6 * "'The Chamber of Records,' said Gimli. 'I guess that is where we now stand.'"
10 Here are some notes on configuring Perl's malloc. (For non-perl
13 There are two macros which serve as bulk disablers of advanced
14 features of this malloc: NO_FANCY_MALLOC, PLAIN_MALLOC (undef by
15 default). Look in the list of default values below to understand
16 their exact effect. Defining NO_FANCY_MALLOC returns malloc.c to the
17 state of the malloc in Perl 5.004. Additionally defining PLAIN_MALLOC
18 returns it to the state as of Perl 5.000.
20 Note that some of the settings below may be ignored in the code based
21 on values of other macros. The PERL_CORE symbol is only defined when
22 perl itself is being compiled (so malloc can make some assumptions
23 about perl's facilities being available to it).
25 Each config option has a short description, followed by its name,
26 default value, and a comment about the default (if applicable). Some
27 options take a precise value, while the others are just boolean.
28 The boolean ones are listed first.
30 # Read configuration settings from malloc_cfg.h
31 HAVE_MALLOC_CFG_H undef
33 # Enable code for an emergency memory pool in $^M. See perlvar.pod
34 # for a description of $^M.
35 PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK (!PLAIN_MALLOC && (PERL_CORE || !NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG))
37 # Enable code for printing memory statistics.
38 DEBUGGING_MSTATS (!PLAIN_MALLOC && PERL_CORE)
40 # Move allocation info for small buckets into separate areas.
41 # Memory optimization (especially for small allocations, of the
42 # less than 64 bytes). Since perl usually makes a large number
43 # of small allocations, this is usually a win.
44 PACK_MALLOC (!PLAIN_MALLOC && !RCHECK)
46 # Add one page to big powers of two when calculating bucket size.
47 # This is targeted at big allocations, as are common in image
49 TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE !PLAIN_MALLOC
51 # Use intermediate bucket sizes between powers-of-two. This is
52 # generally a memory optimization, and a (small) speed pessimization.
53 BUCKETS_ROOT2 !NO_FANCY_MALLOC
55 # Do not check small deallocations for bad free(). Memory
56 # and speed optimization, error reporting pessimization.
57 IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE (!NO_FANCY_MALLOC && !RCHECK)
59 # Use table lookup to decide in which bucket a given allocation will go.
60 SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE !NO_FANCY_MALLOC
62 # Use a perl-defined sbrk() instead of the (presumably broken or
63 # missing) system-supplied sbrk().
66 # Use system malloc() (or calloc() etc.) to emulate sbrk(). Normally
67 # only used with broken sbrk()s.
68 PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC undef
70 # Which allocator to use if PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC
71 SYSTEM_ALLOC(a) malloc(a)
73 # Minimal alignment (in bytes, should be a power of 2) of SYSTEM_ALLOC
74 SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT MEM_ALIGNBYTES
76 # Disable memory overwrite checking with DEBUGGING. Memory and speed
77 # optimization, error reporting pessimization.
80 # Enable memory overwrite checking with DEBUGGING. Memory and speed
81 # pessimization, error reporting optimization
82 RCHECK (DEBUGGING && !NO_RCHECK)
84 # Do not overwrite uninit areas with DEBUGGING. Speed
85 # optimization, error reporting pessimization
88 # Overwrite uninit areas with DEBUGGING. Speed
89 # pessimization, error reporting optimization
90 MALLOC_FILL (DEBUGGING && !NO_RCHECK && !NO_MFILL)
92 # Do not check overwritten uninit areas with DEBUGGING. Speed
93 # optimization, error reporting pessimization
96 # Check overwritten uninit areas with DEBUGGING. Speed
97 # pessimization, error reporting optimization
98 MALLOC_FILL_CHECK (DEBUGGING && !NO_RCHECK && !NO_FILL_CHECK)
100 # Failed allocations bigger than this size croak (if
101 # PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK is enabled) without touching $^M. See
102 # perlvar.pod for a description of $^M.
103 BIG_SIZE (1<<16) # 64K
105 # Starting from this power of two, add an extra page to the
106 # size of the bucket. This enables optimized allocations of sizes
107 # close to powers of 2. Note that the value is indexed at 0.
108 FIRST_BIG_POW2 15 # 32K, 16K is used too often
110 # Estimate of minimal memory footprint. malloc uses this value to
111 # request the most reasonable largest blocks of memory from the system.
114 # Round up sbrk()s to multiples of this.
117 # Round up sbrk()s to multiples of this percent of footprint.
120 # Round up sbrk()s to multiples of this multiple of 1/1000 of footprint.
121 MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 (10 * MIN_SBRK_FRAC)
123 # Add this much memory to big powers of two to get the bucket size.
126 # This many sbrk() discontinuities should be tolerated even
127 # from the start without deciding that sbrk() is usually
129 SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES 3
131 # This many continuous sbrk()s compensate for one discontinuous one.
132 SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE 50
134 # Some configurations may ask for 12-byte-or-so allocations which
135 # require 8-byte alignment (?!). In such situation one needs to
136 # define this to disable 12-byte bucket (will increase memory footprint)
137 STRICT_ALIGNMENT undef
139 # Do not allow configuration of runtime options at runtime
140 NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG undef
142 # Do not allow configuration of runtime options via $ENV{PERL_MALLOC_OPT}
143 NO_PERL_MALLOC_ENV undef
145 [The variable consists of ;-separated parts of the form CODE=VALUE
146 with 1-character codes F, M, f, A, P, G, d, a, c for runtime
147 configuration of FIRST_SBRK, MIN_SBRK, MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000,
148 SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES, SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE, sbrk_goodness,
149 filldead, fillalive, fillcheck. The last 3 are for DEBUGGING
150 build, and allow switching the tests for free()ed memory read,
151 uninit memory reads, and free()ed memory write.]
153 This implementation assumes that calling PerlIO_printf() does not
154 result in any memory allocation calls (used during a panic).
159 If used outside of Perl environment, it may be useful to redefine
160 the following macros (listed below with defaults):
162 # Type of address returned by allocation functions
165 # Type of size argument for allocation functions
166 MEM_SIZE unsigned long
171 # Maximal value in LONG
174 # Unsigned integer type big enough to keep a pointer
177 # Signed integer of the same sizeof() as UV
180 # Type of pointer with 1-byte granularity
183 # Type returned by free()
186 # Conversion of pointer to integer
187 PTR2UV(ptr) ((UV)(ptr))
189 # Conversion of integer to pointer
190 INT2PTR(type, i) ((type)(i))
192 # printf()-%-Conversion of UV to pointer
195 # printf()-%-Conversion of UV to hex pointer
201 # Very fatal condition reporting function (cannot call any )
202 fatalcroak(arg) write(2,arg,strlen(arg)) + exit(2)
204 # Fatal error reporting function
205 croak(format, arg) warn(idem) + exit(1)
207 # Fatal error reporting function
208 croak2(format, arg1, arg2) warn2(idem) + exit(1)
210 # Error reporting function
211 warn(format, arg) fprintf(stderr, idem)
213 # Error reporting function
214 warn2(format, arg1, arg2) fprintf(stderr, idem)
216 # Locking/unlocking for MT operation
217 MALLOC_LOCK MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex)
218 MALLOC_UNLOCK MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex)
220 # Locking/unlocking mutex for MT operation
225 #ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_CFG_H
226 # include "malloc_cfg.h"
229 #ifndef NO_FANCY_MALLOC
230 # ifndef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
231 # define SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
233 # ifndef BUCKETS_ROOT2
234 # define BUCKETS_ROOT2
236 # ifndef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
237 # define IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
241 #ifndef PLAIN_MALLOC /* Bulk enable features */
245 # ifndef TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
246 # define TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
248 # if (defined(PERL_CORE) || !defined(NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG)) && !defined(PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK)
249 # define PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK
251 # if defined(PERL_CORE) && !defined(DEBUGGING_MSTATS)
252 # define DEBUGGING_MSTATS
256 #define MIN_BUC_POW2 (sizeof(void*) > 4 ? 3 : 2) /* Allow for 4-byte arena. */
257 #define MIN_BUCKET (MIN_BUC_POW2 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
259 #if !(defined(I286) || defined(atarist) || defined(__MINT__))
260 /* take 2k unless the block is bigger than that */
261 # define LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA 11
263 /* take 16k unless the block is bigger than that
264 (80286s like large segments!), probably good on the atari too */
265 # define LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA 14
269 # if defined(DEBUGGING) && !defined(NO_RCHECK)
272 # if defined(DEBUGGING) && !defined(NO_RCHECK) && !defined(NO_MFILL) && !defined(MALLOC_FILL)
275 # if defined(DEBUGGING) && !defined(NO_RCHECK) && !defined(NO_FILL_CHECK) && !defined(MALLOC_FILL_CHECK)
276 # define MALLOC_FILL_CHECK
278 # if defined(RCHECK) && defined(IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE)
279 # undef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
282 * malloc.c (Caltech) 2/21/82
283 * Chris Kingsley, kingsley@cit-20.
285 * This is a very fast storage allocator. It allocates blocks of a small
286 * number of different sizes, and keeps free lists of each size. Blocks that
287 * don't exactly fit are passed up to the next larger size. In this
288 * implementation, the available sizes are 2^n-4 (or 2^n-12) bytes long.
289 * If PACK_MALLOC is defined, small blocks are 2^n bytes long.
290 * This is designed for use in a program that uses vast quantities of memory,
291 * but bombs when it runs out.
293 * Modifications Copyright Ilya Zakharevich 1996-99.
295 * Still very quick, but much more thrifty. (Std config is 10% slower
296 * than it was, and takes 67% of old heap size for typical usage.)
298 * Allocations of small blocks are now table-driven to many different
299 * buckets. Sizes of really big buckets are increased to accomodata
300 * common size=power-of-2 blocks. Running-out-of-memory is made into
301 * an exception. Deeply configurable and thread-safe.
307 # define PERL_IN_MALLOC_C
309 # if defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
310 # define croak Perl_croak_nocontext
311 # define croak2 Perl_croak_nocontext
312 # define warn Perl_warn_nocontext
313 # define warn2 Perl_warn_nocontext
315 # define croak2 croak
318 # if defined(USE_5005THREADS) || defined(USE_ITHREADS)
319 # define PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE PL_thr_key
321 # define PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE 1
325 # include "../EXTERN.h"
326 # include "../perl.h"
336 # define Malloc_t void *
342 # define MEM_SIZE unsigned long
345 # define LONG_MAX 0x7FFFFFFF
348 # define UV unsigned long
354 # define caddr_t char *
359 # define Copy(s,d,n,t) (void)memcpy((char*)(d),(char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t))
360 # define PerlEnv_getenv getenv
361 # define PerlIO_printf fprintf
362 # define PerlIO_stderr() stderr
363 # define PerlIO_puts(f,s) fputs(s,f)
365 # define INT2PTR(t,i) ((t)(i))
368 # define PTR2UV(p) ((UV)(p))
379 # ifndef MEM_ALIGNBYTES
380 # define MEM_ALIGNBYTES 4
383 # ifndef croak /* make depend */
384 # define croak(mess, arg) (warn((mess), (arg)), exit(1))
386 # ifndef croak2 /* make depend */
387 # define croak2(mess, arg1, arg2) (warn2((mess), (arg1), (arg2)), exit(1))
390 # define warn(mess, arg) fprintf(stderr, (mess), (arg))
393 # define warn2(mess, arg1, arg2) fprintf(stderr, (mess), (arg1), (arg2))
406 # define dTHX extern int Perl___notused PERL_UNUSED_DECL
408 # define dTHX extern int Perl___notused
410 # define WITH_THX(s) s
412 # ifndef PERL_GET_INTERP
413 # define PERL_GET_INTERP PL_curinterp
415 # define PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE 1
417 # define Perl_malloc malloc
420 # define Perl_mfree free
422 # ifndef Perl_realloc
423 # define Perl_realloc realloc
426 # define Perl_calloc calloc
429 # define Perl_strdup strdup
431 #endif /* defined PERL_CORE */
434 # define MUTEX_LOCK(l)
438 # define MUTEX_UNLOCK(l)
442 # define MALLOC_LOCK MUTEX_LOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex)
445 #ifndef MALLOC_UNLOCK
446 # define MALLOC_UNLOCK MUTEX_UNLOCK(&PL_malloc_mutex)
449 # ifndef fatalcroak /* make depend */
450 # define fatalcroak(mess) (write(2, (mess), strlen(mess)), exit(2))
455 # define DEBUG_m(a) \
457 if (PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE && PERL_GET_THX) { \
459 if (DEBUG_m_TEST) { \
460 PL_debug &= ~DEBUG_m_FLAG; \
462 PL_debug |= DEBUG_m_FLAG; \
468 #ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
469 # define PERL_IS_ALIVE aTHX
471 # define PERL_IS_ALIVE TRUE
478 * The memory is broken into "blocks" which occupy multiples of 2K (and
479 * generally speaking, have size "close" to a power of 2). The addresses
480 * of such *unused* blocks are kept in nextf[i] with big enough i. (nextf
481 * is an array of linked lists.) (Addresses of used blocks are not known.)
483 * Moreover, since the algorithm may try to "bite" smaller blocks out
484 * of unused bigger ones, there are also regions of "irregular" size,
485 * managed separately, by a linked list chunk_chain.
487 * The third type of storage is the sbrk()ed-but-not-yet-used space, its
488 * end and size are kept in last_sbrk_top and sbrked_remains.
490 * Growing blocks "in place":
491 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
492 * The address of the block with the greatest address is kept in last_op
493 * (if not known, last_op is 0). If it is known that the memory above
494 * last_op is not continuous, or contains a chunk from chunk_chain,
495 * last_op is set to 0.
497 * The chunk with address last_op may be grown by expanding into
498 * sbrk()ed-but-not-yet-used space, or trying to sbrk() more continuous
501 * Management of last_op:
502 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
504 * free() never changes the boundaries of blocks, so is not relevant.
506 * The only way realloc() may change the boundaries of blocks is if it
507 * grows a block "in place". However, in the case of success such a
508 * chunk is automatically last_op, and it remains last_op. In the case
509 * of failure getpages_adjacent() clears last_op.
511 * malloc() may change blocks by calling morecore() only.
513 * morecore() may create new blocks by:
514 * a) biting pieces from chunk_chain (cannot create one above last_op);
515 * b) biting a piece from an unused block (if block was last_op, this
516 * may create a chunk from chain above last_op, thus last_op is
517 * invalidated in such a case).
518 * c) biting of sbrk()ed-but-not-yet-used space. This creates
519 * a block which is last_op.
520 * d) Allocating new pages by calling getpages();
522 * getpages() creates a new block. It marks last_op at the bottom of
523 * the chunk of memory it returns.
525 * Active pages footprint:
526 * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
527 * Note that we do not need to traverse the lists in nextf[i], just take
528 * the first element of this list. However, we *need* to traverse the
529 * list in chunk_chain, but most the time it should be a very short one,
530 * so we do not step on a lot of pages we are not going to use.
534 * get_from_bigger_buckets(): forget to increment price => Quite
538 /* I don't much care whether these are defined in sys/types.h--LAW */
540 #define u_char unsigned char
541 #define u_int unsigned int
543 * I removed the definition of u_bigint which appeared to be u_bigint = UV
544 * u_bigint was only used in TWOK_MASKED and TWOK_SHIFT
545 * where I have used PTR2UV. RMB
547 #define u_short unsigned short
549 /* 286 and atarist like big chunks, which gives too much overhead. */
550 #if (defined(RCHECK) || defined(I286) || defined(atarist) || defined(__MINT__)) && defined(PACK_MALLOC)
555 * The description below is applicable if PACK_MALLOC is not defined.
557 * The overhead on a block is at least 4 bytes. When free, this space
558 * contains a pointer to the next free block, and the bottom two bits must
559 * be zero. When in use, the first byte is set to MAGIC, and the second
560 * byte is the size index. The remaining bytes are for alignment.
561 * If range checking is enabled and the size of the block fits
562 * in two bytes, then the top two bytes hold the size of the requested block
563 * plus the range checking words, and the header word MINUS ONE.
566 union overhead *ov_next; /* when free */
567 #if MEM_ALIGNBYTES > 4
568 double strut; /* alignment problems */
572 * Keep the ovu_index and ovu_magic in this order, having a char
573 * field first gives alignment indigestion in some systems, such as
576 u_char ovu_index; /* bucket # */
577 u_char ovu_magic; /* magic number */
579 /* Subtract one to fit into u_short for an extra bucket */
580 u_short ovu_size; /* block size (requested + overhead - 1) */
581 u_int ovu_rmagic; /* range magic number */
584 #define ov_magic ovu.ovu_magic
585 #define ov_index ovu.ovu_index
586 #define ov_size ovu.ovu_size
587 #define ov_rmagic ovu.ovu_rmagic
590 #define MAGIC 0xff /* magic # on accounting info */
591 #define RMAGIC 0x55555555 /* magic # on range info */
592 #define RMAGIC_C 0x55 /* magic # on range info */
595 # define RMAGIC_SZ sizeof (u_int) /* Overhead at end of bucket */
596 # ifdef TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
597 # define MAX_SHORT_BUCKET (12 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2) /* size-1 fits in short */
599 # define MAX_SHORT_BUCKET (13 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
605 #if !defined(PACK_MALLOC) && defined(BUCKETS_ROOT2)
606 # undef BUCKETS_ROOT2
610 # define BUCKET_TABLE_SHIFT 2
611 # define BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT 1
612 # define BUCKETS_PER_POW2 2
614 # define BUCKET_TABLE_SHIFT MIN_BUC_POW2
615 # define BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT 0
616 # define BUCKETS_PER_POW2 1
619 #if !defined(MEM_ALIGNBYTES) || ((MEM_ALIGNBYTES > 4) && !defined(STRICT_ALIGNMENT))
620 /* Figure out the alignment of void*. */
625 # define ALIGN_SMALL ((int)((caddr_t)&(((struct aligner*)0)->p)))
627 # define ALIGN_SMALL MEM_ALIGNBYTES
630 #define IF_ALIGN_8(yes,no) ((ALIGN_SMALL>4) ? (yes) : (no))
633 # define MAX_BUCKET_BY_TABLE 13
634 static u_short buck_size[MAX_BUCKET_BY_TABLE + 1] =
636 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 80,
638 # define BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(i) ((i) % 2 ? buck_size[i] : (1 << ((i) >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)))
639 # define BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i) ((i) <= MAX_BUCKET_BY_TABLE \
641 : ((1 << ((i) >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)) \
643 + POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(i)))
645 # define BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(i) (1 << ((i) >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT))
646 # define BUCKET_SIZE(i) (BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(i) + POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(i))
647 # define BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i) (BUCKET_SIZE(i) - MEM_OVERHEAD(i))
652 /* In this case there are several possible layout of arenas depending
653 * on the size. Arenas are of sizes multiple to 2K, 2K-aligned, and
654 * have a size close to a power of 2.
656 * Arenas of the size >= 4K keep one chunk only. Arenas of size 2K
657 * may keep one chunk or multiple chunks. Here are the possible
660 * # One chunk only, chunksize 2^k + SOMETHING - ALIGN, k >= 11
662 * INDEX MAGIC1 UNUSED CHUNK1
664 * # Multichunk with sanity checking and chunksize 2^k-ALIGN, k>7
666 * INDEX MAGIC1 MAGIC2 MAGIC3 UNUSED CHUNK1 CHUNK2 CHUNK3 ...
668 * # Multichunk with sanity checking and size 2^k-ALIGN, k=7
670 * INDEX MAGIC1 MAGIC2 MAGIC3 UNUSED CHUNK1 UNUSED CHUNK2 CHUNK3 ...
672 * # Multichunk with sanity checking and size up to 80
674 * INDEX UNUSED MAGIC1 UNUSED MAGIC2 UNUSED ... CHUNK1 CHUNK2 CHUNK3 ...
676 * # No sanity check (usually up to 48=byte-long buckets)
677 * INDEX UNUSED CHUNK1 CHUNK2 ...
679 * Above INDEX and MAGIC are one-byte-long. Sizes of UNUSED are
680 * appropriate to keep algorithms simple and memory aligned. INDEX
681 * encodes the size of the chunk, while MAGICn encodes state (used,
682 * free or non-managed-by-us-so-it-indicates-a-bug) of CHUNKn. MAGIC
683 * is used for sanity checking purposes only. SOMETHING is 0 or 4K
684 * (to make size of big CHUNK accomodate allocations for powers of two
687 * [There is no need to alignment between chunks, since C rules ensure
688 * that structs which need 2^k alignment have sizeof which is
689 * divisible by 2^k. Thus as far as the last chunk is aligned at the
690 * end of the arena, and 2K-alignment does not contradict things,
691 * everything is going to be OK for sizes of chunks 2^n and 2^n +
692 * 2^k. Say, 80-bit buckets will be 16-bit aligned, and as far as we
693 * put allocations for requests in 65..80 range, all is fine.
695 * Note, however, that standard malloc() puts more strict
696 * requirements than the above C rules. Moreover, our algorithms of
697 * realloc() may break this idyll, but we suppose that realloc() does
698 * need not change alignment.]
700 * Is very important to make calculation of the offset of MAGICm as
701 * quick as possible, since it is done on each malloc()/free(). In
702 * fact it is so quick that it has quite little effect on the speed of
703 * doing malloc()/free(). [By default] We forego such calculations
704 * for small chunks, but only to save extra 3% of memory, not because
705 * of speed considerations.
707 * Here is the algorithm [which is the same for all the allocations
708 * schemes above], see OV_MAGIC(block,bucket). Let OFFSETm be the
709 * offset of the CHUNKm from the start of ARENA. Then offset of
710 * MAGICm is (OFFSET1 >> SHIFT) + ADDOFFSET. Here SHIFT and ADDOFFSET
711 * are numbers which depend on the size of the chunks only.
713 * Let as check some sanity conditions. Numbers OFFSETm>>SHIFT are
714 * different for all the chunks in the arena if 2^SHIFT is not greater
715 * than size of the chunks in the arena. MAGIC1 will not overwrite
716 * INDEX provided ADDOFFSET is >0 if OFFSET1 < 2^SHIFT. MAGIClast
717 * will not overwrite CHUNK1 if OFFSET1 > (OFFSETlast >> SHIFT) +
720 * Make SHIFT the maximal possible (there is no point in making it
721 * smaller). Since OFFSETlast is 2K - CHUNKSIZE, above restrictions
722 * give restrictions on OFFSET1 and on ADDOFFSET.
724 * In particular, for chunks of size 2^k with k>=6 we can put
725 * ADDOFFSET to be from 0 to 2^k - 2^(11-k), and have
726 * OFFSET1==chunksize. For chunks of size 80 OFFSET1 of 2K%80=48 is
727 * large enough to have ADDOFFSET between 1 and 16 (similarly for 96,
728 * when ADDOFFSET should be 1). In particular, keeping MAGICs for
729 * these sizes gives no additional size penalty.
731 * However, for chunks of size 2^k with k<=5 this gives OFFSET1 >=
732 * ADDOFSET + 2^(11-k). Keeping ADDOFFSET 0 allows for 2^(11-k)-2^(11-2k)
733 * chunks per arena. This is smaller than 2^(11-k) - 1 which are
734 * needed if no MAGIC is kept. [In fact, having a negative ADDOFFSET
735 * would allow for slightly more buckets per arena for k=2,3.]
737 * Similarly, for chunks of size 3/2*2^k with k<=5 MAGICs would span
738 * the area up to 2^(11-k)+ADDOFFSET. For k=4 this give optimal
739 * ADDOFFSET as -7..0. For k=3 ADDOFFSET can go up to 4 (with tiny
740 * savings for negative ADDOFFSET). For k=5 ADDOFFSET can go -1..16
741 * (with no savings for negative values).
743 * In particular, keeping ADDOFFSET 0 for sizes of chunks up to 2^6
744 * leads to tiny pessimizations in case of sizes 4, 8, 12, 24, and
745 * leads to no contradictions except for size=80 (or 96.)
747 * However, it also makes sense to keep no magic for sizes 48 or less.
748 * This is what we do. In this case one needs ADDOFFSET>=1 also for
749 * chunksizes 12, 24, and 48, unless one gets one less chunk per
752 * The algo of OV_MAGIC(block,bucket) keeps ADDOFFSET 0 until
753 * chunksize of 64, then makes it 1.
755 * This allows for an additional optimization: the above scheme leads
756 * to giant overheads for sizes 128 or more (one whole chunk needs to
757 * be sacrifised to keep INDEX). Instead we use chunks not of size
758 * 2^k, but of size 2^k-ALIGN. If we pack these chunks at the end of
759 * the arena, then the beginnings are still in different 2^k-long
760 * sections of the arena if k>=7 for ALIGN==4, and k>=8 if ALIGN=8.
761 * Thus for k>7 the above algo of calculating the offset of the magic
762 * will still give different answers for different chunks. And to
763 * avoid the overrun of MAGIC1 into INDEX, one needs ADDOFFSET of >=1.
764 * In the case k=7 we just move the first chunk an extra ALIGN
765 * backward inside the ARENA (this is done once per arena lifetime,
766 * thus is not a big overhead). */
767 # define MAX_PACKED_POW2 6
768 # define MAX_PACKED (MAX_PACKED_POW2 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2 + BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)
769 # define MAX_POW2_ALGO ((1<<(MAX_PACKED_POW2 + 1)) - M_OVERHEAD)
770 # define TWOK_MASK ((1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) - 1)
771 # define TWOK_MASKED(x) (PTR2UV(x) & ~TWOK_MASK)
772 # define TWOK_SHIFT(x) (PTR2UV(x) & TWOK_MASK)
773 # define OV_INDEXp(block) (INT2PTR(u_char*,TWOK_MASKED(block)))
774 # define OV_INDEX(block) (*OV_INDEXp(block))
775 # define OV_MAGIC(block,bucket) (*(OV_INDEXp(block) + \
776 (TWOK_SHIFT(block)>> \
777 (bucket>>BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)) + \
778 (bucket >= MIN_NEEDS_SHIFT ? 1 : 0)))
779 /* A bucket can have a shift smaller than it size, we need to
780 shift its magic number so it will not overwrite index: */
781 # ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
782 # define MIN_NEEDS_SHIFT (7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 - 1) /* Shift 80 greater than chunk 64. */
784 # define MIN_NEEDS_SHIFT (7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) /* Shift 128 greater than chunk 32. */
786 # define CHUNK_SHIFT 0
788 /* Number of active buckets of given ordinal. */
789 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
790 #define FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK (6 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2) /* 64 */
791 # define N_BLKS(bucket) ( (bucket) < FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK \
792 ? ((1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) - 1)/BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(bucket) \
795 # define N_BLKS(bucket) n_blks[bucket]
798 static u_short n_blks[LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA * BUCKETS_PER_POW2] =
800 # if BUCKETS_PER_POW2==1
802 (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 384 : 0),
803 224, 120, 62, 31, 16, 8, 4, 2
806 (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 384 : 0), (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 384 : 0), /* 4, 4 */
807 224, 149, 120, 80, 62, 41, 31, 25, 16, 16, 8, 8, 4, 4, 2, 2
811 /* Shift of the first bucket with the given ordinal inside 2K chunk. */
812 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
813 # define BLK_SHIFT(bucket) ( (bucket) < FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK \
814 ? ((1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) \
815 - BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(bucket) * N_BLKS(bucket)) \
818 # define BLK_SHIFT(bucket) blk_shift[bucket]
821 static u_short blk_shift[LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA * BUCKETS_PER_POW2] =
823 # if BUCKETS_PER_POW2==1
825 (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 512 : 0),
826 256, 128, 64, 64, /* 8 to 64 */
827 16*sizeof(union overhead),
828 8*sizeof(union overhead),
829 4*sizeof(union overhead),
830 2*sizeof(union overhead),
833 (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 512 : 0), (MIN_BUC_POW2==2 ? 512 : 0),
834 256, 260, 128, 128, 64, 80, 64, 48, /* 8 to 96 */
835 16*sizeof(union overhead), 16*sizeof(union overhead),
836 8*sizeof(union overhead), 8*sizeof(union overhead),
837 4*sizeof(union overhead), 4*sizeof(union overhead),
838 2*sizeof(union overhead), 2*sizeof(union overhead),
842 # define NEEDED_ALIGNMENT 0x800 /* 2k boundaries */
843 # define WANTED_ALIGNMENT 0x800 /* 2k boundaries */
845 #else /* !PACK_MALLOC */
847 # define OV_MAGIC(block,bucket) (block)->ov_magic
848 # define OV_INDEX(block) (block)->ov_index
849 # define CHUNK_SHIFT 1
850 # define MAX_PACKED -1
851 # define NEEDED_ALIGNMENT MEM_ALIGNBYTES
852 # define WANTED_ALIGNMENT 0x400 /* 1k boundaries */
854 #endif /* !PACK_MALLOC */
856 #define M_OVERHEAD (sizeof(union overhead) + RMAGIC_SZ) /* overhead at start+end */
859 # define MEM_OVERHEAD(bucket) \
860 (bucket <= MAX_PACKED ? 0 : M_OVERHEAD)
861 # ifdef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
862 # define START_SHIFTS_BUCKET ((MAX_PACKED_POW2 + 1) * BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
863 # define START_SHIFT MAX_PACKED_POW2
864 # ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2 /* Chunks of size 3*2^n. */
865 # define SIZE_TABLE_MAX 80
867 # define SIZE_TABLE_MAX 64
869 static char bucket_of[] =
871 # ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2 /* Chunks of size 3*2^n. */
872 /* 0 to 15 in 4-byte increments. */
873 (sizeof(void*) > 4 ? 6 : 5), /* 4/8, 5-th bucket for better reports */
875 IF_ALIGN_8(8,7), 8, /* 16/12, 16 */
876 9, 9, 10, 10, /* 24, 32 */
877 11, 11, 11, 11, /* 48 */
878 12, 12, 12, 12, /* 64 */
879 13, 13, 13, 13, /* 80 */
880 13, 13, 13, 13 /* 80 */
881 # else /* !BUCKETS_ROOT2 */
882 /* 0 to 15 in 4-byte increments. */
883 (sizeof(void*) > 4 ? 3 : 2),
889 # endif /* !BUCKETS_ROOT2 */
891 # else /* !SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE */
892 # define START_SHIFTS_BUCKET MIN_BUCKET
893 # define START_SHIFT (MIN_BUC_POW2 - 1)
894 # endif /* !SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE */
895 #else /* !PACK_MALLOC */
896 # define MEM_OVERHEAD(bucket) M_OVERHEAD
897 # ifdef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
898 # undef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
900 # define START_SHIFTS_BUCKET MIN_BUCKET
901 # define START_SHIFT (MIN_BUC_POW2 - 1)
902 #endif /* !PACK_MALLOC */
905 * Big allocations are often of the size 2^n bytes. To make them a
906 * little bit better, make blocks of size 2^n+pagesize for big n.
909 #ifdef TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
911 # ifndef PERL_PAGESIZE
912 # define PERL_PAGESIZE 4096
914 # ifndef FIRST_BIG_POW2
915 # define FIRST_BIG_POW2 15 /* 32K, 16K is used too often. */
917 # define FIRST_BIG_BLOCK (1<<FIRST_BIG_POW2)
918 /* If this value or more, check against bigger blocks. */
919 # define FIRST_BIG_BOUND (FIRST_BIG_BLOCK - M_OVERHEAD)
920 /* If less than this value, goes into 2^n-overhead-block. */
921 # define LAST_SMALL_BOUND ((FIRST_BIG_BLOCK>>1) - M_OVERHEAD)
923 # define POW2_OPTIMIZE_ADJUST(nbytes) \
924 ((nbytes >= FIRST_BIG_BOUND) ? nbytes -= PERL_PAGESIZE : 0)
925 # define POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(bucket) \
926 ((bucket >= FIRST_BIG_POW2 * BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? PERL_PAGESIZE : 0)
928 #else /* !TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE */
929 # define POW2_OPTIMIZE_ADJUST(nbytes)
930 # define POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(bucket) 0
931 #endif /* !TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE */
933 #if defined(HAS_64K_LIMIT) && defined(PERL_CORE)
934 # define BARK_64K_LIMIT(what,nbytes,size) \
935 if (nbytes > 0xffff) { \
936 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(), \
937 "%s too large: %lx\n", what, size); \
940 #else /* !HAS_64K_LIMIT || !PERL_CORE */
941 # define BARK_64K_LIMIT(what,nbytes,size)
942 #endif /* !HAS_64K_LIMIT || !PERL_CORE */
945 # define MIN_SBRK 2048
949 # define FIRST_SBRK (48*1024)
952 /* Minimal sbrk in percents of what is already alloced. */
953 #ifndef MIN_SBRK_FRAC
954 # define MIN_SBRK_FRAC 3
957 #ifndef SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES
958 # define SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES 3
961 #ifndef SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE
962 # define SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE 50
965 static void morecore (register int bucket);
966 # if defined(DEBUGGING)
967 static void botch (char *diag, char *s, char *file, int line);
969 static void add_to_chain (void *p, MEM_SIZE size, MEM_SIZE chip);
970 static void* get_from_chain (MEM_SIZE size);
971 static void* get_from_bigger_buckets(int bucket, MEM_SIZE size);
972 static union overhead *getpages (MEM_SIZE needed, int *nblksp, int bucket);
973 static int getpages_adjacent(MEM_SIZE require);
977 #ifdef I_MACH_CTHREADS
979 # define MUTEX_LOCK(m) STMT_START { if (*m) mutex_lock(*m); } STMT_END
981 # define MUTEX_UNLOCK(m) STMT_START { if (*m) mutex_unlock(*m); } STMT_END
984 #endif /* defined PERL_CORE */
987 # define PTRSIZE sizeof(void*)
991 # define BITS_IN_PTR (8*PTRSIZE)
995 * nextf[i] is the pointer to the next free block of size 2^i. The
996 * smallest allocatable block is 8 bytes. The overhead information
997 * precedes the data area returned to the user.
999 #define NBUCKETS (BITS_IN_PTR*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 + 1)
1000 static union overhead *nextf[NBUCKETS];
1002 #if defined(PURIFY) && !defined(USE_PERL_SBRK)
1003 # define USE_PERL_SBRK
1006 #ifdef USE_PERL_SBRK
1007 # define sbrk(a) Perl_sbrk(a)
1008 Malloc_t Perl_sbrk (int size);
1010 # ifndef HAS_SBRK_PROTO /* <unistd.h> usually takes care of this */
1011 extern Malloc_t sbrk(int);
1015 #ifndef MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 /* Backward compatibility */
1016 # define MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 (MIN_SBRK_FRAC * 10)
1019 #ifndef START_EXTERN_C
1021 # define START_EXTERN_C extern "C" {
1023 # define START_EXTERN_C
1027 #ifndef END_EXTERN_C
1029 # define END_EXTERN_C };
1031 # define END_EXTERN_C
1035 #include "malloc_ctl.h"
1037 #ifndef NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG
1038 # define PERL_MALLOC_OPT_CHARS "FMfAPGdac"
1040 # ifndef FILL_DEAD_DEFAULT
1041 # define FILL_DEAD_DEFAULT 1
1043 # ifndef FILL_ALIVE_DEFAULT
1044 # define FILL_ALIVE_DEFAULT 1
1046 # ifndef FILL_CHECK_DEFAULT
1047 # define FILL_CHECK_DEFAULT 1
1050 static IV MallocCfg[MallocCfg_last] = {
1054 SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES,
1056 SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES * SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE, /* sbrk_goodness */
1057 FILL_DEAD_DEFAULT, /* FILL_DEAD */
1058 FILL_ALIVE_DEFAULT, /* FILL_ALIVE */
1059 FILL_CHECK_DEFAULT, /* FILL_CHECK */
1060 0, /* MallocCfg_skip_cfg_env */
1061 0, /* MallocCfg_cfg_env_read */
1062 0, /* MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_size */
1063 0, /* MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size */
1064 0 /* MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_last_req */
1066 IV *MallocCfg_ptr = MallocCfg;
1070 # undef MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000
1071 # undef SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES
1072 # undef SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE
1074 # define MIN_SBRK MallocCfg[MallocCfg_MIN_SBRK]
1075 # define FIRST_SBRK MallocCfg[MallocCfg_FIRST_SBRK]
1076 # define MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 MallocCfg[MallocCfg_MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000]
1077 # define SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES MallocCfg[MallocCfg_SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES]
1078 # define SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE MallocCfg[MallocCfg_SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE]
1080 # define sbrk_goodness MallocCfg[MallocCfg_sbrk_goodness]
1082 # define emergency_buffer_size MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_size]
1083 # define emergency_buffer_last_req MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_last_req]
1085 # define FILL_DEAD MallocCfg[MallocCfg_filldead]
1086 # define FILL_ALIVE MallocCfg[MallocCfg_fillalive]
1087 # define FILL_CHECK_CFG MallocCfg[MallocCfg_fillcheck]
1088 # define FILL_CHECK (FILL_DEAD && FILL_CHECK_CFG)
1090 #else /* defined(NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG) */
1092 # define FILL_DEAD 1
1093 # define FILL_ALIVE 1
1094 # define FILL_CHECK 1
1095 static int sbrk_goodness = SBRK_ALLOW_FAILURES * SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE;
1097 # define NO_PERL_MALLOC_ENV
1101 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1103 * nmalloc[i] is the difference between the number of mallocs and frees
1104 * for a given block size.
1106 static u_int nmalloc[NBUCKETS];
1107 static u_int sbrk_slack;
1108 static u_int start_slack;
1109 #else /* !( defined DEBUGGING_MSTATS ) */
1110 # define sbrk_slack 0
1113 static u_int goodsbrk;
1115 #ifdef PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK
1118 # define BIG_SIZE (1<<16) /* 64K */
1121 static char *emergency_buffer;
1122 static char *emergency_buffer_prepared;
1124 # ifdef NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG
1125 static MEM_SIZE emergency_buffer_size;
1126 /* 0 if the last request for more memory succeeded.
1127 Otherwise the size of the failing request. */
1128 static MEM_SIZE emergency_buffer_last_req;
1131 # ifndef emergency_sbrk_croak
1132 # define emergency_sbrk_croak croak2
1137 perl_get_emergency_buffer(IV *size)
1140 /* First offense, give a possibility to recover by dieing. */
1141 /* No malloc involved here: */
1142 GV **gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "^M", 2, 0);
1147 if (!gvp) gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "\015", 1, 0);
1148 if (!gvp || !(sv = GvSV(*gvp)) || !SvPOK(sv)
1149 || (SvLEN(sv) < (1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) - M_OVERHEAD))
1150 return NULL; /* Now die die die... */
1151 /* Got it, now detach SvPV: */
1153 /* Check alignment: */
1154 if ((PTR2UV(pv) - sizeof(union overhead)) & (NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1)) {
1155 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),"Bad alignment of $^M!\n");
1156 return NULL; /* die die die */
1161 SvCUR(sv) = SvLEN(sv) = 0;
1162 *size = malloced_size(pv) + M_OVERHEAD;
1163 return pv - sizeof(union overhead);
1165 # define PERL_GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(p) perl_get_emergency_buffer(p)
1167 # define PERL_GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(p) NULL
1168 # endif /* defined PERL_CORE */
1170 # ifndef NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG
1172 get_emergency_buffer(IV *size)
1174 char *pv = emergency_buffer_prepared;
1176 *size = MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size];
1177 emergency_buffer_prepared = 0;
1178 MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size] = 0;
1182 /* Returns 0 on success, -1 on bad alignment, -2 if not implemented */
1184 set_emergency_buffer(char *b, IV size)
1186 if (PTR2UV(b) & (NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1))
1188 if (MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size])
1189 add_to_chain((void*)emergency_buffer_prepared,
1190 MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size], 0);
1191 emergency_buffer_prepared = b;
1192 MallocCfg[MallocCfg_emergency_buffer_prepared_size] = size;
1195 # define GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(p) get_emergency_buffer(p)
1196 # else /* NO_MALLOC_DYNAMIC_CFG */
1197 # define GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(p) NULL
1199 set_emergency_buffer(char *b, IV size)
1206 emergency_sbrk(MEM_SIZE size)
1208 MEM_SIZE rsize = (((size - 1)>>LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA) + 1)<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA;
1210 if (size >= BIG_SIZE
1211 && (!emergency_buffer_last_req || (size < emergency_buffer_last_req))) {
1212 /* Give the possibility to recover, but avoid an infinite cycle. */
1214 emergency_buffer_last_req = size;
1215 emergency_sbrk_croak("Out of memory during \"large\" request for %"UVuf" bytes, total sbrk() is %"UVuf" bytes", (UV)size, (UV)(goodsbrk + sbrk_slack));
1218 if (emergency_buffer_size >= rsize) {
1219 char *old = emergency_buffer;
1221 emergency_buffer_size -= rsize;
1222 emergency_buffer += rsize;
1225 /* First offense, give a possibility to recover by dieing. */
1226 /* No malloc involved here: */
1228 char *pv = GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(&Size);
1231 if (emergency_buffer_size) {
1232 add_to_chain(emergency_buffer, emergency_buffer_size, 0);
1233 emergency_buffer_size = 0;
1234 emergency_buffer = Nullch;
1239 pv = PERL_GET_EMERGENCY_BUFFER(&Size);
1243 return (char *)-1; /* Now die die die... */
1246 /* Check alignment: */
1247 if (PTR2UV(pv) & (NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1)) {
1250 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),"Bad alignment of $^M!\n");
1251 return (char *)-1; /* die die die */
1254 emergency_buffer = pv;
1255 emergency_buffer_size = Size;
1259 emergency_sbrk_croak("Out of memory during request for %"UVuf" bytes, total sbrk() is %"UVuf" bytes", (UV)size, (UV)(goodsbrk + sbrk_slack));
1264 #else /* !defined(PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK) */
1265 # define emergency_sbrk(size) -1
1266 #endif /* defined PERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK */
1271 write(2, mess, strlen(mess));
1276 #define ASSERT(p,diag) if (!(p)) botch(diag,STRINGIFY(p),__FILE__,__LINE__); else
1278 botch(char *diag, char *s, char *file, int line)
1280 if (!(PERL_MAYBE_ALIVE && PERL_GET_THX))
1284 if (PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
1285 "assertion botched (%s?): %s %s:%d\n",
1286 diag, s, file, line) != 0) {
1287 do_write: /* Can be initializing interpreter */
1288 write2("assertion botched (");
1297 char *s = linebuf + sizeof(linebuf) - 1;
1301 *--s = '0' + (n % 10);
1311 #define ASSERT(p, diag)
1315 /* Fill should be long enough to cover long */
1317 fill_pat_4bytes(unsigned char *s, size_t nbytes, const unsigned char *fill)
1319 unsigned char *e = s + nbytes;
1321 long lfill = *(long*)fill;
1323 if (PTR2UV(s) & (sizeof(long)-1)) { /* Align the pattern */
1324 int shift = sizeof(long) - (PTR2UV(s) & (sizeof(long)-1));
1325 unsigned const char *f = fill + sizeof(long) - shift;
1326 unsigned char *e1 = s + shift;
1332 while ((unsigned char*)(lp + 1) <= e)
1334 s = (unsigned char*)lp;
1338 /* Just malloc()ed */
1339 static const unsigned char fill_feedadad[] =
1340 {0xFE, 0xED, 0xAD, 0xAD, 0xFE, 0xED, 0xAD, 0xAD,
1341 0xFE, 0xED, 0xAD, 0xAD, 0xFE, 0xED, 0xAD, 0xAD};
1343 static const unsigned char fill_deadbeef[] =
1344 {0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF,
1345 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF};
1346 # define FILL_DEADBEEF(s, n) \
1347 (void)(FILL_DEAD? (fill_pat_4bytes((s), (n), fill_deadbeef), 0) : 0)
1348 # define FILL_FEEDADAD(s, n) \
1349 (void)(FILL_ALIVE? (fill_pat_4bytes((s), (n), fill_feedadad), 0) : 0)
1351 # define FILL_DEADBEEF(s, n) ((void)0)
1352 # define FILL_FEEDADAD(s, n) ((void)0)
1353 # undef MALLOC_FILL_CHECK
1356 #ifdef MALLOC_FILL_CHECK
1358 cmp_pat_4bytes(unsigned char *s, size_t nbytes, const unsigned char *fill)
1360 unsigned char *e = s + nbytes;
1362 long lfill = *(long*)fill;
1364 if (PTR2UV(s) & (sizeof(long)-1)) { /* Align the pattern */
1365 int shift = sizeof(long) - (PTR2UV(s) & (sizeof(long)-1));
1366 unsigned const char *f = fill + sizeof(long) - shift;
1367 unsigned char *e1 = s + shift;
1374 while ((unsigned char*)(lp + 1) <= e)
1377 s = (unsigned char*)lp;
1379 if (*s++ != *fill++)
1383 # define FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF(s, n) \
1384 ASSERT(!FILL_CHECK || !cmp_pat_4bytes(s, n, fill_deadbeef), \
1385 "free()ed/realloc()ed-away memory was overwritten")
1387 # define FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF(s, n) ((void)0)
1391 Perl_malloc(register size_t nbytes)
1393 register union overhead *p;
1394 register int bucket;
1395 register MEM_SIZE shiftr;
1397 #if defined(DEBUGGING) || defined(RCHECK)
1398 MEM_SIZE size = nbytes;
1401 BARK_64K_LIMIT("Allocation",nbytes,nbytes);
1403 if ((long)nbytes < 0)
1404 croak("%s", "panic: malloc");
1408 * Convert amount of memory requested into
1409 * closest block size stored in hash buckets
1410 * which satisfies request. Account for
1411 * space used per block for accounting.
1414 # ifdef SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE
1416 bucket = MIN_BUCKET;
1417 else if (nbytes <= SIZE_TABLE_MAX) {
1418 bucket = bucket_of[(nbytes - 1) >> BUCKET_TABLE_SHIFT];
1423 if (nbytes <= MAX_POW2_ALGO) goto do_shifts;
1428 POW2_OPTIMIZE_ADJUST(nbytes);
1429 nbytes += M_OVERHEAD;
1430 nbytes = (nbytes + 3) &~ 3;
1431 #if defined(PACK_MALLOC) && !defined(SMALL_BUCKET_VIA_TABLE)
1434 shiftr = (nbytes - 1) >> START_SHIFT;
1435 bucket = START_SHIFTS_BUCKET;
1436 /* apart from this loop, this is O(1) */
1437 while (shiftr >>= 1)
1438 bucket += BUCKETS_PER_POW2;
1442 * If nothing in hash bucket right now,
1443 * request more memory from the system.
1445 if (nextf[bucket] == NULL)
1447 if ((p = nextf[bucket]) == NULL) {
1453 #if defined(PLAIN_MALLOC) && defined(NO_FANCY_MALLOC)
1454 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),"Out of memory!\n");
1457 char *eb = buff + sizeof(buff) - 1;
1461 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),"Out of memory during request for ");
1462 #if defined(DEBUGGING) || defined(RCHECK)
1467 *--s = '0' + (n % 10);
1469 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),s);
1470 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr()," bytes, total sbrk() is ");
1472 n = goodsbrk + sbrk_slack;
1474 *--s = '0' + (n % 10);
1476 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr(),s);
1477 PerlIO_puts(PerlIO_stderr()," bytes!\n");
1478 #endif /* defined(PLAIN_MALLOC) && defined(NO_FANCY_MALLOC) */
1486 /* remove from linked list */
1488 if ( (PTR2UV(p) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1))
1489 /* Can't get this low */
1490 || (p && PTR2UV(p) < (1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA)) ) {
1492 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
1493 "Unaligned pointer in the free chain 0x%"UVxf"\n",
1496 if ( (PTR2UV(p->ov_next) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1))
1497 || (p->ov_next && PTR2UV(p->ov_next) < (1<<LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA)) ) {
1499 PerlIO_printf(PerlIO_stderr(),
1500 "Unaligned `next' pointer in the free "
1501 "chain 0x%"UVxf" at 0x%"UVxf"\n",
1502 PTR2UV(p->ov_next), PTR2UV(p));
1505 nextf[bucket] = p->ov_next;
1509 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1510 "0x%"UVxf": (%05lu) malloc %ld bytes\n",
1511 PTR2UV((Malloc_t)(p + CHUNK_SHIFT)), (unsigned long)(PL_an++),
1514 FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)(p + CHUNK_SHIFT),
1515 BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(bucket) + RMAGIC_SZ);
1517 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
1518 if (bucket >= FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK)
1520 OV_MAGIC(p, bucket) = MAGIC;
1522 OV_INDEX(p) = bucket;
1526 * Record allocated size of block and
1527 * bound space with magic numbers.
