6 * "'The Chamber of Records,' said Gimli. 'I guess that is where we now stand.'"
9 /* This file contains Perl's own implementation of the malloc library.
10 * It is used if Configure decides that, on your platform, Perl's
11 * version is better than the OS's, or if you give Configure the
12 * -Dusemymalloc command-line option.
16 Here are some notes on configuring Perl's malloc. (For non-perl
19 There are two macros which serve as bulk disablers of advanced
20 features of this malloc: NO_FANCY_MALLOC, PLAIN_MALLOC (undef by
21 default). Look in the list of default values below to understand
22 their exact effect. Defining NO_FANCY_MALLOC returns malloc.c to the
23 state of the malloc in Perl 5.004. Additionally defining PLAIN_MALLOC
24 returns it to the state as of Perl 5.000.
26 Note that some of the settings below may be ignored in the code based
27 on values of other macros. The PERL_CORE symbol is only defined when
28 perl itself is being compiled (so malloc can make some assumptions
29 about perl's facilities being available to it).
31 Each config option has a short description, followed by its name,
32 default value, and a comment about the default (if applicable). Some
33 options take a precise value, while the others are just boolean.
34 The boolean ones are listed first.
36 # Read configuration settings from malloc_cfg.h
37 HAVE_MALLOC_CFG_H undef
39 # Enable code for an emergency memory pool in $^M. See perlvar.pod
40 # for a description of $^M.
41 PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK (!PLAIN_MALLOC && (PERL_CORE || !NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG))
43 # Enable code for printing memory statistics.
44 DEBUGGING_MSTATS (!PLAIN_MALLOC && PERL_CORE)
46 # Move allocation info for small buckets into separate areas.
47 # Memory optimization (especially for small allocations, of the
48 # less than 64 bytes). Since perl usually makes a large number
49 # of small allocations, this is usually a win.
50 PACK_MALLOC (!PLAIN_MALLOC && !RCHECK)
52 # Add one page to big powers of two when calculating bucket size.
53 # This is targeted at big allocations, as are common in image
55 TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE !PLAIN_MALLOC
57 # Use intermediate bucket sizes between powers-of-two. This is
58 # generally a memory optimization, and a (small) speed pessimization.
59 BUCKETS_ROOT2 !NO_FANCY_MALLOC
61 # Do not check small deallocations for bad free(). Memory
62 # and speed optimization, error reporting pessimization.
63 IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE (!NO_FANCY_MALLOC && !RCHECK)
65 # Use table lookup to decide in which bucket a given allocation will go.
66 SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE !NO_FANCY_MALLOC
68 # Use a perl-defined sbrk() instead of the (presumably broken or
69 # missing) system-supplied sbrk().
72 # Use system malloc() (or calloc() etc.) to emulate sbrk(). Normally
73 # only used with broken sbrk()s.
74 PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC undef
76 # Which allocator to use if PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC
77 SYSTEM_ALLOC(a) malloc(a)
79 # Minimal alignment (in bytes, should be a power of 2) of SYSTEM_ALLOC
80 SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT MEM_ALIGNBYTES
82 # Disable memory overwrite checking with DEBUGGING. Memory and speed
83 # optimization, error reporting pessimization.
86 # Enable memory overwrite checking with DEBUGGING. Memory and speed
87 # pessimization, error reporting optimization
88 RCHECK (DEBUGGING && !NO_RCHECK)
90 # Do not overwrite uninit areas with DEBUGGING. Speed
91 # optimization, error reporting pessimization
94 # Overwrite uninit areas with DEBUGGING. Speed
95 # pessimization, error reporting optimization
96 MALLOC_FILL (DEBUGGING && !NO_RCHECK && !NO_MFILL)
98 # Do not check overwritten uninit areas with DEBUGGING. Speed
99 # optimization, error reporting pessimization
102 # Check overwritten uninit areas with DEBUGGING. Speed
103 # pessimization, error reporting optimization
104 MALLOC_FILL_CHECK (DEBUGGING && !NO_RCHECK && !NO_FILL_CHECK)
106 # Failed allocations bigger than this size croak (if
107 # PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK is enabled) without touching $^M. See
108 # perlvar.pod for a description of $^M.
109 BIG_SIZE (1<<16) # 64K
111 # Starting from this power of two, add an extra page to the
112 # size of the bucket. This enables optimized allocations of sizes
113 # close to powers of 2. Note that the value is indexed at 0.
114 FIRST_BIG_POW2 15 # 32K, 16K is used too often
116 # Estimate of minimal memory footprint. malloc uses this value to
117 # request the most reasonable largest blocks of memory from the system.
120 # Round up sbrk()s to multiples of this.
123 # Round up sbrk()s to multiples of this percent of footprint.
126 # Round up sbrk()s to multiples of this multiple of 1/1000 of footprint.
127 MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 (10 * MIN_SBRK_FRAC)
129 # Add this much memory to big powers of two to get the bucket size.
132 # This many sbrk() discontinuities should be tolerated even
133 # from the start without deciding that sbrk() is usually
135 SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES 3
137 # This many continuous sbrk()s compensate for one discontinuous one.
138 SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE 50
140 # Some configurations may ask for 12-byte-or-so allocations which
141 # require 8-byte alignment (?!). In such situation one needs to
142 # define this to disable 12-byte bucket (will increase memory footprint)
143 STRICT_ALIGNMENT undef
145 # Do not allow configuration of runtime options at runtime
146 NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG undef
148 # Do not allow configuration of runtime options via $ENV{PERL_MALLOC_OPT}
149 NO_PERL_MALLOC_ENV undef
151 [The variable consists of ;-separated parts of the form CODE=VALUE
152 with 1-character codes F, M, f, A, P, G, d, a, c for runtime
153 configuration of FIRST_SBRK, MIN_SBRK, MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000,
154 SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES, SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE, sbrk_goodness,
155 filldead, fillalive, fillcheck. The last 3 are for DEBUGGING
156 build, and allow switching the tests for free()ed memory read,
157 uninit memory reads, and free()ed memory write.]
159 This implementation assumes that calling PerlIO_printf() does not
160 result in any memory allocation calls (used during a panic).
165 If used outside of Perl environment, it may be useful to redefine
166 the following macros (listed below with defaults):
168 # Type of address returned by allocation functions
171 # Type of size argument for allocation functions
172 MEM_SIZE unsigned long
177 # Maximal value in LONG
180 # Unsigned integer type big enough to keep a pointer
183 # Signed integer of the same sizeof() as UV
186 # Type of pointer with 1-byte granularity
189 # Type returned by free()
192 # Conversion of pointer to integer
193 PTR2UV(ptr) ((UV)(ptr))
195 # Conversion of integer to pointer
196 INT2PTR(type, i) ((type)(i))
198 # printf()-%-Conversion of UV to pointer
201 # printf()-%-Conversion of UV to hex pointer
207 # Very fatal condition reporting function (cannot call any )
208 fatalcroak(arg) write(2,arg,strlen(arg)) + exit(2)
210 # Fatal error reporting function
211 croak(format, arg) warn(idem) + exit(1)
213 # Fatal error reporting function
214 croak2(format, arg1, arg2) warn2(idem) + exit(1)
216 # Error reporting function
217 warn(format, arg) fprintf(stderr, idem)
219 # Error reporting function
220 warn2(format, arg1, arg2) fprintf(stderr, idem)
222 # Locking/unlocking for MT operation
223 MALLOC_LOCK MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex)
224 MALLOC_UNLOCK MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex)
226 # Locking/unlocking mutex for MT operation
231 #ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_CFG_H
232 # include "malloc_cfg.h"
235 #ifndef NO_FANCY_MALLOC
236 # ifndef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
237 # define SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
239 # ifndef BUCKETS_ROOT2
240 # define BUCKETS_ROOT2
242 # ifndef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
243 # define IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
247 #ifndef PLAIN_MALLOC /* Bulk enable features */
251 # ifndef TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
252 # define TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
254 # if (defined(PERL_CORE) || !defined(NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG)) && !defined(PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK)
255 # define PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK
257 # if defined(PERL_CORE) && !defined(DEBUGGING_MSTATS)
258 # define DEBUGGING_MSTATS
262 #define MIN_BUC_POW2 (sizeof(void*) > 4 ? 3 : 2) /* Allow for 4-byte arena. */
263 #define MIN_BUCKET (MIN_BUC_POW2 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
265 #if !(defined(I286) || defined(atarist) || defined(__MINT__))
266 /* take 2k unless the block is bigger than that */
267 # define LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA 11
269 /* take 16k unless the block is bigger than that
270 (80286s like large segments!), probably good on the atari too */
271 # define LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA 14
274 #if defined(DEBUGGING) && !defined(NO_RCHECK)
277 #if defined(DEBUGGING) && !defined(NO_RCHECK) && !defined(NO_MFILL) && !defined(MALLOC_FILL)
280 #if defined(DEBUGGING) && !defined(NO_RCHECK) && !defined(NO_FILL_CHECK) && !defined(MALLOC_FILL_CHECK)
281 # define MALLOC_FILL_CHECK
283 #if defined(RCHECK) && defined(IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE)
284 # undef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
287 * malloc.c (Caltech) 2/21/82
288 * Chris Kingsley, kingsley@cit-20.
290 * This is a very fast storage allocator. It allocates blocks of a small
291 * number of different sizes, and keeps free lists of each size. Blocks that
292 * don't exactly fit are passed up to the next larger size. In this
293 * implementation, the available sizes are 2^n-4 (or 2^n-12) bytes long.
294 * If PACK_MALLOC is defined, small blocks are 2^n bytes long.
295 * This is designed for use in a program that uses vast quantities of memory,
296 * but bombs when it runs out.
298 * Modifications Copyright Ilya Zakharevich 1996-99.
300 * Still very quick, but much more thrifty. (Std config is 10% slower
301 * than it was, and takes 67% of old heap size for typical usage.)
303 * Allocations of small blocks are now table-driven to many different
304 * buckets. Sizes of really big buckets are increased to accomodata
305 * common size=power-of-2 blocks. Running-out-of-memory is made into
306 * an exception. Deeply configurable and thread-safe.
312 # define PERL_IN_MALLOC_C
314 # if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
315 # define croak Perl_croak_nocontext
316 # define croak2 Perl_croak_nocontext
317 # define warn Perl_warn_nocontext
318 # define warn2 Perl_warn_nocontext
320 # define croak2 croak
323 # if defined(USE_5005THREADS) || defined(USE_ITHREADS)
324 # define PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE PL_thr_key
326 # define PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE 1
330 # include "../EXTERN.h"
331 # include "../perl.h"
341 # define Malloc_t void *
347 # define MEM_SIZE unsigned long
350 # define LONG_MAX 0x7FFFFFFF
353 # define UV unsigned long
359 # define caddr_t char *
364 # define Copy(s,d,n,t) (void)memcpy((char*)(d),(char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t))
365 # define CopyD(s,d,n,t) memcpy((char*)(d),(char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t))
366 # define PerlEnv_getenv getenv
367 # define PerlIO_printf fprintf
368 # define PerlIO_stderr() stderr
369 # define PerlIO_puts(f,s) fputs(s,f)
371 # define INT2PTR(t,i) ((t)(i))
374 # define PTR2UV(p) ((UV)(p))
382 # ifndef MEM_ALIGNBYTES
383 # define MEM_ALIGNBYTES 4
386 # ifndef croak /* make depend */
387 # define croak(mess, arg) (warn((mess), (arg)), exit(1))
389 # ifndef croak2 /* make depend */
390 # define croak2(mess, arg1, arg2) (warn2((mess), (arg1), (arg2)), exit(1))
393 # define warn(mess, arg) fprintf(stderr, (mess), (arg))
396 # define warn2(mess, arg1, arg2) fprintf(stderr, (mess), (arg1), (arg2))
408 # ifdef HASATTRIBUTE_UNUSED
409 # define dTHX extern int Perl___notused PERL_UNUSED_DECL
411 # define dTHX extern int Perl___notused
413 # define WITH_THX(s) s
415 # ifndef PERL_GET_INTERP
416 # define PERL_GET_INTERP PL_curinterp
418 # define PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE 1
420 # define Perl_malloc malloc
423 # define Perl_mfree free
425 # ifndef Perl_realloc
426 # define Perl_realloc realloc
429 # define Perl_calloc calloc
432 # define Perl_strdup strdup
434 #endif /* defined PERL_CORE */
437 # define MUTEX_LOCK(l)
441 # define MUTEX_UNLOCK(l)
445 # define MALLOC_LOCK MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex)
448 #ifndef MALLOC_UNLOCK
449 # define MALLOC_UNLOCK MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex)
452 # ifndef fatalcroak /* make depend */
453 # define fatalcroak(mess) (write(2, (mess), strlen(mess)), exit(2))
458 # define DEBUG_m(a) \
460 if (PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE && PERL_GET_THX) { \
462 if (DEBUG_m_TEST) { \
463 PL_debug &= ~DEBUG_m_FLAG; \
465 PL_debug |= DEBUG_m_FLAG; \
471 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
472 # define PERL_IS_ALIVE aTHX
474 # define PERL_IS_ALIVE TRUE
481 * The memory is broken into "blocks" which occupy multiples of 2K (and
482 * generally speaking, have size "close" to a power of 2). The addresses
483 * of such *unused* blocks are kept in nextf[i] with big enough i. (nextf
484 * is an array of linked lists.) (Addresses of used blocks are not known.)
486 * Moreover, since the algorithm may try to "bite" smaller blocks out
487 * of unused bigger ones, there are also regions of "irregular" size,
488 * managed separately, by a linked list chunk_chain.
490 * The third type of storage is the sbrk()ed-but-not-yet-used space, its
491 * end and size are kept in last_sbrk_top and sbrked_remains.
493 * Growing blocks "in place":
494 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
495 * The address of the block with the greatest address is kept in last_op
496 * (if not known, last_op is 0). If it is known that the memory above
497 * last_op is not continuous, or contains a chunk from chunk_chain,
498 * last_op is set to 0.
500 * The chunk with address last_op may be grown by expanding into
501 * sbrk()ed-but-not-yet-used space, or trying to sbrk() more continuous
504 * Management of last_op:
505 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
507 * free() never changes the boundaries of blocks, so is not relevant.
509 * The only way realloc() may change the boundaries of blocks is if it
510 * grows a block "in place". However, in the case of success such a
511 * chunk is automatically last_op, and it remains last_op. In the case
512 * of failure getpages_adjacent() clears last_op.
514 * malloc() may change blocks by calling morecore() only.
516 * morecore() may create new blocks by:
517 * a) biting pieces from chunk_chain (cannot create one above last_op);
518 * b) biting a piece from an unused block (if block was last_op, this
519 * may create a chunk from chain above last_op, thus last_op is
520 * invalidated in such a case).
521 * c) biting of sbrk()ed-but-not-yet-used space. This creates
522 * a block which is last_op.
523 * d) Allocating new pages by calling getpages();
525 * getpages() creates a new block. It marks last_op at the bottom of
526 * the chunk of memory it returns.
528 * Active pages footprint:
529 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
530 * Note that we do not need to traverse the lists in nextf[i], just take
531 * the first element of this list. However, we *need* to traverse the
532 * list in chunk_chain, but most the time it should be a very short one,
533 * so we do not step on a lot of pages we are not going to use.
537 * get_from_bigger_buckets(): forget to increment price => Quite
541 /* I don't much care whether these are defined in sys/types.h--LAW */
543 #define u_char unsigned char
544 #define u_int unsigned int
546 * I removed the definition of u_bigint which appeared to be u_bigint = UV
547 * u_bigint was only used in TWOK_MASKED and TWOK_SHIFT
548 * where I have used PTR2UV. RMB
550 #define u_short unsigned short
552 /* 286 and atarist like big chunks, which gives too much overhead. */
553 #if (defined(RCHECK) || defined(I286) || defined(atarist) || defined(__MINT__)) && defined(PACK_MALLOC)
558 * The description below is applicable if PACK_MALLOC is not defined.
560 * The overhead on a block is at least 4 bytes. When free, this space
561 * contains a pointer to the next free block, and the bottom two bits must
562 * be zero. When in use, the first byte is set to MAGIC, and the second
563 * byte is the size index. The remaining bytes are for alignment.
564 * If range checking is enabled and the size of the block fits
565 * in two bytes, then the top two bytes hold the size of the requested block
566 * plus the range checking words, and the header word MINUS ONE.
569 union overhead *ov_next; /* when free */
570 #if MEM_ALIGNBYTES > 4
571 double strut; /* alignment problems */
572 # if MEM_ALIGNBYTES > 8
573 char sstrut[MEM_ALIGNBYTES]; /* for the sizing */
578 * Keep the ovu_index and ovu_magic in this order, having a char
579 * field first gives alignment indigestion in some systems, such as
582 u_char ovu_index; /* bucket # */
583 u_char ovu_magic; /* magic number */
585 /* Subtract one to fit into u_short for an extra bucket */
586 u_short ovu_size; /* block size (requested + overhead - 1) */
587 u_int ovu_rmagic; /* range magic number */
590 #define ov_magic ovu.ovu_magic
591 #define ov_index ovu.ovu_index
592 #define ov_size ovu.ovu_size
593 #define ov_rmagic ovu.ovu_rmagic
596 #define MAGIC 0xff /* magic # on accounting info */
597 #define RMAGIC 0x55555555 /* magic # on range info */
598 #define RMAGIC_C 0x55 /* magic # on range info */
601 # define RMAGIC_SZ sizeof (u_int) /* Overhead at end of bucket */
602 # ifdef TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
603 # define MAX_SHORT_BUCKET (12 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2) /* size-1 fits in short */
605 # define MAX_SHORT_BUCKET (13 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
611 #if !defined(PACK_MALLOC) && defined(BUCKETS_ROOT2)
612 # undef BUCKETS_ROOT2
616 # define BUCKET_TABLE_SHIFT 2
617 # define BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT 1
618 # define BUCKETS_PER_POW2 2
620 # define BUCKET_TABLE_SHIFT MIN_BUC_POW2
621 # define BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT 0
622 # define BUCKETS_PER_POW2 1
625 #if !defined(MEM_ALIGNBYTES) || ((MEM_ALIGNBYTES > 4) && !defined(STRICT_ALIGNMENT))
626 /* Figure out the alignment of void*. */
631 # define ALIGN_SMALL ((int)((caddr_t)&(((struct aligner*)0)->p)))
633 # define ALIGN_SMALL MEM_ALIGNBYTES
636 #define IF_ALIGN_8(yes,no) ((ALIGN_SMALL>4) ? (yes) : (no))
639 # define MAX_BUCKET_BY_TABLE 13
640 static const u_short buck_size[MAX_BUCKET_BY_TABLE + 1] =
642 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 80,
644 # define BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(i) ((i) % 2 ? buck_size[i] : (1 << ((i) >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)))
645 # define BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i) ((i) <= MAX_BUCKET_BY_TABLE \
647 : ((1 << ((i) >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)) \
649 + POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(i)))
651 # define BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(i) (1 << ((i) >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT))
652 # define BUCKET_SIZE(i) (BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(i) + POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(i))
653 # define BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i) (BUCKET_SIZE(i) - MEM_OVERHEAD(i))
658 /* In this case there are several possible layout of arenas depending
659 * on the size. Arenas are of sizes multiple to 2K, 2K-aligned, and
660 * have a size close to a power of 2.
662 * Arenas of the size >= 4K keep one chunk only. Arenas of size 2K
663 * may keep one chunk or multiple chunks. Here are the possible
666 * # One chunk only, chunksize 2^k + SOMETHING - ALIGN, k >= 11
668 * INDEX MAGIC1 UNUSED CHUNK1
670 * # Multichunk with sanity checking and chunksize 2^k-ALIGN, k>7
672 * INDEX MAGIC1 MAGIC2 MAGIC3 UNUSED CHUNK1 CHUNK2 CHUNK3 ...
674 * # Multichunk with sanity checking and size 2^k-ALIGN, k=7
676 * INDEX MAGIC1 MAGIC2 MAGIC3 UNUSED CHUNK1 UNUSED CHUNK2 CHUNK3 ...
678 * # Multichunk with sanity checking and size up to 80
680 * INDEX UNUSED MAGIC1 UNUSED MAGIC2 UNUSED ... CHUNK1 CHUNK2 CHUNK3 ...
682 * # No sanity check (usually up to 48=byte-long buckets)
683 * INDEX UNUSED CHUNK1 CHUNK2 ...
685 * Above INDEX and MAGIC are one-byte-long. Sizes of UNUSED are
686 * appropriate to keep algorithms simple and memory aligned. INDEX
687 * encodes the size of the chunk, while MAGICn encodes state (used,
688 * free or non-managed-by-us-so-it-indicates-a-bug) of CHUNKn. MAGIC
689 * is used for sanity checking purposes only. SOMETHING is 0 or 4K
690 * (to make size of big CHUNK accomodate allocations for powers of two
693 * [There is no need to alignment between chunks, since C rules ensure
694 * that structs which need 2^k alignment have sizeof which is
695 * divisible by 2^k. Thus as far as the last chunk is aligned at the
696 * end of the arena, and 2K-alignment does not contradict things,
697 * everything is going to be OK for sizes of chunks 2^n and 2^n +
698 * 2^k. Say, 80-bit buckets will be 16-bit aligned, and as far as we
699 * put allocations for requests in 65..80 range, all is fine.
701 * Note, however, that standard malloc() puts more strict
702 * requirements than the above C rules. Moreover, our algorithms of
703 * realloc() may break this idyll, but we suppose that realloc() does
704 * need not change alignment.]
706 * Is very important to make calculation of the offset of MAGICm as
707 * quick as possible, since it is done on each malloc()/free(). In
708 * fact it is so quick that it has quite little effect on the speed of
709 * doing malloc()/free(). [By default] We forego such calculations
710 * for small chunks, but only to save extra 3% of memory, not because
711 * of speed considerations.
713 * Here is the algorithm [which is the same for all the allocations
714 * schemes above], see OV_MAGIC(block,bucket). Let OFFSETm be the
715 * offset of the CHUNKm from the start of ARENA. Then offset of
716 * MAGICm is (OFFSET1 >> SHIFT) + ADDOFFSET. Here SHIFT and ADDOFFSET
717 * are numbers which depend on the size of the chunks only.
719 * Let as check some sanity conditions. Numbers OFFSETm>>SHIFT are
720 * different for all the chunks in the arena if 2^SHIFT is not greater
721 * than size of the chunks in the arena. MAGIC1 will not overwrite
722 * INDEX provided ADDOFFSET is >0 if OFFSET1 < 2^SHIFT. MAGIClast
723 * will not overwrite CHUNK1 if OFFSET1 > (OFFSETlast >> SHIFT) +
726 * Make SHIFT the maximal possible (there is no point in making it
727 * smaller). Since OFFSETlast is 2K - CHUNKSIZE, above restrictions
728 * give restrictions on OFFSET1 and on ADDOFFSET.
730 * In particular, for chunks of size 2^k with k>=6 we can put
731 * ADDOFFSET to be from 0 to 2^k - 2^(11-k), and have
732 * OFFSET1==chunksize. For chunks of size 80 OFFSET1 of 2K%80=48 is
733 * large enough to have ADDOFFSET between 1 and 16 (similarly for 96,
734 * when ADDOFFSET should be 1). In particular, keeping MAGICs for
735 * these sizes gives no additional size penalty.
737 * However, for chunks of size 2^k with k<=5 this gives OFFSET1 >=
738 * ADDOFSET + 2^(11-k). Keeping ADDOFFSET 0 allows for 2^(11-k)-2^(11-2k)
739 * chunks per arena. This is smaller than 2^(11-k) - 1 which are
740 * needed if no MAGIC is kept. [In fact, having a negative ADDOFFSET
741 * would allow for slightly more buckets per arena for k=2,3.]
743 * Similarly, for chunks of size 3/2*2^k with k<=5 MAGICs would span
744 * the area up to 2^(11-k)+ADDOFFSET. For k=4 this give optimal
745 * ADDOFFSET as -7..0. For k=3 ADDOFFSET can go up to 4 (with tiny
746 * savings for negative ADDOFFSET). For k=5 ADDOFFSET can go -1..16
747 * (with no savings for negative values).
749 * In particular, keeping ADDOFFSET 0 for sizes of chunks up to 2^6
750 * leads to tiny pessimizations in case of sizes 4, 8, 12, 24, and
751 * leads to no contradictions except for size=80 (or 96.)
753 * However, it also makes sense to keep no magic for sizes 48 or less.
754 * This is what we do. In this case one needs ADDOFFSET>=1 also for
755 * chunksizes 12, 24, and 48, unless one gets one less chunk per
758 * The algo of OV_MAGIC(block,bucket) keeps ADDOFFSET 0 until
759 * chunksize of 64, then makes it 1.
761 * This allows for an additional optimization: the above scheme leads
762 * to giant overheads for sizes 128 or more (one whole chunk needs to
763 * be sacrifised to keep INDEX). Instead we use chunks not of size
764 * 2^k, but of size 2^k-ALIGN. If we pack these chunks at the end of
765 * the arena, then the beginnings are still in different 2^k-long
766 * sections of the arena if k>=7 for ALIGN==4, and k>=8 if ALIGN=8.
767 * Thus for k>7 the above algo of calculating the offset of the magic
768 * will still give different answers for different chunks. And to
769 * avoid the overrun of MAGIC1 into INDEX, one needs ADDOFFSET of >=1.
770 * In the case k=7 we just move the first chunk an extra ALIGN
771 * backward inside the ARENA (this is done once per arena lifetime,
772 * thus is not a big overhead). */
773 # define MAX_PACKED_POW2 6
774 # define MAX_PACKED (MAX_PACKED_POW2 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2 + BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)
775 # define MAX_POW2_ALGO ((1<<(MAX_PACKED_POW2 + 1)) - M_OVERHEAD)
776 # define TWOK_MASK ((1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) - 1)
777 # define TWOK_MASKED(x) (PTR2UV(x) & ~TWOK_MASK)
778 # define TWOK_SHIFT(x) (PTR2UV(x) & TWOK_MASK)
779 # define OV_INDEXp(block) (INT2PTR(u_char*,TWOK_MASKED(block)))
780 # define OV_INDEX(block) (*OV_INDEXp(block))
781 # define OV_MAGIC(block,bucket) (*(OV_INDEXp(block) + \
782 (TWOK_SHIFT(block)>> \
783 (bucket>>BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)) + \
784 (bucket >= MIN_NEEDS_SHIFT ? 1 : 0)))
785 /* A bucket can have a shift smaller than it size, we need to
786 shift its magic number so it will not overwrite index: */
787 # ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
788 # define MIN_NEEDS_SHIFT (7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 - 1) /* Shift 80 greater than chunk 64. */
790 # define MIN_NEEDS_SHIFT (7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) /* Shift 128 greater than chunk 32. */
792 # define CHUNK_SHIFT 0
794 /* Number of active buckets of given ordinal. */
795 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
796 #define FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK (6 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2) /* 64 */
797 # define N_BLKS(bucket) ( (bucket) < FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK \
798 ? ((1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) - 1)/BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(bucket) \
801 # define N_BLKS(bucket) n_blks[bucket]
804 static const u_short n_blks[LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA * BUCKETS_PER_POW2] =
806 # if BUCKETS_PER_POW2==1
808 (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 384 : 0),
809 224, 120, 62, 31, 16, 8, 4, 2
812 (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 384 : 0), (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 384 : 0), /* 4, 4 */
813 224, 149, 120, 80, 62, 41, 31, 25, 16, 16, 8, 8, 4, 4, 2, 2
817 /* Shift of the first bucket with the given ordinal inside 2K chunk. */
818 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
819 # define BLK_SHIFT(bucket) ( (bucket) < FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK \
820 ? ((1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) \
821 - BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(bucket) * N_BLKS(bucket)) \
824 # define BLK_SHIFT(bucket) blk_shift[bucket]
827 static const u_short blk_shift[LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA * BUCKETS_PER_POW2] =
829 # if BUCKETS_PER_POW2==1
831 (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 512 : 0),
832 256, 128, 64, 64, /* 8 to 64 */
833 16*sizeof(union overhead),
834 8*sizeof(union overhead),
835 4*sizeof(union overhead),
836 2*sizeof(union overhead),
839 (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 512 : 0), (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 512 : 0),
840 256, 260, 128, 128, 64, 80, 64, 48, /* 8 to 96 */
841 16*sizeof(union overhead), 16*sizeof(union overhead),
842 8*sizeof(union overhead), 8*sizeof(union overhead),
843 4*sizeof(union overhead), 4*sizeof(union overhead),
844 2*sizeof(union overhead), 2*sizeof(union overhead),
848 # define NEEDED_ALIGNMENT 0x800 /* 2k boundaries */
849 # define WANTED_ALIGNMENT 0x800 /* 2k boundaries */
851 #else /* !PACK_MALLOC */
853 # define OV_MAGIC(block,bucket) (block)->ov_magic
854 # define OV_INDEX(block) (block)->ov_index
855 # define CHUNK_SHIFT 1
856 # define MAX_PACKED -1
857 # define NEEDED_ALIGNMENT MEM_ALIGNBYTES
858 # define WANTED_ALIGNMENT 0x400 /* 1k boundaries */
860 #endif /* !PACK_MALLOC */
862 #define M_OVERHEAD (sizeof(union overhead) + RMAGIC_SZ) /* overhead at start+end */
865 # define MEM_OVERHEAD(bucket) \
866 (bucket <= MAX_PACKED ? 0 : M_OVERHEAD)
867 # ifdef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
868 # define START_SHIFTS_BUCKET ((MAX_PACKED_POW2 + 1) * BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
869 # define START_SHIFT MAX_PACKED_POW2
870 # ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2 /* Chunks of size 3*2^n. */
871 # define SIZE_TABLE_MAX 80
873 # define SIZE_TABLE_MAX 64
875 static const char bucket_of[] =
877 # ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2 /* Chunks of size 3*2^n. */
878 /* 0 to 15 in 4-byte increments. */
879 (sizeof(void*) > 4 ? 6 : 5), /* 4/8, 5-th bucket for better reports */
881 IF_ALIGN_8(8,7), 8, /* 16/12, 16 */
882 9, 9, 10, 10, /* 24, 32 */
883 11, 11, 11, 11, /* 48 */
884 12, 12, 12, 12, /* 64 */
885 13, 13, 13, 13, /* 80 */
886 13, 13, 13, 13 /* 80 */
887 # else /* !BUCKETS_ROOT2 */
888 /* 0 to 15 in 4-byte increments. */
889 (sizeof(void*) > 4 ? 3 : 2),
895 # endif /* !BUCKETS_ROOT2 */
897 # else /* !SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE */
898 # define START_SHIFTS_BUCKET MIN_BUCKET
899 # define START_SHIFT (MIN_BUC_POW2 - 1)
900 # endif /* !SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE */
901 #else /* !PACK_MALLOC */
902 # define MEM_OVERHEAD(bucket) M_OVERHEAD
903 # ifdef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
904 # undef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
906 # define START_SHIFTS_BUCKET MIN_BUCKET
907 # define START_SHIFT (MIN_BUC_POW2 - 1)
908 #endif /* !PACK_MALLOC */
911 * Big allocations are often of the size 2^n bytes. To make them a
912 * little bit better, make blocks of size 2^n+pagesize for big n.
