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124 .\" ========================================================================
126 .IX Title "File::Which 3"
127 .TH File::Which 3 "2009-09-26" "perl v5.8.7" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
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133 File::Which \- Portable implementation of the `which' utility
135 .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
137 \& use File::Which; # exports which()
138 \& use File::Which qw(which where); # exports which() and where()
140 \& my $exe_path = which(\*(Aqperldoc\*(Aq);
142 \& my @paths = where(\*(Aqperl\*(Aq);
144 \& my @paths = which(\*(Aqperl\*(Aq); # an array forces search for all of them
147 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
148 \&\f(CW\*(C`File::Which\*(C'\fR was created to be able to get the paths to executable programs
149 on systems under which the `which' program wasn't implemented in the shell.
151 \&\f(CW\*(C`File::Which\*(C'\fR searches the directories of the user's \f(CW\*(C`PATH\*(C'\fR (as returned by
152 \&\f(CW\*(C`File::Spec\->path()\*(C'\fR), looking for executable files having the name
153 specified as a parameter to \f(CW\*(C`which()\*(C'\fR. Under Win32 systems, which do not have a
154 notion of directly executable files, but uses special extensions such as \f(CW\*(C`.exe\*(C'\fR
155 and \f(CW\*(C`.bat\*(C'\fR to identify them, \f(CW\*(C`File::Which\*(C'\fR takes extra steps to assure that
156 you will find the correct file (so for example, you might be searching for
157 \&\f(CW\*(C`perl\*(C'\fR, it'll try \fIperl.exe\fR, \fIperl.bat\fR, etc.)
158 .SH "Steps Used on Win32, DOS, OS2 and VMS"
159 .IX Header "Steps Used on Win32, DOS, OS2 and VMS"
160 .SS "Windows \s-1NT\s0"
161 .IX Subsection "Windows NT"
162 Windows \s-1NT\s0 has a special environment variable called \f(CW\*(C`PATHEXT\*(C'\fR, which is used
163 by the shell to look for executable files. Usually, it will contain a list in
164 the form \f(CW\*(C`.EXE;.BAT;.COM;.JS;.VBS\*(C'\fR etc. If \f(CW\*(C`File::Which\*(C'\fR finds such an
165 environment variable, it parses the list and uses it as the different
167 .SS "Windows 9x and other ancient Win/DOS/OS2"
168 .IX Subsection "Windows 9x and other ancient Win/DOS/OS2"
169 This set of operating systems don't have the \f(CW\*(C`PATHEXT\*(C'\fR variable, and usually
170 you will find executable files there with the extensions \f(CW\*(C`.exe\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`.bat\*(C'\fR and
171 (less likely) \f(CW\*(C`.com\*(C'\fR. \f(CW\*(C`File::Which\*(C'\fR uses this hardcoded list if it's running
172 under Win32 but does not find a \f(CW\*(C`PATHEXT\*(C'\fR variable.
175 Same case as Windows 9x: uses \f(CW\*(C`.exe\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`.com\*(C'\fR (in that order).
177 .IX Header "Functions"
178 .SS "which($short_exe_name)"
179 .IX Subsection "which($short_exe_name)"
182 \&\f(CW$short_exe_name\fR is the name used in the shell to call the program (for
183 example, \f(CW\*(C`perl\*(C'\fR).
185 If it finds an executable with the name you specified, \f(CW\*(C`which()\*(C'\fR will return
186 the absolute path leading to this executable (for example, \fI/usr/bin/perl\fR or
187 \&\fIC:\ePerl\eBin\eperl.exe\fR).
189 If it does \fInot\fR find the executable, it returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR.
191 If \f(CW\*(C`which()\*(C'\fR is called in list context, it will return \fIall\fR the
193 .SS "where($short_exe_name)"
194 .IX Subsection "where($short_exe_name)"
195 Not exported by default.
197 Same as \f(CW\*(C`which($short_exe_name)\*(C'\fR in array context. Same as the
198 \&\f(CW\`where\*(Aq\fR utility, will return an array containing all the path names
199 matching \f(CW$short_exe_name\fR.
200 .SH "BUGS AND CAVEATS"
201 .IX Header "BUGS AND CAVEATS"
202 Not tested on \s-1VMS\s0 or MacOS, although there is platform specific code
203 for those. Anyone who haves a second would be very kind to send me a
204 report of how it went.
206 File::Spec adds the current directory to the front of \s-1PATH\s0 if on
207 Win32, \s-1VMS\s0 or MacOS. I have no knowledge of those so don't know if the
208 current directory is searced first or not. Could someone please tell
212 Bugs should be reported via the \s-1CPAN\s0 bug tracker at
214 <http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=File\-Which>
216 For other issues, contact the maintainer.
219 Adam Kennedy <adamk@cpan.org>
221 Per Einar Ellefsen <pereinar@cpan.org>
223 Originated in \fImodperl\-2.0/lib/Apache/Build.pm\fR. Changed for use in DocSet
224 (for the mod_perl site) and Win32\-awareness by me, with slight modifications
225 by Stas Bekman, then extracted to create \f(CW\*(C`File::Which\*(C'\fR.
227 Version 0.04 had some significant platform-related changes, taken from
228 the Perl Power Tools \f(CW\`which\*(Aq\fR implementation by Abigail with
229 enhancements from Peter Prymmer. See
230 <http://www.perl.com/language/ppt/src/which/index.html> for more
233 .IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
234 Copyright 2002 Per Einar Ellefsen.
236 Some parts copyright 2009 Adam Kennedy.
238 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
239 it under the same terms as Perl itself.
241 .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
242 File::Spec, \fIwhich\fR\|(1), Perl Power Tools:
243 <http://www.perl.com/language/ppt/index.html>.