1529 p->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC;
1530 if (bucket <= MAX_SHORT_BUCKET) {
1533 nbytes = size + M_OVERHEAD;
1534 p->ov_size = nbytes - 1;
1535 if ((i = nbytes & (RMAGIC_SZ-1))) {
1537 while (i--) /* nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ is end of alloced area */
1538 ((caddr_t)p + nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ)[i] = RMAGIC_C;
1540 /* Same at RMAGIC_SZ-aligned RMAGIC */
1541 nbytes = (nbytes + RMAGIC_SZ - 1) & ~(RMAGIC_SZ - 1);
1542 ((u_int *)((caddr_t)p + nbytes))[-1] = RMAGIC;
1544 FILL_FEEDADAD((unsigned char *)(p + CHUNK_SHIFT), size);
1546 return ((Malloc_t)(p + CHUNK_SHIFT));
1549 static char *last_sbrk_top;
1550 static char *last_op; /* This arena can be easily extended. */
1551 static MEM_SIZE sbrked_remains;
1553 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1557 struct chunk_chain_s {
1558 struct chunk_chain_s *next;
1561 static struct chunk_chain_s *chunk_chain;
1562 static int n_chunks;
1563 static char max_bucket;
1565 /* Cutoff a piece of one of the chunks in the chain. Prefer smaller chunk. */
1567 get_from_chain(MEM_SIZE size)
1569 struct chunk_chain_s *elt = chunk_chain, **oldp = &chunk_chain;
1570 struct chunk_chain_s **oldgoodp = NULL;
1571 long min_remain = LONG_MAX;
1574 if (elt->size >= size) {
1575 long remains = elt->size - size;
1576 if (remains >= 0 && remains < min_remain) {
1578 min_remain = remains;
1584 oldp = &( elt->next );
1587 if (!oldgoodp) return NULL;
1589 void *ret = *oldgoodp;
1590 struct chunk_chain_s *next = (*oldgoodp)->next;
1592 *oldgoodp = (struct chunk_chain_s *)((char*)ret + size);
1593 (*oldgoodp)->size = min_remain;
1594 (*oldgoodp)->next = next;
1597 void *ret = *oldgoodp;
1598 *oldgoodp = (*oldgoodp)->next;
1605 add_to_chain(void *p, MEM_SIZE size, MEM_SIZE chip)
1607 struct chunk_chain_s *next = chunk_chain;
1608 char *cp = (char*)p;
1611 chunk_chain = (struct chunk_chain_s *)cp;
1612 chunk_chain->size = size - chip;
1613 chunk_chain->next = next;
1618 get_from_bigger_buckets(int bucket, MEM_SIZE size)
1621 static int bucketprice[NBUCKETS];
1622 while (bucket <= max_bucket) {
1623 /* We postpone stealing from bigger buckets until we want it
1625 if (nextf[bucket] && bucketprice[bucket]++ >= price) {
1627 void *ret = (void*)(nextf[bucket] - 1 + CHUNK_SHIFT);
1628 bucketprice[bucket] = 0;
1629 if (((char*)nextf[bucket]) - M_OVERHEAD == last_op) {
1630 last_op = NULL; /* Disable optimization */
1632 nextf[bucket] = nextf[bucket]->ov_next;
1633 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1635 start_slack -= M_OVERHEAD;
1637 add_to_chain(ret, (BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(bucket) +
1638 POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(bucket)),
1647 static union overhead *
1648 getpages(MEM_SIZE needed, int *nblksp, int bucket)
1650 /* Need to do (possibly expensive) system call. Try to
1651 optimize it for rare calling. */
1652 MEM_SIZE require = needed - sbrked_remains;
1654 union overhead *ovp;
1657 if (sbrk_goodness > 0) {
1658 if (!last_sbrk_top && require < FIRST_SBRK)
1659 require = FIRST_SBRK;
1660 else if (require < MIN_SBRK) require = MIN_SBRK;
1662 if (require < goodsbrk * MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 / 1000)
1663 require = goodsbrk * MIN_SBRK_FRAC1000 / 1000;
1664 require = ((require - 1 + MIN_SBRK) / MIN_SBRK) * MIN_SBRK;
1671 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1672 "sbrk(%ld) for %ld-byte-long arena\n",
1673 (long)require, (long) needed));
1674 cp = (char *)sbrk(require);
1675 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1678 if (cp == last_sbrk_top) {
1679 /* Common case, anything is fine. */
1681 ovp = (union overhead *) (cp - sbrked_remains);
1682 last_op = cp - sbrked_remains;
1683 sbrked_remains = require - (needed - sbrked_remains);
1684 } else if (cp == (char *)-1) { /* no more room! */
1685 ovp = (union overhead *)emergency_sbrk(needed);
1686 if (ovp == (union overhead *)-1)
1688 if (((char*)ovp) > last_op) { /* Cannot happen with current emergency_sbrk() */
1692 } else { /* Non-continuous or first sbrk(). */
1693 long add = sbrked_remains;
1696 if (sbrked_remains) { /* Put rest into chain, we
1697 cannot use it right now. */
1698 add_to_chain((void*)(last_sbrk_top - sbrked_remains),
1702 /* Second, check alignment. */
1705 #if !defined(atarist) && !defined(__MINT__) /* on the atari we dont have to worry about this */
1706 # ifndef I286 /* The sbrk(0) call on the I286 always returns the next segment */
1707 /* WANTED_ALIGNMENT may be more than NEEDED_ALIGNMENT, but this may
1708 improve performance of memory access. */
1709 if (PTR2UV(cp) & (WANTED_ALIGNMENT - 1)) { /* Not aligned. */
1710 slack = WANTED_ALIGNMENT - (PTR2UV(cp) & (WANTED_ALIGNMENT - 1));
1714 #endif /* !atarist && !MINT */
1717 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1718 "sbrk(%ld) to fix non-continuous/off-page sbrk:\n\t%ld for alignement,\t%ld were assumed to come from the tail of the previous sbrk\n",
1719 (long)add, (long) slack,
1720 (long) sbrked_remains));
1721 newcp = (char *)sbrk(add);
1722 #if defined(DEBUGGING_MSTATS)
1726 if (newcp != cp + require) {
1727 /* Too bad: even rounding sbrk() is not continuous.*/
1728 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1729 "failed to fix bad sbrk()\n"));
1733 fatalcroak("panic: Off-page sbrk\n");
1736 if (sbrked_remains) {
1738 #if defined(DEBUGGING_MSTATS)
1739 sbrk_slack += require;
1742 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1743 "straight sbrk(%ld)\n",
1745 cp = (char *)sbrk(require);
1746 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1749 if (cp == (char *)-1)
1752 sbrk_goodness = -1; /* Disable optimization!
1753 Continue with not-aligned... */
1756 require += sbrked_remains;
1760 if (last_sbrk_top) {
1761 sbrk_goodness -= SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE;
1764 ovp = (union overhead *) cp;
1766 * Round up to minimum allocation size boundary
1767 * and deduct from block count to reflect.
1770 # if NEEDED_ALIGNMENT > MEM_ALIGNBYTES
1771 if (PTR2UV(ovp) & (NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1))
1772 fatalcroak("Misalignment of sbrk()\n");
1775 #ifndef I286 /* Again, this should always be ok on an 80286 */
1776 if (PTR2UV(ovp) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1)) {
1777 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1778 "fixing sbrk(): %d bytes off machine alignement\n",
1779 (int)(PTR2UV(ovp) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1))));
1780 ovp = INT2PTR(union overhead *,(PTR2UV(ovp) + MEM_ALIGNBYTES) &
1781 (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1));
1783 # if defined(DEBUGGING_MSTATS)
1784 /* This is only approx. if TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE: */
1785 sbrk_slack += (1 << (bucket >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT));
1789 ; /* Finish `else' */
1790 sbrked_remains = require - needed;
1793 #if !defined(PLAIN_MALLOC) && !defined(NO_FANCY_MALLOC)
1794 emergency_buffer_last_req = 0;
1796 last_sbrk_top = cp + require;
1797 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1798 goodsbrk += require;
1804 getpages_adjacent(MEM_SIZE require)
1806 if (require <= sbrked_remains) {
1807 sbrked_remains -= require;
1811 require -= sbrked_remains;
1812 /* We do not try to optimize sbrks here, we go for place. */
1813 cp = (char*) sbrk(require);
1814 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1816 goodsbrk += require;
1818 if (cp == last_sbrk_top) {
1820 last_sbrk_top = cp + require;
1822 if (cp == (char*)-1) { /* Out of memory */
1823 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1824 goodsbrk -= require;
1828 /* Report the failure: */
1830 add_to_chain((void*)(last_sbrk_top - sbrked_remains),
1832 add_to_chain((void*)cp, require, 0);
1833 sbrk_goodness -= SBRK_FAILURE_PRICE;
1845 * Allocate more memory to the indicated bucket.
1848 morecore(register int bucket)
1850 register union overhead *ovp;
1851 register int rnu; /* 2^rnu bytes will be requested */
1852 int nblks; /* become nblks blocks of the desired size */
1853 register MEM_SIZE siz, needed;
1854 static int were_called = 0;
1858 #ifndef NO_PERL_MALLOC_ENV
1860 /* It's the our first time. Initialize ourselves */
1861 were_called = 1; /* Avoid a loop */
1862 if (!MallocCfg[MallocCfg_skip_cfg_env]) {
1863 char *s = getenv("PERL_MALLOC_OPT"), *t = s, *off;
1864 const char *opts = PERL_MALLOC_OPT_CHARS;
1867 while ( t && t[0] && t[1] == '='
1868 && ((off = strchr(opts, *t))) ) {
1872 while (*t <= '9' && *t >= '0')
1873 val = 10*val + *t++ - '0';
1874 if (!*t || *t == ';') {
1875 if (MallocCfg[off - opts] != val)
1877 MallocCfg[off - opts] = val;
1883 write2("Unrecognized part of PERL_MALLOC_OPT: `");
1888 MallocCfg[MallocCfg_cfg_env_read] = 1;
1892 if (bucket == sizeof(MEM_SIZE)*8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
1894 croak("%s", "Out of memory during ridiculously large request");
1896 if (bucket > max_bucket)
1897 max_bucket = bucket;
1899 rnu = ( (bucket <= (LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT))
1901 : (bucket >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT) );
1902 /* This may be overwritten later: */
1903 nblks = 1 << (rnu - (bucket >> BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT)); /* how many blocks to get */
1904 needed = ((MEM_SIZE)1 << rnu) + POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(bucket);
1905 if (nextf[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT]) { /* 2048b bucket. */
1906 ovp = nextf[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT] - 1 + CHUNK_SHIFT;
1907 nextf[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT]
1908 = nextf[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT]->ov_next;
1909 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1910 nmalloc[rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT]--;
1911 start_slack -= M_OVERHEAD;
1913 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1914 "stealing %ld bytes from %ld arena\n",
1915 (long) needed, (long) rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT));
1916 } else if (chunk_chain
1917 && (ovp = (union overhead*) get_from_chain(needed))) {
1918 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1919 "stealing %ld bytes from chain\n",
1921 } else if ( (ovp = (union overhead*)
1922 get_from_bigger_buckets((rnu << BUCKET_POW2_SHIFT) + 1,
1924 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1925 "stealing %ld bytes from bigger buckets\n",
1927 } else if (needed <= sbrked_remains) {
1928 ovp = (union overhead *)(last_sbrk_top - sbrked_remains);
1929 sbrked_remains -= needed;
1930 last_op = (char*)ovp;
1932 ovp = getpages(needed, &nblks, bucket);
1936 FILL_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)ovp, needed);
1939 * Add new memory allocated to that on
1940 * free list for this hash bucket.
1942 siz = BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(bucket); /* No surplus if nblks > 1 */
1944 *(u_char*)ovp = bucket; /* Fill index. */
1945 if (bucket <= MAX_PACKED) {
1946 ovp = (union overhead *) ((char*)ovp + BLK_SHIFT(bucket));
1947 nblks = N_BLKS(bucket);
1948 # ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1949 start_slack += BLK_SHIFT(bucket);
1951 } else if (bucket < LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA * BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
1952 ovp = (union overhead *) ((char*)ovp + BLK_SHIFT(bucket));
1953 siz -= sizeof(union overhead);
1954 } else ovp++; /* One chunk per block. */
1955 #endif /* PACK_MALLOC */
1956 nextf[bucket] = ovp;
1957 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
1958 nmalloc[bucket] += nblks;
1959 if (bucket > MAX_PACKED) {
1960 start_slack += M_OVERHEAD * nblks;
1964 while (--nblks > 0) {
1965 ovp->ov_next = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)ovp + siz);
1966 ovp = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)ovp + siz);
1968 /* Not all sbrks return zeroed memory.*/
1969 ovp->ov_next = (union overhead *)NULL;
1971 if (bucket == 7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) { /* Special case, explanation is above. */
1972 union overhead *n_op = nextf[7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2]->ov_next;
1973 nextf[7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2] =
1974 (union overhead *)((caddr_t)nextf[7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2]
1975 - sizeof(union overhead));
1976 nextf[7*BUCKETS_PER_POW2]->ov_next = n_op;
1978 #endif /* !PACK_MALLOC */
1982 Perl_mfree(void *mp)
1984 register MEM_SIZE size;
1985 register union overhead *ovp;
1986 char *cp = (char*)mp;
1991 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
1992 "0x%"UVxf": (%05lu) free\n",
1993 PTR2UV(cp), (unsigned long)(PL_an++)));
1998 if (PTR2UV(cp) & (MEM_ALIGNBYTES - 1))
1999 croak("%s", "wrong alignment in free()");
2001 ovp = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp
2002 - sizeof (union overhead) * CHUNK_SHIFT);
2004 bucket = OV_INDEX(ovp);
2006 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
2007 if ((bucket >= FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK)
2008 && (OV_MAGIC(ovp, bucket) != MAGIC))
2010 if (OV_MAGIC(ovp, bucket) != MAGIC)
2013 static int bad_free_warn = -1;
2014 if (bad_free_warn == -1) {
2016 char *pbf = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_BADFREE");
2017 bad_free_warn = (pbf) ? atoi(pbf) : 1;
2025 if (!PERL_IS_ALIVE || !PL_curcop || ckWARN_d(WARN_MALLOC))
2026 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MALLOC), "%s free() ignored (RMAGIC, PERL_CORE)",
2027 ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1 ?
2028 "Duplicate" : "Bad");
2031 warn("%s free() ignored (RMAGIC)",
2032 ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1 ? "Duplicate" : "Bad");
2038 if (!PERL_IS_ALIVE || !PL_curcop || ckWARN_d(WARN_MALLOC))
2039 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MALLOC), "%s", "Bad free() ignored (PERL_CORE)");
2042 warn("%s", "Bad free() ignored");
2045 return; /* sanity */
2048 ASSERT(ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC, "chunk's head overwrite");
2049 if (OV_INDEX(ovp) <= MAX_SHORT_BUCKET) {
2051 MEM_SIZE nbytes = ovp->ov_size + 1;
2053 if ((i = nbytes & (RMAGIC_SZ-1))) {
2055 while (i--) { /* nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ is end of alloced area */
2056 ASSERT(((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ)[i] == RMAGIC_C,
2057 "chunk's tail overwrite");
2060 /* Same at RMAGIC_SZ-aligned RMAGIC */
2061 nbytes = (nbytes + (RMAGIC_SZ-1)) & ~(RMAGIC_SZ-1);
2062 ASSERT(((u_int *)((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes))[-1] == RMAGIC,
2063 "chunk's tail overwrite");
2064 FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes),
2065 BUCKET_SIZE(OV_INDEX(ovp)) - nbytes);
2067 FILL_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)(ovp+CHUNK_SHIFT),
2068 BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(OV_INDEX(ovp)) + RMAGIC_SZ);
2069 ovp->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC - 1;
2071 ASSERT(OV_INDEX(ovp) < NBUCKETS, "chunk's head overwrite");
2072 size = OV_INDEX(ovp);
2075 ovp->ov_next = nextf[size];
2080 /* There is no need to do any locking in realloc (with an exception of
2081 trying to grow in place if we are at the end of the chain).
2082 If somebody calls us from a different thread with the same address,
2083 we are sole anyway. */
2086 Perl_realloc(void *mp, size_t nbytes)
2088 register MEM_SIZE onb;
2089 union overhead *ovp;
2092 register int bucket;
2093 int incr; /* 1 if does not fit, -1 if "easily" fits in a
2094 smaller bucket, otherwise 0. */
2095 char *cp = (char*)mp;
2097 #if defined(DEBUGGING) || !defined(PERL_CORE)
2098 MEM_SIZE size = nbytes;
2100 if ((long)nbytes < 0)
2101 croak("%s", "panic: realloc");
2104 BARK_64K_LIMIT("Reallocation",nbytes,size);
2106 return Perl_malloc(nbytes);
2108 ovp = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp
2109 - sizeof (union overhead) * CHUNK_SHIFT);
2110 bucket = OV_INDEX(ovp);
2112 #ifdef IGNORE_SMALL_BAD_FREE
2113 if ((bucket >= FIRST_BUCKET_WITH_CHECK)
2114 && (OV_MAGIC(ovp, bucket) != MAGIC))
2116 if (OV_MAGIC(ovp, bucket) != MAGIC)
2119 static int bad_free_warn = -1;
2120 if (bad_free_warn == -1) {
2122 char *pbf = PerlEnv_getenv("PERL_BADFREE");
2123 bad_free_warn = (pbf) ? atoi(pbf) : 1;
2131 if (!PERL_IS_ALIVE || !PL_curcop || ckWARN_d(WARN_MALLOC))
2132 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MALLOC), "%srealloc() %signored",
2133 (ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1 ? "" : "Bad "),
2134 ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1
2135 ? "of freed memory " : "");
2138 warn2("%srealloc() %signored",
2139 (ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1 ? "" : "Bad "),
2140 ovp->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1 ? "of freed memory " : "");
2146 if (!PERL_IS_ALIVE || !PL_curcop || ckWARN_d(WARN_MALLOC))
2147 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MALLOC), "%s",
2148 "Bad realloc() ignored");
2151 warn("%s", "Bad realloc() ignored");
2154 return Nullch; /* sanity */
2157 onb = BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(bucket);
2159 * avoid the copy if same size block.
2160 * We are not agressive with boundary cases. Note that it might
2161 * (for a small number of cases) give false negative if
2162 * both new size and old one are in the bucket for
2163 * FIRST_BIG_POW2, but the new one is near the lower end.
2165 * We do not try to go to 1.5 times smaller bucket so far.
2167 if (nbytes > onb) incr = 1;
2169 #ifdef DO_NOT_TRY_HARDER_WHEN_SHRINKING
2170 if ( /* This is a little bit pessimal if PACK_MALLOC: */
2171 nbytes > ( (onb >> 1) - M_OVERHEAD )
2172 # ifdef TWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
2173 || (bucket == FIRST_BIG_POW2 && nbytes >= LAST_SMALL_BOUND )
2176 #else /* !DO_NOT_TRY_HARDER_WHEN_SHRINKING */
2177 prev_bucket = ( (bucket > MAX_PACKED + 1)
2178 ? bucket - BUCKETS_PER_POW2
2180 if (nbytes > BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(prev_bucket))
2181 #endif /* !DO_NOT_TRY_HARDER_WHEN_SHRINKING */
2185 #ifdef STRESS_REALLOC
2192 * Record new allocated size of block and
2193 * bound space with magic numbers.
2195 if (OV_INDEX(ovp) <= MAX_SHORT_BUCKET) {
2196 int i, nb = ovp->ov_size + 1;
2198 if ((i = nb & (RMAGIC_SZ-1))) {
2200 while (i--) { /* nb - RMAGIC_SZ is end of alloced area */
2201 ASSERT(((caddr_t)ovp + nb - RMAGIC_SZ)[i] == RMAGIC_C, "chunk's tail overwrite");
2204 /* Same at RMAGIC_SZ-aligned RMAGIC */
2205 nb = (nb + (RMAGIC_SZ-1)) & ~(RMAGIC_SZ-1);
2206 ASSERT(((u_int *)((caddr_t)ovp + nb))[-1] == RMAGIC,
2207 "chunk's tail overwrite");
2208 FILLCHECK_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)((caddr_t)ovp + nb),
2209 BUCKET_SIZE(OV_INDEX(ovp)) - nb);
2210 if (nbytes > ovp->ov_size + 1 - M_OVERHEAD)
2211 FILL_FEEDADAD((unsigned char*)cp + ovp->ov_size + 1 - M_OVERHEAD,
2212 nbytes - (ovp->ov_size + 1 - M_OVERHEAD));
2214 FILL_DEADBEEF((unsigned char*)cp + nbytes,
2215 nb - M_OVERHEAD + RMAGIC_SZ - nbytes);
2217 * Convert amount of memory requested into
2218 * closest block size stored in hash buckets
2219 * which satisfies request. Account for
2220 * space used per block for accounting.
2222 nbytes += M_OVERHEAD;
2223 ovp->ov_size = nbytes - 1;
2224 if ((i = nbytes & (RMAGIC_SZ-1))) {
2226 while (i--) /* nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ is end of alloced area */
2227 ((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes - RMAGIC_SZ)[i]
2230 /* Same at RMAGIC_SZ-aligned RMAGIC */
2231 nbytes = (nbytes + (RMAGIC_SZ-1)) & ~(RMAGIC_SZ - 1);
2232 ((u_int *)((caddr_t)ovp + nbytes))[-1] = RMAGIC;
2236 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2237 "0x%"UVxf": (%05lu) realloc %ld bytes inplace\n",
2238 PTR2UV(res),(unsigned long)(PL_an++),
2240 } else if (incr == 1 && (cp - M_OVERHEAD == last_op)
2241 && (onb > (1 << LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA))) {
2242 MEM_SIZE require, newarena = nbytes, pow;
2245 POW2_OPTIMIZE_ADJUST(newarena);
2246 newarena = newarena + M_OVERHEAD;
2247 /* newarena = (newarena + 3) &~ 3; */
2248 shiftr = (newarena - 1) >> LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA;
2249 pow = LOG_OF_MIN_ARENA + 1;
2250 /* apart from this loop, this is O(1) */
2251 while (shiftr >>= 1)
2253 newarena = (1 << pow) + POW2_OPTIMIZE_SURPLUS(pow * BUCKETS_PER_POW2);
2254 require = newarena - onb - M_OVERHEAD;
2257 if (cp - M_OVERHEAD == last_op /* We *still* are the last chunk */
2258 && getpages_adjacent(require)) {
2259 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
2261 nmalloc[pow * BUCKETS_PER_POW2]++;
2263 *(cp - M_OVERHEAD) = pow * BUCKETS_PER_POW2; /* Fill index. */
2272 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,
2273 "0x%"UVxf": (%05lu) realloc %ld bytes the hard way\n",
2274 PTR2UV(cp),(unsigned long)(PL_an++),
2276 if ((res = (char*)Perl_malloc(nbytes)) == NULL)
2278 if (cp != res) /* common optimization */
2279 Copy(cp, res, (MEM_SIZE)(nbytes<onb?nbytes:onb), char);
2282 return ((Malloc_t)res);
2286 Perl_calloc(register size_t elements, register size_t size)
2288 long sz = elements * size;
2289 Malloc_t p = Perl_malloc(sz);
2292 memset((void*)p, 0, sz);
2298 Perl_strdup(const char *s)
2300 MEM_SIZE l = strlen(s);
2301 char *s1 = (char *)Perl_malloc(l+1);
2303 Copy(s, s1, (MEM_SIZE)(l+1), char);
2309 Perl_putenv(char *a)
2311 /* Sometimes system's putenv conflicts with my_setenv() - this is system
2312 malloc vs Perl's free(). */
2319 while (*val && *val != '=')
2324 if (l < sizeof(buf))
2327 var = Perl_malloc(l + 1);
2328 Copy(a, var, l, char);
2330 my_setenv(var, val+1);
2338 Perl_malloced_size(void *p)
2340 union overhead *ovp = (union overhead *)
2341 ((caddr_t)p - sizeof (union overhead) * CHUNK_SHIFT);
2342 int bucket = OV_INDEX(ovp);
2344 /* The caller wants to have a complete control over the chunk,
2345 disable the memory checking inside the chunk. */
2346 if (bucket <= MAX_SHORT_BUCKET) {
2347 MEM_SIZE size = BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(bucket);
2348 ovp->ov_size = size + M_OVERHEAD - 1;
2349 *((u_int *)((caddr_t)ovp + size + M_OVERHEAD - RMAGIC_SZ)) = RMAGIC;
2352 return BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(bucket);
2355 # ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
2356 # define MIN_EVEN_REPORT 6
2358 # define MIN_EVEN_REPORT MIN_BUCKET
2362 Perl_get_mstats(pTHX_ perl_mstats_t *buf, int buflen, int level)
2364 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
2366 register union overhead *p;
2367 struct chunk_chain_s* nextchain;
2369 buf->topbucket = buf->topbucket_ev = buf->topbucket_odd
2370 = buf->totfree = buf->total = buf->total_chain = 0;
2372 buf->minbucket = MIN_BUCKET;
2374 for (i = MIN_BUCKET ; i < NBUCKETS; i++) {
2375 for (j = 0, p = nextf[i]; p; p = p->ov_next, j++)
2379 buf->ntotal[i] = nmalloc[i];
2381 buf->totfree += j * BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i);
2382 buf->total += nmalloc[i] * BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i);
2384 i % 2 ? (buf->topbucket_odd = i) : (buf->topbucket_ev = i);
2388 nextchain = chunk_chain;
2390 buf->total_chain += nextchain->size;
2391 nextchain = nextchain->next;
2393 buf->total_sbrk = goodsbrk + sbrk_slack;
2395 buf->sbrk_good = sbrk_goodness;
2396 buf->sbrk_slack = sbrk_slack;
2397 buf->start_slack = start_slack;
2398 buf->sbrked_remains = sbrked_remains;
2400 buf->nbuckets = NBUCKETS;
2402 for (i = MIN_BUCKET ; i < NBUCKETS; i++) {
2405 buf->bucket_mem_size[i] = BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(i);
2406 buf->bucket_available_size[i] = BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(i);
2409 #endif /* defined DEBUGGING_MSTATS */
2410 return 0; /* XXX unused */
2413 * mstats - print out statistics about malloc
2415 * Prints two lines of numbers, one showing the length of the free list
2416 * for each size category, the second showing the number of mallocs -
2417 * frees for each size category.
2420 Perl_dump_mstats(pTHX_ char *s)
2422 #ifdef DEBUGGING_MSTATS
2424 perl_mstats_t buffer;
2430 get_mstats(&buffer, NBUCKETS, 0);
2433 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2434 "Memory allocation statistics %s (buckets %"IVdf"(%"IVdf")..%"IVdf"(%"IVdf")\n",
2436 (IV)BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(MIN_BUCKET),
2437 (IV)BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(MIN_BUCKET),
2438 (IV)BUCKET_SIZE_REAL(buffer.topbucket),
2439 (IV)BUCKET_SIZE_NO_SURPLUS(buffer.topbucket));
2440 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "%8"IVdf" free:", buffer.totfree);
2441 for (i = MIN_EVEN_REPORT; i <= buffer.topbucket; i += BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
2442 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2443 ((i < 8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 || i == 10*BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
2445 : ((i < 12*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? " %3"UVuf : " %"UVuf)),
2448 #ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
2449 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\n\t ");
2450 for (i = MIN_BUCKET + 1; i <= buffer.topbucket_odd; i += BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
2451 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2452 ((i < 8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 || i == 10*BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
2454 : ((i < 12*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? " %3"UVuf : " %"UVuf)),
2458 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\n%8"IVdf" used:", buffer.total - buffer.totfree);
2459 for (i = MIN_EVEN_REPORT; i <= buffer.topbucket; i += BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
2460 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2461 ((i < 8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 || i == 10*BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
2463 : ((i < 12*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? " %3"IVdf : " %"IVdf)),
2464 buffer.ntotal[i] - buffer.nfree[i]);
2466 #ifdef BUCKETS_ROOT2
2467 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\n\t ");
2468 for (i = MIN_BUCKET + 1; i <= buffer.topbucket_odd; i += BUCKETS_PER_POW2) {
2469 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
2470 ((i < 8*BUCKETS_PER_POW2 || i == 10*BUCKETS_PER_POW2)
2472 : ((i < 12*BUCKETS_PER_POW2) ? " %3"IVdf : " %"IVdf)),
2473 buffer.ntotal[i] - buffer.nfree[i]);
2476 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "\nTotal sbrk(): %"IVdf"/%"IVdf":%"IVdf". Odd ends: pad+heads+chain+tail: %"IVdf"+%"IVdf"+%"IVdf"+%"IVdf".\n",
2477 buffer.total_sbrk, buffer.sbrks, buffer.sbrk_good,
2478 buffer.sbrk_slack, buffer.start_slack,
2479 buffer.total_chain, buffer.sbrked_remains);
2480 #endif /* DEBUGGING_MSTATS */
2484 #ifdef USE_PERL_SBRK
2486 # if defined(__MACHTEN_PPC__) || defined(NeXT) || defined(__NeXT__) || defined(PURIFY)
2487 # define PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC
2490 # ifdef PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC
2492 /* it may seem schizophrenic to use perl's malloc and let it call system */
2493 /* malloc, the reason for that is only the 3.2 version of the OS that had */
2494 /* frequent core dumps within nxzonefreenolock. This sbrk routine put an */
2495 /* end to the cores */
2497 # ifndef SYSTEM_ALLOC
2498 # define SYSTEM_ALLOC(a) malloc(a)
2500 # ifndef SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT
2501 # define SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT MEM_ALIGNBYTES
2504 # endif /* PERL_SBRK_VIA_MALLOC */
2506 static IV Perl_sbrk_oldchunk;
2507 static long Perl_sbrk_oldsize;
2509 # define PERLSBRK_32_K (1<<15)
2510 # define PERLSBRK_64_K (1<<16)
2518 if (!size) return 0;
2520 reqsize = size; /* just for the DEBUG_m statement */
2523 size = (size + 0x7ff) & ~0x7ff;
2525 if (size <= Perl_sbrk_oldsize) {
2526 got = Perl_sbrk_oldchunk;
2527 Perl_sbrk_oldchunk += size;
2528 Perl_sbrk_oldsize -= size;
2530 if (size >= PERLSBRK_32_K) {
2533 size = PERLSBRK_64_K;
2536 # if NEEDED_ALIGNMENT > SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT
2537 size += NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT;
2539 got = (IV)SYSTEM_ALLOC(size);
2540 # if NEEDED_ALIGNMENT > SYSTEM_ALLOC_ALIGNMENT
2541 got = (got + NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1) & ~(NEEDED_ALIGNMENT - 1);
2544 /* Chunk is small, register the rest for future allocs. */
2545 Perl_sbrk_oldchunk = got + reqsize;
2546 Perl_sbrk_oldsize = size - reqsize;
2550 DEBUG_m(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "sbrk malloc size %ld (reqsize %ld), left size %ld, give addr 0x%"UVxf"\n",
2551 size, reqsize, Perl_sbrk_oldsize, PTR2UV(got)));
2556 #endif /* ! defined USE_PERL_SBRK */