6 use 5.008001; # probably works with earlier versions but I'm not supporting them
7 # (patches would, of course, be welcome)
14 our $VERSION = '1.008001'; # 1.8.1
16 our @KNOWN_FLAGS = qw(--self-contained --deactivate --deactivate-all);
18 sub DEACTIVATE_ONE () { 1 }
19 sub DEACTIVATE_ALL () { 2 }
22 my ($class, @args) = @_;
24 # Remember what PERL5LIB was when we started
25 my $perl5lib = $ENV{PERL5LIB} || '';
29 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
32 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
33 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
34 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
35 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
36 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
37 dashes with normal minus signs.
40 elsif(grep { $arg eq $_ } @KNOWN_FLAGS) {
41 (my $flag = $arg) =~ s/--//;
42 $arg_store{$flag} = 1;
44 elsif($arg =~ /^--/) {
45 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
48 # assume that what's left is a path
49 $arg_store{path} = $arg;
53 if($arg_store{'self-contained'}) {
54 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
58 if ($arg_store{deactivate}) {
59 $deactivating = DEACTIVATE_ONE;
61 if ($arg_store{'deactivate-all'}) {
62 $deactivating = DEACTIVATE_ALL;
65 $arg_store{path} = $class->resolve_path($arg_store{path});
66 $class->setup_local_lib_for($arg_store{path}, $deactivating);
68 for (@INC) { # Untaint @INC
69 next if ref; # Skip entry if it is an ARRAY, CODE, blessed, etc.
78 my $last = pop(@methods);
81 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
82 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
99 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
100 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
101 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
109 grep { ! $seen{$_}++ } @_;
113 my ($class, $path) = @_;
114 $class->${pipeline qw(
115 resolve_relative_path
121 sub resolve_empty_path {
122 my ($class, $path) = @_;
132 #:: test classmethod setup
134 my $c = 'local::lib';
142 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
143 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
149 sub resolve_home_path {
150 my ($class, $path) = @_;
151 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
152 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
153 my $tried_file_homedir;
155 if (eval { require File::HomeDir } && $File::HomeDir::VERSION >= 0.65) {
156 $tried_file_homedir = 1;
158 File::HomeDir->users_home($user);
160 File::HomeDir->my_home;
166 if (defined $ENV{HOME}) {
174 unless (defined $homedir) {
176 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
177 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
178 .($tried_file_homedir ? '' : ' - consider installing File::HomeDir')
181 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
185 sub resolve_relative_path {
186 my ($class, $path) = @_;
187 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
194 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
195 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
201 sub setup_local_lib_for {
202 my ($class, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
203 $path = $class->ensure_dir_structure_for($path) unless $deactivating;
205 $class->print_environment_vars_for($path, $deactivating);
208 $class->setup_env_hash_for($path, $deactivating);
209 @INC = _uniq(split($Config{path_sep}, $ENV{PERL5LIB}), @INC);
213 sub install_base_bin_path {
214 my ($class, $path) = @_;
215 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
218 sub install_base_perl_path {
219 my ($class, $path) = @_;
220 File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
223 sub install_base_arch_path {
224 my ($class, $path) = @_;
225 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $Config{archname});
228 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
229 my ($class, $path) = @_;
231 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
233 File::Path::mkpath($path);
234 # Need to have the path exist to make a short name for it, so
235 # converting to a short name here.
236 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path) if $^O eq 'MSWin32';
241 sub INTERPOLATE_ENV () { 1 }
242 sub LITERAL_ENV () { 0 }
244 sub guess_shelltype {
246 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
247 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
248 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
251 local $_ = $shellbin;
259 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
260 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
261 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
262 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
264 local $_ = $shellbin;
267 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
269 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
279 sub print_environment_vars_for {
280 my ($class, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
281 print $class->environment_vars_string_for($path, $deactivating);
284 sub environment_vars_string_for {
285 my ($class, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
286 my @envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, $deactivating, LITERAL_ENV);
289 # rather basic csh detection, goes on the assumption that something won't
290 # call itself csh unless it really is. also, default to bourne in the
291 # pathological situation where a user doesn't have $ENV{SHELL} defined.
292 # note also that shells with funny names, like zoid, are assumed to be
295 my $shelltype = $class->guess_shelltype;
298 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
299 $value =~ s/(\\")/\\$1/g if defined $value;
300 $out .= $class->${\"build_${shelltype}_env_declaration"}($name, $value);
305 # simple routines that take two arguments: an %ENV key and a value. return
306 # strings that are suitable for passing directly to the relevant shell to set
307 # said key to said value.
308 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
310 my($name, $value) = @_;
311 return defined($value) ? qq{export ${name}="${value}";\n} : qq{unset ${name};\n};
314 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
316 my($name, $value) = @_;
317 return defined($value) ? qq{setenv ${name} "${value}"\n} : qq{unsetenv ${name}\n};
320 sub build_win32_env_declaration {
322 my($name, $value) = @_;
323 return defined($value) ? qq{set ${name}=${value}\n} : qq{set ${name}=\n};
326 sub setup_env_hash_for {
327 my ($class, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
328 my %envs = $class->build_environment_vars_for($path, $deactivating, INTERPOLATE_ENV);
329 @ENV{keys %envs} = values %envs;
332 sub build_environment_vars_for {
333 my ($class, $path, $deactivating, $interpolate) = @_;
335 if ($deactivating == DEACTIVATE_ONE) {
336 return $class->build_deactivate_environment_vars_for($path, $interpolate);
337 } elsif ($deactivating == DEACTIVATE_ALL) {
338 return $class->build_deact_all_environment_vars_for($path, $interpolate);
340 return $class->build_activate_environment_vars_for($path, $interpolate);
344 sub build_activate_environment_vars_for {
345 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
347 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($Config{path_sep},
348 (($ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT}||()) ?
349 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
350 ? ($ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT}||())
351 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT'
352 : '%PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT%' ))
356 PERL_MB_OPT => "--install_base ${path}",
357 PERL_MM_OPT => "INSTALL_BASE=${path}",
358 PERL5LIB => join($Config{path_sep},
359 $class->install_base_arch_path($path),
360 $class->install_base_perl_path($path),
361 (($ENV{PERL5LIB}||()) ?
362 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
364 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PERL5LIB' : '%PERL5LIB%' ))
367 PATH => join($Config{path_sep},
368 $class->install_base_bin_path($path),
369 ($interpolate == INTERPOLATE_ENV
371 : (($^O ne 'MSWin32') ? '$PATH' : '%PATH%' ))
379 return () unless defined $ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT};
380 return split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT};
383 sub build_deactivate_environment_vars_for {
384 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
386 my @active_lls = $class->active_paths;
388 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
389 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
393 my @new_ll_root = grep { $_ ne $path } @active_lls;
394 my @new_perl5lib = grep {
395 $_ ne $class->install_base_arch_path($path) &&
396 $_ ne $class->install_base_perl_path($path)
397 } split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PERL5LIB};
400 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => (@new_ll_root ?
401 join($Config{path_sep}, @new_ll_root) : undef
403 PERL5LIB => (@new_perl5lib ?
404 join($Config{path_sep}, @new_perl5lib) : undef
406 PATH => join($Config{path_sep},
407 grep { $_ ne $class->install_base_bin_path($path) }
408 split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PATH}
412 # If removing ourselves from the "top of the stack", set install paths to
413 # correspond with the new top of stack.
414 if ($active_lls[-1] eq $path) {
415 if (@active_lls > 1) {
416 my $new_top = $active_lls[-2];
418 PERL_MB_OPT => "--install_base ${new_top}",
419 PERL_MM_OPT => "INSTALL_BASE=${new_top}",
423 PERL_MB_OPT => undef,
424 PERL_MM_OPT => undef,
432 sub build_deact_all_environment_vars_for {
433 my ($class, $path, $interpolate) = @_;
435 my @active_lls = $class->active_paths;
437 my @new_perl5lib = split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PERL5LIB};
438 my @new_path = split /\Q$Config{path_sep}/, $ENV{PATH};
440 for my $path (@active_lls) {
441 @new_perl5lib = grep {
442 $_ ne $class->install_base_arch_path($path) &&
443 $_ ne $class->install_base_perl_path($path)
447 $_ ne $class->install_base_bin_path($path)
452 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => undef,
453 PERL_MM_OPT => undef,
454 PERL_MB_OPT => undef,
455 PERL5LIB => (@new_perl5lib ?
456 join($Config{path_sep}, @new_perl5lib) : undef
458 PATH => join($Config{path_sep}, @new_path),
468 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
470 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
472 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
480 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
486 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
488 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
492 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
496 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
497 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
499 # Just print out useful shell commands
501 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
502 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
503 export PERL5LIB='/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5/i386-linux:/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5'
504 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
506 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
508 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
509 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
510 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
511 local::lib in your home directory.
513 If you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
514 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
515 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
516 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
518 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
520 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
522 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
523 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
524 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
529 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
531 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
532 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
534 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
535 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
537 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
539 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
541 make test && make install
543 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
544 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
545 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
548 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
550 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
555 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
557 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to give that as
558 import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this way:
560 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
562 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
563 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
564 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
566 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
567 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
568 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
570 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
572 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
573 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
574 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
575 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
579 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
580 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
581 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
585 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
586 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
587 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
589 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
591 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
592 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
593 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
594 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
595 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
596 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
597 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
599 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
600 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
601 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
602 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
603 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
604 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
605 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
608 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
612 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
613 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
615 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
617 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
619 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
620 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
622 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
623 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
624 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
625 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5;C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5\MSWin32-x86-multi-thread
626 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
628 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
629 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\temp.bat
630 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
632 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
633 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
635 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
636 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
637 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
638 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
639 and the subdirectories are created.
643 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
644 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
645 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
646 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
647 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
648 around to packaging up the version you need.
650 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
651 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
652 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
653 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
654 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
655 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
656 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
658 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
659 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
660 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
665 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
666 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
667 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
668 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
669 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
672 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
673 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
674 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
675 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
676 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
678 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
691 PATH is appended to, rather than clobbered.
695 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
697 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
699 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
700 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
701 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
705 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
706 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
707 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
711 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
712 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
714 =head2 --deactivate-all
716 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
721 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
725 =item Arguments: $path
727 =item Return value: None
731 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
732 an exception on failure.
734 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
738 =item Arguments: $path
740 =item Return value: None
744 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
745 given path as the base directory.
747 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
751 =item Arguments: $path, $interpolate
753 =item Return value: \%environment_vars
757 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
758 given path as the base directory.
760 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
764 =item Arguments: $path
766 =item Return value: None
770 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
771 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
773 =head2 install_base_perl_path
777 =item Arguments: $path
779 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
783 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
784 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
787 =head2 install_base_arch_path
791 =item Arguments: $path
793 =item Return value: $install_base_arch_path
797 Returns a path describing where to install the architecture-specific Perl
798 modules for this local library installation. Based on the
799 L</install_base_perl_path> method's return value, and appends the value of
800 C<$Config{archname}>.
802 =head2 install_base_bin_path
806 =item Arguments: $path
808 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
812 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
813 local library installation. Based on the L</install_base_perl_path> method's
814 return value, and appends the directory C<bin>.
816 =head2 resolve_empty_path
820 =item Arguments: $path
822 =item Return value: $base_path
826 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
827 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
829 =head2 resolve_home_path
833 =item Arguments: $path
835 =item Return value: $home_path
839 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
840 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
842 =head2 resolve_relative_path
846 =item Arguments: $path
848 =item Return value: $absolute_path
852 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
858 =item Arguments: $path
860 =item Return value: $absolute_path
864 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
865 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
866 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
867 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
868 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
869 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
870 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
873 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
875 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
876 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
877 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
878 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
879 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
880 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
881 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
885 The perl toolchain is unable to handle directory names with spaces in it,
886 so you cant put your local::lib bootstrap into a directory with spaces. What
887 you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces B<after> you
888 installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be aware that you
889 cant update or install CPAN modules after the move.
891 Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
892 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
893 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
894 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
896 Bootstrap is a hack and will use CPAN.pm for ExtUtils::MakeMaker even if you
897 have CPANPLUS installed.
899 Kills any existing PERL5LIB, PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
901 Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
903 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
905 On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment variables
906 to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
908 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
910 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
911 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
912 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
913 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
914 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
915 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
916 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
918 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
920 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
922 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
932 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
933 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
935 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
943 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
947 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
949 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
953 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
954 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
956 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
957 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by Torsten Raudssus
958 <torsten@raudssus.de>.
960 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
961 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
962 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
963 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
964 properly. Many, many thanks!
966 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
967 section. Many thanks!
969 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
971 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
972 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
974 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
975 '--self-contained' option.
977 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
978 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
980 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc patches contributed by Breno
981 G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
983 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
984 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
988 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
993 This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms