6 use 5.008001; # probably works with earlier versions but I'm not supporting them
7 # (patches would, of course, be welcome)
14 our $VERSION = '1.008001'; # 1.8.1
16 our @KNOWN_FLAGS = qw(--self-contained --deactivate --deactivate-all);
18 sub DEACTIVATE_ONE () { 1 }
19 sub DEACTIVATE_ALL () { 2 }
22 my ($class, @args) = @_;
24 # Remember what PERL5LIB was when we started
25 my $perl5lib = $ENV{PERL5LIB} || '';
29 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
32 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
33 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
34 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
35 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
36 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
37 dashes with normal minus signs.
40 elsif(grep { $arg eq $_ } @KNOWN_FLAGS) {
41 (my $flag = $arg) =~ s/--//;
42 $arg_store{$flag} = 1;
44 elsif($arg =~ /^--/) {
45 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
48 # assume that what's left is a path
49 $arg_store{path} = $arg;
53 if($arg_store{'self-contained'}) {
54 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
58 if ($arg_store{deactivate}) {
59 $deactivating = DEACTIVATE_ONE;
61 if ($arg_store{'deactivate-all'}) {
62 $deactivating = DEACTIVATE_ALL;
65 $arg_store{path} = $class->resolve_path($arg_store{path});
66 $class->setup_local_lib_for($arg_store{path}, $deactivating);
68 for (@INC) { # Untaint @INC
69 next if ref; # Skip entry if it is an ARRAY, CODE, blessed, etc.
78 my $last = pop(@methods);
81 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
82 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
99 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
100 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
101 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
109 grep { ! $seen{$_}++ } @_;
113 my ($class, $path) = @_;
114 $class->${pipeline qw(
115 resolve_relative_path
121 sub resolve_empty_path {
122 my ($class, $path) = @_;
132 #:: test classmethod setup
134 my $c = 'local::lib';
142 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
143 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
149 sub resolve_home_path {
150 my ($class, $path) = @_;
151 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
152 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
153 my $tried_file_homedir;
155 if (eval { require File::HomeDir } && $File::HomeDir::VERSION >= 0.65) {
156 $tried_file_homedir = 1;
158 File::HomeDir->users_home($user);
160 File::HomeDir->my_home;
166 if (defined $ENV{HOME}) {
174 unless (defined $homedir) {
176 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
177 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
178 .($tried_file_homedir ? '' : ' - consider installing File::HomeDir')
181 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
185 sub resolve_relative_path {
186 my ($class, $path) = @_;
187 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
194 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
195 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
201 sub setup_local_lib_for {
202 my ($class, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
203 $path = $class->ensure_dir_structure_for($path) unless $deactivating;
205 $class->print_environment_vars_for($path, $deactivating);
208 $class->setup_env_hash_for($path, $deactivating);
209 @INC = _uniq(split($Config{path_sep}, $ENV{PERL5LIB}), @INC);
213 sub install_base_bin_path {
214 my ($class, $path) = @_;
215 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
218 sub install_base_perl_path {
219 my ($class, $path) = @_;
220 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
223 sub install_base_arch_path {
224 my ($class, $path) = @_;
225 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $Config{archname});
228 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
229 my ($class, $path) = @_;
231 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
233 File::Path::mkpath($path);
234 # Need to have the path exist to make a short name for it, so
235 # converting to a short name here.
236 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path) if $^O eq 'MSWin32';
241 sub INTERPOLATE_ENV () { 1 }
242 sub LITERAL_ENV () { 0 }
244 sub guess_shelltype {
246 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
247 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
248 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
251 local $_ = $shellbin;
259 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
260 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
261 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
262 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
264 local $_ = $shellbin;
267 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
269 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
279 sub print_environment_vars_for {
280 my ($class, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
281 print $class->environment_vars_string_for($path, $deactivating);
284 sub environment_vars_string_for {
285 my ($class, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
286 my @envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, $deactivating, LITERAL_ENV);
289 # rather basic csh detection, goes on the assumption that something won't
290 # call itself csh unless it really is. also, default to bourne in the
291 # pathological situation where a user doesn't have $ENV{SHELL} defined.
292 # note also that shells with funny names, like zoid, are assumed to be
295 my $shelltype = $class->guess_shelltype;
298 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
299 $value =~ s/(\\")/\\$1/g if defined $value;
300 $out .= $class->${\"build_${shelltype}_env_declaration"}($name, $value);
305 # simple routines that take two arguments: an %ENV key and a value. return
306 # strings that are suitable for passing directly to the relevant shell to set
307 # said key to said value.
308 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
310 my($name, $value) = @_;
311 return defined($value) ? qq{export ${name}="${value}";\n} : qq{unset ${name};\n};
314 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
316 my($name, $value) = @_;
317 return defined($value) ? qq{setenv ${name} "${value}"\n} : qq{unsetenv ${name}\n};
320 sub build_win32_env_declaration {
322 my($name, $value) = @_;
323 return defined($value) ? qq{set ${name}=${value}\n} : qq{set ${name}=\n};
326 sub setup_env_hash_for {
327 my ($class, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
328 my %envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, $deactivating, INTERPOLATE_ENV);
329 @ENV{keys %envs} = values %envs;
332 sub build_environment_vars_for {
333 my ($class, $path, $deactivating, $interpolate) = @_;
335 if ($deactivating == DEACTIVATE_ONE) {
336 return $class->build_deactivate_environment_vars_for($path, $interpolate);
337 } elsif ($deactivating == DEACTIVATE_ALL) {
338 return $class->build_deact_all_environment_vars_for($path, $interpolate);
340 return $class->build_activate_environment_vars_for($path, $interpolate);
344 sub build_activate_environment_vars_for {
345 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
347 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($Config{path_sep},
348 (($ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT}||()) ?
349 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
350 ? ($ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT}||())
351 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT'
352 : '%PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT%' ))
356 PERL_MB_OPT => "--install_base ${path}",
357 PERL_MM_OPT => "INSTALL_BASE=${path}",
358 PERL5LIB => join($Config{path_sep},
359 $class->install_base_arch_path($path),
360 $class->install_base_perl_path($path),
361 (($ENV{PERL5LIB}||()) ?
362 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
364 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PERL5LIB' : '%PERL5LIB%' ))
367 PATH => join($Config{path_sep},
368 $class->install_base_bin_path($path),
369 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
371 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PATH' : '%PATH%' ))
376 sub build_deactivate_environment_vars_for {
377 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
379 my @active_lls = split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT} || '';
381 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
382 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
386 my @new_ll_root = grep { $_ ne $path } @active_lls;
387 my @new_perl5lib = grep {
388 $_ ne $class->install_base_arch_path($path) &&
389 $_ ne $class->install_base_perl_path($path)
390 } split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PERL5LIB};
393 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => (@new_ll_root ?
394 join($Config{path_sep}, @new_ll_root) : undef
396 PERL5LIB => (@new_perl5lib ?
397 join($Config{path_sep}, @new_perl5lib) : undef
399 PATH => join($Config{path_sep},
400 grep { $_ ne $class->install_base_bin_path($path) }
401 split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PATH}
405 # If removing ourselves from the "top of the stack", set install paths to
406 # correspond with the new top of stack.
407 if ($active_lls[-1] eq $path) {
408 if (@active_lls > 1) {
409 my $new_top = $active_lls[-2];
411 PERL_MB_OPT => "--install_base ${new_top}",
412 PERL_MM_OPT => "INSTALL_BASE=${new_top}",
416 PERL_MB_OPT => undef,
417 PERL_MM_OPT => undef,
425 sub build_deact_all_environment_vars_for {
426 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
428 my @active_lls = split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT} || '';
430 my @new_perl5lib = split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PERL5LIB};
431 my @new_path = split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PATH};
433 for my $path (@active_lls) {
434 @new_perl5lib = grep {
435 $_ ne $class->install_base_arch_path($path) &&
436 $_ ne $class->install_base_perl_path($path)
440 $_ ne $class->install_base_bin_path($path)
445 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => undef,
446 PERL_MM_OPT => undef,
447 PERL_MB_OPT => undef,
448 PERL5LIB => (@new_perl5lib ?
449 join($Config{path_sep}, @new_perl5lib) : undef
451 PATH => join($Config{path_sep}, @new_path),
461 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
463 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
465 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
473 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
479 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
481 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
485 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
489 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
490 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
492 # Just print out useful shell commands
494 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
495 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
496 export PERL5LIB='/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5/i386-linux:/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5'
497 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
499 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
501 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
502 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
503 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
504 local::lib in your home directory.
506 If you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
507 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
508 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
509 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
511 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
513 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
515 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
516 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
517 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
522 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
524 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
525 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
527 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
528 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
530 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
532 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
534 make test && make install
536 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
537 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
538 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
541 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
543 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
548 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
550 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to give that as
551 import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this way:
553 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
555 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
556 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
557 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
559 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
560 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
561 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
563 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
565 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
566 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
567 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
568 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
572 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
573 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
574 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
578 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
579 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
580 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
582 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
584 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
585 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
586 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
587 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
588 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
589 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
590 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
592 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
593 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
594 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
595 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
596 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
597 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
598 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
601 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
605 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
606 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
608 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
610 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
612 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
613 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
615 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
616 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
617 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
618 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5;C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5\MSWin32-x86-multi-thread
619 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
621 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
622 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\temp.bat
623 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
625 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
626 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
628 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
629 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
630 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
631 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
632 and the subdirectories are created.
636 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
637 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
638 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
639 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
640 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
641 around to packaging up the version you need.
643 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
644 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
645 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
646 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
647 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
648 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
649 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
651 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
652 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
653 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
658 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
659 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
660 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
661 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
662 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
665 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
666 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
667 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
668 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
669 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
671 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
684 PATH is appended to, rather than clobbered.
688 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
690 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
692 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
693 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
694 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
698 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
699 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
700 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
704 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
705 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
707 =head2 --deactivate-all
709 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
714 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
718 =item Arguments: $path
720 =item Return value: None
724 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
725 an exception on failure.
727 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
731 =item Arguments: $path
733 =item Return value: None
737 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
738 given path as the base directory.
740 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
744 =item Arguments: $path, $interpolate
746 =item Return value: \%environment_vars
750 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
751 given path as the base directory.
753 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
757 =item Arguments: $path
759 =item Return value: None
763 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
764 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
766 =head2 install_base_perl_path
770 =item Arguments: $path
772 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
776 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
777 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
780 =head2 install_base_arch_path
784 =item Arguments: $path
786 =item Return value: $install_base_arch_path
790 Returns a path describing where to install the architecture-specific Perl
791 modules for this local library installation. Based on the
792 L</install_base_perl_path> method's return value, and appends the value of
793 C<$Config{archname}>.
795 =head2 install_base_bin_path
799 =item Arguments: $path
801 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
805 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
806 local library installation. Based on the L</install_base_perl_path> method's
807 return value, and appends the directory C<bin>.
809 =head2 resolve_empty_path
813 =item Arguments: $path
815 =item Return value: $base_path
819 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
820 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
822 =head2 resolve_home_path
826 =item Arguments: $path
828 =item Return value: $home_path
832 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
833 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
835 =head2 resolve_relative_path
839 =item Arguments: $path
841 =item Return value: $absolute_path
845 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
851 =item Arguments: $path
853 =item Return value: $absolute_path
857 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
858 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
859 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
860 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
861 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
862 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
863 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
866 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
868 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
869 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
870 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
871 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
872 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
873 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
874 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
878 The perl toolchain is unable to handle directory names with spaces in it,
879 so you cant put your local::lib bootstrap into a directory with spaces. What
880 you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces B<after> you
881 installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be aware that you
882 cant update or install CPAN modules after the move.
884 Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
885 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
886 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
887 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
889 Bootstrap is a hack and will use CPAN.pm for ExtUtils::MakeMaker even if you
890 have CPANPLUS installed.
892 Kills any existing PERL5LIB, PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
894 Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
896 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
898 On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment variables
899 to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
901 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
903 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
904 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
905 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
906 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
907 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
908 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
909 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
911 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
913 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
915 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
925 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
926 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
928 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
936 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
940 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
942 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
946 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
947 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
949 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
950 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by Torsten Raudssus
951 <torsten@raudssus.de>.
953 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
954 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
955 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
956 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
957 properly. Many, many thanks!
959 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
960 section. Many thanks!
962 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
964 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
965 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
967 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
968 '--self-contained' option.
970 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
971 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
973 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc patches contributed by Breno
974 G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
978 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
983 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms