11 our $VERSION = '1.008026'; # 1.8.26
12 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
15 my ($class, @args) = @_;
20 my $arg = shift @args;
21 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
22 # the fancy dash is U+2212 or \xE2\x88\x92
23 if ($arg =~ /\xE2\x88\x92/ or $arg =~ /−/) {
25 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
26 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
27 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
28 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
29 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
30 dashes with normal minus signs.
33 elsif ($arg eq '--self-contained') {
34 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
36 elsif( $arg =~ /^--deactivate(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
37 my $path = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
38 push @steps, ['deactivate', $path];
40 elsif ( $arg eq '--deactivate-all' ) {
41 push @steps, ['deactivate_all'];
43 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--/ ) {
44 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
47 push @steps, ['activate', $arg];
51 push @steps, ['activate', undef];
54 my $self = $class->new;
57 my ($method, @args) = @$_;
58 $self = $self->$method(@args);
62 $self->print_environment_vars_for;
66 $self->setup_local_lib_for;
77 bless {%$self, @_}, ref $self;
80 sub inc { $_[0]->{inc} ||= \@INC }
81 sub libs { $_[0]->{libs} ||= [ \'PERL5LIB' ] }
82 sub bins { $_[0]->{bins} ||= [ \'PATH' ] }
83 sub roots { $_[0]->{roots} ||= [ \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT' ] }
84 sub extra { $_[0]->{extra} ||= {} }
85 sub shelltype { $_[0]->{shelltype} ||= $_[0]->guess_shelltype }
87 my $_archname = $Config{archname};
88 my $_version = $Config{version};
89 my @_inc_version_list = reverse split / /, $Config{inc_version_list};
90 my $_path_sep = $Config{path_sep};
95 !(ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? $_ : (
96 defined $ENV{$$_} ? split(/\Q$_path_sep/, $ENV{$$_})
99 } ref $list ? @$list : $list;
102 my ($list, @remove) = @_;
103 my %remove = map { $_ => 1 } @remove;
104 grep !$remove{$_}, _as_list($list);
108 [$_version, $_archname],
111 (@_inc_version_list ? \@_inc_version_list : ()),
115 sub install_base_bin_path {
116 my ($class, $path) = @_;
117 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
119 sub install_base_perl_path {
120 my ($class, $path) = @_;
121 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
123 sub install_base_arch_path {
124 my ($class, $path) = @_;
125 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $_archname);
129 my ($class, $path) = @_;
130 my $base = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
131 return map { File::Spec->catdir($base, @$_) } @_lib_subdirs;
134 sub _mm_escape_path {
136 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\\\\\/g;
137 if ($path =~ s/ /\\ /g) {
138 $path = qq{"\\"$path\\""};
143 sub _mb_escape_path {
145 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
149 sub installer_options_for {
150 my ($class, $path) = @_;
152 PERL_MM_OPT => defined $path ? "INSTALL_BASE="._mm_escape_path($path) : undef,
153 PERL_MB_OPT => defined $path ? "--install_base "._mb_escape_path($path) : undef,
159 $self = ref $self ? $self : $self->new;
162 # screen out entries that aren't actually reflected in @INC
163 my $active_ll = $self->install_base_perl_path($_);
164 grep { $_ eq $active_ll } @{$self->inc};
165 } _as_list($self->roots);
170 my ($self, $path) = @_;
171 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
172 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
174 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
176 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
177 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
182 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins, $self->install_base_bin_path($path)) ],
183 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs, $self->install_base_perl_path($path)) ],
184 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc, $self->lib_paths_for($path)) ],
185 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, $path) ],
188 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($args{roots}[0]);
195 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
197 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
200 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
201 map $self->install_base_bin_path($_), @active_lls) ],
202 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
203 map $self->install_base_perl_path($_), @active_lls) ],
204 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
205 map $self->lib_paths_for($_), @active_lls) ],
206 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, @active_lls) ],
209 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for(undef);
215 my ($self, $path) = @_;
216 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
217 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
218 $self->ensure_dir_structure_for($path);
220 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
222 if (grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
223 $self = $self->deactivate($path);
227 bins => [ $self->install_base_bin_path($path), @{$self->bins} ],
228 libs => [ $self->install_base_perl_path($path), @{$self->libs} ],
229 inc => [ $self->lib_paths_for($path), @{$self->inc} ],
230 roots => [ $path, @{$self->roots} ],
233 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($path);
239 my ($self, $path, $deactivating) = @_;
240 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
241 $self = $self->${\($deactivating ? 'deactivate' : 'activate')}($path) if defined $path;
245 sub build_environment_vars_for {
246 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
248 PATH => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->bins)),
249 PERL5LIB => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->libs)),
250 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->roots)),
255 sub setup_local_lib_for {
256 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
257 $self->setup_env_hash_for;
258 @INC = @{$self->inc};
261 sub setup_env_hash_for {
263 my %env = $self->build_environment_vars_for(@_);
264 for my $key (keys %env) {
265 if (defined $env{$key}) {
266 $ENV{$key} = $env{$key};
274 sub print_environment_vars_for {
276 print $self->environment_vars_string_for(@_);
279 sub environment_vars_string_for {
280 my $self = _legacy(@_);
282 my $build_method = 'build_' . $self->shelltype . '_env_declaration';
286 PERL5LIB => $self->libs,
287 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => $self->roots,
292 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
297 && ref $value->[0] eq 'SCALAR'
298 && ${$value->[0]} eq $name) {
301 $out .= $self->$build_method($name, $value);
306 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
307 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
308 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args);
311 return defined($value) ? qq{export ${name}="${value}"\n} : qq{unset ${name}\n};
313 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
314 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
315 my ($value, @vars) = $class->_interpolate($args);
316 @vars = grep { $_ ne $name || defined $value } @vars;
317 $value =~ s/"/"\\""/g
320 (map qq{if ! \$?$_ setenv $_ "";\n}, @vars),
322 ? qq{setenv $name "$value";\n}
323 : qq{unsetenv $name;\n});
325 sub build_cmd_env_declaration {
326 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
327 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '%', '%');
330 return defined($value) ? qq{set ${name} "${value}"\n} : qq{set ${name}=\n};
334 my ($class, $args, $start, $end) = @_;
336 unless defined $args;
341 $start = '$' unless defined $start;
342 $end = '' unless defined $end;
344 my $string = join($Config{path_sep}, map {
345 (ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? do { push @vars, $$_; $start.$$_.$end }
348 return wantarray ? ($string, @vars) : $string;
355 my $last = pop(@methods);
358 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
359 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
376 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
377 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
378 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
385 my ($class, $path) = @_;
387 $path = $class->${pipeline qw(
388 resolve_relative_path
393 $path = Win32::GetShortPathName($path)
399 sub resolve_empty_path {
400 my ($class, $path) = @_;
410 #:: test classmethod setup
412 my $c = 'local::lib';
420 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
421 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
427 sub resolve_home_path {
428 my ($class, $path) = @_;
429 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
430 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
432 if (!defined $user && defined $ENV{HOME}) {
437 File::Glob::bsd_glob("~$user", File::Glob::GLOB_TILDE());
440 unless (defined $homedir) {
443 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
444 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
447 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
451 sub resolve_relative_path {
452 my ($class, $path) = @_;
453 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
460 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
461 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
467 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
468 my ($class, $path) = @_;
470 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
472 require File::Basename;
476 $path = File::Basename::dirname($path);
478 mkdir $_ for reverse @dirs;
486 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
488 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
490 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
496 sub guess_shelltype {
498 if(defined $ENV{'SHELL'}) {
499 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'SHELL'});
500 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
503 local $_ = $shellbin;
511 # Both Win32 and Cygwin have $ENV{COMSPEC} set.
512 if (defined $ENV{'COMSPEC'} && $^O ne 'cygwin') {
513 my @shell_bin_path_parts = File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{'COMSPEC'});
514 $shellbin = $shell_bin_path_parts[-1];
516 local $_ = $shellbin;
519 } elsif(/cmd\.exe/) {
521 } elsif(/4nt\.exe/) {
538 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
544 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
546 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
550 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
554 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
555 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
557 # Just print out useful shell commands
559 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
560 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
561 export PERL5LIB="/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5"
562 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
564 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
566 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
567 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
568 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
569 local::lib in your home directory.
571 Even if you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
572 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
573 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
574 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
576 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
578 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
580 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
581 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
582 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
587 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
589 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
590 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
592 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
593 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
595 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
597 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
599 make test && make install
601 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
602 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
603 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
606 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
608 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
613 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
615 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to
616 give that as import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this
619 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
621 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
622 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
623 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
625 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
626 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
627 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
629 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
631 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
632 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
633 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
634 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
638 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
639 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
640 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
644 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
645 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
646 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
648 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
650 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
651 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
652 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
653 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
654 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
655 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
656 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
658 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
659 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
660 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
661 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
662 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
663 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
664 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
667 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
671 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
672 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
674 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
676 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
678 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
679 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
681 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
682 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
683 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
684 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5
685 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
687 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
688 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
689 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
691 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
692 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
694 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
695 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
696 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
697 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
698 and the subdirectories are created.
702 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
703 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
704 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
705 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
706 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
707 around to packaging up the version you need.
709 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
710 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
711 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
712 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
713 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
714 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
715 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
717 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
718 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
719 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
724 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
725 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
726 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
727 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
728 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
731 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
732 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
733 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
734 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
735 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
737 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
752 When possible, these will be appended to instead of overwritten entirely.
754 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
756 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
758 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
759 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
760 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
764 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
765 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
766 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
770 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
771 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
773 =head2 --deactivate-all
775 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
780 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
784 =item Arguments: $path
786 =item Return value: None
790 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
791 an exception on failure.
793 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
797 =item Arguments: $path
799 =item Return value: None
803 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
804 given path as the base directory.
806 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
810 =item Arguments: $path, $interpolate
812 =item Return value: %environment_vars
816 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
817 given path as the base directory.
819 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
823 =item Arguments: $path
825 =item Return value: None
829 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
830 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
836 =item Arguments: None
838 =item Return value: @paths
842 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
843 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable and verified against
844 what is really in C<@INC>.
846 =head2 install_base_perl_path
850 =item Arguments: $path
852 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
856 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
857 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
860 =head2 install_base_bin_path
864 =item Arguments: $path
866 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
870 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
871 local library installation. Appends the directory C<bin> to the given path.
873 =head2 resolve_empty_path
877 =item Arguments: $path
879 =item Return value: $base_path
883 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
884 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
886 =head2 resolve_home_path
890 =item Arguments: $path
892 =item Return value: $home_path
896 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
897 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
899 =head2 resolve_relative_path
903 =item Arguments: $path
905 =item Return value: $absolute_path
909 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
915 =item Arguments: $path
917 =item Return value: $absolute_path
921 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
922 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
923 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
924 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
925 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
926 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
927 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
930 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
932 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
933 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
934 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
935 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
936 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
937 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
938 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
944 =item * Directory names with spaces in them are not well supported by the perl
945 toolchain and the programs it uses. Pure-perl distributions should support
946 spaces, but problems are more likely with dists that require compilation. A
947 workaround you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces
948 B<after> you installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be
949 aware that you can't update or install CPAN modules after the move.
951 =item * Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
952 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
953 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
954 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
956 =item * Kills any existing PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
958 =item * Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
962 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
966 =item * On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment
967 variables to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
971 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
973 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
974 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
975 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
976 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
977 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
978 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
979 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
981 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
983 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
985 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
995 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
996 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
998 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1006 =item * L<Perl Advent article, 2011|http://perladvent.org/2011/2011-12-01.html>
1014 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1018 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1020 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1024 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1025 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1027 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1028 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by
1029 Torsten Raudssus <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1031 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1032 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1033 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1034 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1035 properly. Many, many thanks!
1037 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1038 section. Many thanks!
1040 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1042 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1043 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1045 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1046 '--self-contained' option.
1048 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1049 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1051 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc
1052 patches contributed by Breno G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1054 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1055 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1057 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally
1058 <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1062 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1067 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1068 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.