915 #ifdef TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
917 # ifndef PERL_PAGESIZE
918 # define PERL_PAGESIZE 4096
920 # ifndef FIRST_BIG_POW2
921 # define FIRST_BIG_POW2 15 /* 32K, 16K is used too often. */
923 # define FIRST_BIG_BLOCK (1<<FIRST_BIG_POW2)
924 /* If this value or more, check against bigger blocks. */
925 # define FIRST_BIG_BOUND (FIRST_BIG_BLOCK - M_OVERHEAD)
926 /* If less than this value, goes into 2^n-overhead-block. */
927 # define LAST_SMALL_BOUND ((FIRST_BIG_BLOCK>>1) - M_OVERHEAD)
929 # define POW2_OPTIMIZE_ADJUST(nbytes) \
930 ((nbytes >= FIRST_BIG_BOUND) ? nbytes -= PERL_PAGESIZE : 0)
931 # define POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(bucket) \
932 ((bucket >= FIRST_BIG_POW2 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? PERL_PAGESIZE : 0)
934 #else /* !TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE */
935 # define POW2_OPTIMIZE_ADJUST(nbytes)
936 # define POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(bucket) 0
937 #endif /* !TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE */
939 #if defined(HAS_64K_LIMIT) && defined(PERL_CORE)
940 # define BARK_64K_LIMIT(what,nbytes,size) \
941 if (nbytes > 0xffff) { \
942 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), \
943 "%s too large: %lx\n", what, size); \
946 #else /* !HAS_64K_LIMIT || !PERL_CORE */
947 # define BARK_64K_LIMIT(what,nbytes,size)
948 #endif /* !HAS_64K_LIMIT || !PERL_CORE */
951 # define MIN_SBRK 2048
955 # define FIRST_SBRK (48*1024)
958 /* Minimal sbrk in percents of what is already alloced. */
959 #ifndef MIN_SBRK_FRAC
960 # define MIN_SBRK_FRAC 3
963 #ifndef SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES
964 # define SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES 3
967 #ifndef SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE
968 # define SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE 50
971 static void morecore (register int bucket);
972 # if defined(DEBUGGING)
973 static void botch (char *diag, char *s, char *file, int line);
975 static void add_to_chain (void *p, MEM_SIZE size, MEM_SIZE chip);
976 static void* get_from_chain (MEM_SIZE size);
977 static void* get_from_bigger_buckets(int bucket, MEM_SIZE size);
978 static union overhead *getpages (MEM_SIZE needed, int *nblksp, int bucket);
979 static int getpages_adjacent(MEM_SIZE require);
983 #ifdef I_MACH_CTHREADS
985 # define MUTEX_LOCK(m) STMT_START { if (*m) mutex_lock(*m); } STMT_END
987 # define MUTEX_UNLOCK(m) STMT_START { if (*m) mutex_unlock(*m); } STMT_END
990 #endif /* defined PERL_CORE */
993 # define PTRSIZE sizeof(void*)
997 # define BITS_IN_PTR (8*PTRSIZE)
1001 * nextf[i] is the pointer to the next free block of size 2^i. The
1002 * smallest allocatable block is 8 bytes. The overhead information
1003 * precedes the data area returned to the user.
1005 #define NBUCKETS (BITS_IN_PTR*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 + 1)
1006 static union overhead *nextf[NBUCKETS];
1008 #if defined(PURIFY) && !defined(USE_PERL_SBRK)
1009 # define USE_PERL_SBRK
1012 #ifdef USE_PERL_SBRK
1013 # define sbrk(a) Perl_sbrk(a)
1014 Malloc_t Perl_sbrk (int size);
1016 # ifndef HAS_SBRK_PROTO /* <unistd.h> usually takes care of this */
1017 extern Malloc_t sbrk(int);
1021 #ifndef MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 /* Backward compatibility */
1022 # define MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 (MIN_SBRK_FRAC * 10)
1025 #ifndef START_EXTERN_C
1027 # define START_EXTERN_C extern "C" {
1029 # define START_EXTERN_C
1033 #ifndef END_EXTERN_C
1035 # define END_EXTERN_C };
1037 # define END_EXTERN_C
1041 #include "malloc_ctl.h"
1043 #ifndef NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG
1044 # define PERL_MALLOC_OPT_CHARS "FMfAPGdac"
1046 # ifndef FILL_DEAD_DEFAULT
1047 # define FILL_DEAD_DEFAULT 1
1049 # ifndef FILL_ALIVE_DEFAULT
1050 # define FILL_ALIVE_DEFAULT 1
1052 # ifndef FILL_CHECK_DEFAULT
1053 # define FILL_CHECK_DEFAULT 1
1056 static IV MallocCfg[MallocCfg_last] = {
1060 SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES,
1062 SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES * SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE, /* sbrk_goodness */
1063 FILL_DEAD_DEFAULT, /* FILL_DEAD */
1064 FILL_ALIVE_DEFAULT, /* FILL_ALIVE */
1065 FILL_CHECK_DEFAULT, /* FILL_CHECK */
1066 0, /* MallocCfg_skip_cfg_env */
1067 0, /* MallocCfg_cfg_env_read */
1068 0, /* MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_size */
1069 0, /* MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size */
1070 0 /* MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_last_req */
1072 IV *MallocCfg_ptr = MallocCfg;
1074 static char* MallocCfgP[MallocCfg_last] = {
1075 0, /* MallocCfgP_emergency_buffer */
1076 0, /* MallocCfgP_emergency_buffer_prepared */
1078 char **MallocCfgP_ptr = MallocCfgP;
1082 # undef MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000
1083 # undef SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES
1084 # undef SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE
1086 # define MIN_SBRK MallocCfg[MallocCfg_MIN_SBRK]
1087 # define FIRST_SBRK MallocCfg[MallocCfg_FIRST_SBRK]
1088 # define MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 MallocCfg[MallocCfg_MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000]
1089 # define SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES MallocCfg[MallocCfg_SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES]
1090 # define SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE MallocCfg[MallocCfg_SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE]
1092 # define sbrk_goodness MallocCfg[MallocCfg_sbrk_goodness]
1094 # define emergency_buffer_size MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_size]
1095 # define emergency_buffer_last_req MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_last_req]
1097 # define FILL_DEAD MallocCfg[MallocCfg_filldead]
1098 # define FILL_ALIVE MallocCfg[MallocCfg_fillalive]
1099 # define FILL_CHECK_CFG MallocCfg[MallocCfg_fillcheck]
1100 # define FILL_CHECK (FILL_DEAD && FILL_CHECK_CFG)
1102 # define emergency_buffer MallocCfgP[MallocCfgP_emergency_buffer]
1103 # define emergency_buffer_prepared MallocCfgP[MallocCfgP_emergency_buffer_prepared]
1105 #else /* defined(NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG) */
1107 # define FILL_DEAD 1
1108 # define FILL_ALIVE 1
1109 # define FILL_CHECK 1
1110 static int sbrk_goodness = SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES * SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE;
1112 # define NO_PERL_MALLOC_ENV
1116 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1118 * nmalloc[i] is the difference between the number of mallocs and frees
1119 * for a given block size.
1121 static u_int nmalloc[NBUCKETS];
1122 static u_int sbrk_slack;
1123 static u_int start_slack;
1124 #else /* !( defined DEBUGGING_MSTATS ) */
1125 # define sbrk_slack 0
1128 static u_int goodsbrk;
1130 #ifdef PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK
1133 # define BIG_SIZE (1<<16) /* 64K */
1136 # ifdef NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG
1137 static MEM_SIZE emergency_buffer_size;
1138 /* 0 if the last request for more memory succeeded.
1139 Otherwise the size of the failing request. */
1140 static MEM_SIZE emergency_buffer_last_req;
1141 static char *emergency_buffer;
1142 static char *emergency_buffer_prepared;
1145 # ifndef emergency_sbrk_croak
1146 # define emergency_sbrk_croak croak2
1151 perl_get_emergency_buffer(IV *size)
1154 /* First offense, give a possibility to recover by dieing. */
1155 /* No malloc involved here: */
1158 GV **gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "^M", FALSE);
1160 if (!gvp) gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "\015", FALSE);
1161 if (!gvp || !(sv = GvSV(*gvp)) || !SvPOK(sv)
1162 || (SvLEN(sv) < (1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) - M_OVERHEAD))
1163 return NULL; /* Now die die die... */
1164 /* Got it, now detach SvPV: */
1165 pv = SvPV_nolen(sv);
1166 /* Check alignment: */
1167 if ((PTR2UV(pv) - sizeof(union overhead)) & (NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1)) {
1168 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),"Bad alignment of $^M!\n");
1169 return NULL; /* die die die */
1176 *size = malloced_size(pv) + M_OVERHEAD;
1177 return pv - sizeof(union overhead);
1179 # define PERL_GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(p) perl_get_emergency_buffer(p)
1181 # define PERL_GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(p) NULL
1182 # endif /* defined PERL_CORE */
1184 # ifndef NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG
1186 get_emergency_buffer(IV *size)
1188 char *pv = emergency_buffer_prepared;
1190 *size = MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size];
1191 emergency_buffer_prepared = 0;
1192 MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size] = 0;
1196 /* Returns 0 on success, -1 on bad alignment, -2 if not implemented */
1198 set_emergency_buffer(char *b, IV size)
1200 if (PTR2UV(b) & (NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1))
1202 if (MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size])
1203 add_to_chain((void*)emergency_buffer_prepared,
1204 MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size], 0);
1205 emergency_buffer_prepared = b;
1206 MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size] = size;
1209 # define GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(p) get_emergency_buffer(p)
1210 # else /* NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG */
1211 # define GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(p) NULL
1213 set_emergency_buffer(char *b, IV size)
1220 emergency_sbrk(MEM_SIZE size)
1222 MEM_SIZE rsize = (((size - 1)>>LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) + 1)<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA;
1224 if (size >= BIG_SIZE
1225 && (!emergency_buffer_last_req ||
1226 (size < (MEM_SIZE)emergency_buffer_last_req))) {
1227 /* Give the possibility to recover, but avoid an infinite cycle. */
1229 emergency_buffer_last_req = size;
1230 emergency_sbrk_croak("Out of memory during \"large\" request for %"UVuf" bytes, total sbrk() is %"UVuf" bytes", (UV)size, (UV)(goodsbrk + sbrk_slack));
1233 if ((MEM_SIZE)emergency_buffer_size >= rsize) {
1234 char *old = emergency_buffer;
1236 emergency_buffer_size -= rsize;
1237 emergency_buffer += rsize;
1240 /* First offense, give a possibility to recover by dieing. */
1241 /* No malloc involved here: */
1243 char *pv = GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(&Size);
1246 if (emergency_buffer_size) {
1247 add_to_chain(emergency_buffer, emergency_buffer_size, 0);
1248 emergency_buffer_size = 0;
1249 emergency_buffer = NULL;
1254 pv = PERL_GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(&Size);
1258 return (char *)-1; /* Now die die die... */
1261 /* Check alignment: */
1262 if (PTR2UV(pv) & (NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1)) {
1265 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),"Bad alignment of $^M!\n");
1266 return (char *)-1; /* die die die */
1269 emergency_buffer = pv;
1270 emergency_buffer_size = Size;
1274 emergency_sbrk_croak("Out of memory during request for %"UVuf" bytes, total sbrk() is %"UVuf" bytes", (UV)size, (UV)(goodsbrk + sbrk_slack));
1279 #else /* !defined(PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK) */
1280 # define emergency_sbrk(size) -1
1281 #endif /* defined PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK */
1286 write(2, mess, strlen(mess));
1291 #define ASSERT(p,diag) if (!(p)) botch(diag,STRINGIFY(p),__FILE__,__LINE__);
1294 botch(char *diag, char *s, char *file, int line)
1297 if (!(PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE && PERL_GET_THX))
1301 if (PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
1302 "assertion botched (%s?): %s %s:%d\n",
1303 diag, s, file, line) != 0) {
1304 do_write: /* Can be initializing interpreter */
1305 write2("assertion botched (");
1314 char *s = linebuf + sizeof(linebuf) - 1;
1318 *--s = '0' + (n % 10);
1328 #define ASSERT(p, diag)
1332 /* Fill should be long enough to cover long */
1334 fill_pat_4bytes(unsigned char *s, size_t nbytes, const unsigned char *fill)
1336 unsigned char *e = s + nbytes;
1338 const long lfill = *(long*)fill;
1340 if (PTR2UV(s) & (sizeof(long)-1)) { /* Align the pattern */
1341 int shift = sizeof(long) - (PTR2UV(s) & (sizeof(long)-1));
1342 unsigned const char *f = fill + sizeof(long) - shift;
1343 unsigned char *e1 = s + shift;
1349 while ((unsigned char*)(lp + 1) <= e)
1351 s = (unsigned char*)lp;
1355 /* Just malloc()ed */
1356 static const unsigned char fill_feedadad[] =
1357 {0xFE, 0xED, 0xAD, 0xAD, 0xFE, 0xED, 0xAD, 0xAD,
1358 0xFE, 0xED, 0xAD, 0xAD, 0xFE, 0xED, 0xAD, 0xAD};
1360 static const unsigned char fill_deadbeef[] =
1361 {0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF,
1362 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF};
1363 # define FILL_DEADBEEF(s, n) \
1364 (void)(FILL_DEAD? (fill_pat_4bytes((s), (n), fill_deadbeef), 0) : 0)
1365 # define FILL_FEEDADAD(s, n) \
1366 (void)(FILL_ALIVE? (fill_pat_4bytes((s), (n), fill_feedadad), 0) : 0)
1368 # define FILL_DEADBEEF(s, n) ((void)0)
1369 # define FILL_FEEDADAD(s, n) ((void)0)
1370 # undef MALLOC_FILL_CHECK
1373 #ifdef MALLOC_FILL_CHECK
1375 cmp_pat_4bytes(unsigned char *s, size_t nbytes, const unsigned char *fill)
1377 unsigned char *e = s + nbytes;
1379 const long lfill = *(long*)fill;
1381 if (PTR2UV(s) & (sizeof(long)-1)) { /* Align the pattern */
1382 int shift = sizeof(long) - (PTR2UV(s) & (sizeof(long)-1));
1383 unsigned const char *f = fill + sizeof(long) - shift;
1384 unsigned char *e1 = s + shift;
1391 while ((unsigned char*)(lp + 1) <= e)
1394 s = (unsigned char*)lp;
1396 if (*s++ != *fill++)
1400 # define FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF(s, n) \
1401 ASSERT(!FILL_CHECK || !cmp_pat_4bytes(s, n, fill_deadbeef), \
1402 "free()ed/realloc()ed-away memory was overwritten")
1404 # define FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF(s, n) ((void)0)
1408 S_ajust_size_and_find_bucket(size_t *nbytes_p)
1412 size_t nbytes = *nbytes_p;
1415 * Convert amount of memory requested into
1416 * closest block size stored in hash buckets
1417 * which satisfies request. Account for
1418 * space used per block for accounting.
1421 # ifdef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
1423 bucket = MIN_BUCKET;
1424 else if (nbytes <= SIZE_TABLE_MAX) {
1425 bucket = bucket_of[(nbytes - 1) >> BUCKET_TABLE_SHIFT];
1430 if (nbytes <= MAX_POW2_ALGO) goto do_shifts;
1435 POW2_OPTIMIZE_ADJUST(nbytes);
1436 nbytes += M_OVERHEAD;
1437 nbytes = (nbytes + 3) &~ 3;
1438 #if defined(PACK_MALLOC) && !defined(SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE)
1441 shiftr = (nbytes - 1) >> START_SHIFT;
1442 bucket = START_SHIFTS_BUCKET;
1443 /* apart from this loop, this is O(1) */
1444 while (shiftr >>= 1)
1445 bucket += BUCKETS_PER_POW2;
1452 Perl_malloc(size_t nbytes)
1455 register union overhead *p;
1456 register int bucket;
1458 #if defined(DEBUGGING) || defined(RCHECK)
1459 MEM_SIZE size = nbytes;
1462 BARK_64K_LIMIT("Allocation",nbytes,nbytes);
1464 if ((long)nbytes < 0)
1465 croak("%s", "panic: malloc");
1468 bucket = S_ajust_size_and_find_bucket(&nbytes);
1471 * If nothing in hash bucket right now,
1472 * request more memory from the system.
1474 if (nextf[bucket] == NULL)
1476 if ((p = nextf[bucket]) == NULL) {
1482 #if defined(PLAIN_MALLOC) && defined(NO_FANCY_MALLOC)
1483 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),"Out of memory!\n");
1486 char *eb = buff + sizeof(buff) - 1;
1490 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),"Out of memory during request for ");
1491 #if defined(DEBUGGING) || defined(RCHECK)
1496 *--s = '0' + (n % 10);
1498 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),s);
1499 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr()," bytes, total sbrk() is ");
1501 n = goodsbrk + sbrk_slack;
1503 *--s = '0' + (n % 10);
1505 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),s);
1506 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr()," bytes!\n");
1507 #endif /* defined(PLAIN_MALLOC) && defined(NO_FANCY_MALLOC) */
1515 /* remove from linked list */
1517 if ( (PTR2UV(p) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1))
1518 /* Can't get this low */
1519 || (p && PTR2UV(p) < (1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA)) ) {
1521 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
1522 "Unaligned pointer in the free chain 0x%"UVxf"\n",
1525 if ( (PTR2UV(p->ov_next) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1))
1526 || (p->ov_next && PTR2UV(p->ov_next) < (1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA)) ) {
1528 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
1529 "Unaligned \"next\" pointer in the free "
1530 "chain 0x%"UVxf" at 0x%"UVxf"\n",
1531 PTR2UV(p->ov_next), PTR2UV(p));
1534 nextf[bucket] = p->ov_next;
1538 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1539 "0x%"UVxf": (%05lu) malloc %ld bytes\n",
1540 PTR2UV((Malloc_t)(p + CHUNK_SHIFT)), (unsigned long)(PL_an++),
1543 FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)(p + CHUNK_SHIFT),
1544 BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(bucket) + RMAGIC_SZ);
1546 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
1547 if (bucket >= FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK)
1549 OV_MAGIC(p, bucket) = MAGIC;
1551 OV_INDEX(p) = bucket;
1555 * Record allocated size of block and
1556 * bound space with magic numbers.
1558 p->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC;
1559 if (bucket <= MAX_SHORT_BUCKET) {
1562 nbytes = size + M_OVERHEAD;
1563 p->ov_size = nbytes - 1;
1564 if ((i = nbytes & (RMAGIC_SZ-1))) {
1566 while (i--) /* nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ is end of alloced area */
1567 ((caddr_t)p + nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ)[i] = RMAGIC_C;
1569 /* Same at RMAGIC_SZ-aligned RMAGIC */
1570 nbytes = (nbytes + RMAGIC_SZ - 1) & ~(RMAGIC_SZ - 1);
1571 ((u_int *)((caddr_t)p + nbytes))[-1] = RMAGIC;
1573 FILL_FEEDADAD((unsigned char *)(p + CHUNK_SHIFT), size);
1575 return ((Malloc_t)(p + CHUNK_SHIFT));
1578 static char *last_sbrk_top;
1579 static char *last_op; /* This arena can be easily extended. */
1580 static MEM_SIZE sbrked_remains;
1582 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1586 struct chunk_chain_s {
1587 struct chunk_chain_s *next;
1590 static struct chunk_chain_s *chunk_chain;
1591 static int n_chunks;
1592 static char max_bucket;
1594 /* Cutoff a piece of one of the chunks in the chain. Prefer smaller chunk. */
1596 get_from_chain(MEM_SIZE size)
1598 struct chunk_chain_s *elt = chunk_chain, **oldp = &chunk_chain;
1599 struct chunk_chain_s **oldgoodp = NULL;
1600 long min_remain = LONG_MAX;
1603 if (elt->size >= size) {
1604 long remains = elt->size - size;
1605 if (remains >= 0 && remains < min_remain) {
1607 min_remain = remains;
1613 oldp = &( elt->next );
1616 if (!oldgoodp) return NULL;
1618 void *ret = *oldgoodp;
1619 struct chunk_chain_s *next = (*oldgoodp)->next;
1621 *oldgoodp = (struct chunk_chain_s *)((char*)ret + size);
1622 (*oldgoodp)->size = min_remain;
1623 (*oldgoodp)->next = next;
1626 void *ret = *oldgoodp;
1627 *oldgoodp = (*oldgoodp)->next;
1634 add_to_chain(void *p, MEM_SIZE size, MEM_SIZE chip)
1636 struct chunk_chain_s *next = chunk_chain;
1637 char *cp = (char*)p;
1640 chunk_chain = (struct chunk_chain_s *)cp;
1641 chunk_chain->size = size - chip;
1642 chunk_chain->next = next;
1647 get_from_bigger_buckets(int bucket, MEM_SIZE size)
1650 static int bucketprice[NBUCKETS];
1651 while (bucket <= max_bucket) {
1652 /* We postpone stealing from bigger buckets until we want it
1654 if (nextf[bucket] && bucketprice[bucket]++ >= price) {
1656 void *ret = (void*)(nextf[bucket] - 1 + CHUNK_SHIFT);
1657 bucketprice[bucket] = 0;
1658 if (((char*)nextf[bucket]) - M_OVERHEAD == last_op) {
1659 last_op = NULL; /* Disable optimization */
1661 nextf[bucket] = nextf[bucket]->ov_next;
1662 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1664 start_slack -= M_OVERHEAD;
1666 add_to_chain(ret, (BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(bucket) +
1667 POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(bucket)),
1676 static union overhead *
1677 getpages(MEM_SIZE needed, int *nblksp, int bucket)
1680 /* Need to do (possibly expensive) system call. Try to
1681 optimize it for rare calling. */
1682 MEM_SIZE require = needed - sbrked_remains;
1684 union overhead *ovp;
1687 if (sbrk_goodness > 0) {
1688 if (!last_sbrk_top && require < (MEM_SIZE)FIRST_SBRK)
1689 require = FIRST_SBRK;
1690 else if (require < (MEM_SIZE)MIN_SBRK) require = MIN_SBRK;
1692 if (require < goodsbrk * MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 / 1000)
1693 require = goodsbrk * MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 / 1000;
1694 require = ((require - 1 + MIN_SBRK) / MIN_SBRK) * MIN_SBRK;
1701 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1702 "sbrk(%ld) for %ld-byte-long arena\n",
1703 (long)require, (long) needed));
1704 cp = (char *)sbrk(require);
1705 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1708 if (cp == last_sbrk_top) {
1709 /* Common case, anything is fine. */
1711 ovp = (union overhead *) (cp - sbrked_remains);
1712 last_op = cp - sbrked_remains;
1713 sbrked_remains = require - (needed - sbrked_remains);
1714 } else if (cp == (char *)-1) { /* no more room! */
1715 ovp = (union overhead *)emergency_sbrk(needed);
1716 if (ovp == (union overhead *)-1)
1718 if (((char*)ovp) > last_op) { /* Cannot happen with current emergency_sbrk() */
1722 } else { /* Non-continuous or first sbrk(). */
1723 long add = sbrked_remains;
1726 if (sbrked_remains) { /* Put rest into chain, we
1727 cannot use it right now. */
1728 add_to_chain((void*)(last_sbrk_top - sbrked_remains),
1732 /* Second, check alignment. */
1735 #if !defined(atarist) && !defined(__MINT__) /* on the atari we dont have to worry about this */
1736 # ifndef I286 /* The sbrk(0) call on the I286 always returns the next segment */
1737 /* WANTED_ALIGNMENT may be more than NEEDED_ALIGNMENT, but this may
1738 improve performance of memory access. */
1739 if (PTR2UV(cp) & (WANTED_ALIGNMENT - 1)) { /* Not aligned. */
1740 slack = WANTED_ALIGNMENT - (PTR2UV(cp) & (WANTED_ALIGNMENT - 1));
1744 #endif /* !atarist && !MINT */
1747 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1748 "sbrk(%ld) to fix non-continuous/off-page sbrk:\n\t%ld for alignement,\t%ld were assumed to come from the tail of the previous sbrk\n",
1749 (long)add, (long) slack,
1750 (long) sbrked_remains));
1751 newcp = (char *)sbrk(add);
1752 #if defined(DEBUGGING_MSTATS)
1756 if (newcp != cp + require) {
1757 /* Too bad: even rounding sbrk() is not continuous.*/
1758 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1759 "failed to fix bad sbrk()\n"));
1763 fatalcroak("panic: Off-page sbrk\n");
1766 if (sbrked_remains) {
1768 #if defined(DEBUGGING_MSTATS)
1769 sbrk_slack += require;
1772 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1773 "straight sbrk(%ld)\n",
1775 cp = (char *)sbrk(require);
1776 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1779 if (cp == (char *)-1)
1782 sbrk_goodness = -1; /* Disable optimization!
1783 Continue with not-aligned... */
1786 require += sbrked_remains;
1790 if (last_sbrk_top) {
1791 sbrk_goodness -= SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE;
1794 ovp = (union overhead *) cp;
1796 * Round up to minimum allocation size boundary
1797 * and deduct from block count to reflect.
1800 # if NEEDED_ALIGNMENT > MEM_ALIGNBYTES
1801 if (PTR2UV(ovp) & (NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1))
1802 fatalcroak("Misalignment of sbrk()\n");
1805 #ifndef I286 /* Again, this should always be ok on an 80286 */
1806 if (PTR2UV(ovp) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1)) {
1807 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1808 "fixing sbrk(): %d bytes off machine alignement\n",
1809 (int)(PTR2UV(ovp) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1))));
1810 ovp = INT2PTR(union overhead *,(PTR2UV(ovp) + MEM_ALIGNBYTES) &
1811 (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1));
1813 # if defined(DEBUGGING_MSTATS)
1814 /* This is only approx. if TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE: */
1815 sbrk_slack += (1 << (bucket >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT));
1819 ; /* Finish "else" */
1820 sbrked_remains = require - needed;
1823 #if !defined(PLAIN_MALLOC) && !defined(NO_FANCY_MALLOC)
1824 emergency_buffer_last_req = 0;
1826 last_sbrk_top = cp + require;
1827 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1828 goodsbrk += require;
1834 getpages_adjacent(MEM_SIZE require)
1836 if (require <= sbrked_remains) {
1837 sbrked_remains -= require;
1841 require -= sbrked_remains;
1842 /* We do not try to optimize sbrks here, we go for place. */
1843 cp = (char*) sbrk(require);
1844 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1846 goodsbrk += require;
1848 if (cp == last_sbrk_top) {
1850 last_sbrk_top = cp + require;
1852 if (cp == (char*)-1) { /* Out of memory */
1853 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1854 goodsbrk -= require;
1858 /* Report the failure: */
1860 add_to_chain((void*)(last_sbrk_top - sbrked_remains),
1862 add_to_chain((void*)cp, require, 0);
1863 sbrk_goodness -= SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE;
1875 * Allocate more memory to the indicated bucket.
1878 morecore(register int bucket)
1881 register union overhead *ovp;
1882 register int rnu; /* 2^rnu bytes will be requested */
1883 int nblks; /* become nblks blocks of the desired size */
1884 register MEM_SIZE siz, needed;
1885 static int were_called = 0;
1889 #ifndef NO_PERL_MALLOC_ENV
1891 /* It's the our first time. Initialize ourselves */
1892 were_called = 1; /* Avoid a loop */
1893 if (!MallocCfg[MallocCfg_skip_cfg_env]) {
1894 char *s = getenv("PERL_MALLOC_OPT"), *t = s, *off;
1895 const char *opts = PERL_MALLOC_OPT_CHARS;
1898 while ( t && t[0] && t[1] == '='
1899 && ((off = strchr(opts, *t))) ) {
1903 while (*t <= '9' && *t >= '0')
1904 val = 10*val + *t++ - '0';
1905 if (!*t || *t == ';') {
1906 if (MallocCfg[off - opts] != val)
1908 MallocCfg[off - opts] = val;
1914 write2("Unrecognized part of PERL_MALLOC_OPT: \"");
1919 MallocCfg[MallocCfg_cfg_env_read] = 1;
1923 if (bucket == sizeof(MEM_SIZE)*8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
1925 croak("%s", "Out of memory during ridiculously large request");
1927 if (bucket > max_bucket)
1928 max_bucket = bucket;
1930 rnu = ( (bucket <= (LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT))
1932 : (bucket >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT) );
1933 /* This may be overwritten later: */
1934 nblks = 1 << (rnu - (bucket >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)); /* how many blocks to get */
1935 needed = ((MEM_SIZE)1 << rnu) + POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(bucket);
1936 if (nextf[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT]) { /* 2048b bucket. */
1937 ovp = nextf[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT] - 1 + CHUNK_SHIFT;
1938 nextf[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT]
1939 = nextf[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT]->ov_next;
1940 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1941 nmalloc[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT]--;
1942 start_slack -= M_OVERHEAD;
1944 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1945 "stealing %ld bytes from %ld arena\n",
1946 (long) needed, (long) rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT));
1947 } else if (chunk_chain
1948 && (ovp = (union overhead*) get_from_chain(needed))) {
1949 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1950 "stealing %ld bytes from chain\n",
1952 } else if ( (ovp = (union overhead*)
1953 get_from_bigger_buckets((rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT) + 1,
1955 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1956 "stealing %ld bytes from bigger buckets\n",
1958 } else if (needed <= sbrked_remains) {
1959 ovp = (union overhead *)(last_sbrk_top - sbrked_remains);
1960 sbrked_remains -= needed;
1961 last_op = (char*)ovp;
1963 ovp = getpages(needed, &nblks, bucket);
1967 FILL_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)ovp, needed);
1970 * Add new memory allocated to that on
1971 * free list for this hash bucket.
