3 * Copyright (C) 2002,2003 by Larry Wall and others
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
8 * "Anyway: there was this Mr Frodo left an orphan and stranded, as you
9 * might say, among those queer Bucklanders, being brought up anyhow in
10 * Brandy Hall. A regular warren, by all accounts. Old Master Gorbadoc
11 * never had fewer than a couple of hundred relations in the place. Mr
12 * Bilbo never did a kinder deed than when he brought the lad back to
13 * live among decent folk." --the Gaffer
17 * As of Sept 2002, this file is new and may be in a state of flux for
18 * a while. I've marked things I intent to come back and look at further
19 * with an 'XXX DAPM' comment.
23 =head1 Pad Data Structures
25 =for apidoc m|AV *|CvPADLIST|CV *cv
26 CV's can have CvPADLIST(cv) set to point to an AV.
28 For these purposes "forms" are a kind-of CV, eval""s are too (except they're
29 not callable at will and are always thrown away after the eval"" is done
30 executing). Require'd files are simply evals without any outer lexical
33 XSUBs don't have CvPADLIST set - dXSTARG fetches values from PL_curpad,
34 but that is really the callers pad (a slot of which is allocated by
37 The CvPADLIST AV has does not have AvREAL set, so REFCNT of component items
38 is managed "manual" (mostly in pad.c) rather than normal av.c rules.
39 The items in the AV are not SVs as for a normal AV, but other AVs:
41 0'th Entry of the CvPADLIST is an AV which represents the "names" or rather
42 the "static type information" for lexicals.
44 The CvDEPTH'th entry of CvPADLIST AV is an AV which is the stack frame at that
45 depth of recursion into the CV.
46 The 0'th slot of a frame AV is an AV which is @_.
47 other entries are storage for variables and op targets.
50 C<PL_comppad_name> is set to the names AV.
51 C<PL_comppad> is set to the frame AV for the frame CvDEPTH == 1.
52 C<PL_curpad> is set to the body of the frame AV (i.e. AvARRAY(PL_comppad)).
54 During execution, C<PL_comppad> and C<PL_curpad> refer to the live
55 frame of the currently executing sub.
57 Iterating over the names AV iterates over all possible pad
58 items. Pad slots that are SVs_PADTMP (targets/GVs/constants) end up having
59 &PL_sv_undef "names" (see pad_alloc()).
61 Only my/our variable (SVs_PADMY/SVs_PADOUR) slots get valid names.
62 The rest are op targets/GVs/constants which are statically allocated
63 or resolved at compile time. These don't have names by which they
64 can be looked up from Perl code at run time through eval"" like
65 my/our variables can be. Since they can't be looked up by "name"
66 but only by their index allocated at compile time (which is usually
67 in PL_op->op_targ), wasting a name SV for them doesn't make sense.
69 The SVs in the names AV have their PV being the name of the variable.
70 NV+1..IV inclusive is a range of cop_seq numbers for which the name is
71 valid. For typed lexicals name SV is SVt_PVMG and SvSTASH points at the
72 type. For C<our> lexicals, the type is SVt_PVGV, and GvSTASH points at the
73 stash of the associated global (so that duplicate C<our> delarations in the
74 same package can be detected). SvCUR is sometimes hijacked to
75 store the generation number during compilation.
77 If SvFAKE is set on the name SV, then that slot in the frame AV is
78 a REFCNT'ed reference to a lexical from "outside". In this case,
79 the name SV does not use NVX and IVX to store a cop_seq range, since it is
80 in scope throughout. Instead IVX stores some flags containing info about
81 the real lexical (is it declared in an anon, and is it capable of being
82 instantiated multiple times?), and for fake ANONs, NVX contains the index
83 within the parent's pad where the lexical's value is stored, to make
86 If the 'name' is '&' the corresponding entry in frame AV
87 is a CV representing a possible closure.
88 (SvFAKE and name of '&' is not a meaningful combination currently but could
89 become so if C<my sub foo {}> is implemented.)
91 Note that formats are treated as anon subs, and are cloned each time
92 write is called (if necessary).
103 #define PAD_MAX 999999999
110 Create a new compiling padlist, saving and updating the various global
111 vars at the same time as creating the pad itself. The following flags
112 can be OR'ed together:
114 padnew_CLONE this pad is for a cloned CV
115 padnew_SAVE save old globals
116 padnew_SAVESUB also save extra stuff for start of sub
122 Perl_pad_new(pTHX_ int flags)
124 AV *padlist, *padname, *pad, *a0;
126 ASSERT_CURPAD_LEGAL("pad_new");
128 /* XXX DAPM really need a new SAVEt_PAD which restores all or most
129 * vars (based on flags) rather than storing vals + addresses for
130 * each individually. Also see pad_block_start.
131 * XXX DAPM Try to see whether all these conditionals are required
134 /* save existing state, ... */
136 if (flags & padnew_SAVE) {
138 SAVESPTR(PL_comppad_name);
139 if (! (flags & padnew_CLONE)) {
141 SAVEI32(PL_comppad_name_fill);
142 SAVEI32(PL_min_intro_pending);
143 SAVEI32(PL_max_intro_pending);
144 SAVEI32(PL_cv_has_eval);
145 if (flags & padnew_SAVESUB) {
146 SAVEI32(PL_pad_reset_pending);
150 /* XXX DAPM interestingly, PL_comppad_name_floor never seems to be
151 * saved - check at some pt that this is okay */
153 /* ... create new pad ... */
159 if (flags & padnew_CLONE) {
160 /* XXX DAPM I dont know why cv_clone needs it
161 * doing differently yet - perhaps this separate branch can be
162 * dispensed with eventually ???
165 a0 = newAV(); /* will be @_ */
167 av_store(pad, 0, (SV*)a0);
168 AvFLAGS(a0) = AVf_REIFY;
171 av_store(pad, 0, Nullsv);
175 av_store(padlist, 0, (SV*)padname);
176 av_store(padlist, 1, (SV*)pad);
178 /* ... then update state variables */
180 PL_comppad_name = (AV*)(*av_fetch(padlist, 0, FALSE));
181 PL_comppad = (AV*)(*av_fetch(padlist, 1, FALSE));
182 PL_curpad = AvARRAY(PL_comppad);
184 if (! (flags & padnew_CLONE)) {
185 PL_comppad_name_fill = 0;
186 PL_min_intro_pending = 0;
191 DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
192 "Pad 0x%"UVxf"[0x%"UVxf"] new: compcv=0x%"UVxf
193 " name=0x%"UVxf" flags=0x%"UVxf"\n",
194 PTR2UV(PL_comppad), PTR2UV(PL_curpad), PTR2UV(PL_compcv),
195 PTR2UV(padname), (UV)flags
199 return (PADLIST*)padlist;
203 =for apidoc pad_undef
205 Free the padlist associated with a CV.
206 If parts of it happen to be current, we null the relevant
207 PL_*pad* global vars so that we don't have any dangling references left.
208 We also repoint the CvOUTSIDE of any about-to-be-orphaned
209 inner subs to the outer of this cv.
211 (This function should really be called pad_free, but the name was already
218 Perl_pad_undef(pTHX_ CV* cv)
221 PADLIST *padlist = CvPADLIST(cv);
225 if (!SvREFCNT(CvPADLIST(cv))) /* may be during global destruction */
228 DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
229 "Pad undef: cv=0x%"UVxf" padlist=0x%"UVxf"\n",
230 PTR2UV(cv), PTR2UV(padlist))
233 /* detach any '&' anon children in the pad; if afterwards they
234 * are still live, fix up their CvOUTSIDEs to point to our outside,
236 /* XXX DAPM for efficiency, we should only do this if we know we have
237 * children, or integrate this loop with general cleanup */
239 if (!PL_dirty) { /* don't bother during global destruction */
240 CV *outercv = CvOUTSIDE(cv);
241 U32 seq = CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(cv);
242 AV *comppad_name = (AV*)AvARRAY(padlist)[0];
243 SV **namepad = AvARRAY(comppad_name);
244 AV *comppad = (AV*)AvARRAY(padlist)[1];
245 SV **curpad = AvARRAY(comppad);
246 for (ix = AvFILLp(comppad_name); ix > 0; ix--) {
247 SV *namesv = namepad[ix];
248 if (namesv && namesv != &PL_sv_undef
249 && *SvPVX(namesv) == '&')
251 CV *innercv = (CV*)curpad[ix];
252 namepad[ix] = Nullsv;
253 SvREFCNT_dec(namesv);
255 SvREFCNT_dec(innercv);
256 if (SvREFCNT(innercv) /* in use, not just a prototype */
257 && CvOUTSIDE(innercv) == cv)
259 assert(CvWEAKOUTSIDE(innercv));
260 CvWEAKOUTSIDE_off(innercv);
261 CvOUTSIDE(innercv) = outercv;
262 CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(innercv) = seq;
263 SvREFCNT_inc(outercv);
269 ix = AvFILLp(padlist);
271 SV* sv = AvARRAY(padlist)[ix--];
274 if (sv == (SV*)PL_comppad_name)
275 PL_comppad_name = Nullav;
276 else if (sv == (SV*)PL_comppad) {
277 PL_comppad = Null(PAD*);
278 PL_curpad = Null(SV**);
282 SvREFCNT_dec((SV*)CvPADLIST(cv));
283 CvPADLIST(cv) = Null(PADLIST*);
290 =for apidoc pad_add_name
292 Create a new name and associated PADMY SV in the current pad; return the
294 If C<typestash> is valid, the name is for a typed lexical; set the
295 name's stash to that value.
296 If C<ourstash> is valid, it's an our lexical, set the name's
297 GvSTASH to that value
299 If fake, it means we're cloning an existing entry
305 Perl_pad_add_name(pTHX_ char *name, HV* typestash, HV* ourstash, bool fake)
307 PADOFFSET offset = pad_alloc(OP_PADSV, SVs_PADMY);
308 SV* namesv = NEWSV(1102, 0);
310 ASSERT_CURPAD_ACTIVE("pad_add_name");
313 sv_upgrade(namesv, ourstash ? SVt_PVGV : typestash ? SVt_PVMG : SVt_PVNV);
314 sv_setpv(namesv, name);
317 SvFLAGS(namesv) |= SVpad_TYPED;
318 SvSTASH(namesv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc((SV*) typestash);
321 SvFLAGS(namesv) |= SVpad_OUR;
322 GvSTASH(namesv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc((SV*) ourstash);
325 av_store(PL_comppad_name, offset, namesv);
328 DEBUG_Xv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
329 "Pad addname: %ld \"%s\" FAKE\n", (long)offset, name));
332 /* not yet introduced */
333 SvNVX(namesv) = (NV)PAD_MAX; /* min */
334 SvIVX(namesv) = 0; /* max */
336 if (!PL_min_intro_pending)
337 PL_min_intro_pending = offset;
338 PL_max_intro_pending = offset;
339 /* if it's not a simple scalar, replace with an AV or HV */
340 /* XXX DAPM since slot has been allocated, replace
341 * av_store with PL_curpad[offset] ? */
343 av_store(PL_comppad, offset, (SV*)newAV());
344 else if (*name == '%')
345 av_store(PL_comppad, offset, (SV*)newHV());
346 SvPADMY_on(PL_curpad[offset]);
347 DEBUG_Xv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
348 "Pad addname: %ld \"%s\" new lex=0x%"UVxf"\n",
349 (long)offset, name, PTR2UV(PL_curpad[offset])));
359 =for apidoc pad_alloc
361 Allocate a new my or tmp pad entry. For a my, simply push a null SV onto
362 the end of PL_comppad, but for a tmp, scan the pad from PL_padix upwards
363 for a slot which has no name and and no active value.
368 /* XXX DAPM integrate alloc(), add_name() and add_anon(),
369 * or at least rationalise ??? */
373 Perl_pad_alloc(pTHX_ I32 optype, U32 tmptype)
378 ASSERT_CURPAD_ACTIVE("pad_alloc");
380 if (AvARRAY(PL_comppad) != PL_curpad)
381 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: pad_alloc");
382 if (PL_pad_reset_pending)
384 if (tmptype & SVs_PADMY) {
385 sv = *av_fetch(PL_comppad, AvFILLp(PL_comppad) + 1, TRUE);
386 retval = AvFILLp(PL_comppad);
389 SV **names = AvARRAY(PL_comppad_name);
390 SSize_t names_fill = AvFILLp(PL_comppad_name);
393 * "foreach" index vars temporarily become aliases to non-"my"
394 * values. Thus we must skip, not just pad values that are
395 * marked as current pad values, but also those with names.
397 /* HVDS why copy to sv here? we don't seem to use it */
398 if (++PL_padix <= names_fill &&
399 (sv = names[PL_padix]) && sv != &PL_sv_undef)
401 sv = *av_fetch(PL_comppad, PL_padix, TRUE);
402 if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & (SVs_PADTMP | SVs_PADMY)) &&
403 !IS_PADGV(sv) && !IS_PADCONST(sv))
408 SvFLAGS(sv) |= tmptype;
409 PL_curpad = AvARRAY(PL_comppad);
411 DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
412 "Pad 0x%"UVxf"[0x%"UVxf"] alloc: %ld for %s\n",
413 PTR2UV(PL_comppad), PTR2UV(PL_curpad), (long) retval,
414 PL_op_name[optype]));
415 return (PADOFFSET)retval;
419 =for apidoc pad_add_anon
421 Add an anon code entry to the current compiling pad
427 Perl_pad_add_anon(pTHX_ SV* sv, OPCODE op_type)
432 name = NEWSV(1106, 0);
433 sv_upgrade(name, SVt_PVNV);
434 sv_setpvn(name, "&", 1);
437 ix = pad_alloc(op_type, SVs_PADMY);
438 av_store(PL_comppad_name, ix, name);
439 /* XXX DAPM use PL_curpad[] ? */
440 av_store(PL_comppad, ix, sv);
443 /* to avoid ref loops, we never have parent + child referencing each
444 * other simultaneously */
445 if (CvOUTSIDE((CV*)sv)) {
446 assert(!CvWEAKOUTSIDE((CV*)sv));
447 CvWEAKOUTSIDE_on((CV*)sv);
448 SvREFCNT_dec(CvOUTSIDE((CV*)sv));
456 =for apidoc pad_check_dup
458 Check for duplicate declarations: report any of:
459 * a my in the current scope with the same name;
460 * an our (anywhere in the pad) with the same name and the same stash
462 C<is_our> indicates that the name to check is an 'our' declaration
467 /* XXX DAPM integrate this into pad_add_name ??? */
470 Perl_pad_check_dup(pTHX_ char *name, bool is_our, HV *ourstash)
475 ASSERT_CURPAD_ACTIVE("pad_check_dup");
476 if (!ckWARN(WARN_MISC) || AvFILLp(PL_comppad_name) < 0)
477 return; /* nothing to check */
479 svp = AvARRAY(PL_comppad_name);
480 top = AvFILLp(PL_comppad_name);
481 /* check the current scope */
482 /* XXX DAPM - why the (I32) cast - shouldn't we ensure they're the same
484 for (off = top; (I32)off > PL_comppad_name_floor; off--) {
486 && sv != &PL_sv_undef
488 && (SvIVX(sv) == PAD_MAX || SvIVX(sv) == 0)
490 || ((SvFLAGS(sv) & SVpad_OUR) && GvSTASH(sv) == ourstash))
491 && strEQ(name, SvPVX(sv)))
493 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
494 "\"%s\" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s",
495 (is_our ? "our" : "my"),
497 (SvIVX(sv) == PAD_MAX ? "scope" : "statement"));
502 /* check the rest of the pad */
506 && sv != &PL_sv_undef
508 && (SvIVX(sv) == PAD_MAX || SvIVX(sv) == 0)
509 && ((SvFLAGS(sv) & SVpad_OUR) && GvSTASH(sv) == ourstash)
510 && strEQ(name, SvPVX(sv)))
512 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
513 "\"our\" variable %s redeclared", name);
514 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
515 "\t(Did you mean \"local\" instead of \"our\"?)\n");
518 } while ( off-- > 0 );
524 =for apidoc pad_findmy
526 Given a lexical name, try to find its offset, first in the current pad,
527 or failing that, in the pads of any lexically enclosing subs (including
528 the complications introduced by eval). If the name is found in an outer pad,
529 then a fake entry is added to the current pad.
530 Returns the offset in the current pad, or NOT_IN_PAD on failure.
536 Perl_pad_findmy(pTHX_ char *name)
544 offset = pad_findlex(name, PL_compcv, PL_cop_seqmax, 1,
545 Null(SV**), &out_sv, &out_flags);
546 if (offset != NOT_IN_PAD)
549 /* look for an our that's being introduced; this allows
550 * our $foo = 0 unless defined $foo;
551 * to not give a warning. (Yes, this is a hack) */
553 nameav = (AV*)AvARRAY(CvPADLIST(PL_compcv))[0];
554 name_svp = AvARRAY(nameav);
555 for (offset = AvFILLp(nameav); offset > 0; offset--) {
556 SV *namesv = name_svp[offset];
557 if (namesv && namesv != &PL_sv_undef
559 && (SvFLAGS(namesv) & SVpad_OUR)
560 && strEQ(SvPVX(namesv), name)
561 && (U32)I_32(SvNVX(namesv)) == PAD_MAX /* min */
570 =for apidoc pad_findlex
572 Find a named lexical anywhere in a chain of nested pads. Add fake entries
573 in the inner pads if it's found in an outer one.
575 Returns the offset in the bottom pad of the lex or the fake lex.
576 cv is the CV in which to start the search, and seq is the current cop_seq
577 to match against. If warn is true, print appropriate warnings. The out_*
578 vars return values, and so are pointers to where the returned values
579 should be stored. out_capture, if non-null, requests that the innermost
580 instance of the lexical is captured; out_name_sv is set to the innermost
581 matched namesv or fake namesv; out_flags returns the flags normally
582 associated with the IVX field of a fake namesv.
584 Note that pad_findlex() is recursive; it recurses up the chain of CVs,
585 then comes back down, adding fake entries as it goes. It has to be this way
586 because fake namesvs in anon protoypes have to store in NVX the index into
592 /* Flags set in the SvIVX field of FAKE namesvs */
594 #define PAD_FAKELEX_ANON 1 /* the lex is declared in an ANON, or ... */
595 #define PAD_FAKELEX_MULTI 2 /* the lex can be instantiated multiple times */
597 /* the CV has finished being compiled. This is not a sufficient test for
598 * all CVs (eg XSUBs), but suffices for the CVs found in a lexical chain */
599 #define CvCOMPILED(cv) CvROOT(cv)
601 /* the CV does late binding of its lexicals */
602 #define CvLATE(cv) (CvANON(cv) || SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVFM)
606 S_pad_findlex(pTHX_ char *name, CV* cv, U32 seq, int warn,
607 SV** out_capture, SV** out_name_sv, int *out_flags)
609 I32 offset, new_offset;
612 AV *padlist = CvPADLIST(cv);
616 DEBUG_Xv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
617 "Pad findlex cv=0x%"UVxf" searching \"%s\" seq=%d%s\n",
618 PTR2UV(cv), name, (int)seq, out_capture ? " capturing" : "" ));
620 /* first, search this pad */
622 if (padlist) { /* not an undef CV */
624 AV *nameav = (AV*)AvARRAY(padlist)[0];
625 SV **name_svp = AvARRAY(nameav);
627 for (offset = AvFILLp(nameav); offset > 0; offset--) {
628 SV *namesv = name_svp[offset];
629 if (namesv && namesv != &PL_sv_undef
630 && strEQ(SvPVX(namesv), name))
633 fake_offset = offset; /* in case we don't find a real one */
634 else if ( seq > (U32)I_32(SvNVX(namesv)) /* min */
635 && seq <= (U32)SvIVX(namesv)) /* max */
640 if (offset > 0 || fake_offset > 0 ) { /* a match! */
641 if (offset > 0) { /* not fake */
643 *out_name_sv = name_svp[offset]; /* return the namesv */
645 /* set PAD_FAKELEX_MULTI if this lex can have multiple
646 * instances. For now, we just test !CvUNIQUE(cv), but
647 * ideally, we should detect my's declared within loops
648 * etc - this would allow a wider range of 'not stayed
649 * shared' warnings. We also treated alreadly-compiled
650 * lexes as not multi as viewed from evals. */
652 *out_flags = CvANON(cv) ?
654 (!CvUNIQUE(cv) && ! CvCOMPILED(cv))
655 ? PAD_FAKELEX_MULTI : 0;
657 DEBUG_Xv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
658 "Pad findlex cv=0x%"UVxf" matched: offset=%ld (%ld,%ld)\n",
659 PTR2UV(cv), (long)offset, (long)I_32(SvNVX(*out_name_sv)),
660 (long)SvIVX(*out_name_sv)));
662 else { /* fake match */
663 offset = fake_offset;
664 *out_name_sv = name_svp[offset]; /* return the namesv */
665 *out_flags = SvIVX(*out_name_sv);
666 DEBUG_Xv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
667 "Pad findlex cv=0x%"UVxf" matched: offset=%ld flags=0x%lx index=%lu\n",
668 PTR2UV(cv), (long)offset, (unsigned long)*out_flags,
669 (unsigned long)SvNVX(*out_name_sv)
673 /* return the lex? */
678 if ((SvFLAGS(*out_name_sv) & SVpad_OUR)) {
679 *out_capture = Nullsv;
683 /* trying to capture from an anon prototype? */
685 ? CvANON(cv) && CvCLONE(cv) && !CvCLONED(cv)
686 : *out_flags & PAD_FAKELEX_ANON)
688 if (warn && ckWARN(WARN_CLOSURE))
689 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_CLOSURE),
690 "Variable \"%s\" is not available", name);
691 *out_capture = Nullsv;
697 if (!CvCOMPILED(cv) && (*out_flags & PAD_FAKELEX_MULTI)
698 && warn && ckWARN(WARN_CLOSURE)) {
700 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_CLOSURE),
701 "Variable \"%s\" will not stay shared", name);
704 if (fake_offset && CvANON(cv)
705 && CvCLONE(cv) &&!CvCLONED(cv))
708 /* not yet caught - look further up */
709 DEBUG_Xv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
710 "Pad findlex cv=0x%"UVxf" chasing lex in outer pad\n",
713 pad_findlex(name, CvOUTSIDE(cv), CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(cv),
714 newwarn, out_capture, out_name_sv, out_flags);
719 *out_capture = AvARRAY((AV*)AvARRAY(padlist)[
720 CvDEPTH(cv) ? CvDEPTH(cv) : 1])[offset];
721 DEBUG_Xv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
722 "Pad findlex cv=0x%"UVxf" found lex=0x%"UVxf"\n",
723 PTR2UV(cv), PTR2UV(*out_capture)));
725 if (SvPADSTALE(*out_capture)) {
726 if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSURE))
727 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_CLOSURE),
728 "Variable \"%s\" is not available", name);
729 *out_capture = Nullsv;
734 *out_capture = sv_2mortal((SV*)newAV());
735 else if (*name == '%')
736 *out_capture = sv_2mortal((SV*)newHV());
738 *out_capture = sv_newmortal();
746 /* it's not in this pad - try above */
751 /* out_capture non-null means caller wants us to capture lex; in
752 * addition we capture ourselves unless it's an ANON/format */
753 new_capturep = out_capture ? out_capture :
754 CvLATE(cv) ? Null(SV**) : &new_capture;
756 offset = pad_findlex(name, CvOUTSIDE(cv), CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(cv), 1,
757 new_capturep, out_name_sv, out_flags);
758 if (offset == NOT_IN_PAD)
761 /* found in an outer CV. Add appropriate fake entry to this pad */
763 /* don't add new fake entries (via eval) to CVs that we have already
764 * finished compiling, or to undef CVs */
765 if (CvCOMPILED(cv) || !padlist)
766 return 0; /* this dummy (and invalid) value isnt used by the caller */
770 AV *ocomppad_name = PL_comppad_name;
771 PAD *ocomppad = PL_comppad;
772 PL_comppad_name = (AV*)AvARRAY(padlist)[0];
773 PL_comppad = (AV*)AvARRAY(padlist)[1];
774 PL_curpad = AvARRAY(PL_comppad);
776 new_offset = pad_add_name(
778 (SvFLAGS(*out_name_sv) & SVpad_TYPED)
779 ? SvSTASH(*out_name_sv) : Nullhv,
780 (SvFLAGS(*out_name_sv) & SVpad_OUR)
781 ? GvSTASH(*out_name_sv) : Nullhv,
785 new_namesv = AvARRAY(PL_comppad_name)[new_offset];
786 SvIVX(new_namesv) = *out_flags;
788 SvNVX(new_namesv) = (NV)0;
789 if (SvFLAGS(new_namesv) & SVpad_OUR) {
792 else if (CvLATE(cv)) {
793 /* delayed creation - just note the offset within parent pad */
794 SvNVX(new_namesv) = (NV)offset;
798 /* immediate creation - capture outer value right now */
799 av_store(PL_comppad, new_offset, SvREFCNT_inc(*new_capturep));
800 DEBUG_Xv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
801 "Pad findlex cv=0x%"UVxf" saved captured sv 0x%"UVxf" at offset %ld\n",
802 PTR2UV(cv), PTR2UV(*new_capturep), (long)new_offset));
804 *out_name_sv = new_namesv;
805 *out_flags = SvIVX(new_namesv);
807 PL_comppad_name = ocomppad_name;
808 PL_comppad = ocomppad;
809 PL_curpad = ocomppad ? AvARRAY(ocomppad) : Null(SV **);
818 Get the value at offset po in the current pad.
819 Use macro PAD_SV instead of calling this function directly.
826 Perl_pad_sv(pTHX_ PADOFFSET po)
828 ASSERT_CURPAD_ACTIVE("pad_sv");
831 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: pad_sv po");
832 DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
833 "Pad 0x%"UVxf"[0x%"UVxf"] sv: %ld sv=0x%"UVxf"\n",
834 PTR2UV(PL_comppad), PTR2UV(PL_curpad), (long)po, PTR2UV(PL_curpad[po]))
836 return PL_curpad[po];
841 =for apidoc pad_setsv
843 Set the entry at offset po in the current pad to sv.
844 Use the macro PAD_SETSV() rather than calling this function directly.
851 Perl_pad_setsv(pTHX_ PADOFFSET po, SV* sv)
853 ASSERT_CURPAD_ACTIVE("pad_setsv");
855 DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
856 "Pad 0x%"UVxf"[0x%"UVxf"] setsv: %ld sv=0x%"UVxf"\n",
857 PTR2UV(PL_comppad), PTR2UV(PL_curpad), (long)po, PTR2UV(sv))
866 =for apidoc pad_block_start
868 Update the pad compilation state variables on entry to a new block
874 * - integrate this in general state-saving routine ???
875 * - combine with the state-saving going on in pad_new ???
876 * - introduce a new SAVE type that does all this in one go ?
880 Perl_pad_block_start(pTHX_ int full)
882 ASSERT_CURPAD_ACTIVE("pad_block_start");
883 SAVEI32(PL_comppad_name_floor);
884 PL_comppad_name_floor = AvFILLp(PL_comppad_name);
886 PL_comppad_name_fill = PL_comppad_name_floor;
887 if (PL_comppad_name_floor < 0)
888 PL_comppad_name_floor = 0;
889 SAVEI32(PL_min_intro_pending);
890 SAVEI32(PL_max_intro_pending);
891 PL_min_intro_pending = 0;
892 SAVEI32(PL_comppad_name_fill);
893 SAVEI32(PL_padix_floor);
894 PL_padix_floor = PL_padix;
895 PL_pad_reset_pending = FALSE;
902 "Introduce" my variables to visible status.
914 ASSERT_CURPAD_ACTIVE("intro_my");
915 if (! PL_min_intro_pending)
916 return PL_cop_seqmax;
918 svp = AvARRAY(PL_comppad_name);
919 for (i = PL_min_intro_pending; i <= PL_max_intro_pending; i++) {
920 if ((sv = svp[i]) && sv != &PL_sv_undef
921 && !SvFAKE(sv) && !SvIVX(sv))
923 SvIVX(sv) = PAD_MAX; /* Don't know scope end yet. */
924 SvNVX(sv) = (NV)PL_cop_seqmax;
925 DEBUG_Xv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
926 "Pad intromy: %ld \"%s\", (%ld,%ld)\n",
928 (long)I_32(SvNVX(sv)), (long)SvIVX(sv))
932 PL_min_intro_pending = 0;
933 PL_comppad_name_fill = PL_max_intro_pending; /* Needn't search higher */
934 DEBUG_Xv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
935 "Pad intromy: seq -> %ld\n", (long)(PL_cop_seqmax+1)));
937 return PL_cop_seqmax++;
941 =for apidoc pad_leavemy
943 Cleanup at end of scope during compilation: set the max seq number for
944 lexicals in this scope and warn of any lexicals that never got introduced.
950 Perl_pad_leavemy(pTHX)
953 SV **svp = AvARRAY(PL_comppad_name);
956 PL_pad_reset_pending = FALSE;
958 ASSERT_CURPAD_ACTIVE("pad_leavemy");
959 if (PL_min_intro_pending && PL_comppad_name_fill < PL_min_intro_pending) {
960 for (off = PL_max_intro_pending; off >= PL_min_intro_pending; off--) {
961 if ((sv = svp[off]) && sv != &PL_sv_undef
962 && !SvFAKE(sv) && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
963 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
964 "%"SVf" never introduced", sv);
967 /* "Deintroduce" my variables that are leaving with this scope. */
968 for (off = AvFILLp(PL_comppad_name); off > PL_comppad_name_fill; off--) {
969 if ((sv = svp[off]) && sv != &PL_sv_undef
970 && !SvFAKE(sv) && SvIVX(sv) == PAD_MAX)
972 SvIVX(sv) = PL_cop_seqmax;
973 DEBUG_Xv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
974 "Pad leavemy: %ld \"%s\", (%ld,%ld)\n",
975 (long)off, SvPVX(sv),
976 (long)I_32(SvNVX(sv)), (long)SvIVX(sv))
981 DEBUG_Xv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
982 "Pad leavemy: seq = %ld\n", (long)PL_cop_seqmax));
987 =for apidoc pad_swipe
989 Abandon the tmp in the current pad at offset po and replace with a
996 Perl_pad_swipe(pTHX_ PADOFFSET po, bool refadjust)
998 ASSERT_CURPAD_LEGAL("pad_swipe");
1001 if (AvARRAY(PL_comppad) != PL_curpad)
1002 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: pad_swipe curpad");
1004 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: pad_swipe po");
1006 DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1007 "Pad 0x%"UVxf"[0x%"UVxf"] swipe: %ld\n",
1008 PTR2UV(PL_comppad), PTR2UV(PL_curpad), (long)po));
1011 SvPADTMP_off(PL_curpad[po]);
1013 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_curpad[po]);
1015 PL_curpad[po] = NEWSV(1107,0);
1016 SvPADTMP_on(PL_curpad[po]);
1017 if ((I32)po < PL_padix)
1023 =for apidoc pad_reset
1025 Mark all the current temporaries for reuse
1030 /* XXX pad_reset() is currently disabled because it results in serious bugs.
1031 * It causes pad temp TARGs to be shared between OPs. Since TARGs are pushed
1032 * on the stack by OPs that use them, there are several ways to get an alias
1033 * to a shared TARG. Such an alias will change randomly and unpredictably.
1034 * We avoid doing this until we can think of a Better Way.
1037 Perl_pad_reset(pTHX)
1039 #ifdef USE_BROKEN_PAD_RESET
1042 if (AvARRAY(PL_comppad) != PL_curpad)
1043 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: pad_reset curpad");
1045 DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1046 "Pad 0x%"UVxf"[0x%"UVxf"] reset: padix %ld -> %ld",
1047 PTR2UV(PL_comppad), PTR2UV(PL_curpad),
1048 (long)PL_padix, (long)PL_padix_floor
1052 if (!PL_tainting) { /* Can't mix tainted and non-tainted temporaries. */
1053 for (po = AvMAX(PL_comppad); po > PL_padix_floor; po--) {
1054 if (PL_curpad[po] && !SvIMMORTAL(PL_curpad[po]))
1055 SvPADTMP_off(PL_curpad[po]);
1057 PL_padix = PL_padix_floor;
1060 PL_pad_reset_pending = FALSE;
1065 =for apidoc pad_tidy
1067 Tidy up a pad after we've finished compiling it:
1068 * remove most stuff from the pads of anonsub prototypes;
1070 * mark tmps as such.
1075 /* XXX DAPM surely most of this stuff should be done properly
1076 * at the right time beforehand, rather than going around afterwards
1077 * cleaning up our mistakes ???
1081 Perl_pad_tidy(pTHX_ padtidy_type type)
1086 ASSERT_CURPAD_ACTIVE("pad_tidy");
1088 /* If this CV has had any 'eval-capable' ops planted in it
1089 * (ie it contains eval '...', //ee, /$var/ or /(?{..})/), Then any
1090 * anon prototypes in the chain of CVs should be marked as cloneable,
1091 * so that for example the eval's CV in C<< sub { eval '$x' } >> gets
1092 * the right CvOUTSIDE.
1093 * If running with -d, *any* sub may potentially have an eval
1094 * excuted within it.
1097 if (PL_cv_has_eval || PL_perldb) {
1098 for (cv = PL_compcv ;cv; cv = CvOUTSIDE(cv)) {
1099 if (cv != PL_compcv && CvCOMPILED(cv))
1100 break; /* no need to mark already-compiled code */
1102 DEBUG_Xv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1103 "Pad clone on cv=0x%"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(cv)));
1109 /* extend curpad to match namepad */
1110 if (AvFILLp(PL_comppad_name) < AvFILLp(PL_comppad))
1111 av_store(PL_comppad_name, AvFILLp(PL_comppad), Nullsv);
1113 if (type == padtidy_SUBCLONE) {
1114 SV **namep = AvARRAY(PL_comppad_name);
1116 for (ix = AvFILLp(PL_comppad); ix > 0; ix--) {
1119 if (SvIMMORTAL(PL_curpad[ix]) || IS_PADGV(PL_curpad[ix]) || IS_PADCONST(PL_curpad[ix]))
1122 * The only things that a clonable function needs in its
1123 * pad are anonymous subs.
1124 * The rest are created anew during cloning.
1126 if (!((namesv = namep[ix]) != Nullsv &&
1127 namesv != &PL_sv_undef &&
1128 *SvPVX(namesv) == '&'))
1130 SvREFCNT_dec(PL_curpad[ix]);
1131 PL_curpad[ix] = Nullsv;
1135 else if (type == padtidy_SUB) {
1136 /* XXX DAPM this same bit of code keeps appearing !!! Rationalise? */
1137 AV *av = newAV(); /* Will be @_ */
1139 av_store(PL_comppad, 0, (SV*)av);
1140 AvFLAGS(av) = AVf_REIFY;
1143 /* XXX DAPM rationalise these two similar branches */
1145 if (type == padtidy_SUB) {
1146 for (ix = AvFILLp(PL_comppad); ix > 0; ix--) {
1147 if (SvIMMORTAL(PL_curpad[ix]) || IS_PADGV(PL_curpad[ix]) || IS_PADCONST(PL_curpad[ix]))
1149 if (!SvPADMY(PL_curpad[ix]))
1150 SvPADTMP_on(PL_curpad[ix]);
1153 else if (type == padtidy_FORMAT) {
1154 for (ix = AvFILLp(PL_comppad); ix > 0; ix--) {
1155 if (!SvPADMY(PL_curpad[ix]) && !SvIMMORTAL(PL_curpad[ix]))
1156 SvPADTMP_on(PL_curpad[ix]);
1159 PL_curpad = AvARRAY(PL_comppad);
1164 =for apidoc pad_free
1166 Free the SV at offet po in the current pad.
1171 /* XXX DAPM integrate with pad_swipe ???? */
1173 Perl_pad_free(pTHX_ PADOFFSET po)
1175 ASSERT_CURPAD_LEGAL("pad_free");
1178 if (AvARRAY(PL_comppad) != PL_curpad)
1179 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: pad_free curpad");
1181 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: pad_free po");
1183 DEBUG_X(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1184 "Pad 0x%"UVxf"[0x%"UVxf"] free: %ld\n",
1185 PTR2UV(PL_comppad), PTR2UV(PL_curpad), (long)po)
1188 if (PL_curpad[po] && PL_curpad[po] != &PL_sv_undef) {
1189 SvPADTMP_off(PL_curpad[po]);
1191 /* SV could be a shared hash key (eg bugid #19022) */
1193 #ifdef PERL_COPY_ON_WRITE
1194 !SvIsCOW(PL_curpad[po])
1196 !SvFAKE(PL_curpad[po])
1199 SvREADONLY_off(PL_curpad[po]); /* could be a freed constant */
1202 if ((I32)po < PL_padix)
1209 =for apidoc do_dump_pad
1211 Dump the contents of a padlist
1217 Perl_do_dump_pad(pTHX_ I32 level, PerlIO *file, PADLIST *padlist, int full)
1229 pad_name = (AV*)*av_fetch((AV*)padlist, 0, FALSE);
1230 pad = (AV*)*av_fetch((AV*)padlist, 1, FALSE);
1231 pname = AvARRAY(pad_name);
1232 ppad = AvARRAY(pad);
1233 Perl_dump_indent(aTHX_ level, file,
1234 "PADNAME = 0x%"UVxf"(0x%"UVxf") PAD = 0x%"UVxf"(0x%"UVxf")\n",
1235 PTR2UV(pad_name), PTR2UV(pname), PTR2UV(pad), PTR2UV(ppad)
1238 for (ix = 1; ix <= AvFILLp(pad_name); ix++) {
1240 if (namesv && namesv == &PL_sv_undef) {
1245 Perl_dump_indent(aTHX_ level+1, file,
1246 "%2d. 0x%"UVxf"<%lu> FAKE \"%s\" flags=0x%x index=%lu\n",
1249 (unsigned long) (ppad[ix] ? SvREFCNT(ppad[ix]) : 0),
1251 (unsigned long)SvIVX(namesv),
1252 (unsigned long)SvNVX(namesv)
1256 Perl_dump_indent(aTHX_ level+1, file,
1257 "%2d. 0x%"UVxf"<%lu> (%ld,%ld) \"%s\"\n",
1260 (unsigned long) (ppad[ix] ? SvREFCNT(ppad[ix]) : 0),
1261 (long)I_32(SvNVX(namesv)),
1262 (long)SvIVX(namesv),
1267 Perl_dump_indent(aTHX_ level+1, file,
1268 "%2d. 0x%"UVxf"<%lu>\n",
1271 (unsigned long) (ppad[ix] ? SvREFCNT(ppad[ix]) : 0)
1282 dump the contents of a CV
1289 S_cv_dump(pTHX_ CV *cv, char *title)
1291 CV *outside = CvOUTSIDE(cv);
1292 AV* padlist = CvPADLIST(cv);
1294 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1295 " %s: CV=0x%"UVxf" (%s), OUTSIDE=0x%"UVxf" (%s)\n",
1298 (CvANON(cv) ? "ANON"
1299 : (SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVFM) ? "FORMAT"
1300 : (cv == PL_main_cv) ? "MAIN"
1301 : CvUNIQUE(cv) ? "UNIQUE"
1302 : CvGV(cv) ? GvNAME(CvGV(cv)) : "UNDEFINED"),
1305 : CvANON(outside) ? "ANON"
1306 : (outside == PL_main_cv) ? "MAIN"
1307 : CvUNIQUE(outside) ? "UNIQUE"
1308 : CvGV(outside) ? GvNAME(CvGV(outside)) : "UNDEFINED"));
1310 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1311 " PADLIST = 0x%"UVxf"\n", PTR2UV(padlist));
1312 do_dump_pad(1, Perl_debug_log, padlist, 1);
1314 #endif /* DEBUGGING */
1321 =for apidoc cv_clone
1323 Clone a CV: make a new CV which points to the same code etc, but which
1324 has a newly-created pad built by copying the prototype pad and capturing
1331 Perl_cv_clone(pTHX_ CV *proto)
1334 AV* protopadlist = CvPADLIST(proto);
1335 AV* protopad_name = (AV*)*av_fetch(protopadlist, 0, FALSE);
1336 AV* protopad = (AV*)*av_fetch(protopadlist, 1, FALSE);
1337 SV** pname = AvARRAY(protopad_name);
1338 SV** ppad = AvARRAY(protopad);
1339 I32 fname = AvFILLp(protopad_name);
1340 I32 fpad = AvFILLp(protopad);
1347 assert(!CvUNIQUE(proto));
1349 /* Since cloneable anon subs can be nested, CvOUTSIDE may point
1350 * to a prototype; we instead want the cloned parent who called us.
1351 * Note that in general for formats, CvOUTSIDE != find_runcv */
1353 outside = CvOUTSIDE(proto);
1354 if (outside && CvCLONE(outside) && ! CvCLONED(outside))
1355 outside = find_runcv(NULL);
1356 depth = CvDEPTH(outside);
1357 assert(depth || SvTYPE(proto) == SVt_PVFM);
1360 assert(CvPADLIST(outside));
1363 SAVESPTR(PL_compcv);
1365 cv = PL_compcv = (CV*)NEWSV(1104, 0);
1366 sv_upgrade((SV *)cv, SvTYPE(proto));
1367 CvFLAGS(cv) = CvFLAGS(proto) & ~(CVf_CLONE|CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE);
1371 CvFILE(cv) = CvXSUB(proto) ? CvFILE(proto)
1372 : savepv(CvFILE(proto));
1374 CvFILE(cv) = CvFILE(proto);
1376 CvGV(cv) = CvGV(proto);
1377 CvSTASH(cv) = CvSTASH(proto);
1378 CvROOT(cv) = OpREFCNT_inc(CvROOT(proto));
1379 CvSTART(cv) = CvSTART(proto);
1380 CvOUTSIDE(cv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(outside);
1381 CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(cv) = CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(proto);
1384 sv_setpvn((SV*)cv, SvPVX(proto), SvCUR(proto));
1386 CvPADLIST(cv) = comppadlist = pad_new(padnew_CLONE|padnew_SAVE);
1388 av_fill(PL_comppad, fpad);
1389 for (ix = fname; ix >= 0; ix--)
1390 av_store(PL_comppad_name, ix, SvREFCNT_inc(pname[ix]));
1392 PL_curpad = AvARRAY(PL_comppad);
1394 outpad = AvARRAY(AvARRAY(CvPADLIST(outside))[depth]);
1396 for (ix = fpad; ix > 0; ix--) {
1397 SV* namesv = (ix <= fname) ? pname[ix] : Nullsv;
1399 if (namesv && namesv != &PL_sv_undef) { /* lexical */
1400 if (SvFAKE(namesv)) { /* lexical from outside? */
1401 sv = outpad[(I32)SvNVX(namesv)];
1403 /* formats may have an inactive parent */
1404 if (SvTYPE(proto) == SVt_PVFM && SvPADSTALE(sv)) {
1405 if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSURE))
1406 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_CLOSURE),
1407 "Variable \"%s\" is not available", SvPVX(namesv));
1411 assert(!SvPADSTALE(sv));
1412 sv = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
1416 char *name = SvPVX(namesv);
1418 sv = SvREFCNT_inc(ppad[ix]);
1419 else if (*name == '@')
1421 else if (*name == '%')
1428 else if (IS_PADGV(ppad[ix]) || IS_PADCONST(ppad[ix])) {
1429 sv = SvREFCNT_inc(ppad[ix]);
1439 PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\nPad CV clone\n");
1440 cv_dump(outside, "Outside");
1441 cv_dump(proto, "Proto");
1448 /* Constant sub () { $x } closing over $x - see lib/constant.pm:
1449 * The prototype was marked as a candiate for const-ization,
1450 * so try to grab the current const value, and if successful,
1451 * turn into a const sub:
1453 SV* const_sv = op_const_sv(CvSTART(cv), cv);
1456 cv = newCONSTSUB(CvSTASH(proto), 0, const_sv);
1468 =for apidoc pad_fixup_inner_anons
1470 For any anon CVs in the pad, change CvOUTSIDE of that CV from
1471 old_cv to new_cv if necessary. Needed when a newly-compiled CV has to be
1472 moved to a pre-existing CV struct.
1478 Perl_pad_fixup_inner_anons(pTHX_ PADLIST *padlist, CV *old_cv, CV *new_cv)
1481 AV *comppad_name = (AV*)AvARRAY(padlist)[0];
1482 AV *comppad = (AV*)AvARRAY(padlist)[1];
1483 SV **namepad = AvARRAY(comppad_name);
1484 SV **curpad = AvARRAY(comppad);
1485 for (ix = AvFILLp(comppad_name); ix > 0; ix--) {
1486 SV *namesv = namepad[ix];
1487 if (namesv && namesv != &PL_sv_undef
1488 && *SvPVX(namesv) == '&')
1490 CV *innercv = (CV*)curpad[ix];
1491 assert(CvWEAKOUTSIDE(innercv));
1492 assert(CvOUTSIDE(innercv) == old_cv);
1493 CvOUTSIDE(innercv) = new_cv;
1500 =for apidoc pad_push
1502 Push a new pad frame onto the padlist, unless there's already a pad at
1503 this depth, in which case don't bother creating a new one.
1504 If has_args is true, give the new pad an @_ in slot zero.
1510 Perl_pad_push(pTHX_ PADLIST *padlist, int depth, int has_args)
1512 if (depth <= AvFILLp(padlist))
1516 SV** svp = AvARRAY(padlist);
1517 AV *newpad = newAV();
1518 SV **oldpad = AvARRAY(svp[depth-1]);
1519 I32 ix = AvFILLp((AV*)svp[1]);
1520 I32 names_fill = AvFILLp((AV*)svp[0]);
1521 SV** names = AvARRAY(svp[0]);
1523 for ( ;ix > 0; ix--) {
1524 if (names_fill >= ix && names[ix] != &PL_sv_undef) {
1525 char *name = SvPVX(names[ix]);
1526 if ((SvFLAGS(names[ix]) & SVf_FAKE) || *name == '&') {
1527 /* outer lexical or anon code */
1528 av_store(newpad, ix, SvREFCNT_inc(oldpad[ix]));
1530 else { /* our own lexical */
1532 av_store(newpad, ix, sv = (SV*)newAV());
1533 else if (*name == '%')
1534 av_store(newpad, ix, sv = (SV*)newHV());
1536 av_store(newpad, ix, sv = NEWSV(0, 0));
1540 else if (IS_PADGV(oldpad[ix]) || IS_PADCONST(oldpad[ix])) {
1541 av_store(newpad, ix, sv = SvREFCNT_inc(oldpad[ix]));
1544 /* save temporaries on recursion? */
1545 av_store(newpad, ix, sv = NEWSV(0, 0));
1552 av_store(newpad, 0, (SV*)av);
1553 AvFLAGS(av) = AVf_REIFY;
1555 av_store(padlist, depth, (SV*)newpad);
1556 AvFILLp(padlist) = depth;