11 our $VERSION = '1.008026'; # 1.8.26
12 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
15 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 my $arg = shift @args;
22 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
23 # the fancy dash is U+2212 or \xE2\x88\x92
24 if ($arg =~ /\xE2\x88\x92/ or $arg =~ /−/) {
26 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
27 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
28 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
29 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
30 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
31 dashes with normal minus signs.
34 elsif ($arg eq '--self-contained') {
35 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
37 elsif( $arg =~ /^--deactivate(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
38 my $path = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
39 push @steps, ['deactivate', $path];
41 elsif ( $arg eq '--deactivate-all' ) {
42 push @steps, ['deactivate_all'];
44 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--shelltype(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
45 my $shell = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
46 $opts{shelltype} = $shell;
48 elsif ( $arg eq '--no-create' ) {
51 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--/ ) {
52 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
55 push @steps, ['activate', $arg];
59 push @steps, ['activate', undef];
62 my $self = $class->new(%opts);
65 my ($method, @args) = @$_;
66 $self = $self->$method(@args);
70 $self->print_environment_vars_for;
74 $self->setup_local_lib_for;
85 bless {%$self, @_}, ref $self;
88 sub inc { $_[0]->{inc} ||= \@INC }
89 sub libs { $_[0]->{libs} ||= [ \'PERL5LIB' ] }
90 sub bins { $_[0]->{bins} ||= [ \'PATH' ] }
91 sub roots { $_[0]->{roots} ||= [ \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT' ] }
92 sub extra { $_[0]->{extra} ||= {} }
93 sub shelltype { $_[0]->{shelltype} ||= $_[0]->guess_shelltype }
94 sub no_create { $_[0]->{no_create} }
96 my $_archname = $Config{archname};
97 my $_version = $Config{version};
98 my @_inc_version_list = reverse split / /, $Config{inc_version_list};
99 my $_path_sep = $Config{path_sep};
104 !(ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? $_ : (
105 defined $ENV{$$_} ? split(/\Q$_path_sep/, $ENV{$$_})
108 } ref $list ? @$list : $list;
111 my ($list, @remove) = @_;
112 my %remove = map { $_ => 1 } @remove;
113 grep !$remove{$_}, _as_list($list);
117 [$_version, $_archname],
120 (@_inc_version_list ? \@_inc_version_list : ()),
124 sub install_base_bin_path {
125 my ($class, $path) = @_;
126 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
128 sub install_base_perl_path {
129 my ($class, $path) = @_;
130 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
132 sub install_base_arch_path {
133 my ($class, $path) = @_;
134 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $_archname);
138 my ($class, $path) = @_;
139 my $base = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
140 return map { File::Spec->catdir($base, @$_) } @_lib_subdirs;
143 sub _mm_escape_path {
145 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\\\\\/g;
146 if ($path =~ s/ /\\ /g) {
147 $path = qq{"\\"$path\\""};
152 sub _mb_escape_path {
154 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
158 sub installer_options_for {
159 my ($class, $path) = @_;
161 PERL_MM_OPT => defined $path ? "INSTALL_BASE="._mm_escape_path($path) : undef,
162 PERL_MB_OPT => defined $path ? "--install_base "._mb_escape_path($path) : undef,
168 $self = ref $self ? $self : $self->new;
171 # screen out entries that aren't actually reflected in @INC
172 my $active_ll = $self->install_base_perl_path($_);
173 grep { $_ eq $active_ll } @{$self->inc};
174 } _as_list($self->roots);
179 my ($self, $path) = @_;
180 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
181 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
183 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
185 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
186 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
191 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins, $self->install_base_bin_path($path)) ],
192 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs, $self->install_base_perl_path($path)) ],
193 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc, $self->lib_paths_for($path)) ],
194 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, $path) ],
197 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($args{roots}[0]);
204 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
206 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
209 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
210 map $self->install_base_bin_path($_), @active_lls) ],
211 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
212 map $self->install_base_perl_path($_), @active_lls) ],
213 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
214 map $self->lib_paths_for($_), @active_lls) ],
215 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, @active_lls) ],
218 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for(undef);
224 my ($self, $path) = @_;
225 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
226 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
227 $self->ensure_dir_structure_for($path)
228 unless $self->no_create;
230 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
232 if (grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
233 $self = $self->deactivate($path);
237 bins => [ $self->install_base_bin_path($path), @{$self->bins} ],
238 libs => [ $self->install_base_perl_path($path), @{$self->libs} ],
239 inc => [ $self->lib_paths_for($path), @{$self->inc} ],
240 roots => [ $path, @{$self->roots} ],
243 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($path);
249 my ($self, $path) = @_;
250 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
252 $self = $self->activate($path);
257 sub build_environment_vars_for {
258 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
260 PATH => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->bins)),
261 PERL5LIB => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->libs)),
262 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->roots)),
267 sub setup_local_lib_for {
268 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
269 $self->setup_env_hash_for;
270 @INC = @{$self->inc};
273 sub setup_env_hash_for {
275 my %env = $self->build_environment_vars_for(@_);
276 for my $key (keys %env) {
277 if (defined $env{$key}) {
278 $ENV{$key} = $env{$key};
286 sub print_environment_vars_for {
288 print $self->environment_vars_string_for(@_);
291 sub environment_vars_string_for {
292 my $self = _legacy(@_);
294 my $build_method = 'build_' . $self->shelltype . '_env_declaration';
298 PERL5LIB => $self->libs,
299 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => $self->roots,
304 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
309 && ref $value->[0] eq 'SCALAR'
310 && ${$value->[0]} eq $name) {
314 && $value eq $ENV{$name}) {
317 $out .= $self->$build_method($name, $value);
322 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
323 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
324 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args);
327 return defined($value) ? qq{export ${name}="${value}"\n} : qq{unset ${name}\n};
329 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
330 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
331 my ($value, @vars) = $class->_interpolate($args);
332 @vars = grep { $_ ne $name || defined $value } @vars;
333 $value =~ s/"/"\\""/g
336 (map qq{if ! \$?$_ setenv $_ "";\n}, @vars),
338 ? qq{setenv $name "$value";\n}
339 : qq{unsetenv $name;\n});
341 sub build_cmd_env_declaration {
342 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
343 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '%', '%');
346 return qq{set $name=} . (defined($value) ? qq{"$value"} : '') . "\n";
348 sub build_powershell_env_declaration {
349 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
350 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '$env:');
351 if (defined $value) {
353 return qq{\$env:$name = "$value"\n};
355 return "Remove-Item Env:\\$name\n";
360 my ($class, $args, $start, $end) = @_;
362 unless defined $args;
367 $start = '$' unless defined $start;
368 $end = '' unless defined $end;
370 my $string = join($Config{path_sep}, map {
371 (ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? do { push @vars, $$_; $start.$$_.$end }
374 return wantarray ? ($string, @vars) : $string;
381 my $last = pop(@methods);
384 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
385 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
402 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
403 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
404 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
411 my ($class, $path) = @_;
413 $path = $class->${pipeline qw(
414 resolve_relative_path
419 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path)
425 sub resolve_empty_path {
426 my ($class, $path) = @_;
436 #:: test classmethod setup
438 my $c = 'local::lib';
446 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
447 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
453 sub resolve_home_path {
454 my ($class, $path) = @_;
455 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
456 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
458 if (!defined $user && defined $ENV{HOME}) {
463 File::Glob::bsd_glob("~$user", File::Glob::GLOB_TILDE());
466 unless (defined $homedir) {
469 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
470 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
473 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
477 sub resolve_relative_path {
478 my ($class, $path) = @_;
479 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
486 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
487 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
493 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
494 my ($class, $path) = @_;
496 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
498 require File::Basename;
502 $path = File::Basename::dirname($path);
504 mkdir $_ for reverse @dirs;
512 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
514 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
516 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
522 sub guess_shelltype {
524 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
525 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
526 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
529 local $_ = $shellbin;
537 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
538 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
539 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
540 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
542 local $_ = $shellbin;
545 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
547 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
564 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
570 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
572 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
576 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
580 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
581 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
583 # Just print out useful shell commands
585 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
586 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
587 export PERL5LIB="/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5"
588 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
590 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
592 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
593 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
594 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
595 local::lib in your home directory.
597 Even if you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
598 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
599 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
600 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
602 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
604 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
606 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
607 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
608 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
613 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
615 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
616 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
618 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
619 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
621 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
623 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
625 make test && make install
627 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
628 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
629 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
632 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
634 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
639 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
641 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to
642 give that as import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this
645 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
647 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
648 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
649 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
651 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
652 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
653 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
655 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
657 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
658 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
659 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
660 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
664 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
665 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
666 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
670 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
671 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
672 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
674 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
676 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
677 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
678 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
679 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
680 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
681 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
682 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
684 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
685 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
686 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
687 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
688 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
689 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
690 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
693 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
697 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
698 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
700 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
702 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
704 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
705 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
707 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
708 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
709 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
710 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5
711 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
713 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
714 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
715 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
717 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
718 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
720 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
721 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
722 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
723 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
724 and the subdirectories are created.
728 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
729 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
730 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
731 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
732 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
733 around to packaging up the version you need.
735 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
736 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
737 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
738 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
739 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
740 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
741 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
743 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
744 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
745 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
750 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
751 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
752 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
753 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
754 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
757 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
758 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
759 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
760 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
761 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
763 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
778 When possible, these will be appended to instead of overwritten entirely.
780 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
782 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
784 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
785 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
786 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
790 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
791 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
792 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
796 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
797 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
799 =head2 --deactivate-all
801 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
806 Specify the shell type to use for output. By default, the shell will be
807 detected based on the environment. Should be one of: C<bourne>, C<csh>,
808 C<cmd>, or C<powershell>.
812 Prevents C<local::lib> from creating directories when activating dirs. This is
813 likely to cause issues on Win32 systems.
817 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
821 =item Arguments: $path
823 =item Return value: None
827 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
828 an exception on failure.
830 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
834 =item Arguments: $path
836 =item Return value: None
840 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
841 given path as the base directory.
843 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
847 =item Arguments: $path
849 =item Return value: %environment_vars
853 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
854 given path as the base directory.
856 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
860 =item Arguments: $path
862 =item Return value: None
866 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
867 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
873 =item Arguments: None
875 =item Return value: @paths
879 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
880 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable and verified against
881 what is really in C<@INC>.
883 =head2 install_base_perl_path
887 =item Arguments: $path
889 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
893 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
894 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
897 =head2 install_base_bin_path
901 =item Arguments: $path
903 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
907 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
908 local library installation. Appends the directory C<bin> to the given path.
910 =head2 resolve_empty_path
914 =item Arguments: $path
916 =item Return value: $base_path
920 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
921 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
923 =head2 resolve_home_path
927 =item Arguments: $path
929 =item Return value: $home_path
933 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
934 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
936 =head2 resolve_relative_path
940 =item Arguments: $path
942 =item Return value: $absolute_path
946 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
952 =item Arguments: $path
954 =item Return value: $absolute_path
958 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
959 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
960 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
961 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
962 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
963 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
964 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
967 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
969 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
970 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
971 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
972 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
973 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
974 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
975 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
981 =item * Directory names with spaces in them are not well supported by the perl
982 toolchain and the programs it uses. Pure-perl distributions should support
983 spaces, but problems are more likely with dists that require compilation. A
984 workaround you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces
985 B<after> you installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be
986 aware that you can't update or install CPAN modules after the move.
988 =item * Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
989 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
990 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
991 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
993 =item * Kills any existing PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
995 =item * Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
999 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
1003 =item * On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment
1004 variables to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
1008 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
1010 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
1011 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
1012 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
1013 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
1014 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
1015 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
1016 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
1018 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
1020 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
1022 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
1032 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
1033 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
1035 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1043 =item * L<Perl Advent article, 2011|http://perladvent.org/2011/2011-12-01.html>
1051 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1055 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1057 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1061 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1062 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1064 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1065 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by
1066 Torsten Raudssus <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1068 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1069 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1070 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1071 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1072 properly. Many, many thanks!
1074 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1075 section. Many thanks!
1077 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1079 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1080 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1082 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1083 '--self-contained' option.
1085 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1086 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1088 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc
1089 patches contributed by Breno G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1091 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1092 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1094 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally
1095 <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1099 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1104 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1105 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.