_sighandlerp = Perl_sighandler;
254 PL_pidstatus = newHV();
257 PL_rs = newSVpvn("\n", 1);
262 PL_lex_state = LEX_NOTPARSING;
268 SET_NUMERIC_STANDARD();
272 PL_patchlevel = NEWSV(0,4);
273 (void)SvUPGRADE(PL_patchlevel, SVt_PVNV);
274 if (PERL_REVISION > 127 || PERL_VERSION > 127 || PERL_SUBVERSION > 127)
275 SvGROW(PL_patchlevel, UTF8_MAXLEN*3+1);
276 s = (U8*)SvPVX(PL_patchlevel);
277 /* Build version strings using "native" characters */
278 s = uvchr_to_utf8(s, (UV)PERL_REVISION);
279 s = uvchr_to_utf8(s, (UV)PERL_VERSION);
280 s = uvchr_to_utf8(s, (UV)PERL_SUBVERSION);
282 SvCUR_set(PL_patchlevel, s - (U8*)SvPVX(PL_patchlevel));
283 SvPOK_on(PL_patchlevel);
284 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel) = (NV)PERL_REVISION +
285 ((NV)PERL_VERSION / (NV)1000) +
286 ((NV)PERL_SUBVERSION / (NV)1000000);
287 SvNOK_on(PL_patchlevel); /* dual valued */
288 SvUTF8_on(PL_patchlevel);
289 SvREADONLY_on(PL_patchlevel);
292 #if defined(LOCAL_PATCH_COUNT)
293 PL_localpatches = local_patches; /* For possible -v */
296 #ifdef HAVE_INTERP_INTERN
300 PerlIO_init(aTHX); /* Hook to IO system */
302 PL_fdpid = newAV(); /* for remembering popen pids by fd */
303 PL_modglobal = newHV(); /* pointers to per-interpreter module globals */
304 PL_errors = newSVpvn("",0);
305 sv_setpvn(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(0), "", 0); /* For regex debugging. */
306 sv_setpvn(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(1), "", 0); /* ext/re needs these */
307 sv_setpvn(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(2), "", 0); /* even without DEBUGGING. */
309 PL_regex_padav = newAV();
310 av_push(PL_regex_padav,(SV*)newAV()); /* First entry is an array of empty elements */
311 PL_regex_pad = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
313 #ifdef USE_REENTRANT_API
314 Perl_reentrant_init(aTHX);
317 /* Note that strtab is a rather special HV. Assumptions are made
318 about not iterating on it, and not adding tie magic to it.
319 It is properly deallocated in perl_destruct() */
322 HvSHAREKEYS_off(PL_strtab); /* mandatory */
323 hv_ksplit(PL_strtab, 512);
325 #if defined(__DYNAMIC__) && (defined(NeXT) || defined(__NeXT__))
326 _dyld_lookup_and_bind
327 ("__environ", (unsigned long *) &environ_pointer, NULL);
331 # ifdef USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY
332 PL_origenviron = environ;
336 /* Use sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) if available, if not
337 * available or if the sysconf() fails, use the HZ. */
338 #if defined(HAS_SYSCONF) && defined(_SC_CLK_TCK)
339 PL_clocktick = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
340 if (PL_clocktick <= 0)
344 PL_stashcache = newHV();
350 =for apidoc nothreadhook
352 Stub that provides thread hook for perl_destruct when there are
359 Perl_nothreadhook(pTHX)
365 =for apidoc perl_destruct
367 Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
375 volatile int destruct_level; /* 0=none, 1=full, 2=full with checks */
377 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
379 #endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
381 /* wait for all pseudo-forked children to finish */
382 PERL_WAIT_FOR_CHILDREN;
384 destruct_level = PL_perl_destruct_level;
388 if ((s = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL"))) {
390 if (destruct_level < i)
397 if(PL_exit_flags & PERL_EXIT_DESTRUCT_END) {
402 if (PL_endav && !PL_minus_c)
403 call_list(PL_scopestack_ix, PL_endav);
409 /* Need to flush since END blocks can produce output */
412 if (CALL_FPTR(PL_threadhook)(aTHX)) {
413 /* Threads hook has vetoed further cleanup */
414 return STATUS_NATIVE_EXPORT;
417 /* We must account for everything. */
419 /* Destroy the main CV and syntax tree */
421 /* ensure comppad/curpad to refer to main's pad */
422 if (CvPADLIST(PL_main_cv)) {
423 PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE(CvPADLIST(PL_main_cv), 1);
425 op_free(PL_main_root);
426 PL_main_root = Nullop;
428 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
429 PL_main_start = Nullop;
430 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_main_cv);
434 /* Tell PerlIO we are about to tear things apart in case
435 we have layers which are using resources that should
439 PerlIO_destruct(aTHX);
441 if (PL_sv_objcount) {
443 * Try to destruct global references. We do this first so that the
444 * destructors and destructees still exist. Some sv's might remain.
445 * Non-referenced objects are on their own.
451 /* unhook hooks which will soon be, or use, destroyed data */
452 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_warnhook);
453 PL_warnhook = Nullsv;
454 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_diehook);
457 /* call exit list functions */
458 while (PL_exitlistlen-- > 0)
459 PL_exitlist[PL_exitlistlen].fn(aTHX_ PL_exitlist[PL_exitlistlen].ptr);
461 Safefree(PL_exitlist);
466 if (destruct_level == 0){
468 DEBUG_P(debprofdump());
470 #if defined(PERLIO_LAYERS)
471 /* No more IO - including error messages ! */
472 PerlIO_cleanup(aTHX);
475 /* The exit() function will do everything that needs doing. */
476 return STATUS_NATIVE_EXPORT;
479 /* jettison our possibly duplicated environment */
480 /* if PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV is defined environ will not have been copied
481 * so we certainly shouldn't free it here
484 #if defined(USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY) && !defined(PERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV)
485 if (environ != PL_origenviron
487 /* only main thread can free environ[0] contents */
488 && PL_curinterp == aTHX
494 for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++)
495 safesysfree(environ[i]);
497 /* Must use safesysfree() when working with environ. */
498 safesysfree(environ);
500 environ = PL_origenviron;
503 #endif /* !PERL_MICRO */
506 /* the syntax tree is shared between clones
507 * so op_free(PL_main_root) only ReREFCNT_dec's
508 * REGEXPs in the parent interpreter
509 * we need to manually ReREFCNT_dec for the clones
512 I32 i = AvFILLp(PL_regex_padav) + 1;
513 SV **ary = AvARRAY(PL_regex_padav);
517 REGEXP *re = INT2PTR(REGEXP *,SvIVX(resv));
519 if (SvFLAGS(resv) & SVf_BREAK) {
520 /* this is PL_reg_curpm, already freed
521 * flag is set in regexec.c:S_regtry
523 SvFLAGS(resv) &= ~SVf_BREAK;
525 else if(SvREPADTMP(resv)) {
526 SvREPADTMP_off(resv);
533 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_regex_padav);
534 PL_regex_padav = Nullav;
538 SvREFCNT_dec((SV*) PL_stashcache);
539 PL_stashcache = NULL;
541 /* loosen bonds of global variables */
544 (void)PerlIO_close(PL_rsfp);
548 /* Filters for program text */
549 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_rsfp_filters);
550 PL_rsfp_filters = Nullav;
553 PL_preprocess = FALSE;
559 PL_doswitches = FALSE;
560 PL_dowarn = G_WARN_OFF;
561 PL_doextract = FALSE;
562 PL_sawampersand = FALSE; /* must save all match strings */
565 Safefree(PL_inplace);
567 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_patchlevel);
570 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_e_script);
571 PL_e_script = Nullsv;
576 /* magical thingies */
578 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_ofs_sv); /* $, */
581 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_ors_sv); /* $\ */
584 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_rs); /* $/ */
587 PL_multiline = 0; /* $* */
588 Safefree(PL_osname); /* $^O */
591 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_statname);
592 PL_statname = Nullsv;
595 /* defgv, aka *_ should be taken care of elsewhere */
597 /* clean up after study() */
598 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_lastscream);
599 PL_lastscream = Nullsv;
600 Safefree(PL_screamfirst);
602 Safefree(PL_screamnext);
606 Safefree(PL_efloatbuf);
607 PL_efloatbuf = Nullch;
610 /* startup and shutdown function lists */
611 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_beginav);
612 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_beginav_save);
613 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_endav);
614 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_checkav);
615 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_checkav_save);
616 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_initav);
618 PL_beginav_save = Nullav;
621 PL_checkav_save = Nullav;
624 /* shortcuts just get cleared */
630 PL_argvoutgv = Nullgv;
632 PL_stderrgv = Nullgv;
633 PL_last_in_gv = Nullgv;
638 PL_DBsingle = Nullsv;
640 PL_DBsignal = Nullsv;
641 PL_DBassertion = Nullsv;
644 PL_debstash = Nullhv;
646 /* reset so print() ends up where we expect */
649 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_argvout_stack);
650 PL_argvout_stack = Nullav;
652 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_modglobal);
653 PL_modglobal = Nullhv;
654 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_preambleav);
655 PL_preambleav = Nullav;
656 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_subname);
658 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_linestr);
660 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_pidstatus);
661 PL_pidstatus = Nullhv;
662 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_toptarget);
663 PL_toptarget = Nullsv;
664 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_bodytarget);
665 PL_bodytarget = Nullsv;
666 PL_formtarget = Nullsv;
668 /* free locale stuff */
669 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
670 Safefree(PL_collation_name);
671 PL_collation_name = Nullch;
674 #ifdef USE_LOCALE_NUMERIC
675 Safefree(PL_numeric_name);
676 PL_numeric_name = Nullch;
677 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_numeric_radix_sv);
678 PL_numeric_radix_sv = Nullsv;
681 /* clear utf8 character classes */
682 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_alnum);
683 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_alnumc);
684 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_ascii);
685 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_alpha);
686 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_space);
687 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_cntrl);
688 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_graph);
689 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_digit);
690 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_upper);
691 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_lower);
692 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_print);
693 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_punct);
694 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_xdigit);
695 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_mark);
696 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_toupper);
697 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_totitle);
698 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_tolower);
699 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_tofold);
700 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_idstart);
701 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_utf8_idcont);
702 PL_utf8_alnum = Nullsv;
703 PL_utf8_alnumc = Nullsv;
704 PL_utf8_ascii = Nullsv;
705 PL_utf8_alpha = Nullsv;
706 PL_utf8_space = Nullsv;
707 PL_utf8_cntrl = Nullsv;
708 PL_utf8_graph = Nullsv;
709 PL_utf8_digit = Nullsv;
710 PL_utf8_upper = Nullsv;
711 PL_utf8_lower = Nullsv;
712 PL_utf8_print = Nullsv;
713 PL_utf8_punct = Nullsv;
714 PL_utf8_xdigit = Nullsv;
715 PL_utf8_mark = Nullsv;
716 PL_utf8_toupper = Nullsv;
717 PL_utf8_totitle = Nullsv;
718 PL_utf8_tolower = Nullsv;
719 PL_utf8_tofold = Nullsv;
720 PL_utf8_idstart = Nullsv;
721 PL_utf8_idcont = Nullsv;
723 if (!specialWARN(PL_compiling.cop_warnings))
724 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
725 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = Nullsv;
726 if (!specialCopIO(PL_compiling.cop_io))
727 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compiling.cop_io);
728 PL_compiling.cop_io = Nullsv;
729 CopFILE_free(&PL_compiling);
730 CopSTASH_free(&PL_compiling);
732 /* Prepare to destruct main symbol table. */
737 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_curstname);
738 PL_curstname = Nullsv;
740 /* clear queued errors */
741 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_errors);
745 if (destruct_level >= 2 && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL)) {
746 if (PL_scopestack_ix != 0)
747 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
748 "Unbalanced scopes: %ld more ENTERs than LEAVEs\n",
749 (long)PL_scopestack_ix);
750 if (PL_savestack_ix != 0)
751 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
752 "Unbalanced saves: %ld more saves than restores\n",
753 (long)PL_savestack_ix);
754 if (PL_tmps_floor != -1)
755 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),"Unbalanced tmps: %ld more allocs than frees\n",
756 (long)PL_tmps_floor + 1);
757 if (cxstack_ix != -1)
758 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),"Unbalanced context: %ld more PUSHes than POPs\n",
759 (long)cxstack_ix + 1);
762 /* Now absolutely destruct everything, somehow or other, loops or no. */
763 SvFLAGS(PL_fdpid) |= SVTYPEMASK; /* don't clean out pid table now */
764 SvFLAGS(PL_strtab) |= SVTYPEMASK; /* don't clean out strtab now */
766 /* the 2 is for PL_fdpid and PL_strtab */
767 while (PL_sv_count > 2 && sv_clean_all())
770 SvFLAGS(PL_fdpid) &= ~SVTYPEMASK;
771 SvFLAGS(PL_fdpid) |= SVt_PVAV;
772 SvFLAGS(PL_strtab) &= ~SVTYPEMASK;
773 SvFLAGS(PL_strtab) |= SVt_PVHV;
775 AvREAL_off(PL_fdpid); /* no surviving entries */
776 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_fdpid); /* needed in io_close() */
779 #ifdef HAVE_INTERP_INTERN
783 /* Destruct the global string table. */
785 /* Yell and reset the HeVAL() slots that are still holding refcounts,
786 * so that sv_free() won't fail on them.
794 max = HvMAX(PL_strtab);
795 array = HvARRAY(PL_strtab);
798 if (hent && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL)) {
799 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
800 "Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for \"%s\"",
801 HeVAL(hent) - Nullsv, HeKEY(hent));
802 HeVAL(hent) = Nullsv;
812 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_strtab);
815 /* free the pointer table used for cloning */
816 ptr_table_free(PL_ptr_table);
817 PL_ptr_table = (PTR_TBL_t*)NULL;
820 /* free special SVs */
822 SvREFCNT(&PL_sv_yes) = 0;
823 sv_clear(&PL_sv_yes);
824 SvANY(&PL_sv_yes) = NULL;
825 SvFLAGS(&PL_sv_yes) = 0;
827 SvREFCNT(&PL_sv_no) = 0;
829 SvANY(&PL_sv_no) = NULL;
830 SvFLAGS(&PL_sv_no) = 0;
834 for (i=0; i<=2; i++) {
835 SvREFCNT(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(i)) = 0;
836 sv_clear(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(i));
837 SvANY(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(i)) = NULL;
838 SvFLAGS(PERL_DEBUG_PAD(i)) = 0;
842 if (PL_sv_count != 0 && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
843 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),"Scalars leaked: %ld\n", (long)PL_sv_count);
845 #ifdef DEBUG_LEAKING_SCALARS
846 if (PL_sv_count != 0) {
851 for (sva = PL_sv_arenaroot; sva; sva = (SV*)SvANY(sva)) {
852 svend = &sva[SvREFCNT(sva)];
853 for (sv = sva + 1; sv < svend; ++sv) {
854 if (SvTYPE(sv) != SVTYPEMASK) {
855 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "leaked: 0x%p"
866 #if defined(PERLIO_LAYERS)
867 /* No more IO - including error messages ! */
868 PerlIO_cleanup(aTHX);
871 /* sv_undef needs to stay immortal until after PerlIO_cleanup
872 as currently layers use it rather than Nullsv as a marker
873 for no arg - and will try and SvREFCNT_dec it.
875 SvREFCNT(&PL_sv_undef) = 0;
876 SvREADONLY_off(&PL_sv_undef);
878 Safefree(PL_origfilename);
879 PL_origfilename = Nullch;
880 Safefree(PL_reg_start_tmp);
881 PL_reg_start_tmp = (char**)NULL;
882 PL_reg_start_tmpl = 0;
884 Safefree(PL_reg_curpm);
885 Safefree(PL_reg_poscache);
887 Safefree(PL_op_mask);
888 Safefree(PL_psig_ptr);
889 PL_psig_ptr = (SV**)NULL;
890 Safefree(PL_psig_name);
891 PL_psig_name = (SV**)NULL;
892 Safefree(PL_bitcount);
893 PL_bitcount = Nullch;
894 Safefree(PL_psig_pend);
895 PL_psig_pend = (int*)NULL;
896 PL_formfeed = Nullsv;
901 PL_taint_warn = FALSE;
902 PL_hints = 0; /* Reset hints. Should hints be per-interpreter ? */
905 DEBUG_P(debprofdump());
907 #ifdef USE_REENTRANT_API
908 Perl_reentrant_free(aTHX);
913 /* As the absolutely last thing, free the non-arena SV for mess() */
916 /* it could have accumulated taint magic */
917 if (SvTYPE(PL_mess_sv) >= SVt_PVMG) {
920 for (mg = SvMAGIC(PL_mess_sv); mg; mg = moremagic) {
921 moremagic = mg->mg_moremagic;
922 if (mg->mg_ptr && mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_regex_global
924 Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
928 /* we know that type >= SVt_PV */
929 (void)SvOOK_off(PL_mess_sv);
930 Safefree(SvPVX(PL_mess_sv));
931 Safefree(SvANY(PL_mess_sv));
932 Safefree(PL_mess_sv);
935 return STATUS_NATIVE_EXPORT;
939 =for apidoc perl_free
941 Releases a Perl interpreter. See L<perlembed>.
949 #if defined(WIN32) || defined(NETWARE)
950 # if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS)
952 void *host = nw_internal_host;
954 void *host = w32_internal_host;
958 nw_delete_internal_host(host);
960 win32_delete_internal_host(host);
971 Perl_call_atexit(pTHX_ ATEXIT_t fn, void *ptr)
973 Renew(PL_exitlist, PL_exitlistlen+1, PerlExitListEntry);
974 PL_exitlist[PL_exitlistlen].fn = fn;
975 PL_exitlist[PL_exitlistlen].ptr = ptr;
980 =for apidoc perl_parse
982 Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See L<perlembed>.
988 perl_parse(pTHXx_ XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char **argv, char **env)
993 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
997 #ifdef SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW
1000 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "suidperl is no longer needed since the kernel can now execute\n\
1001 setuid perl scripts securely.\n");
1002 #endif /* IAMSUID */
1005 #if defined(USE_HASH_SEED) || defined(USE_HASH_SEED_EXPLICIT)
1006 /* [perl #22371] Algorimic Complexity Attack on Perl 5.6.1, 5.8.0
1007 * This MUST be done before any hash stores or fetches take place.
1008 * If you set PL_rehash_seed (and assumedly also PL_rehash_seed_set)
1009 * yourself, it is your responsibility to provide a good random seed!
1010 * You can also define PERL_HASH_SEED in compile time, see hv.h. */
1011 if (!PL_rehash_seed_set)
1012 PL_rehash_seed = get_hash_seed();
1014 char *s = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG");
1020 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "HASH_SEED = %"UVuf"\n",
1024 #endif /* #if defined(USE_HASH_SEED) || defined(USE_HASH_SEED_EXPLICIT) */
1030 /* Set PL_origalen be the sum of the contiguous argv[]
1031 * elements plus the size of the env in case that it is
1032 * contiguous with the argv[]. This is used in mg.c:Perl_magic_set()
1033 * as the maximum modifiable length of $0. In the worst case
1034 * the area we are able to modify is limited to the size of
1035 * the original argv[0]. (See below for 'contiguous', though.)
1040 ~(UV)(PTRSIZE == 4 ? 3 : PTRSIZE == 8 ? 7 : PTRSIZE == 16 ? 15 : 0);
1041 /* Do the mask check only if the args seem like aligned. */
1043 (mask < ~(UV)0) && ((PTR2UV(argv[0]) & mask) == PTR2UV(argv[0]));
1045 /* See if all the arguments are contiguous in memory. Note
1046 * that 'contiguous' is a loose term because some platforms
1047 * align the argv[] and the envp[]. If the arguments look
1048 * like non-aligned, assume that they are 'strictly' or
1049 * 'traditionally' contiguous. If the arguments look like
1050 * aligned, we just check that they are within aligned
1051 * PTRSIZE bytes. As long as no system has something bizarre
1052 * like the argv[] interleaved with some other data, we are
1053 * fine. (Did I just evoke Murphy's Law?) --jhi */
1054 if (PL_origargv && PL_origargc >= 1 && (s = PL_origargv[0])) {
1056 for (i = 1; i < PL_origargc; i++) {
1057 if ((PL_origargv[i] == s + 1
1059 || PL_origargv[i] == s + 2
1064 (PL_origargv[i] > s &&
1066 INT2PTR(char *, PTR2UV(s + PTRSIZE) & mask)))
1076 /* Can we grab env area too to be used as the area for $0? */
1077 if (PL_origenviron) {
1078 if ((PL_origenviron[0] == s + 1
1080 || (PL_origenviron[0] == s + 9 && (s += 8))
1085 (PL_origenviron[0] > s &&
1086 PL_origenviron[0] <=
1087 INT2PTR(char *, PTR2UV(s + PTRSIZE) & mask)))
1091 s = PL_origenviron[0];
1094 my_setenv("NoNe SuCh", Nullch);
1095 /* Force copy of environment. */
1096 for (i = 1; PL_origenviron[i]; i++) {
1097 if (PL_origenviron[i] == s + 1
1100 (PL_origenviron[i] > s &&
1101 PL_origenviron[i] <=
1102 INT2PTR(char *, PTR2UV(s + PTRSIZE) & mask)))
1105 s = PL_origenviron[i];
1113 PL_origalen = s - PL_origargv[0] + 1;
1118 /* Come here if running an undumped a.out. */
1120 PL_origfilename = savepv(argv[0]);
1121 PL_do_undump = FALSE;
1122 cxstack_ix = -1; /* start label stack again */
1124 init_postdump_symbols(argc,argv,env);
1129 op_free(PL_main_root);
1130 PL_main_root = Nullop;
1132 PL_main_start = Nullop;
1133 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_main_cv);
1134 PL_main_cv = Nullcv;
1137 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
1138 PL_dowarn = G_WARN_OFF;
1140 #ifdef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
1141 CALLPROTECT(aTHX_ pcur_env, &ret, MEMBER_TO_FPTR(S_vparse_body), env, xsinit);
1147 #ifndef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
1148 parse_body(env,xsinit);
1151 call_list(oldscope, PL_checkav);
1158 /* my_exit() was called */
1159 while (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
1162 PL_curstash = PL_defstash;
1164 call_list(oldscope, PL_checkav);
1165 ret = STATUS_NATIVE_EXPORT;
1168 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "panic: top_env\n");
1176 #ifdef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
1178 S_vparse_body(pTHX_ va_list args)
1180 char **env = va_arg(args, char**);
1181 XSINIT_t xsinit = va_arg(args, XSINIT_t);
1183 return parse_body(env, xsinit);
1188 S_parse_body(pTHX_ char **env, XSINIT_t xsinit)
1190 int argc = PL_origargc;
1191 char **argv = PL_origargv;
1192 char *scriptname = NULL;
1193 VOL bool dosearch = FALSE;
1194 char *validarg = "";
1197 char *cddir = Nullch;
1201 sv_setpvn(PL_linestr,"",0);
1202 sv = newSVpvn("",0); /* first used for -I flags */
1206 for (argc--,argv++; argc > 0; argc--,argv++) {
1207 if (argv[0][0] != '-' || !argv[0][1])
1211 validarg = " PHOOEY ";
1215 * Can we rely on the kernel to start scripts with argv[1] set to
1216 * contain all #! line switches (the whole line)? (argv[0] is set to
1217 * the interpreter name, argv[2] to the script name; argv[3] and
1218 * above may contain other arguments.)
1225 #ifndef PERL_STRICT_CR
1250 if ((s = moreswitches(s)))
1255 CHECK_MALLOC_TOO_LATE_FOR('t');
1256 if( !PL_tainting ) {
1257 PL_taint_warn = TRUE;
1263 CHECK_MALLOC_TOO_LATE_FOR('T');
1265 PL_taint_warn = FALSE;
1270 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1271 /* ignore -e for Dev:Pseudo argument */
1272 if (argv[1] && !strcmp(argv[1], "Dev:Pseudo"))
1277 PL_e_script = newSVpvn("",0);
1278 filter_add(read_e_script, NULL);
1281 sv_catpv(PL_e_script, s);
1283 sv_catpv(PL_e_script, argv[1]);
1287 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No code specified for -e");
1288 sv_catpv(PL_e_script, "\n");
1291 case 'I': /* -I handled both here and in moreswitches() */
1293 if (!*++s && (s=argv[1]) != Nullch) {
1298 STRLEN len = strlen(s);
1299 p = savepvn(s, len);
1300 incpush(p, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE);
1301 sv_catpvn(sv, "-I", 2);
1302 sv_catpvn(sv, p, len);
1303 sv_catpvn(sv, " ", 1);
1307 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No directory specified for -I");
1311 PL_preprocess = TRUE;
1321 PL_preambleav = newAV();
1322 av_push(PL_preambleav, newSVpv("use Config qw(myconfig config_vars)",0));
1324 PL_Sv = newSVpv("print myconfig();",0);
1326 sv_catpv(PL_Sv,"print \"\\nCharacteristics of this PERLSHR image: \\n\",");
1328 sv_catpv(PL_Sv,"print \"\\nCharacteristics of this binary (from libperl): \\n\",");
1330 sv_catpv(PL_Sv,"\" Compile-time options:");
1332 sv_catpv(PL_Sv," DEBUGGING");
1334 # ifdef MULTIPLICITY
1335 sv_catpv(PL_Sv," MULTIPLICITY");
1337 # ifdef USE_5005THREADS
1338 sv_catpv(PL_Sv," USE_5005THREADS");
1340 # ifdef USE_ITHREADS
1341 sv_catpv(PL_Sv," USE_ITHREADS");
1343 # ifdef USE_64_BIT_INT
1344 sv_catpv(PL_Sv," USE_64_BIT_INT");
1346 # ifdef USE_64_BIT_ALL
1347 sv_catpv(PL_Sv," USE_64_BIT_ALL");
1349 # ifdef USE_LONG_DOUBLE
1350 sv_catpv(PL_Sv," USE_LONG_DOUBLE");
1352 # ifdef USE_LARGE_FILES
1353 sv_catpv(PL_Sv," USE_LARGE_FILES");
1356 sv_catpv(PL_Sv," USE_SOCKS");
1358 # ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
1359 sv_catpv(PL_Sv," PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT");
1361 # ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
1362 sv_catpv(PL_Sv," PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS");
1364 sv_catpv(PL_Sv,"\\n\",");
1366 #if defined(LOCAL_PATCH_COUNT)
1367 if (LOCAL_PATCH_COUNT > 0) {
1369 sv_catpv(PL_Sv,"\" Locally applied patches:\\n\",");
1370 for (i = 1; i <= LOCAL_PATCH_COUNT; i++) {
1371 if (PL_localpatches[i])
1372 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ PL_Sv,"q%c\t%s\n%c,",
1373 0, PL_localpatches[i], 0);
1377 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ PL_Sv,"\" Built under %s\\n\"",OSNAME);
1380 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ PL_Sv,",\" Compiled at %s %s\\n\"",__DATE__,__TIME__);
1382 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ PL_Sv,",\" Compiled on %s\\n\"",__DATE__);
1385 sv_catpv(PL_Sv, "; \
1387 @env = map { \"$_=\\\"$ENV{$_}\\\"\" } sort grep {/^PERL/} keys %ENV; ");
1390 push @env, \"CYGWIN=\\\"$ENV{CYGWIN}\\\"\";");
1393 print \" \\%ENV:\\n @env\\n\" if @env; \
1394 print \" \\@INC:\\n @INC\\n\";");
1397 PL_Sv = newSVpv("config_vars(qw(",0);
1398 sv_catpv(PL_Sv, ++s);
1399 sv_catpv(PL_Sv, "))");
1402 av_push(PL_preambleav, PL_Sv);
1403 scriptname = BIT_BUCKET; /* don't look for script or read stdin */
1406 PL_doextract = TRUE;
1414 if (!*++s || isSPACE(*s)) {
1418 /* catch use of gnu style long options */
1419 if (strEQ(s, "version")) {
1423 if (strEQ(s, "help")) {
1430 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)",s);
1436 #ifndef SECURE_INTERNAL_GETENV
1439 (s = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL5OPT")))
1444 if (*s == '-' && *(s+1) == 'T') {
1445 CHECK_MALLOC_TOO_LATE_FOR('T');
1447 PL_taint_warn = FALSE;
1450 char *popt_copy = Nullch;
1463 if (!strchr("DIMUdmtwA", *s))
1464 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c", *s);
1468 popt_copy = SvPVX(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(popt,0)));
1469 s = popt_copy + (s - popt);
1470 d = popt_copy + (d - popt);
1477 if( !PL_tainting ) {
1478 PL_taint_warn = TRUE;
1488 if (PL_taint_warn && PL_dowarn != G_WARN_ALL_OFF) {
1489 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = newSVpvn(WARN_TAINTstring, WARNsize);
1493 scriptname = argv[0];
1496 scriptname = BIT_BUCKET; /* don't look for script or read stdin */
1498 else if (scriptname == Nullch) {
1500 if ( PerlLIO_isatty(PerlIO_fileno(PerlIO_stdin())) )
1508 open_script(scriptname,dosearch,sv);
1510 validate_suid(validarg, scriptname);
1513 #if defined(SIGCHLD) || defined(SIGCLD)
1516 # define SIGCHLD SIGCLD
1518 Sighandler_t sigstate = rsignal_state(SIGCHLD);
1519 if (sigstate == SIG_IGN) {
1520 if (ckWARN(WARN_SIGNAL))
1521 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SIGNAL),
1522 "Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default");
1523 (void)rsignal(SIGCHLD, (Sighandler_t)SIG_DFL);
1529 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1530 if (PL_doextract || gMacPerl_AlwaysExtract) {
1535 if (cddir && PerlDir_chdir(cddir) < 0)
1536 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't chdir to %s",cddir);
1540 PL_main_cv = PL_compcv = (CV*)NEWSV(1104,0);
1541 sv_upgrade((SV *)PL_compcv, SVt_PVCV);
1542 CvUNIQUE_on(PL_compcv);
1544 CvPADLIST(PL_compcv) = pad_new(0);
1545 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
1546 CvOWNER(PL_compcv) = 0;
1547 New(666, CvMUTEXP(PL_compcv), 1, perl_mutex);
1548 MUTEX_INIT(CvMUTEXP(PL_compcv));
1549 #endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
1552 boot_core_UNIVERSAL();
1553 boot_core_xsutils();
1556 (*xsinit)(aTHX); /* in case linked C routines want magical variables */
1558 #if defined(VMS) || defined(WIN32) || defined(DJGPP) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(EPOC)
1564 # ifdef HAS_SOCKS5_INIT
1565 socks5_init(argv[0]);
1571 init_predump_symbols();
1572 /* init_postdump_symbols not currently designed to be called */
1573 /* more than once (ENV isn't cleared first, for example) */
1574 /* But running with -u leaves %ENV & @ARGV undefined! XXX */
1576 init_postdump_symbols(argc,argv,env);
1578 /* PL_unicode is turned on by -C or by $ENV{PERL_UNICODE}.
1579 * PL_utf8locale is conditionally turned on by
1580 * locale.c:Perl_init_i18nl10n() if the environment
1581 * look like the user wants to use UTF-8. */
1583 /* Requires init_predump_symbols(). */
1584 if (!(PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_LOCALE_FLAG) || PL_utf8locale) {
1589 /* Turn on UTF-8-ness on STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR
1590 * and the default open disciplines. */
1591 if ((PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_STDIN_FLAG) &&
1592 PL_stdingv && (io = GvIO(PL_stdingv)) &&
1594 PerlIO_binmode(aTHX_ fp, IoTYPE(io), 0, ":utf8");
1595 if ((PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_STDOUT_FLAG) &&
1596 PL_defoutgv && (io = GvIO(PL_defoutgv)) &&
1598 PerlIO_binmode(aTHX_ fp, IoTYPE(io), 0, ":utf8");
1599 if ((PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_STDERR_FLAG) &&
1600 PL_stderrgv && (io = GvIO(PL_stderrgv)) &&
1602 PerlIO_binmode(aTHX_ fp, IoTYPE(io), 0, ":utf8");
1603 if ((PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_INOUT_FLAG) &&
1604 (sv = GvSV(gv_fetchpv("\017PEN", TRUE, SVt_PV)))) {
1605 U32 in = PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_IN_FLAG;
1606 U32 out = PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_OUT_FLAG;
1609 sv_setpvn(sv, ":utf8\0:utf8", 11);
1611 sv_setpvn(sv, ":utf8\0", 6);
1614 sv_setpvn(sv, "\0:utf8", 6);
1620 if ((s = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_SIGNALS"))) {
1621 if (strEQ(s, "unsafe"))
1622 PL_signals |= PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG;
1623 else if (strEQ(s, "safe"))
1624 PL_signals &= ~PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG;
1626 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "PERL_SIGNALS illegal: \"%s\"", s);
1631 /* now parse the script */
1633 SETERRNO(0,SS_NORMAL);
1635 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1636 if (gMacPerl_SyntaxError = (yyparse() || PL_error_count)) {
1638 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s had compilation errors.\n", MacPerl_MPWFileName(PL_origfilename));
1640 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.\n",
1641 MacPerl_MPWFileName(PL_origfilename));
1645 if (yyparse() || PL_error_count) {
1647 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s had compilation errors.\n", PL_origfilename);
1649 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.\n",
1654 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, 0);
1655 PL_curstash = PL_defstash;
1656 PL_preprocess = FALSE;
1658 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_e_script);
1659 PL_e_script = Nullsv;
1666 SAVECOPFILE(PL_curcop);
1667 SAVECOPLINE(PL_curcop);
1668 gv_check(PL_defstash);
1675 if ((s=PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS")) && atoi(s) >= 2)
1676 dump_mstats("after compilation:");
1685 =for apidoc perl_run
1687 Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See L<perlembed>.
1698 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
1702 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
1707 #ifdef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
1709 CALLPROTECT(aTHX_ pcur_env, &ret, MEMBER_TO_FPTR(S_vrun_body), oldscope);
1715 cxstack_ix = -1; /* start context stack again */
1717 case 0: /* normal completion */
1718 #ifndef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
1723 case 2: /* my_exit() */
1724 while (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
1727 PL_curstash = PL_defstash;
1728 if (!(PL_exit_flags & PERL_EXIT_DESTRUCT_END) &&
1729 PL_endav && !PL_minus_c)
1730 call_list(oldscope, PL_endav);
1732 if (PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS"))
1733 dump_mstats("after execution: ");
1735 ret = STATUS_NATIVE_EXPORT;
1739 POPSTACK_TO(PL_mainstack);
1742 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "panic: restartop\n");
1752 #ifdef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
1754 S_vrun_body(pTHX_ va_list args)
1756 I32 oldscope = va_arg(args, I32);
1758 return run_body(oldscope);
1764 S_run_body(pTHX_ I32 oldscope)
1766 DEBUG_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s $` $& $' support.\n",
1767 PL_sawampersand ? "Enabling" : "Omitting"));
1769 if (!PL_restartop) {
1770 DEBUG_x(dump_all());
1772 PERL_DEBUG(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\nEXECUTING...\n\n"));
1773 DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "main thread is 0x%"UVxf"\n",
1777 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1778 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "%s%s syntax OK\n",
1779 (gMacPerl_ErrorFormat ? "# " : ""),
1780 MacPerl_MPWFileName(PL_origfilename));
1782 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "%s syntax OK\n", PL_origfilename);
1786 if (PERLDB_SINGLE && PL_DBsingle)
1787 sv_setiv(PL_DBsingle, 1);
1789 call_list(oldscope, PL_initav);
1795 PL_op = PL_restartop;
1799 else if (PL_main_start) {
1800 CvDEPTH(PL_main_cv) = 1;
1801 PL_op = PL_main_start;
1811 =head1 SV Manipulation Functions
1813 =for apidoc p||get_sv
1815 Returns the SV of the specified Perl scalar. If C<create> is set and the
1816 Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
1817 set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
1823 Perl_get_sv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1826 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
1827 if (name[1] == '\0' && !isALPHA(name[0])) {
1828 PADOFFSET tmp = find_threadsv(name);
1829 if (tmp != NOT_IN_PAD)
1830 return THREADSV(tmp);
1832 #endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
1833 gv = gv_fetchpv(name, create, SVt_PV);
1840 =head1 Array Manipulation Functions
1842 =for apidoc p||get_av
1844 Returns the AV of the specified Perl array. If C<create> is set and the
1845 Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
1846 set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
1852 Perl_get_av(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1854 GV* gv = gv_fetchpv(name, create, SVt_PVAV);
1863 =head1 Hash Manipulation Functions
1865 =for apidoc p||get_hv
1867 Returns the HV of the specified Perl hash. If C<create> is set and the
1868 Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If C<create> is not
1869 set and the variable does not exist then NULL is returned.
1875 Perl_get_hv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1877 GV* gv = gv_fetchpv(name, create, SVt_PVHV);
1886 =head1 CV Manipulation Functions
1888 =for apidoc p||get_cv
1890 Returns the CV of the specified Perl subroutine. If C<create> is set and
1891 the Perl subroutine does not exist then it will be declared (which has the
1892 same effect as saying C<sub name;>). If C<create> is not set and the
1893 subroutine does not exist then NULL is returned.
1899 Perl_get_cv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
1901 GV* gv = gv_fetchpv(name, create, SVt_PVCV);
1902 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
1903 /* XXX this is probably not what they think they're getting.
1904 * It has the same effect as "sub name;", i.e. just a forward
1906 if (create && !GvCVu(gv))
1907 return newSUB(start_subparse(FALSE, 0),
1908 newSVOP(OP_CONST, 0, newSVpv(name,0)),
1916 /* Be sure to refetch the stack pointer after calling these routines. */
1920 =head1 Callback Functions
1922 =for apidoc p||call_argv
1924 Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See L<perlcall>.
1930 Perl_call_argv(pTHX_ const char *sub_name, I32 flags, register char **argv)
1932 /* See G_* flags in cop.h */
1933 /* null terminated arg list */
1940 XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(*argv,0)));
1945 return call_pv(sub_name, flags);
1949 =for apidoc p||call_pv
1951 Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See L<perlcall>.
1957 Perl_call_pv(pTHX_ const char *sub_name, I32 flags)
1958 /* name of the subroutine */
1959 /* See G_* flags in cop.h */
1961 return call_sv((SV*)get_cv(sub_name, TRUE), flags);
1965 =for apidoc p||call_method
1967 Performs a callback to the specified Perl method. The blessed object must
1968 be on the stack. See L<perlcall>.
1974 Perl_call_method(pTHX_ const char *methname, I32 flags)
1975 /* name of the subroutine */
1976 /* See G_* flags in cop.h */
1978 return call_sv(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(methname,0)), flags | G_METHOD);
1981 /* May be called with any of a CV, a GV, or an SV containing the name. */
1983 =for apidoc p||call_sv
1985 Performs a callback to the Perl sub whose name is in the SV. See
1992 Perl_call_sv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
1993 /* See G_* flags in cop.h */
1996 LOGOP myop; /* fake syntax tree node */
1999 volatile I32 retval = 0;
2001 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
2006 if (flags & G_DISCARD) {
2011 Zero(&myop, 1, LOGOP);
2012 myop.op_next = Nullop;
2013 if (!(flags & G_NOARGS))
2014 myop.op_flags |= OPf_STACKED;
2015 myop.op_flags |= ((flags & G_VOID) ? OPf_WANT_VOID :
2016 (flags & G_ARRAY) ? OPf_WANT_LIST :
2021 EXTEND(PL_stack_sp, 1);
2022 *++PL_stack_sp = sv;
2024 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
2026 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash
2027 /* Handle first BEGIN of -d. */
2028 && (PL_DBcv || (PL_DBcv = GvCV(PL_DBsub)))
2029 /* Try harder, since this may have been a sighandler, thus
2030 * curstash may be meaningless. */
2031 && (SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_PVCV || CvSTASH((CV*)sv) != PL_debstash)
2032 && !(flags & G_NODEBUG))
2033 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
2035 if (flags & G_METHOD) {
2036 Zero(&method_op, 1, UNOP);
2037 method_op.op_next = PL_op;
2038 method_op.op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_METHOD];
2039 myop.op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB];
2040 PL_op = (OP*)&method_op;
2043 if (!(flags & G_EVAL)) {
2045 call_body((OP*)&myop, FALSE);
2046 retval = PL_stack_sp - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
2047 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
2050 myop.op_other = (OP*)&myop;
2052 /* we're trying to emulate pp_entertry() here */
2054 register PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
2055 I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
2060 PUSHBLOCK(cx, (CXt_EVAL|CXp_TRYBLOCK), PL_stack_sp);
2062 PL_eval_root = PL_op; /* Only needed so that goto works right. */
2064 PL_in_eval = EVAL_INEVAL;
2065 if (flags & G_KEEPERR)
2066 PL_in_eval |= EVAL_KEEPERR;
2072 #ifdef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
2074 CALLPROTECT(aTHX_ pcur_env, &ret, MEMBER_TO_FPTR(S_vcall_body),
2081 #ifndef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
2083 call_body((OP*)&myop, FALSE);
2085 retval = PL_stack_sp - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
2086 if (!(flags & G_KEEPERR))
2093 /* my_exit() was called */
2094 PL_curstash = PL_defstash;
2097 if (PL_statusvalue && !(PL_exit_flags & PERL_EXIT_EXPECTED))
2098 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Callback called exit");
2103 PL_op = PL_restartop;
2107 PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
2108 if (flags & G_ARRAY)
2112 *++PL_stack_sp = &PL_sv_undef;
2117 if (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope) {
2121 register PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
2132 if (flags & G_DISCARD) {
2133 PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
2142 #ifdef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
2144 S_vcall_body(pTHX_ va_list args)
2146 OP *myop = va_arg(args, OP*);
2147 int is_eval = va_arg(args, int);
2149 call_body(myop, is_eval);
2155 S_call_body(pTHX_ OP *myop, int is_eval)
2157 if (PL_op == myop) {
2159 PL_op = Perl_pp_entereval(aTHX); /* this doesn't do a POPMARK */
2161 PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX); /* this does */
2167 /* Eval a string. The G_EVAL flag is always assumed. */
2170 =for apidoc p||eval_sv
2172 Tells Perl to C<eval> the string in the SV.
2178 Perl_eval_sv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
2180 /* See G_* flags in cop.h */
2183 UNOP myop; /* fake syntax tree node */
2184 volatile I32 oldmark = SP - PL_stack_base;
2185 volatile I32 retval = 0;
2191 if (flags & G_DISCARD) {
2198 Zero(PL_op, 1, UNOP);
2199 EXTEND(PL_stack_sp, 1);
2200 *++PL_stack_sp = sv;
2201 oldscope = PL_scopestack_ix;
2203 if (!(flags & G_NOARGS))
2204 myop.op_flags = OPf_STACKED;
2205 myop.op_next = Nullop;
2206 myop.op_type = OP_ENTEREVAL;
2207 myop.op_flags |= ((flags & G_VOID) ? OPf_WANT_VOID :
2208 (flags & G_ARRAY) ? OPf_WANT_LIST :
2210 if (flags & G_KEEPERR)
2211 myop.op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
2213 #ifdef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
2215 CALLPROTECT(aTHX_ pcur_env, &ret, MEMBER_TO_FPTR(S_vcall_body),
2222 #ifndef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
2224 call_body((OP*)&myop,TRUE);
2226 retval = PL_stack_sp - (PL_stack_base + oldmark);
2227 if (!(flags & G_KEEPERR))
2234 /* my_exit() was called */
2235 PL_curstash = PL_defstash;
2238 if (PL_statusvalue && !(PL_exit_flags & PERL_EXIT_EXPECTED))
2239 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Callback called exit");
2244 PL_op = PL_restartop;
2248 PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
2249 if (flags & G_ARRAY)
2253 *++PL_stack_sp = &PL_sv_undef;
2259 if (flags & G_DISCARD) {
2260 PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + oldmark;
2270 =for apidoc p||eval_pv
2272 Tells Perl to C<eval> the given string and return an SV* result.
2278 Perl_eval_pv(pTHX_ const char *p, I32 croak_on_error)
2281 SV* sv = newSVpv(p, 0);
2283 eval_sv(sv, G_SCALAR);
2290 if (croak_on_error && SvTRUE(ERRSV)) {
2292 Perl_croak(aTHX_ SvPVx(ERRSV, n_a));
2298 /* Require a module. */
2301 =head1 Embedding Functions
2303 =for apidoc p||require_pv
2305 Tells Perl to C<require> the file named by the string argument. It is
2306 analogous to the Perl code C<eval "require '$file'">. It's even
2307 implemented that way; consider using load_module instead.
2312 Perl_require_pv(pTHX_ const char *pv)
2316 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_REQUIRE);
2318 sv = sv_newmortal();
2319 sv_setpv(sv, "require '");
2322 eval_sv(sv, G_DISCARD);
2328 Perl_magicname(pTHX_ char *sym, char *name, I32 namlen)
2332 if ((gv = gv_fetchpv(sym,TRUE, SVt_PV)))
2333 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, namlen);
2337 S_usage(pTHX_ char *name) /* XXX move this out into a module ? */
2339 /* This message really ought to be max 23 lines.
2340 * Removed -h because the user already knows that option. Others? */
2342 static char *usage_msg[] = {
2343 "-0[octal] specify record separator (\\0, if no argument)",
2344 "-a autosplit mode with -n or -p (splits $_ into @F)",
2345 "-C[number/list] enables the listed Unicode features",
2346 "-c check syntax only (runs BEGIN and CHECK blocks)",
2347 "-d[:debugger] run program under debugger",
2348 "-D[number/list] set debugging flags (argument is a bit mask or alphabets)",
2349 "-e program one line of program (several -e's allowed, omit programfile)",
2350 "-F/pattern/ split() pattern for -a switch (//'s are optional)",
2351 "-i[extension] edit <> files in place (makes backup if extension supplied)",
2352 "-Idirectory specify @INC/#include directory (several -I's allowed)",
2353 "-l[octal] enable line ending processing, specifies line terminator",
2354 "-[mM][-]module execute `use/no module...' before executing program",
2355 "-n assume 'while (<>) { ... }' loop around program",
2356 "-p assume loop like -n but print line also, like sed",
2357 "-P run program through C preprocessor before compilation",
2358 "-s enable rudimentary parsing for switches after programfile",
2359 "-S look for programfile using PATH environment variable",
2360 "-t enable tainting warnings",
2361 "-T enable tainting checks",
2362 "-u dump core after parsing program",
2363 "-U allow unsafe operations",
2364 "-v print version, subversion (includes VERY IMPORTANT perl info)",
2365 "-V[:variable] print configuration summary (or a single Config.pm variable)",
2366 "-w enable many useful warnings (RECOMMENDED)",
2367 "-W enable all warnings",
2368 "-x[directory] strip off text before #!perl line and perhaps cd to directory",
2369 "-X disable all warnings",
2373 char **p = usage_msg;
2375 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2376 "\nUsage: %s [switches] [--] [programfile] [arguments]",
2379 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(), "\n %s", *p++);
2382 /* convert a string of -D options (or digits) into an int.
2383 * sets *s to point to the char after the options */
2387 Perl_get_debug_opts(pTHX_ char **s)
2389 static char *usage_msgd[] = {
2390 " Debugging flag values: (see also -d)",
2391 " p Tokenizing and parsing (with v, displays parse stack)",
2392 " s Stack snapshots. with v, displays all stacks",
2393 " l Context (loop) stack processing",
2394 " t Trace execution",
2395 " o Method and overloading resolution",
2396 " c String/numeric conversions",
2397 " P Print profiling info, preprocessor command for -P, source file input state",
2398 " m Memory allocation",
2399 " f Format processing",
2400 " r Regular expression parsing and execution",
2401 " x Syntax tree dump",
2402 " u Tainting checks (Obsolete, previously used for LEAKTEST)",
2403 " H Hash dump -- usurps values()",
2404 " X Scratchpad allocation",
2406 " S Thread synchronization",
2408 " R Include reference counts of dumped variables (eg when using -Ds)",
2409 " J Do not s,t,P-debug (Jump over) opcodes within package DB",
2410 " v Verbose: use in conjunction with other flags",
2412 " A Consistency checks on internal structures",
2413 " q quiet - currently only suppressed the 'EXECUTING' message",
2418 /* if adding extra options, remember to update DEBUG_MASK */
2419 static char debopts[] = "psltocPmfrxu HXDSTRJvCAq";
2421 for (; isALNUM(**s); (*s)++) {
2422 char *d = strchr(debopts,**s);
2424 i |= 1 << (d - debopts);
2425 else if (ckWARN_d(WARN_DEBUGGING))
2426 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEBUGGING),
2427 "invalid option -D%c, use -D'' to see choices\n", **s);
2430 else if (isDIGIT(**s)) {
2432 for (; isALNUM(**s); (*s)++) ;
2435 char **p = usage_msgd;
2436 while (*p) PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(), "%s\n", *p++);
2439 if ((i & DEBUG_p_FLAG) && ckWARN_d(WARN_DEBUGGING))
2440 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEBUGGING),
2441 "-Dp not implemented on this platform\n");
2447 /* This routine handles any switches that can be given during run */
2450 Perl_moreswitches(pTHX_ char *s)
2460 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_rs);
2461 if (s[1] == 'x' && s[2]) {
2465 for (s += 2, e = s; *e; e++);
2467 flags = PERL_SCAN_SILENT_ILLDIGIT;
2468 rschar = (U32)grok_hex(s, &numlen, &flags, NULL);
2469 if (s + numlen < e) {
2470 rschar = 0; /* Grandfather -0xFOO as -0 -xFOO. */
2474 PL_rs = newSVpvn("", 0);
2475 SvGROW(PL_rs, (STRLEN)(UNISKIP(rschar) + 1));
2476 tmps = (U8*)SvPVX(PL_rs);
2477 uvchr_to_utf8(tmps, rschar);
2478 SvCUR_set(PL_rs, UNISKIP(rschar));
2483 rschar = (U32)grok_oct(s, &numlen, &flags, NULL);
2484 if (rschar & ~((U8)~0))
2485 PL_rs = &PL_sv_undef;
2486 else if (!rschar && numlen >= 2)
2487 PL_rs = newSVpvn("", 0);
2489 char ch = (char)rschar;
2490 PL_rs = newSVpvn(&ch, 1);
2493 sv_setsv(get_sv("/", TRUE), PL_rs);
2498 PL_unicode = parse_unicode_opts(&s);
2503 while (*s && !isSPACE(*s)) ++s;
2505 PL_splitstr = savepv(PL_splitstr);
2518 /* The following permits -d:Mod to accepts arguments following an =
2519 in the fashion that -MSome::Mod does. */
2520 if (*s == ':' || *s == '=') {
2523 sv = newSVpv("use Devel::", 0);
2525 /* We now allow -d:Module=Foo,Bar */
2526 while(isALNUM(*s) || *s==':') ++s;
2528 sv_catpv(sv, start);
2530 sv_catpvn(sv, start, s-start);
2531 sv_catpv(sv, " split(/,/,q{");
2536 my_setenv("PERL5DB", SvPV(sv, PL_na));
2539 PL_perldb = PERLDB_ALL;
2548 PL_debug = get_debug_opts(&s) | DEBUG_TOP_FLAG;
2549 #else /* !DEBUGGING */
2550 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_DEBUGGING))
2551 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEBUGGING),
2552 "Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch (did you mean -d ?)\n");
2553 for (s++; isALNUM(*s); s++) ;
2559 usage(PL_origargv[0]);
2563 Safefree(PL_inplace);
2564 #if defined(__CYGWIN__) /* do backup extension automagically */
2565 if (*(s+1) == '\0') {
2566 PL_inplace = savepv(".bak");
2569 #endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
2570 PL_inplace = savepv(s+1);
2572 for (s = PL_inplace; *s && !isSPACE(*s); s++) ;
2575 if (*s == '-') /* Additional switches on #! line. */
2579 case 'I': /* -I handled both here and in parse_body() */
2582 while (*s && isSPACE(*s))
2587 /* ignore trailing spaces (possibly followed by other switches) */
2589 for (e = p; *e && !isSPACE(*e); e++) ;
2593 } while (*p && *p != '-');
2594 e = savepvn(s, e-s);
2595 incpush(e, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE);
2602 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No directory specified for -I");
2608 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_ors_sv);
2613 PL_ors_sv = newSVpvn("\n",1);
2614 numlen = 3 + (*s == '0');
2615 *SvPVX(PL_ors_sv) = (char)grok_oct(s, &numlen, &flags, NULL);
2619 if (RsPARA(PL_rs)) {
2620 PL_ors_sv = newSVpvn("\n\n",2);
2623 PL_ors_sv = newSVsv(PL_rs);
2630 PL_preambleav = newAV();
2632 SV *sv = newSVpv("use assertions::activate split(/,/,q", 0);
2633 sv_catpvn(sv, "\0", 1); /* Use NUL as q//-delimiter. */
2635 sv_catpvn(sv, "\0)", 2);
2637 av_push(PL_preambleav, sv);
2640 av_push(PL_preambleav, newSVpvn("use assertions::activate",24));
2643 forbid_setid("-M"); /* XXX ? */
2646 forbid_setid("-m"); /* XXX ? */
2651 /* -M-foo == 'no foo' */
2652 if (*s == '-') { use = "no "; ++s; }
2653 sv = newSVpv(use,0);
2655 /* We allow -M'Module qw(Foo Bar)' */
2656 while(isALNUM(*s) || *s==':') ++s;
2658 sv_catpv(sv, start);
2659 if (*(start-1) == 'm') {
2661 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use '%c' after -mname", *s);
2662 sv_catpv( sv, " ()");
2666 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Module name required with -%c option",
2668 sv_catpvn(sv, start, s-start);
2669 sv_catpv(sv, " split(/,/,q");
2670 sv_catpvn(sv, "\0)", 1); /* Use NUL as q//-delimiter. */
2672 sv_catpvn(sv, "\0)", 2);
2676 PL_preambleav = newAV();
2677 av_push(PL_preambleav, sv);
2680 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No space allowed after -%c", *(s-1));
2692 PL_doswitches = TRUE;
2706 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
2707 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Believe me, you don't want to use \"-u\" on a Macintosh");
2709 PL_do_undump = TRUE;
2718 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2719 Perl_form(aTHX_ "\nThis is perl, v%"VDf" built for %s",
2720 PL_patchlevel, ARCHNAME));
2722 /* Adjust verbose output as in the perl that ships with the DG/UX OS from EMC */
2723 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2724 Perl_form(aTHX_ "\nThis is perl, version %vd\n", PL_patchlevel));
2725 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2726 Perl_form(aTHX_ " built under %s at %s %s\n",
2727 OSNAME, __DATE__, __TIME__));
2728 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2729 Perl_form(aTHX_ " OS Specific Release: %s\n",
2733 #if defined(LOCAL_PATCH_COUNT)
2734 if (LOCAL_PATCH_COUNT > 0)
2735 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2736 "\n(with %d registered patch%s, "
2737 "see perl -V for more detail)",
2738 (int)LOCAL_PATCH_COUNT,
2739 (LOCAL_PATCH_COUNT!=1) ? "es" : "");
2742 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2743 "\n\nCopyright 1987-2004, Larry Wall\n");
2744 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
2745 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2746 "\nMac OS port Copyright 1991-2002, Matthias Neeracher;\n"
2747 "maintained by Chris Nandor\n");
2750 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2751 "\nMS-DOS port Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, Diomidis Spinellis\n");
2754 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2755 "djgpp v2 port (jpl5003c) by Hirofumi Watanabe, 1996\n"
2756 "djgpp v2 port (perl5004+) by Laszlo Molnar, 1997-1999\n");
2759 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2760 "\n\nOS/2 port Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, Raymond Chen, Kai Uwe Rommel\n"
2761 "Version 5 port Copyright (c) 1994-2002, Andreas Kaiser, Ilya Zakharevich\n");
2764 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2765 "atariST series port, ++jrb bammi@cadence.com\n");
2768 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2769 "BeOS port Copyright Tom Spindler, 1997-1999\n");
2772 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2773 "MPE/iX port Copyright by Mark Klein and Mark Bixby, 1996-2003\n");
2776 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2777 "MVS (OS390) port by Mortice Kern Systems, 1997-1999\n");
2780 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2781 "Stratus VOS port by Paul.Green@stratus.com, 1997-2002\n");
2784 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2785 "VM/ESA port by Neale Ferguson, 1998-1999\n");
2788 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2789 "BS2000 (POSIX) port by Start Amadeus GmbH, 1998-1999\n");
2792 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2793 "MiNT port by Guido Flohr, 1997-1999\n");
2796 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2797 "EPOC port by Olaf Flebbe, 1999-2002\n");
2800 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),"WINCE port by Rainer Keuchel, 2001-2002\n");
2801 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),"Built on " __DATE__ " " __TIME__ "\n\n");
2804 #ifdef BINARY_BUILD_NOTICE
2805 BINARY_BUILD_NOTICE;
2807 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stdout(),
2809 Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the\n\
2810 GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit.\n\n\
2811 Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on\n\
2812 this system using `man perl' or `perldoc perl'. If you have access to the\n\
2813 Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.com/, the Perl Home Page.\n\n");
2816 if (! (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ALL_MASK))
2817 PL_dowarn |= G_WARN_ON;
2821 PL_dowarn = G_WARN_ALL_ON|G_WARN_ON;
2822 if (!specialWARN(PL_compiling.cop_warnings))
2823 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2824 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = pWARN_ALL ;
2828 PL_dowarn = G_WARN_ALL_OFF;
2829 if (!specialWARN(PL_compiling.cop_warnings))
2830 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
2831 PL_compiling.cop_warnings = pWARN_NONE ;
2836 if (s[1] == '-') /* Additional switches on #! line. */
2841 #if defined(WIN32) || !defined(PERL_STRICT_CR)
2847 #ifdef ALTERNATE_SHEBANG
2848 case 'S': /* OS/2 needs -S on "extproc" line. */
2856 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't emulate -%.1s on #! line",s);
2861 /* compliments of Tom Christiansen */
2863 /* unexec() can be found in the Gnu emacs distribution */
2864 /* Known to work with -DUNEXEC and using unexelf.c from GNU emacs-20.2 */
2867 Perl_my_unexec(pTHX)
2875 prog = newSVpv(BIN_EXP, 0);
2876 sv_catpv(prog, "/perl");
2877 file = newSVpv(PL_origfilename, 0);
2878 sv_catpv(file, ".perldump");
2880 unexec(SvPVX(file), SvPVX(prog), &etext, sbrk(0), 0);
2881 /* unexec prints msg to stderr in case of failure */
2882 PerlProc_exit(status);
2885 # include <lib$routines.h>
2886 lib$signal(SS$_DEBUG); /* ssdef.h #included from vmsish.h */
2888 ABORT(); /* for use with undump */
2893 /* initialize curinterp */
2899 # define PERLVAR(var,type)
2900 # define PERLVARA(var,n,type)
2901 # if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
2902 # if defined(USE_5005THREADS)
2903 # define PERLVARI(var,type,init) PERL_GET_INTERP->var = init;
2904 # define PERLVARIC(var,type,init) PERL_GET_INTERP->var = init;
2905 # else /* !USE_5005THREADS */
2906 # define PERLVARI(var,type,init) aTHX->var = init;
2907 # define PERLVARIC(var,type,init) aTHX->var = init;
2908 # endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
2910 # define PERLVARI(var,type,init) PERL_GET_INTERP->var = init;
2911 # define PERLVARIC(var,type,init) PERL_GET_INTERP->var = init;
2913 # include "intrpvar.h"
2914 # ifndef USE_5005THREADS
2915 # include "thrdvar.h"
2922 # define PERLVAR(var,type)
2923 # define PERLVARA(var,n,type)
2924 # define PERLVARI(var,type,init) PL_##var = init;
2925 # define PERLVARIC(var,type,init) PL_##var = init;
2926 # include "intrpvar.h"
2927 # ifndef USE_5005THREADS
2928 # include "thrdvar.h"
2939 S_init_main_stash(pTHX)
2943 PL_curstash = PL_defstash = newHV();
2944 PL_curstname = newSVpvn("main",4);
2945 gv = gv_fetchpv("main::",TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
2946 SvREFCNT_dec(GvHV(gv));
2947 GvHV(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(PL_defstash);
2949 HvNAME(PL_defstash) = savepv("main");
2950 PL_incgv = gv_HVadd(gv_AVadd(gv_fetchpv("INC",TRUE, SVt_PVAV)));
2951 GvMULTI_on(PL_incgv);
2952 PL_hintgv = gv_fetchpv("\010",TRUE, SVt_PV); /* ^H */
2953 GvMULTI_on(PL_hintgv);
2954 PL_defgv = gv_fetchpv("_",TRUE, SVt_PVAV);
2955 PL_errgv = gv_HVadd(gv_fetchpv("@", TRUE, SVt_PV));
2956 GvMULTI_on(PL_errgv);
2957 PL_replgv = gv_fetchpv("\022", TRUE, SVt_PV); /* ^R */
2958 GvMULTI_on(PL_replgv);
2959 (void)Perl_form(aTHX_ "%240s",""); /* Preallocate temp - for immediate signals. */
2960 sv_grow(ERRSV, 240); /* Preallocate - for immediate signals. */
2961 sv_setpvn(ERRSV, "", 0);
2962 PL_curstash = PL_defstash;
2963 CopSTASH_set(&PL_compiling, PL_defstash);
2964 PL_debstash = GvHV(gv_fetchpv("DB::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV));
2965 PL_globalstash = GvHV(gv_fetchpv("CORE::GLOBAL::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV));
2966 /* We must init $/ before switches are processed. */
2967 sv_setpvn(get_sv("/", TRUE), "\n", 1);
2970 /* PSz 18 Nov 03 fdscript now global but do not change prototype */
2972 S_open_script(pTHX_ char *scriptname, bool dosearch, SV *sv)
2977 char *cpp_discard_flag;
2985 PL_origfilename = savepv("-e");
2988 /* if find_script() returns, it returns a malloc()-ed value */
2989 PL_origfilename = scriptname = find_script(scriptname, dosearch, NULL, 1);
2991 if (strnEQ(scriptname, "/dev/fd/", 8) && isDIGIT(scriptname[8]) ) {
2992 char *s = scriptname + 8;
2993 PL_fdscript = atoi(s);
2998 * Tell apart "normal" usage of fdscript, e.g.
2999 * with bash on FreeBSD:
3000 * perl <( echo '#!perl -DA'; echo 'print "$0\n"')
3001 * from usage in suidperl.
3002 * Does any "normal" usage leave garbage after the number???
3003 * Is it a mistake to use a similar /dev/fd/ construct for
3008 * Be supersafe and do some sanity-checks.
3009 * Still, can we be sure we got the right thing?
3012 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Wrong syntax (suid) fd script name \"%s\"\n", s);
3015 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Missing (suid) fd script name\n");
3017 scriptname = savepv(s + 1);
3018 Safefree(PL_origfilename);
3019 PL_origfilename = scriptname;
3024 CopFILE_free(PL_curcop);
3025 CopFILE_set(PL_curcop, PL_origfilename);
3026 if (strEQ(PL_origfilename,"-"))
3028 if (PL_fdscript >= 0) {
3029 PL_rsfp = PerlIO_fdopen(PL_fdscript,PERL_SCRIPT_MODE);
3030 # if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
3032 /* ensure close-on-exec */
3033 fcntl(PerlIO_fileno(PL_rsfp),F_SETFD,1);
3038 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "sperl needs fd script\n"
3039 "You should not call sperl directly; do you need to "
3040 "change a #! line\nfrom sperl to perl?\n");
3043 * Do not open (or do other fancy stuff) while setuid.
3044 * Perl does the open, and hands script to suidperl on a fd;
3045 * suidperl only does some checks, sets up UIDs and re-execs
3046 * perl with that fd as it has always done.
3049 if (PL_suidscript != 1) {
3050 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "suidperl needs (suid) fd script\n");
3053 else if (PL_preprocess) {
3054 char *cpp_cfg = CPPSTDIN;
3055 SV *cpp = newSVpvn("",0);
3056 SV *cmd = NEWSV(0,0);
3058 if (cpp_cfg[0] == 0) /* PERL_MICRO? */
3059 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't run with cpp -P with CPPSTDIN undefined");
3060 if (strEQ(cpp_cfg, "cppstdin"))
3061 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ cpp, "%s/", BIN_EXP);
3062 sv_catpv(cpp, cpp_cfg);
3065 sv_catpvn(sv, "-I", 2);
3066 sv_catpv(sv,PRIVLIB_EXP);
3069 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3070 "PL_preprocess: scriptname=\"%s\", cpp=\"%s\", sv=\"%s\", CPPMINUS=\"%s\"\n",
3071 scriptname, SvPVX (cpp), SvPVX (sv), CPPMINUS));
3073 # if defined(MSDOS) || defined(WIN32) || defined(VMS)
3080 cpp_discard_flag = "";
3082 cpp_discard_flag = "-C";
3086 perl = os2_execname(aTHX);
3088 perl = PL_origargv[0];
3092 /* This strips off Perl comments which might interfere with
3093 the C pre-processor, including #!. #line directives are
3094 deliberately stripped to avoid confusion with Perl's version
3095 of #line. FWP played some golf with it so it will fit
3096 into VMS's 255 character buffer.
3099 code = "(1../^#!.*perl/i)|/^\\s*#(?!\\s*((ifn?|un)def|(el|end)?if|define|include|else|error|pragma)\\b)/||!($|=1)||print";
3101 code = "/^\\s*#(?!\\s*((ifn?|un)def|(el|end)?if|define|include|else|error|pragma)\\b)/||!($|=1)||print";
3103 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ cmd, "\
3104 %s -ne%s%s%s %s | %"SVf" %s %"SVf" %s",
3105 perl, quote, code, quote, scriptname, cpp,
3106 cpp_discard_flag, sv, CPPMINUS);
3108 PL_doextract = FALSE;
3110 DEBUG_P(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
3111 "PL_preprocess: cmd=\"%s\"\n",
3114 PL_rsfp = PerlProc_popen(SvPVX(cmd), "r");
3118 else if (!*scriptname) {
3119 forbid_setid("program input from stdin");
3120 PL_rsfp = PerlIO_stdin();
3123 PL_rsfp = PerlIO_open(scriptname,PERL_SCRIPT_MODE);
3124 # if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
3126 /* ensure close-on-exec */
3127 fcntl(PerlIO_fileno(PL_rsfp),F_SETFD,1);
3130 #endif /* IAMSUID */
3132 /* PSz 16 Sep 03 Keep neat error message */
3133 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't open perl script \"%s\": %s\n",
3134 CopFILE(PL_curcop), Strerror(errno));
3139 * I_SYSSTATVFS HAS_FSTATVFS
3141 * I_STATFS HAS_FSTATFS HAS_GETFSSTAT
3142 * I_MNTENT HAS_GETMNTENT HAS_HASMNTOPT
3143 * here so that metaconfig picks them up. */
3147 S_fd_on_nosuid_fs(pTHX_ int fd)
3150 * We used to do this as "plain" user (after swapping UIDs with setreuid);
3151 * but is needed also on machines without setreuid.
3152 * Seems safe enough to run as root.
3154 int check_okay = 0; /* able to do all the required sys/libcalls */
3155 int on_nosuid = 0; /* the fd is on a nosuid fs */
3157 * Need to check noexec also: nosuid might not be set, the average
3158 * sysadmin would say that nosuid is irrelevant once he sets noexec.
3160 int on_noexec = 0; /* the fd is on a noexec fs */
3163 * Preferred order: fstatvfs(), fstatfs(), ustat()+getmnt(), getmntent().
3164 * fstatvfs() is UNIX98.
3165 * fstatfs() is 4.3 BSD.
3166 * ustat()+getmnt() is pre-4.3 BSD.
3167 * getmntent() is O(number-of-mounted-filesystems) and can hang on
3168 * an irrelevant filesystem while trying to reach the right one.
3171 #undef FD_ON_NOSUID_CHECK_OKAY /* found the syscalls to do the check? */
3173 # if !defined(FD_ON_NOSUID_CHECK_OKAY) && \
3174 defined(HAS_FSTATVFS)
3175 # define FD_ON_NOSUID_CHECK_OKAY
3176 struct statvfs stfs;
3178 check_okay = fstatvfs(fd, &stfs) == 0;
3179 on_nosuid = check_okay && (stfs.f_flag & ST_NOSUID);
3181 /* ST_NOEXEC certainly absent on AIX 5.1, and doesn't seem to be documented
3182 on platforms where it is present. */
3183 on_noexec = check_okay && (stfs.f_flag & ST_NOEXEC);
3185 # endif /* fstatvfs */
3187 # if !defined(FD_ON_NOSUID_CHECK_OKAY) && \
3188 defined(PERL_MOUNT_NOSUID) && \
3189 defined(PERL_MOUNT_NOEXEC) && \
3190 defined(HAS_FSTATFS) && \
3191 defined(HAS_STRUCT_STATFS) && \
3192 defined(HAS_STRUCT_STATFS_F_FLAGS)
3193 # define FD_ON_NOSUID_CHECK_OKAY
3196 check_okay = fstatfs(fd, &stfs) == 0;
3197 on_nosuid = check_okay && (stfs.f_flags & PERL_MOUNT_NOSUID);
3198 on_noexec = check_okay && (stfs.f_flags & PERL_MOUNT_NOEXEC);
3199 # endif /* fstatfs */
3201 # if !defined(FD_ON_NOSUID_CHECK_OKAY) && \
3202 defined(PERL_MOUNT_NOSUID) && \
3203 defined(PERL_MOUNT_NOEXEC) && \
3204 defined(HAS_FSTAT) && \
3205 defined(HAS_USTAT) && \
3206 defined(HAS_GETMNT) && \
3207 defined(HAS_STRUCT_FS_DATA) && \
3209 # define FD_ON_NOSUID_CHECK_OKAY
3212 if (fstat(fd, &fdst) == 0) {
3214 if (ustat(fdst.st_dev, &us) == 0) {
3216 /* NOSTAT_ONE here because we're not examining fields which
3217 * vary between that case and STAT_ONE. */
3218 if (getmnt((int*)0, &fsd, (int)0, NOSTAT_ONE, us.f_fname) == 0) {
3219 size_t cmplen = sizeof(us.f_fname);
3220 if (sizeof(fsd.fd_req.path) < cmplen)
3221 cmplen = sizeof(fsd.fd_req.path);
3222 if (strnEQ(fsd.fd_req.path, us.f_fname, cmplen) &&
3223 fdst.st_dev == fsd.fd_req.dev) {
3225 on_nosuid = fsd.fd_req.flags & PERL_MOUNT_NOSUID;
3226 on_noexec = fsd.fd_req.flags & PERL_MOUNT_NOEXEC;
3232 # endif /* fstat+ustat+getmnt */
3234 # if !defined(FD_ON_NOSUID_CHECK_OKAY) && \
3235 defined(HAS_GETMNTENT) && \
3236 defined(HAS_HASMNTOPT) && \
3237 defined(MNTOPT_NOSUID) && \
3238 defined(MNTOPT_NOEXEC)
3239 # define FD_ON_NOSUID_CHECK_OKAY
3240 FILE *mtab = fopen("/etc/mtab", "r");
3241 struct mntent *entry;
3244 if (mtab && (fstat(fd, &stb) == 0)) {
3245 while (entry = getmntent(mtab)) {
3246 if (stat(entry->mnt_dir, &fsb) == 0
3247 && fsb.st_dev == stb.st_dev)
3249 /* found the filesystem */
3251 if (hasmntopt(entry, MNTOPT_NOSUID))
3253 if (hasmntopt(entry, MNTOPT_NOEXEC))
3256 } /* A single fs may well fail its stat(). */
3261 # endif /* getmntent+hasmntopt */
3264 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't check filesystem of script \"%s\" for nosuid/noexec", PL_origfilename);
3266 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Setuid script \"%s\" on nosuid filesystem", PL_origfilename);
3268 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Setuid script \"%s\" on noexec filesystem", PL_origfilename);
3269 return ((!check_okay) || on_nosuid || on_noexec);
3271 #endif /* IAMSUID */
3274 S_validate_suid(pTHX_ char *validarg, char *scriptname)
3278 #endif /* IAMSUID */
3280 /* do we need to emulate setuid on scripts? */
3282 /* This code is for those BSD systems that have setuid #! scripts disabled
3283 * in the kernel because of a security problem. Merely defining DOSUID
3284 * in perl will not fix that problem, but if you have disabled setuid
3285 * scripts in the kernel, this will attempt to emulate setuid and setgid
3286 * on scripts that have those now-otherwise-useless bits set. The setuid
3287 * root version must be called suidperl or sperlN.NNN. If regular perl
3288 * discovers that it has opened a setuid script, it calls suidperl with
3289 * the same argv that it had. If suidperl finds that the script it has
3290 * just opened is NOT setuid root, it sets the effective uid back to the
3291 * uid. We don't just make perl setuid root because that loses the
3292 * effective uid we had before invoking perl, if it was different from the
3295 * Description/comments above do not match current workings:
3296 * suidperl must be hardlinked to sperlN.NNN (that is what we exec);
3297 * suidperl called with script open and name changed to /dev/fd/N/X;
3298 * suidperl croaks if script is not setuid;
3299 * making perl setuid would be a huge security risk (and yes, that
3300 * would lose any euid we might have had).
3302 * DOSUID must be defined in both perl and suidperl, and IAMSUID must
3303 * be defined in suidperl only. suidperl must be setuid root. The
3304 * Configure script will set this up for you if you want it.
3310 if (PerlLIO_fstat(PerlIO_fileno(PL_rsfp),&PL_statbuf) < 0) /* normal stat is insecure */
3311 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't stat script \"%s\"",PL_origfilename);
3312 if (PL_statbuf.st_mode & (S_ISUID|S_ISGID)) {
3317 if (PL_fdscript < 0 || PL_suidscript != 1)
3318 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Need (suid) fdscript in suidperl\n"); /* We already checked this */
3320 * Since the script is opened by perl, not suidperl, some of these
3321 * checks are superfluous. Leaving them in probably does not lower
3325 * Do checks even for systems with no HAS_SETREUID.
3326 * We used to swap, then re-swap UIDs with
3328 if (setreuid(PL_euid,PL_uid) < 0
3329 || PerlProc_getuid() != PL_euid || PerlProc_geteuid() != PL_uid)
3330 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't swap uid and euid");
3333 if (setreuid(PL_uid,PL_euid) < 0
3334 || PerlProc_getuid() != PL_uid || PerlProc_geteuid() != PL_euid)
3335 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't reswap uid and euid");
3339 /* On this access check to make sure the directories are readable,
3340 * there is actually a small window that the user could use to make
3341 * filename point to an accessible directory. So there is a faint
3342 * chance that someone could execute a setuid script down in a
3343 * non-accessible directory. I don't know what to do about that.
3344 * But I don't think it's too important. The manual lies when
3345 * it says access() is useful in setuid programs.
3347 * So, access() is pretty useless... but not harmful... do anyway.
3349 if (PerlLIO_access(CopFILE(PL_curcop),1)) { /*double check*/
3350 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't access() script\n");
3353 /* If we can swap euid and uid, then we can determine access rights
3354 * with a simple stat of the file, and then compare device and
3355 * inode to make sure we did stat() on the same file we opened.
3356 * Then we just have to make sure he or she can execute it.
3359 * As the script is opened by perl, not suidperl, we do not need to
3360 * care much about access rights.
3362 * The 'script changed' check is needed, or we can get lied to
3363 * about $0 with e.g.
3364 * suidperl /dev/fd/4//bin/x 4<setuidscript
3365 * Without HAS_SETREUID, is it safe to stat() as root?
3367 * Are there any operating systems that pass /dev/fd/xxx for setuid
3368 * scripts, as suggested/described in perlsec(1)? Surely they do not
3369 * pass the script name as we do, so the "script changed" test would
3370 * fail for them... but we never get here with
3371 * SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW defined.
3373 * This is one place where we must "lie" about return status: not
3374 * say if the stat() failed. We are doing this as root, and could
3375 * be tricked into reporting existence or not of files that the
3376 * "plain" user cannot even see.
3380 if (PerlLIO_stat(CopFILE(PL_curcop),&tmpstatbuf) < 0 ||
3381 tmpstatbuf.st_dev != PL_statbuf.st_dev ||
3382 tmpstatbuf.st_ino != PL_statbuf.st_ino) {
3383 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Setuid script changed\n");
3387 if (!cando(S_IXUSR,FALSE,&PL_statbuf)) /* can real uid exec? */
3388 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Real UID cannot exec script\n");
3391 * We used to do this check as the "plain" user (after swapping
3392 * UIDs). But the check for nosuid and noexec filesystem is needed,
3393 * and should be done even without HAS_SETREUID. (Maybe those
3394 * operating systems do not have such mount options anyway...)
3395 * Seems safe enough to do as root.
3397 #if !defined(NO_NOSUID_CHECK)
3398 if (fd_on_nosuid_fs(PerlIO_fileno(PL_rsfp))) {
3399 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Setuid script on nosuid or noexec filesystem\n");
3402 #endif /* IAMSUID */
3404 if (!S_ISREG(PL_statbuf.st_mode)) {
3405 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Setuid script not plain file\n");
3407 if (PL_statbuf.st_mode & S_IWOTH)
3408 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Setuid/gid script is writable by world");
3409 PL_doswitches = FALSE; /* -s is insecure in suid */
3410 /* PSz 13 Nov 03 But -s was caught elsewhere ... so unsetting it here is useless(?!) */
3411 CopLINE_inc(PL_curcop);
3412 if (sv_gets(PL_linestr, PL_rsfp, 0) == Nullch ||
3413 strnNE(SvPV(PL_linestr,n_a),"#!",2) ) /* required even on Sys V */
3414 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No #! line");
3415 s = SvPV(PL_linestr,n_a)+2;
3417 /* Sanity check on line length */
3418 if (strlen(s) < 1 || strlen(s) > 4000)
3419 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Very long #! line");
3420 /* Allow more than a single space after #! */
3421 while (isSPACE(*s)) s++;
3422 /* Sanity check on buffer end */
3423 while ((*s) && !isSPACE(*s)) s++;
3424 for (s2 = s; (s2 > SvPV(PL_linestr,n_a)+2 &&
3425 (isDIGIT(s2[-1]) || strchr("._-", s2[-1]))); s2--) ;
3426 /* Sanity check on buffer start */
3427 if ( (s2-4 < SvPV(PL_linestr,n_a)+2 || strnNE(s2-4,"perl",4)) &&
3428 (s-9 < SvPV(PL_linestr,n_a)+2 || strnNE(s-9,"perl",4)) )
3429 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Not a perl script");
3430 while (*s == ' ' || *s == '\t') s++;
3432 * #! arg must be what we saw above. They can invoke it by
3433 * mentioning suidperl explicitly, but they may not add any strange
3434 * arguments beyond what #! says if they do invoke suidperl that way.
3437 * The way validarg was set up, we rely on the kernel to start
3438 * scripts with argv[1] set to contain all #! line switches (the
3442 * Check that we got all the arguments listed in the #! line (not
3443 * just that there are no extraneous arguments). Might not matter
3444 * much, as switches from #! line seem to be acted upon (also), and
3445 * so may be checked and trapped in perl. But, security checks must
3446 * be done in suidperl and not deferred to perl. Note that suidperl
3447 * does not get around to parsing (and checking) the switches on
3448 * the #! line (but execs perl sooner).
3449 * Allow (require) a trailing newline (which may be of two
3450 * characters on some architectures?) (but no other trailing
3453 len = strlen(validarg);
3454 if (strEQ(validarg," PHOOEY ") ||
3455 strnNE(s,validarg,len) || !isSPACE(s[len]) ||
3456 !(strlen(s) == len+1 || (strlen(s) == len+2 && isSPACE(s[len+1]))))
3457 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Args must match #! line");
3460 if (PL_fdscript < 0 &&
3461 PL_euid != PL_uid && (PL_statbuf.st_mode & S_ISUID) &&
3462 PL_euid == PL_statbuf.st_uid)
3464 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!\n\
3465 FIX YOUR KERNEL, OR PUT A C WRAPPER AROUND THIS SCRIPT!\n");
3466 #endif /* IAMSUID */
3468 if (PL_fdscript < 0 &&
3469 PL_euid) { /* oops, we're not the setuid root perl */
3471 * When root runs a setuid script, we do not go through the same
3472 * steps of execing sperl and then perl with fd scripts, but
3473 * simply set up UIDs within the same perl invocation; so do
3474 * not have the same checks (on options, whatever) that we have
3475 * for plain users. No problem really: would have to be a script
3476 * that does not actually work for plain users; and if root is
3477 * foolish and can be persuaded to run such an unsafe script, he
3478 * might run also non-setuid ones, and deserves what he gets.
3480 * Or, we might drop the PL_euid check above (and rely just on
3481 * PL_fdscript to avoid loops), and do the execs
3487 * Pass fd script to suidperl.
3488 * Exec suidperl, substituting fd script for scriptname.
3489 * Pass script name as "subdir" of fd, which perl will grok;
3490 * in fact will use that to distinguish this from "normal"
3491 * usage, see comments above.
3493 PerlIO_rewind(PL_rsfp);
3494 PerlLIO_lseek(PerlIO_fileno(PL_rsfp),(Off_t)0,0); /* just in case rewind didn't */
3495 /* PSz 27 Feb 04 Sanity checks on scriptname */
3496 if ((!scriptname) || (!*scriptname) ) {
3497 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No setuid script name\n");
3499 if (*scriptname == '-') {
3500 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Setuid script name may not begin with dash\n");
3501 /* Or we might confuse it with an option when replacing
3502 * name in argument list, below (though we do pointer, not
3503 * string, comparisons).
3506 for (which = 1; PL_origargv[which] && PL_origargv[which] != scriptname; which++) ;
3507 if (!PL_origargv[which]) {
3508 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't change argv to have fd script\n");
3510 PL_origargv[which] = savepv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "/dev/fd/%d/%s",
3511 PerlIO_fileno(PL_rsfp), PL_origargv[which]));
3512 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
3513 fcntl(PerlIO_fileno(PL_rsfp),F_SETFD,0); /* ensure no close-on-exec */
3516 PerlProc_execv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s/sperl"PERL_FS_VER_FMT, BIN_EXP,
3517 (int)PERL_REVISION, (int)PERL_VERSION,
3518 (int)PERL_SUBVERSION), PL_origargv);
3520 #endif /* IAMSUID */
3521 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't do setuid (cannot exec sperl)\n");
3524 if (PL_statbuf.st_mode & S_ISGID && PL_statbuf.st_gid != PL_egid) {
3526 * This seems back to front: we try HAS_SETEGID first; if not available
3527 * then try HAS_SETREGID; as a last chance we try HAS_SETRESGID. May be OK
3528 * in the sense that we only want to set EGID; but are there any machines
3529 * with either of the latter, but not the former? Same with UID, later.
3532 (void)setegid(PL_statbuf.st_gid);
3535 (void)setregid((Gid_t)-1,PL_statbuf.st_gid);
3537 #ifdef HAS_SETRESGID
3538 (void)setresgid((Gid_t)-1,PL_statbuf.st_gid,(Gid_t)-1);
3540 PerlProc_setgid(PL_statbuf.st_gid);
3544 if (PerlProc_getegid() != PL_statbuf.st_gid)
3545 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't do setegid!\n");
3547 if (PL_statbuf.st_mode & S_ISUID) {
3548 if (PL_statbuf.st_uid != PL_euid)
3550 (void)seteuid(PL_statbuf.st_uid); /* all that for this */
3553 (void)setreuid((Uid_t)-1,PL_statbuf.st_uid);
3555 #ifdef HAS_SETRESUID
3556 (void)setresuid((Uid_t)-1,PL_statbuf.st_uid,(Uid_t)-1);
3558 PerlProc_setuid(PL_statbuf.st_uid);
3562 if (PerlProc_geteuid() != PL_statbuf.st_uid)
3563 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't do seteuid!\n");
3565 else if (PL_uid) { /* oops, mustn't run as root */
3567 (void)seteuid((Uid_t)PL_uid);
3570 (void)setreuid((Uid_t)-1,(Uid_t)PL_uid);
3572 #ifdef HAS_SETRESUID
3573 (void)setresuid((Uid_t)-1,(Uid_t)PL_uid,(Uid_t)-1);
3575 PerlProc_setuid((Uid_t)PL_uid);
3579 if (PerlProc_geteuid() != PL_uid)
3580 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't do seteuid!\n");
3583 if (!cando(S_IXUSR,TRUE,&PL_statbuf))
3584 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Effective UID cannot exec script\n"); /* they can't do this */
3587 else if (PL_preprocess) /* PSz 13 Nov 03 Caught elsewhere, useless(?!) here */
3588 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "-P not allowed for setuid/setgid script\n");
3589 else if (PL_fdscript < 0 || PL_suidscript != 1)
3590 /* PSz 13 Nov 03 Caught elsewhere, useless(?!) here */
3591 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "(suid) fdscript needed in suidperl\n");
3593 /* PSz 16 Sep 03 Keep neat error message */
3594 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl\n");
3597 /* We absolutely must clear out any saved ids here, so we */
3598 /* exec the real perl, substituting fd script for scriptname. */
3599 /* (We pass script name as "subdir" of fd, which perl will grok.) */
3601 * It might be thought that using setresgid and/or setresuid (changed to
3602 * set the saved IDs) above might obviate the need to exec, and we could
3603 * go on to "do the perl thing".
3605 * Is there such a thing as "saved GID", and is that set for setuid (but
3606 * not setgid) execution like suidperl? Without exec, it would not be
3607 * cleared for setuid (but not setgid) scripts (or might need a dummy
3610 * We need suidperl to do the exact same argument checking that perl
3611 * does. Thus it cannot be very small; while it could be significantly
3612 * smaller, it is safer (simpler?) to make it essentially the same
3613 * binary as perl (but they are not identical). - Maybe could defer that
3614 * check to the invoked perl, and suidperl be a tiny wrapper instead;
3615 * but prefer to do thorough checks in suidperl itself. Such deferral
3616 * would make suidperl security rely on perl, a design no-no.
3618 * Setuid things should be short and simple, thus easy to understand and
3619 * verify. They should do their "own thing", without influence by
3620 * attackers. It may help if their internal execution flow is fixed,
3621 * regardless of platform: it may be best to exec anyway.
3623 * Suidperl should at least be conceptually simple: a wrapper only,
3624 * never to do any real perl. Maybe we should put
3626 * Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Suidperl should never do real perl\n");
3628 * into the perly bits.
3630 PerlIO_rewind(PL_rsfp);
3631 PerlLIO_lseek(PerlIO_fileno(PL_rsfp),(Off_t)0,0); /* just in case rewind didn't */
3633 * Keep original arguments: suidperl already has fd script.
3635 /* for (which = 1; PL_origargv[which] && PL_origargv[which] != scriptname; which++) ; */
3636 /* if (!PL_origargv[which]) { */
3637 /* errno = EPERM; */
3638 /* Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Permission denied\n"); */
3640 /* PL_origargv[which] = savepv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "/dev/fd/%d/%s", */
3641 /* PerlIO_fileno(PL_rsfp), PL_origargv[which])); */
3642 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
3643 fcntl(PerlIO_fileno(PL_rsfp),F_SETFD,0); /* ensure no close-on-exec */
3646 PerlProc_execv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s/perl"PERL_FS_VER_FMT, BIN_EXP,
3647 (int)PERL_REVISION, (int)PERL_VERSION,
3648 (int)PERL_SUBVERSION), PL_origargv);/* try again */
3650 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't do setuid (suidperl cannot exec perl)\n");
3651 #endif /* IAMSUID */
3653 if (PL_euid != PL_uid || PL_egid != PL_gid) { /* (suidperl doesn't exist, in fact) */
3654 #ifndef SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW
3655 PerlLIO_fstat(PerlIO_fileno(PL_rsfp),&PL_statbuf); /* may be either wrapped or real suid */
3656 if ((PL_euid != PL_uid && PL_euid == PL_statbuf.st_uid && PL_statbuf.st_mode & S_ISUID)
3658 (PL_egid != PL_gid && PL_egid == PL_statbuf.st_gid && PL_statbuf.st_mode & S_ISGID)
3661 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!\n\
3662 FIX YOUR KERNEL, PUT A C WRAPPER AROUND THIS SCRIPT, OR USE -u AND UNDUMP!\n");
3663 #endif /* SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW */
3664 /* not set-id, must be wrapped */
3670 S_find_beginning(pTHX)
3672 register char *s, *s2;
3673 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
3677 /* skip forward in input to the real script? */
3680 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
3681 /* Since the Mac OS does not honor #! arguments for us, we do it ourselves */
3683 while (PL_doextract || gMacPerl_AlwaysExtract) {
3684 if ((s = sv_gets(PL_linestr, PL_rsfp, 0)) == Nullch) {
3685 if (!gMacPerl_AlwaysExtract)
3686 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No Perl script found in input\n");
3688 if (PL_doextract) /* require explicit override ? */
3689 if (!OverrideExtract(PL_origfilename))
3690 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "User aborted script\n");
3692 PL_doextract = FALSE;
3694 /* Pater peccavi, file does not have #! */
3695 PerlIO_rewind(PL_rsfp);
3700 while (PL_doextract) {
3701 if ((s = sv_gets(PL_linestr, PL_rsfp, 0)) == Nullch)
3702 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No Perl script found in input\n");
3705 if (*s == '#' && s[1] == '!' && ((s = instr(s,"perl")) || (s = instr(s2,"PERL")))) {
3706 PerlIO_ungetc(PL_rsfp, '\n'); /* to keep line count right */
3707 PL_doextract = FALSE;
3708 while (*s && !(isSPACE (*s) || *s == '#')) s++;
3710 while (*s == ' ' || *s == '\t') s++;
3712 while (isDIGIT(s2[-1]) || strchr("-._", s2[-1])) s2--;
3713 if (strnEQ(s2-4,"perl",4))
3715 while ((s = moreswitches(s)))
3718 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
3719 /* We are always searching for the #!perl line in MacPerl,
3720 * so if we find it, still keep the line count correct
3721 * by counting lines we already skipped over
3723 for (; maclines > 0 ; maclines--)
3724 PerlIO_ungetc(PL_rsfp, '\n');
3728 /* gMacPerl_AlwaysExtract is false in MPW tool */
3729 } else if (gMacPerl_AlwaysExtract) {
3740 PL_uid = PerlProc_getuid();
3741 PL_euid = PerlProc_geteuid();
3742 PL_gid = PerlProc_getgid();
3743 PL_egid = PerlProc_getegid();
3745 PL_uid |= PL_gid << 16;
3746 PL_euid |= PL_egid << 16;
3748 /* Should not happen: */
3749 CHECK_MALLOC_TAINT(PL_uid && (PL_euid != PL_uid || PL_egid != PL_gid));
3750 PL_tainting |= (PL_uid && (PL_euid != PL_uid || PL_egid != PL_gid));
3753 * Should go by suidscript, not uid!=euid: why disallow
3754 * system("ls") in scripts run from setuid things?
3755 * Or, is this run before we check arguments and set suidscript?
3756 * What about SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW: could we use fdscript then?
3757 * (We never have suidscript, can we be sure to have fdscript?)
3758 * Or must then go by UID checks? See comments in forbid_setid also.
3762 /* This is used very early in the lifetime of the program,
3763 * before even the options are parsed, so PL_tainting has
3764 * not been initialized properly. */
3766 Perl_doing_taint(int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[])
3768 #ifndef PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3769 /* If we have PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS we can't call getuid() et alia
3770 * before we have an interpreter-- and the whole point of this
3771 * function is to be called at such an early stage. If you are on
3772 * a system with PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS but you do have a concept of
3773 * "tainted because running with altered effective ids', you'll
3774 * have to add your own checks somewhere in here. The two most
3775 * known samples of 'implicitness' are Win32 and NetWare, neither
3776 * of which has much of concept of 'uids'. */
3777 int uid = PerlProc_getuid();
3778 int euid = PerlProc_geteuid();
3779 int gid = PerlProc_getgid();
3780 int egid = PerlProc_getegid();
3786 if (uid && (euid != uid || egid != gid))
3788 #endif /* !PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS */
3789 /* This is a really primitive check; environment gets ignored only
3790 * if -T are the first chars together; otherwise one gets
3791 * "Too late" message. */
3792 if ( argc > 1 && argv[1][0] == '-'
3793 && (argv[1][1] == 't' || argv[1][1] == 'T') )
3799 S_forbid_setid(pTHX_ char *s)
3801 #ifdef SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW
3802 if (PL_euid != PL_uid)
3803 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No %s allowed while running setuid", s);
3804 if (PL_egid != PL_gid)
3805 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No %s allowed while running setgid", s);
3806 #endif /* SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW */
3808 * Checks for UID/GID above "wrong": why disallow
3809 * perl -e 'print "Hello\n"'
3810 * from within setuid things?? Simply drop them: replaced by
3811 * fdscript/suidscript and #ifdef IAMSUID checks below.
3813 * This may be too late for command-line switches. Will catch those on
3814 * the #! line, after finding the script name and setting up
3815 * fdscript/suidscript. Note that suidperl does not get around to
3816 * parsing (and checking) the switches on the #! line, but checks that
3817 * the two sets are identical.
3819 * With SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, could we use fdscript, also or
3820 * instead, or would that be "too late"? (We never have suidscript, can
3821 * we be sure to have fdscript?)
3823 * Catch things with suidscript (in descendant of suidperl), even with
3824 * right UID/GID. Was already checked in suidperl, with #ifdef IAMSUID,
3825 * below; but I am paranoid.
3827 * Also see comments about root running a setuid script, elsewhere.
3829 if (PL_suidscript >= 0)
3830 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No %s allowed with (suid) fdscript", s);
3832 /* PSz 11 Nov 03 Catch it in suidperl, always! */
3833 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No %s allowed in suidperl", s);
3834 #endif /* IAMSUID */
3838 Perl_init_debugger(pTHX)
3840 HV *ostash = PL_curstash;
3842 PL_curstash = PL_debstash;
3843 PL_dbargs = GvAV(gv_AVadd((gv_fetchpv("DB::args", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVAV))));
3844 AvREAL_off(PL_dbargs);
3845 PL_DBgv = gv_fetchpv("DB::DB", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVGV);
3846 PL_DBline = gv_fetchpv("DB::dbline", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVAV);
3847 PL_DBsub = gv_HVadd(gv_fetchpv("DB::sub", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV));
3848 sv_upgrade(GvSV(PL_DBsub), SVt_IV); /* IVX accessed if PERLDB_SUB_NN */
3849 PL_DBsingle = GvSV((gv_fetchpv("DB::single", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)));
3850 sv_setiv(PL_DBsingle, 0);
3851 PL_DBtrace = GvSV((gv_fetchpv("DB::trace", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)));
3852 sv_setiv(PL_DBtrace, 0);
3853 PL_DBsignal = GvSV((gv_fetchpv("DB::signal", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)));
3854 sv_setiv(PL_DBsignal, 0);
3855 PL_DBassertion = GvSV((gv_fetchpv("DB::assertion", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PV)));
3856 sv_setiv(PL_DBassertion, 0);
3857 PL_curstash = ostash;
3860 #ifndef STRESS_REALLOC
3861 #define REASONABLE(size) (size)
3863 #define REASONABLE(size) (1) /* unreasonable */
3867 Perl_init_stacks(pTHX)
3869 /* start with 128-item stack and 8K cxstack */
3870 PL_curstackinfo = new_stackinfo(REASONABLE(128),
3871 REASONABLE(8192/sizeof(PERL_CONTEXT) - 1));
3872 PL_curstackinfo->si_type = PERLSI_MAIN;
3873 PL_curstack = PL_curstackinfo->si_stack;
3874 PL_mainstack = PL_curstack; /* remember in case we switch stacks */
3876 PL_stack_base = AvARRAY(PL_curstack);
3877 PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base;
3878 PL_stack_max = PL_stack_base + AvMAX(PL_curstack);
3880 New(50,PL_tmps_stack,REASONABLE(128),SV*);
3883 PL_tmps_max = REASONABLE(128);
3885 New(54,PL_markstack,REASONABLE(32),I32);
3886 PL_markstack_ptr = PL_markstack;
3887 PL_markstack_max = PL_markstack + REASONABLE(32);
3891 New(54,PL_scopestack,REASONABLE(32),I32);
3892 PL_scopestack_ix = 0;
3893 PL_scopestack_max = REASONABLE(32);
3895 New(54,PL_savestack,REASONABLE(128),ANY);
3896 PL_savestack_ix = 0;
3897 PL_savestack_max = REASONABLE(128);
3905 while (PL_curstackinfo->si_next)
3906 PL_curstackinfo = PL_curstackinfo->si_next;
3907 while (PL_curstackinfo) {
3908 PERL_SI *p = PL_curstackinfo->si_prev;
3909 /* curstackinfo->si_stack got nuked by sv_free_arenas() */
3910 Safefree(PL_curstackinfo->si_cxstack);
3911 Safefree(PL_curstackinfo);
3912 PL_curstackinfo = p;
3914 Safefree(PL_tmps_stack);
3915 Safefree(PL_markstack);
3916 Safefree(PL_scopestack);
3917 Safefree(PL_savestack);
3926 lex_start(PL_linestr);
3928 PL_subname = newSVpvn("main",4);
3932 S_init_predump_symbols(pTHX)
3937 sv_setpvn(get_sv("\"", TRUE), " ", 1);
3938 PL_stdingv = gv_fetchpv("STDIN",TRUE, SVt_PVIO);
3939 GvMULTI_on(PL_stdingv);
3940 io = GvIOp(PL_stdingv);
3941 IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_RDONLY;
3942 IoIFP(io) = PerlIO_stdin();
3943 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv("stdin",TRUE, SVt_PV);
3945 GvIOp(tmpgv) = (IO*)SvREFCNT_inc(io);
3947 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv("STDOUT",TRUE, SVt_PVIO);
3950 IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_WRONLY;
3951 IoOFP(io) = IoIFP(io) = PerlIO_stdout();
3953 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv("stdout",TRUE, SVt_PV);
3955 GvIOp(tmpgv) = (IO*)SvREFCNT_inc(io);
3957 PL_stderrgv = gv_fetchpv("STDERR",TRUE, SVt_PVIO);
3958 GvMULTI_on(PL_stderrgv);
3959 io = GvIOp(PL_stderrgv);
3960 IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_WRONLY;
3961 IoOFP(io) = IoIFP(io) = PerlIO_stderr();
3962 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv("stderr",TRUE, SVt_PV);
3964 GvIOp(tmpgv) = (IO*)SvREFCNT_inc(io);
3966 PL_statname = NEWSV(66,0); /* last filename we did stat on */
3969 Safefree(PL_osname);
3970 PL_osname = savepv(OSNAME);
3974 Perl_init_argv_symbols(pTHX_ register int argc, register char **argv)
3977 argc--,argv++; /* skip name of script */
3978 if (PL_doswitches) {
3979 for (; argc > 0 && **argv == '-'; argc--,argv++) {
3982 if (argv[0][1] == '-' && !argv[0][2]) {
3986 if ((s = strchr(argv[0], '='))) {
3988 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv_fetchpv(argv[0]+1,TRUE, SVt_PV)),s);
3991 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv_fetchpv(argv[0]+1,TRUE, SVt_PV)),1);
3994 if ((PL_argvgv = gv_fetchpv("ARGV",TRUE, SVt_PVAV))) {
3995 GvMULTI_on(PL_argvgv);
3996 (void)gv_AVadd(PL_argvgv);
3997 av_clear(GvAVn(PL_argvgv));
3998 for (; argc > 0; argc--,argv++) {
3999 SV *sv = newSVpv(argv[0],0);
4000 av_push(GvAVn(PL_argvgv),sv);
4001 if (!(PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_LOCALE_FLAG) || PL_utf8locale) {
4002 if (PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_ARGV_FLAG)
4005 if (PL_unicode & PERL_UNICODE_WIDESYSCALLS_FLAG) /* Sarathy? */
4006 (void)sv_utf8_decode(sv);
4011 #ifdef HAS_PROCSELFEXE
4012 /* This is a function so that we don't hold on to MAXPATHLEN
4013 bytes of stack longer than necessary
4016 S_procself_val(pTHX_ SV *sv, char *arg0)
4018 char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
4019 int len = readlink(PROCSELFEXE_PATH, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
4021 /* On Playstation2 Linux V1.0 (kernel 2.2.1) readlink(/proc/self/exe)
4022 includes a spurious NUL which will cause $^X to fail in system
4023 or backticks (this will prevent extensions from being built and
4024 many tests from working). readlink is not meant to add a NUL.
4025 Normal readlink works fine.
4027 if (len > 0 && buf[len-1] == '\0') {
4031 /* FreeBSD's implementation is acknowledged to be imperfect, sometimes
4032 returning the text "unknown" from the readlink rather than the path
4033 to the executable (or returning an error from the readlink). Any valid
4034 path has a '/' in it somewhere, so use that to validate the result.
4035 See http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=35703
4037 if (len > 0 && memchr(buf, '/', len)) {
4038 sv_setpvn(sv,buf,len);
4044 #endif /* HAS_PROCSELFEXE */
4047 S_init_postdump_symbols(pTHX_ register int argc, register char **argv, register char **env)
4053 PL_toptarget = NEWSV(0,0);
4054 sv_upgrade(PL_toptarget, SVt_PVFM);
4055 sv_setpvn(PL_toptarget, "", 0);
4056 PL_bodytarget = NEWSV(0,0);
4057 sv_upgrade(PL_bodytarget, SVt_PVFM);
4058 sv_setpvn(PL_bodytarget, "", 0);
4059 PL_formtarget = PL_bodytarget;
4063 init_argv_symbols(argc,argv);
4065 if ((tmpgv = gv_fetchpv("0",TRUE, SVt_PV))) {
4066 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
4067 /* $0 is not majick on a Mac */
4068 sv_setpv(GvSV(tmpgv),MacPerl_MPWFileName(PL_origfilename));
4070 sv_setpv(GvSV(tmpgv),PL_origfilename);
4071 magicname("0", "0", 1);
4074 if ((tmpgv = gv_fetchpv("\030",TRUE, SVt_PV))) {/* $^X */
4075 #ifdef HAS_PROCSELFEXE
4076 S_procself_val(aTHX_ GvSV(tmpgv), PL_origargv[0]);
4079 sv_setpv(GvSV(tmpgv), os2_execname(aTHX));
4081 sv_setpv(GvSV(tmpgv),PL_origargv[0]);
4085 if ((PL_envgv = gv_fetchpv("ENV",TRUE, SVt_PVHV))) {
4087 GvMULTI_on(PL_envgv);
4088 hv = GvHVn(PL_envgv);
4089 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_env);
4091 #ifdef USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY
4092 /* Note that if the supplied env parameter is actually a copy
4093 of the global environ then it may now point to free'd memory
4094 if the environment has been modified since. To avoid this
4095 problem we treat env==NULL as meaning 'use the default'
4100 # ifdef USE_ITHREADS
4101 && PL_curinterp == aTHX
4105 environ[0] = Nullch;
4108 for (; *env; env++) {
4109 if (!(s = strchr(*env,'=')))
4111 #if defined(MSDOS) && !defined(DJGPP)
4116 sv = newSVpv(s+1, 0);
4117 (void)hv_store(hv, *env, s - *env, sv, 0);
4121 #endif /* USE_ENVIRON_ARRAY */
4122 #endif /* !PERL_MICRO */
4125 if ((tmpgv = gv_fetchpv("$",TRUE, SVt_PV))) {
4126 SvREADONLY_off(GvSV(tmpgv));
4127 sv_setiv(GvSV(tmpgv), (IV)PerlProc_getpid());
4128 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(tmpgv));
4130 #ifdef THREADS_HAVE_PIDS
4131 PL_ppid = (IV)getppid();
4134 /* touch @F array to prevent spurious warnings 20020415 MJD */
4136 (void) get_av("main::F", TRUE | GV_ADDMULTI);
4138 /* touch @- and @+ arrays to prevent spurious warnings 20020415 MJD */
4139 (void) get_av("main::-", TRUE | GV_ADDMULTI);
4140 (void) get_av("main::+", TRUE | GV_ADDMULTI);
4144 S_init_perllib(pTHX)
4149 s = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL5LIB");
4151 incpush(s, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE);
4153 incpush(PerlEnv_getenv("PERLLIB"), FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
4155 /* Treat PERL5?LIB as a possible search list logical name -- the
4156 * "natural" VMS idiom for a Unix path string. We allow each
4157 * element to be a set of |-separated directories for compatibility.
4161 if (my_trnlnm("PERL5LIB",buf,0))
4162 do { incpush(buf,TRUE,TRUE,TRUE); } while (my_trnlnm("PERL5LIB",buf,++idx));
4164 while (my_trnlnm("PERLLIB",buf,idx++)) incpush(buf,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE);
4168 /* Use the ~-expanded versions of APPLLIB (undocumented),
4169 ARCHLIB PRIVLIB SITEARCH SITELIB VENDORARCH and VENDORLIB
4172 incpush(APPLLIB_EXP, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE);
4176 incpush(ARCHLIB_EXP, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
4178 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
4181 SV * privdir = NEWSV(55, 0);
4182 char * macperl = PerlEnv_getenv("MACPERL");
4187 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ privdir, "%slib:", macperl);
4188 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX(privdir), &tmpstatbuf) >= 0 && S_ISDIR(tmpstatbuf.st_mode))
4189 incpush(SvPVX(privdir), TRUE, FALSE, TRUE);
4190 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ privdir, "%ssite_perl:", macperl);
4191 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX(privdir), &tmpstatbuf) >= 0 && S_ISDIR(tmpstatbuf.st_mode))
4192 incpush(SvPVX(privdir), TRUE, FALSE, TRUE);
4194 SvREFCNT_dec(privdir);
4197 incpush(":", FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
4200 # define PRIVLIB_EXP "/usr/local/lib/perl5:/usr/local/lib/perl"
4203 incpush(PRIVLIB_EXP, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE);
4205 incpush(PRIVLIB_EXP, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
4209 /* sitearch is always relative to sitelib on Windows for
4210 * DLL-based path intuition to work correctly */
4211 # if !defined(WIN32)
4212 incpush(SITEARCH_EXP, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
4218 /* this picks up sitearch as well */
4219 incpush(SITELIB_EXP, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE);
4221 incpush(SITELIB_EXP, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
4225 #ifdef SITELIB_STEM /* Search for version-specific dirs below here */
4226 incpush(SITELIB_STEM, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE);
4229 #ifdef PERL_VENDORARCH_EXP
4230 /* vendorarch is always relative to vendorlib on Windows for
4231 * DLL-based path intuition to work correctly */
4232 # if !defined(WIN32)
4233 incpush(PERL_VENDORARCH_EXP, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
4237 #ifdef PERL_VENDORLIB_EXP
4239 incpush(PERL_VENDORLIB_EXP, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE); /* this picks up vendorarch as well */
4241 incpush(PERL_VENDORLIB_EXP, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
4245 #ifdef PERL_VENDORLIB_STEM /* Search for version-specific dirs below here */
4246 incpush(PERL_VENDORLIB_STEM, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE);
4249 #ifdef PERL_OTHERLIBDIRS
4250 incpush(PERL_OTHERLIBDIRS, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE);
4254 incpush(".", FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
4255 #endif /* MACOS_TRADITIONAL */
4258 #if defined(DOSISH) || defined(EPOC)
4259 # define PERLLIB_SEP ';'
4262 # define PERLLIB_SEP '|'
4264 # if defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL)
4265 # define PERLLIB_SEP ','
4267 # define PERLLIB_SEP ':'
4271 #ifndef PERLLIB_MANGLE
4272 # define PERLLIB_MANGLE(s,n) (s)
4276 S_incpush(pTHX_ char *p, int addsubdirs, int addoldvers, int usesep)
4278 SV *subdir = Nullsv;
4283 if (addsubdirs || addoldvers) {
4284 subdir = sv_newmortal();
4287 /* Break at all separators */
4289 SV *libdir = NEWSV(55,0);
4292 /* skip any consecutive separators */
4294 while ( *p == PERLLIB_SEP ) {
4295 /* Uncomment the next line for PATH semantics */
4296 /* av_push(GvAVn(PL_incgv), newSVpvn(".", 1)); */
4301 if ( usesep && (s = strchr(p, PERLLIB_SEP)) != Nullch ) {
4302 sv_setpvn(libdir, PERLLIB_MANGLE(p, (STRLEN)(s - p)),
4307 sv_setpv(libdir, PERLLIB_MANGLE(p, 0));
4308 p = Nullch; /* break out */
4310 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
4311 if (!strchr(SvPVX(libdir), ':')) {
4314 sv_setpv(libdir, MacPerl_CanonDir(SvPVX(libdir), buf, 0));
4316 if (SvPVX(libdir)[SvCUR(libdir)-1] != ':')
4317 sv_catpv(libdir, ":");
4321 * BEFORE pushing libdir onto @INC we may first push version- and
4322 * archname-specific sub-directories.
4324 if (addsubdirs || addoldvers) {
4325 #ifdef PERL_INC_VERSION_LIST
4326 /* Configure terminates PERL_INC_VERSION_LIST with a NULL */
4327 const char *incverlist[] = { PERL_INC_VERSION_LIST };
4328 const char **incver;
4335 if ((unix = tounixspec_ts(SvPV(libdir,len),Nullch)) != Nullch) {
4337 while (unix[len-1] == '/') len--; /* Cosmetic */
4338 sv_usepvn(libdir,unix,len);
4341 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
4342 "Failed to unixify @INC element \"%s\"\n",
4346 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
4347 #define PERL_AV_SUFFIX_FMT ""
4348 #define PERL_ARCH_FMT "%s:"
4349 #define PERL_ARCH_FMT_PATH PERL_FS_VER_FMT PERL_AV_SUFFIX_FMT
4351 #define PERL_AV_SUFFIX_FMT "/"
4352 #define PERL_ARCH_FMT "/%s"
4353 #define PERL_ARCH_FMT_PATH PERL_AV_SUFFIX_FMT PERL_FS_VER_FMT
4355 /* .../version/archname if -d .../version/archname */
4356 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ subdir, "%"SVf PERL_ARCH_FMT_PATH PERL_ARCH_FMT,
4358 (int)PERL_REVISION, (int)PERL_VERSION,
4359 (int)PERL_SUBVERSION, ARCHNAME);
4360 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX(subdir), &tmpstatbuf) >= 0 &&
4361 S_ISDIR(tmpstatbuf.st_mode))
4362 av_push(GvAVn(PL_incgv), newSVsv(subdir));
4364 /* .../version if -d .../version */
4365 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ subdir, "%"SVf PERL_ARCH_FMT_PATH, libdir,
4366 (int)PERL_REVISION, (int)PERL_VERSION,
4367 (int)PERL_SUBVERSION);
4368 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX(subdir), &tmpstatbuf) >= 0 &&
4369 S_ISDIR(tmpstatbuf.st_mode))
4370 av_push(GvAVn(PL_incgv), newSVsv(subdir));
4372 /* .../archname if -d .../archname */
4373 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ subdir, "%"SVf PERL_ARCH_FMT, libdir, ARCHNAME);
4374 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX(subdir), &tmpstatbuf) >= 0 &&
4375 S_ISDIR(tmpstatbuf.st_mode))
4376 av_push(GvAVn(PL_incgv), newSVsv(subdir));
4379 #ifdef PERL_INC_VERSION_LIST
4381 for (incver = incverlist; *incver; incver++) {
4382 /* .../xxx if -d .../xxx */
4383 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ subdir, "%"SVf PERL_ARCH_FMT, libdir, *incver);
4384 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX(subdir), &tmpstatbuf) >= 0 &&
4385 S_ISDIR(tmpstatbuf.st_mode))
4386 av_push(GvAVn(PL_incgv), newSVsv(subdir));
4392 /* finally push this lib directory on the end of @INC */
4393 av_push(GvAVn(PL_incgv), libdir);
4397 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
4398 STATIC struct perl_thread *
4399 S_init_main_thread(pTHX)
4401 #if !defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
4402 struct perl_thread *thr;
4406 Newz(53, thr, 1, struct perl_thread);
4407 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
4408 thr->interp = PERL_GET_INTERP;
4409 thr->cvcache = newHV();
4410 thr->threadsv = newAV();
4411 /* thr->threadsvp is set when find_threadsv is called */
4412 thr->specific = newAV();
4413 thr->flags = THRf_R_JOINABLE;
4414 MUTEX_INIT(&thr->mutex);
4415 /* Handcraft thrsv similarly to mess_sv */
4416 New(53, PL_thrsv, 1, SV);
4417 Newz(53, xpv, 1, XPV);
4418 SvFLAGS(PL_thrsv) = SVt_PV;
4419 SvANY(PL_thrsv) = (void*)xpv;
4420 SvREFCNT(PL_thrsv) = 1 << 30; /* practically infinite */
4421 SvPVX(PL_thrsv) = (char*)thr;
4422 SvCUR_set(PL_thrsv, sizeof(thr));
4423 SvLEN_set(PL_thrsv, sizeof(thr));
4424 *SvEND(PL_thrsv) = '\0'; /* in the trailing_nul field */
4425 thr->oursv = PL_thrsv;
4426 PL_chopset = " \n-";
4429 MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_threads_mutex);
4435 MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_threads_mutex);
4437 #ifdef HAVE_THREAD_INTERN
4438 Perl_init_thread_intern(thr);
4441 #ifdef SET_THREAD_SELF
4442 SET_THREAD_SELF(thr);
4444 thr->self = pthread_self();
4445 #endif /* SET_THREAD_SELF */
4449 * These must come after the thread self setting
4450 * because sv_setpvn does SvTAINT and the taint
4451 * fields thread selfness being set.
4453 PL_toptarget = NEWSV(0,0);
4454 sv_upgrade(PL_toptarget, SVt_PVFM);
4455 sv_setpvn(PL_toptarget, "", 0);
4456 PL_bodytarget = NEWSV(0,0);
4457 sv_upgrade(PL_bodytarget, SVt_PVFM);
4458 sv_setpvn(PL_bodytarget, "", 0);
4459 PL_formtarget = PL_bodytarget;
4460 thr->errsv = newSVpvn("", 0);
4461 (void) find_threadsv("@"); /* Ensure $@ is initialised early */
4464 PL_peepp = MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_peep);
4465 PL_regcompp = MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_pregcomp);
4466 PL_regexecp = MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_regexec_flags);
4467 PL_regint_start = MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_re_intuit_start);
4468 PL_regint_string = MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_re_intuit_string);
4469 PL_regfree = MEMBER_TO_FPTR(Perl_pregfree);
4471 PL_reginterp_cnt = 0;
4475 #endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
4478 Perl_call_list(pTHX_ I32 oldscope, AV *paramList)
4481 line_t oldline = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
4487 while (AvFILL(paramList) >= 0) {
4488 cv = (CV*)av_shift(paramList);
4490 if (paramList == PL_beginav) {
4491 /* save PL_beginav for compiler */
4492 if (! PL_beginav_save)
4493 PL_beginav_save = newAV();
4494 av_push(PL_beginav_save, (SV*)cv);
4496 else if (paramList == PL_checkav) {
4497 /* save PL_checkav for compiler */
4498 if (! PL_checkav_save)
4499 PL_checkav_save = newAV();
4500 av_push(PL_checkav_save, (SV*)cv);
4505 #ifdef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
4506 CALLPROTECT(aTHX_ pcur_env, &ret, MEMBER_TO_FPTR(S_vcall_list_body), cv);
4512 #ifndef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
4516 (void)SvPV(atsv, len);
4518 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
4519 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
4520 if (paramList == PL_beginav)
4521 sv_catpv(atsv, "BEGIN failed--compilation aborted");
4523 Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ atsv,
4524 "%s failed--call queue aborted",
4525 paramList == PL_checkav ? "CHECK"
4526 : paramList == PL_initav ? "INIT"
4528 while (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
4531 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf"", atsv);
4538 /* my_exit() was called */
4539 while (PL_scopestack_ix > oldscope)
4542 PL_curstash = PL_defstash;
4543 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
4544 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
4546 if (PL_statusvalue && !(PL_exit_flags & PERL_EXIT_EXPECTED)) {
4547 if (paramList == PL_beginav)
4548 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "BEGIN failed--compilation aborted");
4550 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s failed--call queue aborted",
4551 paramList == PL_checkav ? "CHECK"
4552 : paramList == PL_initav ? "INIT"
4559 PL_curcop = &PL_compiling;
4560 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, oldline);
4563 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "panic: restartop\n");
4571 #ifdef PERL_FLEXIBLE_EXCEPTIONS
4573 S_vcall_list_body(pTHX_ va_list args)
4575 CV *cv = va_arg(args, CV*);
4576 return call_list_body(cv);
4581 S_call_list_body(pTHX_ CV *cv)
4583 PUSHMARK(PL_stack_sp);
4584 call_sv((SV*)cv, G_EVAL|G_DISCARD);
4589 Perl_my_exit(pTHX_ U32 status)
4591 DEBUG_S(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "my_exit: thread %p, status %lu\n",
4592 thr, (unsigned long) status));
4601 STATUS_NATIVE_SET(status);
4608 Perl_my_failure_exit(pTHX)
4611 if (vaxc$errno & 1) {
4612 if (STATUS_NATIVE & 1) /* fortuitiously includes "-1" */
4613 STATUS_NATIVE_SET(44);
4616 if (!vaxc$errno) /* unlikely */
4617 STATUS_NATIVE_SET(44);
4619 STATUS_NATIVE_SET(vaxc$errno);
4624 STATUS_POSIX_SET(errno);
4626 exitstatus = STATUS_POSIX >> 8;
4627 if (exitstatus & 255)
4628 STATUS_POSIX_SET(exitstatus);
4630 STATUS_POSIX_SET(255);
4637 S_my_exit_jump(pTHX)
4639 register PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
4644 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_e_script);
4645 PL_e_script = Nullsv;
4648 POPSTACK_TO(PL_mainstack);
4649 if (cxstack_ix >= 0) {
4652 POPBLOCK(cx,PL_curpm);
4660 read_e_script(pTHX_ int idx, SV *buf_sv, int maxlen)
4663 p = SvPVX(PL_e_script);
4664 nl = strchr(p, '\n');
4665 nl = (nl) ? nl+1 : SvEND(PL_e_script);
4667 filter_del(read_e_script);
4670 sv_catpvn(buf_sv, p, nl-p);
4671 sv_chop(PL_e_script, nl);