3 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
7 # Parsing version strings (decimal or dotted-decimal)
9 use version 0.77; # get latest bug-fixes and API
10 $ver = version->parse($string)
12 # Declaring a dotted-decimal $VERSION (keep on one line!)
14 use version 0.77; our $VERSION = version->declare("v1.2.3"); # formal
15 use version 0.77; our $VERSION = qv("v1.2.3"); # shorthand
16 use version 0.77; our $VERSION = qv("v1.2_3"); # alpha
18 # Declaring an old-style decimal $VERSION (use quotes!)
20 use version 0.77; our $VERSION = version->parse("1.0203"); # formal
21 use version 0.77; our $VERSION = version->parse("1.02_03"); # alpha
23 # Comparing mixed version styles (decimals, dotted-decimals, objects)
25 if ( version->parse($v1) == version->parse($v2) ) {
29 # Sorting mixed version styles
31 @ordered = sort { version->parse($a) <=> version->parse($b) } @list;
35 Version objects were added to Perl in 5.10. This module implements version
36 objects for older version of Perl and provides the version object API for all
37 versions of Perl. All previous releases before 0.74 are deprecated and should
38 not be used due to incompatible API changes. Version 0.77 introduces the new
39 'parse' and 'declare' methods to standardize usage. You are strongly urged to
40 set 0.77 as a minimum in your code, e.g.
42 use version 0.77; # even for Perl v.5.10.0
44 =head1 TYPES OF VERSION OBJECTS
46 There are two different types of version objects, corresponding to the two
47 different styles of versions in use:
51 =item Decimal Versions
53 The classic floating-point number $VERSION. The advantage to this style is
54 that you don't need to do anything special, just type a number (without
55 quotes) into your source file.
57 =item Dotted Decimal Versions
59 The more modern form of version assignment, with 3 (or potentially more)
60 integers seperated by decimal points (e.g. v1.2.3). This is the form that
61 Perl itself has used since 5.6.0 was released. The leading "v" is now
62 strongly recommended for clarity, and will throw a warning in a future
67 See L<VERSION OBJECT DETAILS> for further information.
69 =head1 DECLARING VERSIONS
71 If you have a module that uses a decimal $VERSION (floating point), and you
72 do not intend to ever change that, this module is not for you. There is
73 nothing that version.pm gains you over a simple $VERSION assignment:
77 Since Perl v5.10.0 includes the version.pm comparison logic anyways,
78 you don't need to do anything at all.
80 =head2 How to convert a module from decimal to dotted-decimal
82 If you have used a decimal $VERSION in the past and wish to switch to a
83 dotted-decimal $VERSION, then you need to make a one-time conversion to
86 B<Important Note>: you must ensure that your new $VERSION is numerically
87 greater than your current decimal $VERSION; this is not always obvious. First,
88 convert your old decimal version (e.g. 1.02) to a normalized dotted-decimal
91 $ perl -Mversion -e 'print version->parse("1.02")->normal'
94 Then increment any of the dotted-decimal components (v1.20.1 or v1.21.0).
96 =head2 How to C<declare()> a dotted-decimal version
98 use version 0.77; our $VERSION = version->declare("v1.2.3");
100 The C<declare()> method always creates dotted-decimal version objects. When
101 used in a module, you B<must> put it on the same line as "use version" to
102 ensure that $VERSION is read correctly by PAUSE and installer tools. You
103 should also add 'version' to the 'configure_requires' section of your
104 module metadata file. See instructions in L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> or
105 L<Module::Build> for details.
107 B<Important Note>: Even if you pass in what looks like a decimal number
108 ("1.2"), a dotted-decimal will be created ("v1.200.0"). To avoid confusion
109 or unintentional errors on older Perls, follow these guidelines:
115 Always use a dotted-decimal with (at least) three components
119 Always use a leading-v
123 Always quote the version
127 If you really insist on using version.pm with an ordinary decimal version,
128 use C<parse()> instead of declare. See the L<PARSING AND COMPARING VERSIONS>
131 See also L<VERSION OBJECT DETAILS> for more on version number conversion,
132 quoting, calculated version numbers and declaring developer or "alpha" version
135 =head1 PARSING AND COMPARING VERSIONS
137 If you need to compare version numbers, but can't be sure whether they are
138 expressed as numbers, strings, v-strings or version objects, then you can
139 use version.pm to parse them all into objects for comparison.
141 =head2 How to C<parse()> a version
143 The C<parse()> method takes in anything that might be a version and returns
144 a corresponding version object, doing any necessary conversion along the way.
150 Dotted-decimal: bare v-strings (v1.2.3) and strings with more than one
151 decimal point and a leading 'v' ("v1.2.3"); NOTE you can technically use a
152 v-string or strings with a leading-v and only one decimal point (v1.2 or
153 "v1.2"), but you will confuse both yourself and others.
157 Decimal: regular decimal numbers (literal or in a string)
163 $variable version->parse($variable)
164 --------- -------------------------
172 See L<VERSION OBJECT DETAILS> for more on version number conversion.
174 =head2 How to compare version objects
176 Version objects overload the C<cmp> and C<< E<lt>=E<gt> >> operators. Perl
177 automatically generates all of the other comparison operators based on those
178 two so all the normal logical comparisons will work.
180 if ( version->parse($v1) == version->parse($v2) ) {
184 If a version object is compared against a non-version object, the non-object
185 term will be converted to a version object using C<parse()>. This may give
188 $v1 = version->parse("v0.95.0");
189 $bool = $v1 < 0.96; # FALSE since 0.96 is v0.960.0
191 Always comparing to a version object will help avoid surprises:
193 $bool = $v1 < version->parse("v0.96.0"); # TRUE
195 =head1 VERSION OBJECT DETAILS
197 =head2 Equivalence between Decimal and Dotted-Decimal Versions
199 When Perl 5.6.0 was released, the decision was made to provide a
200 transformation between the old-style decimal versions and new-style
201 dotted-decimal versions:
206 The floating point number is taken and split first on the single decimal
207 place, then each group of three digits to the right of the decimal makes up
208 the next digit, and so on until the number of significant digits is exhausted,
209 B<plus> enough trailing zeros to reach the next multiple of three.
211 This was the method that version.pm adopted as well. Some examples may be
215 decimal zero-padded dotted-decimal
216 ------- ----------- --------------
220 1.0023 1.002300 v1.2.300
221 1.00203 1.002030 v1.2.30
222 1.002003 1.002003 v1.2.3
226 Because of the nature of the Perl parsing and tokenizing routines,
227 certain initialization values B<must> be quoted in order to correctly
228 parse as the intended version, especially when using the L<declare> or
229 L<qv> methods. While you do not have to quote decimal numbers when
230 creating version objects, it is always safe to quote B<all> initial values
231 when using version.pm methods, as this will ensure that what you type is
234 Additionally, if you quote your initializer, then the quoted value that goes
235 B<in> will be be exactly what comes B<out> when your $VERSION is printed
236 (stringified). If you do not quote your value, Perl's normal numeric handling
237 comes into play and you may not get back what you were expecting.
239 If you use a mathematic formula that resolves to a floating point number,
240 you are dependent on Perl's conversion routines to yield the version you
241 expect. You are pretty safe by dividing by a power of 10, for example,
242 but other operations are not likely to be what you intend. For example:
244 $VERSION = version->new((qw$Revision: 1.4)[1]/10);
245 print $VERSION; # yields 0.14
246 $V2 = version->new(100/9); # Integer overflow in decimal number
247 print $V2; # yields something like 11.111.111.100
249 Perl 5.8.1 and beyond are able to automatically quote v-strings but
250 that is not possible in earlier versions of Perl. In other words:
252 $version = version->new("v2.5.4"); # legal in all versions of Perl
253 $newvers = version->new(v2.5.4); # legal only in Perl >= 5.8.1
255 =head2 What about v-strings?
257 There are two ways to enter v-strings: a bare number with two or more
258 decimal points, or a bare number with one or more decimal points and a
259 leading 'v' character (also bare). For example:
261 $vs1 = 1.2.3; # encoded as \1\2\3
262 $vs2 = v1.2; # encoded as \1\2
264 However, the use of bare v-strings to initialize version objects is
265 B<strongly> discouraged in all circumstances. Also, bare
266 v-strings are not completely supported in any version of Perl prior to
269 If you insist on using bare v-strings with Perl > 5.6.0, be aware of the
270 following limitations:
272 1) For Perl releases 5.6.0 through 5.8.0, the v-string code merely guesses,
273 based on some characteristics of v-strings. You B<must> use a three part
274 version, e.g. 1.2.3 or v1.2.3 in order for this heuristic to be successful.
276 2) For Perl releases 5.8.1 and later, v-strings have changed in the Perl
277 core to be magical, which means that the version.pm code can automatically
278 determine whether the v-string encoding was used.
280 3) In all cases, a version created using v-strings will have a stringified
281 form that has a leading 'v' character, for the simple reason that sometimes
282 it is impossible to tell whether one was present initially.
284 =head2 Alpha versions
286 For module authors using CPAN, the convention has been to note unstable
287 releases with an underscore in the version string. (See L<CPAN>.) version.pm
288 follows this convention and alpha releases will test as being newer than the
289 more recent stable release, and less than the next stable release. For
290 dotted-decimal versions, only the last element may be separated by an
294 use version 0.77; our $VERSION = version->declare("v1.2_3");
297 $v1 = version->parse("v1.2_3");
298 $v1 = version->parse("1.002_003");
300 =head1 OBJECT METHODS
304 True if and only if the version object was created with a underscore, e.g.
306 version->parse('1.002_03')->is_alpha; # TRUE
307 version->declare('1.2.3_4')->is_alpha; # TRUE
311 True only if the version object is a dotted-decimal version, e.g.
313 version->parse('v1.2.0')->is_qv; # TRUE
314 version->declare('v1.2')->is_qv; # TRUE
315 qv('1.2')->is_qv; # TRUE
316 version->parse('1.2')->is_qv; # FALSE
320 Returns a string with a standard 'normalized' dotted-decimal form with a
321 leading-v and at least 3 components.
323 version->declare('v1.2')->normal; # v1.2.0
324 version->parse('1.2')->normal; # v1.200.0
328 Returns a value representing the object in a pure decimal form without
331 version->declare('v1.2')->numify; # 1.002
332 version->parse('1.2')->numify; # 1.2
336 Returns a string that is as close to the original representation as possible.
337 If the original representation was a numeric literal, it will be returned the
338 way perl would normally represent it in a string. This method is used whenever
339 a version object is interpolated into a string.
341 version->declare('v1.2')->stringify; # v1.2
342 version->parse('1.200')->stringify; # 1.200
343 version->parse(1.02_30)->stringify; # 1.023
345 =head1 EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
349 This function is no longer recommended for use, but is maintained for
350 compatibility with existing code. If you do not want to have it exported
351 to your namespace, use this form:
357 John Peacock E<lt>jpeacock@cpan.orgE<gt>
361 L<version::Internal>.