1973 siz = BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(bucket); /* No surplus if nblks > 1 */
1975 *(u_char*)ovp = bucket; /* Fill index. */
1976 if (bucket <= MAX_PACKED) {
1977 ovp = (union overhead *) ((char*)ovp + BLK_SHIFT(bucket));
1978 nblks = N_BLKS(bucket);
1979 # ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1980 start_slack += BLK_SHIFT(bucket);
1982 } else if (bucket < LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA * BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
1983 ovp = (union overhead *) ((char*)ovp + BLK_SHIFT(bucket));
1984 siz -= sizeof(union overhead);
1985 } else ovp++; /* One chunk per block. */
1986 #endif /* PACK_MALLOC */
1987 nextf[bucket] = ovp;
1988 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1989 nmalloc[bucket] += nblks;
1990 if (bucket > MAX_PACKED) {
1991 start_slack += M_OVERHEAD * nblks;
1995 while (--nblks > 0) {
1996 ovp->ov_next = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)ovp + siz);
1997 ovp = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)ovp + siz);
1999 /* Not all sbrks return zeroed memory.*/
2000 ovp->ov_next = (union overhead *)NULL;
2002 if (bucket == 7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) { /* Special case, explanation is above. */
2003 union overhead *n_op = nextf[7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2]->ov_next;
2004 nextf[7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2] =
2005 (union overhead *)((caddr_t)nextf[7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2]
2006 - sizeof(union overhead));
2007 nextf[7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2]->ov_next = n_op;
2009 #endif /* !PACK_MALLOC */
2013 Perl_mfree(Malloc_t where)
2016 register MEM_SIZE size;
2017 register union overhead *ovp;
2018 char *cp = (char*)where;
2023 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2024 "0x%"UVxf": (%05lu) free\n",
2025 PTR2UV(cp), (unsigned long)(PL_an++)));
2030 if (PTR2UV(cp) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1))
2031 croak("%s", "wrong alignment in free()");
2033 ovp = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp
2034 - sizeof (union overhead) * CHUNK_SHIFT);
2036 bucket = OV_INDEX(ovp);
2038 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
2039 if ((bucket >= FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK)
2040 && (OV_MAGIC(ovp, bucket) != MAGIC))
2042 if (OV_MAGIC(ovp, bucket) != MAGIC)
2045 static int bad_free_warn = -1;
2046 if (bad_free_warn == -1) {
2048 char *pbf = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_BADFREE");
2049 bad_free_warn = (pbf) ? atoi(pbf) : 1;
2057 if (!PERL_IS_ALIVE || !PL_curcop || ckWARN_d(WARN_MALLOC))
2058 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MALLOC), "%s free() ignored (RMAGIC, PERL_CORE)",
2059 ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1 ?
2060 "Duplicate" : "Bad");
2063 warn("%s free() ignored (RMAGIC)",
2064 ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1 ? "Duplicate" : "Bad");
2070 if (!PERL_IS_ALIVE || !PL_curcop || ckWARN_d(WARN_MALLOC))
2071 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MALLOC), "%s", "Bad free() ignored (PERL_CORE)");
2074 warn("%s", "Bad free() ignored");
2077 return; /* sanity */
2080 ASSERT(ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC, "chunk's head overwrite");
2081 if (OV_INDEX(ovp) <= MAX_SHORT_BUCKET) {
2083 MEM_SIZE nbytes = ovp->ov_size + 1;
2085 if ((i = nbytes & (RMAGIC_SZ-1))) {
2087 while (i--) { /* nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ is end of alloced area */
2088 ASSERT(((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ)[i] == RMAGIC_C,
2089 "chunk's tail overwrite");
2092 /* Same at RMAGIC_SZ-aligned RMAGIC */
2093 nbytes = (nbytes + (RMAGIC_SZ-1)) & ~(RMAGIC_SZ-1);
2094 ASSERT(((u_int *)((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes))[-1] == RMAGIC,
2095 "chunk's tail overwrite");
2096 FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes),
2097 BUCKET_SIZE(OV_INDEX(ovp)) - nbytes);
2099 FILL_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)(ovp+CHUNK_SHIFT),
2100 BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(OV_INDEX(ovp)) + RMAGIC_SZ);
2101 ovp->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC - 1;
2103 ASSERT(OV_INDEX(ovp) < NBUCKETS, "chunk's head overwrite");
2104 size = OV_INDEX(ovp);
2107 ovp->ov_next = nextf[size];
2112 /* There is no need to do any locking in realloc (with an exception of
2113 trying to grow in place if we are at the end of the chain).
2114 If somebody calls us from a different thread with the same address,
2115 we are sole anyway. */
2118 Perl_realloc(void *mp, size_t nbytes)
2121 register MEM_SIZE onb;
2122 union overhead *ovp;
2125 register int bucket;
2126 int incr; /* 1 if does not fit, -1 if "easily" fits in a
2127 smaller bucket, otherwise 0. */
2128 char *cp = (char*)mp;
2130 #if defined(DEBUGGING) || !defined(PERL_CORE)
2131 MEM_SIZE size = nbytes;
2133 if ((long)nbytes < 0)
2134 croak("%s", "panic: realloc");
2137 BARK_64K_LIMIT("Reallocation",nbytes,size);
2139 return Perl_malloc(nbytes);
2141 ovp = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp
2142 - sizeof (union overhead) * CHUNK_SHIFT);
2143 bucket = OV_INDEX(ovp);
2145 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
2146 if ((bucket >= FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK)
2147 && (OV_MAGIC(ovp, bucket) != MAGIC))
2149 if (OV_MAGIC(ovp, bucket) != MAGIC)
2152 static int bad_free_warn = -1;
2153 if (bad_free_warn == -1) {
2155 char *pbf = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_BADFREE");
2156 bad_free_warn = (pbf) ? atoi(pbf) : 1;
2164 if (!PERL_IS_ALIVE || !PL_curcop || ckWARN_d(WARN_MALLOC))
2165 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MALLOC), "%srealloc() %signored",
2166 (ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1 ? "" : "Bad "),
2167 ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1
2168 ? "of freed memory " : "");
2171 warn2("%srealloc() %signored",
2172 (ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1 ? "" : "Bad "),
2173 ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1 ? "of freed memory " : "");
2179 if (!PERL_IS_ALIVE || !PL_curcop || ckWARN_d(WARN_MALLOC))
2180 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MALLOC), "%s",
2181 "Bad realloc() ignored");
2184 warn("%s", "Bad realloc() ignored");
2187 return NULL; /* sanity */
2190 onb = BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(bucket);
2192 * avoid the copy if same size block.
2193 * We are not agressive with boundary cases. Note that it might
2194 * (for a small number of cases) give false negative if
2195 * both new size and old one are in the bucket for
2196 * FIRST_BIG_POW2, but the new one is near the lower end.
2198 * We do not try to go to 1.5 times smaller bucket so far.
2200 if (nbytes > onb) incr = 1;
2202 #ifdef DO_NOT_TRY_HARDER_WHEN_SHRINKING
2203 if ( /* This is a little bit pessimal if PACK_MALLOC: */
2204 nbytes > ( (onb >> 1) - M_OVERHEAD )
2205 # ifdef TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
2206 || (bucket == FIRST_BIG_POW2 && nbytes >= LAST_SMALL_BOUND )
2209 #else /* !DO_NOT_TRY_HARDER_WHEN_SHRINKING */
2210 prev_bucket = ( (bucket > MAX_PACKED + 1)
2211 ? bucket - BUCKETS_PER_POW2
2213 if (nbytes > BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(prev_bucket))
2214 #endif /* !DO_NOT_TRY_HARDER_WHEN_SHRINKING */
2218 #ifdef STRESS_REALLOC
2225 * Record new allocated size of block and
2226 * bound space with magic numbers.
2228 if (OV_INDEX(ovp) <= MAX_SHORT_BUCKET) {
2229 int i, nb = ovp->ov_size + 1;
2231 if ((i = nb & (RMAGIC_SZ-1))) {
2233 while (i--) { /* nb - RMAGIC_SZ is end of alloced area */
2234 ASSERT(((caddr_t)ovp + nb - RMAGIC_SZ)[i] == RMAGIC_C, "chunk's tail overwrite");
2237 /* Same at RMAGIC_SZ-aligned RMAGIC */
2238 nb = (nb + (RMAGIC_SZ-1)) & ~(RMAGIC_SZ-1);
2239 ASSERT(((u_int *)((caddr_t)ovp + nb))[-1] == RMAGIC,
2240 "chunk's tail overwrite");
2241 FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)((caddr_t)ovp + nb),
2242 BUCKET_SIZE(OV_INDEX(ovp)) - nb);
2243 if (nbytes > ovp->ov_size + 1 - M_OVERHEAD)
2244 FILL_FEEDADAD((unsigned char*)cp + ovp->ov_size + 1 - M_OVERHEAD,
2245 nbytes - (ovp->ov_size + 1 - M_OVERHEAD));
2247 FILL_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)cp + nbytes,
2248 nb - M_OVERHEAD + RMAGIC_SZ - nbytes);
2250 * Convert amount of memory requested into
2251 * closest block size stored in hash buckets
2252 * which satisfies request. Account for
2253 * space used per block for accounting.
2255 nbytes += M_OVERHEAD;
2256 ovp->ov_size = nbytes - 1;
2257 if ((i = nbytes & (RMAGIC_SZ-1))) {
2259 while (i--) /* nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ is end of alloced area */
2260 ((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ)[i]
2263 /* Same at RMAGIC_SZ-aligned RMAGIC */
2264 nbytes = (nbytes + (RMAGIC_SZ-1)) & ~(RMAGIC_SZ - 1);
2265 ((u_int *)((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes))[-1] = RMAGIC;
2269 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2270 "0x%"UVxf": (%05lu) realloc %ld bytes inplace\n",
2271 PTR2UV(res),(unsigned long)(PL_an++),
2273 } else if (incr == 1 && (cp - M_OVERHEAD == last_op)
2274 && (onb > (1 << LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA))) {
2275 MEM_SIZE require, newarena = nbytes, pow;
2278 POW2_OPTIMIZE_ADJUST(newarena);
2279 newarena = newarena + M_OVERHEAD;
2280 /* newarena = (newarena + 3) &~ 3; */
2281 shiftr = (newarena - 1) >> LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA;
2282 pow = LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA + 1;
2283 /* apart from this loop, this is O(1) */
2284 while (shiftr >>= 1)
2286 newarena = (1 << pow) + POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(pow * BUCKETS_PER_POW2);
2287 require = newarena - onb - M_OVERHEAD;
2290 if (cp - M_OVERHEAD == last_op /* We *still* are the last chunk */
2291 && getpages_adjacent(require)) {
2292 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
2294 nmalloc[pow * BUCKETS_PER_POW2]++;
2296 *(cp - M_OVERHEAD) = pow * BUCKETS_PER_POW2; /* Fill index. */
2305 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2306 "0x%"UVxf": (%05lu) realloc %ld bytes the hard way\n",
2307 PTR2UV(cp),(unsigned long)(PL_an++),
2309 if ((res = (char*)Perl_malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
2311 if (cp != res) /* common optimization */
2312 Copy(cp, res, (MEM_SIZE)(nbytes<onb?nbytes:onb), char);
2315 return ((Malloc_t)res);
2319 Perl_calloc(register size_t elements, register size_t size)
2321 long sz = elements * size;
2322 Malloc_t p = Perl_malloc(sz);
2325 memset((void*)p, 0, sz);
2331 Perl_strdup(const char *s)
2333 MEM_SIZE l = strlen(s);
2334 char *s1 = (char *)Perl_malloc(l+1);
2336 return (char *)CopyD(s, s1, (MEM_SIZE)(l+1), char);
2341 Perl_putenv(char *a)
2343 /* Sometimes system's putenv conflicts with my_setenv() - this is system
2344 malloc vs Perl's free(). */
2351 while (*val && *val != '=')
2356 if (l < sizeof(buf))
2359 var = (char *)Perl_malloc(l + 1);
2360 Copy(a, var, l, char);
2362 my_setenv(var, val+1);
2370 Perl_malloced_size(void *p)
2372 union overhead * const ovp = (union overhead *)
2373 ((caddr_t)p - sizeof (union overhead) * CHUNK_SHIFT);
2374 const int bucket = OV_INDEX(ovp);
2376 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MALLOCED_SIZE;
2379 /* The caller wants to have a complete control over the chunk,
2380 disable the memory checking inside the chunk. */
2381 if (bucket <= MAX_SHORT_BUCKET) {
2382 const MEM_SIZE size = BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(bucket);
2383 ovp->ov_size = size + M_OVERHEAD - 1;
2384 *((u_int *)((caddr_t)ovp + size + M_OVERHEAD - RMAGIC_SZ)) = RMAGIC;
2387 return BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(bucket);
2392 Perl_malloc_good_size(size_t wanted)
2394 return BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(S_ajust_size_and_find_bucket(&wanted));
2397 # ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
2398 # define MIN_EVEN_REPORT 6
2400 # define MIN_EVEN_REPORT MIN_BUCKET
2404 Perl_get_mstats(pTHX_ perl_mstats_t *buf, int buflen, int level)
2406 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
2408 register union overhead *p;
2409 struct chunk_chain_s* nextchain;
2411 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GET_MSTATS;
2413 buf->topbucket = buf->topbucket_ev = buf->topbucket_odd
2414 = buf->totfree = buf->total = buf->total_chain = 0;
2416 buf->minbucket = MIN_BUCKET;
2418 for (i = MIN_BUCKET ; i < NBUCKETS; i++) {
2419 for (j = 0, p = nextf[i]; p; p = p->ov_next, j++)
2423 buf->ntotal[i] = nmalloc[i];
2425 buf->totfree += j * BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i);
2426 buf->total += nmalloc[i] * BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i);
2428 i % 2 ? (buf->topbucket_odd = i) : (buf->topbucket_ev = i);
2432 nextchain = chunk_chain;
2434 buf->total_chain += nextchain->size;
2435 nextchain = nextchain->next;
2437 buf->total_sbrk = goodsbrk + sbrk_slack;
2439 buf->sbrk_good = sbrk_goodness;
2440 buf->sbrk_slack = sbrk_slack;
2441 buf->start_slack = start_slack;
2442 buf->sbrked_remains = sbrked_remains;
2444 buf->nbuckets = NBUCKETS;
2446 for (i = MIN_BUCKET ; i < NBUCKETS; i++) {
2449 buf->bucket_mem_size[i] = BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(i);
2450 buf->bucket_available_size[i] = BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i);
2453 #else /* defined DEBUGGING_MSTATS */
2454 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "perl not compiled with DEBUGGING_MSTATS\n");
2455 #endif /* defined DEBUGGING_MSTATS */
2456 return 0; /* XXX unused */
2459 * mstats - print out statistics about malloc
2461 * Prints two lines of numbers, one showing the length of the free list
2462 * for each size category, the second showing the number of mallocs -
2463 * frees for each size category.
2466 Perl_dump_mstats(pTHX_ const char *s)
2468 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
2470 perl_mstats_t buffer;
2474 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUMP_MSTATS;
2478 get_mstats(&buffer, NBUCKETS, 0);
2481 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2482 "Memory allocation statistics %s (buckets %"IVdf"(%"IVdf")..%"IVdf"(%"IVdf")\n",
2484 (IV)BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(MIN_BUCKET),
2485 (IV)BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(MIN_BUCKET),
2486 (IV)BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(buffer.topbucket),
2487 (IV)BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(buffer.topbucket));
2488 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "%8"IVdf" free:", buffer.totfree);
2489 for (i = MIN_EVEN_REPORT; i <= buffer.topbucket; i += BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
2490 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2491 ((i < 8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 || i == 10*BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
2493 : ((i < 12*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? " %3"UVuf : " %"UVuf)),
2496 #ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
2497 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\n\t ");
2498 for (i = MIN_BUCKET + 1; i <= buffer.topbucket_odd; i += BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
2499 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2500 ((i < 8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 || i == 10*BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
2502 : ((i < 12*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? " %3"UVuf : " %"UVuf)),
2506 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\n%8"IVdf" used:", buffer.total - buffer.totfree);
2507 for (i = MIN_EVEN_REPORT; i <= buffer.topbucket; i += BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
2508 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2509 ((i < 8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 || i == 10*BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
2511 : ((i < 12*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? " %3"IVdf : " %"IVdf)),
2512 buffer.ntotal[i] - buffer.nfree[i]);
2514 #ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
2515 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\n\t ");
2516 for (i = MIN_BUCKET + 1; i <= buffer.topbucket_odd; i += BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
2517 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2518 ((i < 8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 || i == 10*BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
2520 : ((i < 12*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? " %3"IVdf : " %"IVdf)),
2521 buffer.ntotal[i] - buffer.nfree[i]);
2524 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\nTotal sbrk(): %"IVdf"/%"IVdf":%"IVdf". Odd ends: pad+heads+chain+tail: %"IVdf"+%"IVdf"+%"IVdf"+%"IVdf".\n",
2525 buffer.total_sbrk, buffer.sbrks, buffer.sbrk_good,
2526 buffer.sbrk_slack, buffer.start_slack,
2527 buffer.total_chain, buffer.sbrked_remains);
2528 #else /* DEBUGGING_MSTATS */
2529 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "%s: perl not compiled with DEBUGGING_MSTATS\n",s);
2530 #endif /* DEBUGGING_MSTATS */
2533 #ifdef USE_PERL_SBRK
2535 # if defined(__MACHTEN_PPC__) || defined(NeXT) || defined(__NeXT__) || defined(PURIFY)
2536 # define PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC
2539 # ifdef PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC
2541 /* it may seem schizophrenic to use perl's malloc and let it call system */
2542 /* malloc, the reason for that is only the 3.2 version of the OS that had */
2543 /* frequent core dumps within nxzonefreenolock. This sbrk routine put an */
2544 /* end to the cores */
2546 # ifndef SYSTEM_ALLOC
2547 # define SYSTEM_ALLOC(a) malloc(a)
2549 # ifndef SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT
2550 # define SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT MEM_ALIGNBYTES
2553 # endif /* PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC */
2555 static IV Perl_sbrk_oldchunk;
2556 static long Perl_sbrk_oldsize;
2558 # define PERLSBRK_32_K (1<<15)
2559 # define PERLSBRK_64_K (1<<16)
2567 if (!size) return 0;
2569 reqsize = size; /* just for the DEBUG_m statement */
2572 size = (size + 0x7ff) & ~0x7ff;
2574 if (size <= Perl_sbrk_oldsize) {
2575 got = Perl_sbrk_oldchunk;
2576 Perl_sbrk_oldchunk += size;
2577 Perl_sbrk_oldsize -= size;
2579 if (size >= PERLSBRK_32_K) {
2582 size = PERLSBRK_64_K;
2585 # if NEEDED_ALIGNMENT > SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT
2586 size += NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT;
2588 got = (IV)SYSTEM_ALLOC(size);
2589 # if NEEDED_ALIGNMENT > SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT
2590 got = (got + NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1) & ~(NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1);
2593 /* Chunk is small, register the rest for future allocs. */
2594 Perl_sbrk_oldchunk = got + reqsize;
2595 Perl_sbrk_oldsize = size - reqsize;
2599 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "sbrk malloc size %ld (reqsize %ld), left size %ld, give addr 0x%"UVxf"\n",
2600 size, reqsize, Perl_sbrk_oldsize, PTR2UV(got)));
2605 #endif /* ! defined USE_PERL_SBRK */
2609 * c-indentation-style: bsd
2611 * indent-tabs-mode: t
2614 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: