11 our $VERSION = '1.008026'; # 1.8.26
12 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
15 my ($class, @args) = @_;
21 my $arg = shift @args;
22 # check for lethal dash first to stop processing before causing problems
23 # the fancy dash is U+2212 or \xE2\x88\x92
24 if ($arg =~ /\xE2\x88\x92/ or $arg =~ /−/) {
26 WHOA THERE! It looks like you've got some fancy dashes in your commandline!
27 These are *not* the traditional -- dashes that software recognizes. You
28 probably got these by copy-pasting from the perldoc for this module as
29 rendered by a UTF8-capable formatter. This most typically happens on an OS X
30 terminal, but can happen elsewhere too. Please try again after replacing the
31 dashes with normal minus signs.
34 elsif ($arg eq '--self-contained') {
35 die "FATAL: The local::lib --self-contained flag has never worked reliably and the original author, Mark Stosberg, was unable or unwilling to maintain it. As such, this flag has been removed from the local::lib codebase in order to prevent misunderstandings and potentially broken builds. The local::lib authors recommend that you look at the lib::core::only module shipped with this distribution in order to create a more robust environment that is equivalent to what --self-contained provided (although quite possibly not what you originally thought it provided due to the poor quality of the documentation, for which we apologise).\n";
37 elsif( $arg =~ /^--deactivate(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
38 my $path = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
39 push @steps, ['deactivate', $path];
41 elsif ( $arg eq '--deactivate-all' ) {
42 push @steps, ['deactivate_all'];
44 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--shelltype(?:=(.*))?$/ ) {
45 my $shell = defined $1 ? $1 : shift @args;
46 $opts{shelltype} = $shell;
48 elsif ( $arg eq '--no-create' ) {
51 elsif ( $arg =~ /^--/ ) {
52 die "Unknown import argument: $arg";
55 push @steps, ['activate', $arg];
59 push @steps, ['activate', undef];
62 my $self = $class->new(%opts);
65 my ($method, @args) = @$_;
66 $self = $self->$method(@args);
70 $self->print_environment_vars_for;
74 $self->setup_local_lib_for;
85 bless {%$self, @_}, ref $self;
88 sub inc { $_[0]->{inc} ||= \@INC }
89 sub libs { $_[0]->{libs} ||= [ \'PERL5LIB' ] }
90 sub bins { $_[0]->{bins} ||= [ \'PATH' ] }
91 sub roots { $_[0]->{roots} ||= [ \'PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT' ] }
92 sub extra { $_[0]->{extra} ||= {} }
93 sub shelltype { $_[0]->{shelltype} ||= $_[0]->guess_shelltype }
94 sub no_create { $_[0]->{no_create} }
96 my $_archname = $Config{archname};
97 my $_version = $Config{version};
98 my @_inc_version_list = reverse split / /, $Config{inc_version_list};
99 my $_path_sep = $Config{path_sep};
104 !(ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') ? $_ : (
105 defined $ENV{$$_} ? split(/\Q$_path_sep/, $ENV{$$_})
108 } ref $list ? @$list : $list;
111 my ($list, @remove) = @_;
114 my %remove = map { $_ => 1 } @remove;
115 grep !$remove{$_}, _as_list($list);
119 [$_version, $_archname],
122 (@_inc_version_list ? \@_inc_version_list : ()),
126 sub install_base_bin_path {
127 my ($class, $path) = @_;
128 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'bin');
130 sub install_base_perl_path {
131 my ($class, $path) = @_;
132 return File::Spec->catdir($path, 'lib', 'perl5');
134 sub install_base_arch_path {
135 my ($class, $path) = @_;
136 File::Spec->catdir($class->install_base_perl_path($path), $_archname);
140 my ($class, $path) = @_;
141 my $base = $class->install_base_perl_path($path);
142 return map { File::Spec->catdir($base, @$_) } @_lib_subdirs;
145 sub _mm_escape_path {
147 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\\\\\/g;
148 if ($path =~ s/ /\\ /g) {
149 $path = qq{"\\"$path\\""};
154 sub _mb_escape_path {
156 $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
160 sub installer_options_for {
161 my ($class, $path) = @_;
163 PERL_MM_OPT => defined $path ? "INSTALL_BASE="._mm_escape_path($path) : undef,
164 PERL_MB_OPT => defined $path ? "--install_base "._mb_escape_path($path) : undef,
170 $self = ref $self ? $self : $self->new;
173 # screen out entries that aren't actually reflected in @INC
174 my $active_ll = $self->install_base_perl_path($_);
175 grep { $_ eq $active_ll } @{$self->inc};
176 } _as_list($self->roots);
181 my ($self, $path) = @_;
182 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
183 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
185 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
187 if (!grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls) {
188 warn "Tried to deactivate inactive local::lib '$path'\n";
193 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins, $self->install_base_bin_path($path)) ],
194 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs, $self->install_base_perl_path($path)) ],
195 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc, $self->lib_paths_for($path)) ],
196 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, $path) ],
199 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($args{roots}[0]);
206 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
208 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
213 bins => [ _remove_from($self->bins,
214 map $self->install_base_bin_path($_), @active_lls) ],
215 libs => [ _remove_from($self->libs,
216 map $self->install_base_perl_path($_), @active_lls) ],
217 inc => [ _remove_from($self->inc,
218 map $self->lib_paths_for($_), @active_lls) ],
219 roots => [ _remove_from($self->roots, @active_lls) ],
223 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for(undef);
229 my ($self, $path) = @_;
230 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
231 $path = $self->resolve_path($path);
232 $self->ensure_dir_structure_for($path)
233 unless $self->no_create;
235 $path = ( Win32::GetShortPathName($path) || $path )
238 my @active_lls = $self->active_paths;
240 if (grep { $_ eq $path } @active_lls[1 .. $#active_lls]) {
241 $self = $self->deactivate($path);
245 if (!@active_lls || $active_lls[0] ne $path) {
247 bins => [ $self->install_base_bin_path($path), @{$self->bins} ],
248 libs => [ $self->install_base_perl_path($path), @{$self->libs} ],
249 inc => [ $self->lib_paths_for($path), @{$self->inc} ],
250 roots => [ $path, @{$self->roots} ],
254 $args{extra} = $self->installer_options_for($path);
260 my ($self, $path) = @_;
261 $self = $self->new unless ref $self;
263 $self = $self->activate($path);
268 sub build_environment_vars_for {
269 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
271 PATH => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->bins)),
272 PERL5LIB => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->libs)),
273 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => join($_path_sep, _as_list($self->roots)),
278 sub setup_local_lib_for {
279 my ($self) = _legacy(@_);
280 $self->setup_env_hash_for;
281 @INC = @{$self->inc};
284 sub setup_env_hash_for {
286 my %env = $self->build_environment_vars_for(@_);
287 for my $key (keys %env) {
288 if (defined $env{$key}) {
289 $ENV{$key} = $env{$key};
297 sub print_environment_vars_for {
299 print $self->environment_vars_string_for(@_);
302 sub environment_vars_string_for {
303 my $self = _legacy(@_);
305 my $build_method = 'build_' . $self->shelltype . '_env_declaration';
309 PERL5LIB => $self->libs,
310 PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT => $self->roots,
315 my ($name, $value) = (shift(@envs), shift(@envs));
320 && ref $value->[0] eq 'SCALAR'
321 && ${$value->[0]} eq $name) {
327 ? (defined $ENV{$name} && $value eq $ENV{$name})
328 : !defined $ENV{$name}
332 $out .= $self->$build_method($name, $value);
337 sub build_bourne_env_declaration {
338 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
339 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args);
341 ? qq{export ${name}="${value}";\n}
342 : qq{unset ${name};\n};
344 sub build_csh_env_declaration {
345 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
346 my ($value, @vars) = $class->_interpolate($args, undef, undef, '"', qq{"\\"});
347 (join '', map qq{if ! \$?$_ setenv $_ "";\n}, @vars)
349 ? qq{setenv $name "$value";\n}
350 : qq{unsetenv $name;\n};
352 sub build_cmd_env_declaration {
353 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
354 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '%', '%', qr([()!^"<>&|]), '^');
356 ? qq{set $name=$value\n}
359 sub build_powershell_env_declaration {
360 my ($class, $name, $args) = @_;
361 my $value = $class->_interpolate($args, '$env:', '', '"', '`');
363 ? qq{\$env:$name = "$value"\n}
364 : "Remove-Item Env:\\$name\n";
369 my ($class, $args, $start, $end, $escape, $escape_char) = @_;
371 unless defined $args;
376 $start = '$' unless defined $start;
377 $end = '' unless defined $end;
378 $escape = '"' unless defined $escape;
379 $escape_char = "\\" unless defined $escape_char;
381 my $string = join($Config{path_sep}, map {
382 if (ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'SCALAR') {
388 $str =~ s/($escape)/$escape_char$1/g;
392 return wantarray ? ($string, @vars) : $string;
399 my $last = pop(@methods);
402 my ($obj, @args) = @_;
403 $obj->${pipeline @methods}(
420 { package Foo; sub foo { -$_[1] } sub bar { $_[1]+2 } sub baz { $_[1]+3 } }
421 my $foo = bless({}, 'Foo');
422 Test::More::ok($foo->${pipeline qw(foo bar baz)}(10) == -15);
429 my ($class, $path) = @_;
431 $path = $class->${pipeline qw(
432 resolve_relative_path
440 sub resolve_empty_path {
441 my ($class, $path) = @_;
451 #:: test classmethod setup
453 my $c = 'local::lib';
461 is($c->resolve_empty_path, '~/perl5');
462 is($c->resolve_empty_path('foo'), 'foo');
468 sub resolve_home_path {
469 my ($class, $path) = @_;
470 return $path unless ($path =~ /^~/);
471 my ($user) = ($path =~ /^~([^\/]+)/); # can assume ^~ so undef for 'us'
473 if (!defined $user && defined $ENV{HOME}) {
478 File::Glob::bsd_glob("~$user", File::Glob::GLOB_TILDE());
481 unless (defined $homedir) {
484 "Couldn't resolve homedir for "
485 .(defined $user ? $user : 'current user')
488 $path =~ s/^~[^\/]*/$homedir/;
492 sub resolve_relative_path {
493 my ($class, $path) = @_;
494 $path = File::Spec->rel2abs($path);
501 local *File::Spec::rel2abs = sub { shift; 'FOO'.shift; };
502 is($c->resolve_relative_path('bar'),'FOObar');
508 sub ensure_dir_structure_for {
509 my ($class, $path) = @_;
511 warn "Attempting to create directory ${path}\n";
513 require File::Basename;
517 $path = File::Basename::dirname($path);
519 mkdir $_ for reverse @dirs;
527 File::Path::rmtree('t/var/splat');
529 $c->ensure_dir_structure_for('t/var/splat');
531 ok(-d 't/var/splat');
537 sub guess_shelltype {
539 = defined $ENV{SHELL}
540 ? (File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{SHELL}))[-1]
541 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && exists $ENV{'!EXITCODE'} )
543 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && $ENV{PROMPT} && $ENV{COMSPEC} )
544 ? (File::Spec->splitpath($ENV{COMSPEC}))[-1]
545 : ( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && !$ENV{PROMPT} )
552 : /command\.com/ ? 'cmd'
555 : /powershell\.exe/ ? 'powershell'
567 local::lib - create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB
573 use local::lib; # sets up a local lib at ~/perl5
575 use local::lib '~/foo'; # same, but ~/foo
579 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/../support"; # app-local support library
583 # Install LWP and its missing dependencies to the '~/perl5' directory
584 perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(LWP)'
586 # Just print out useful shell commands
588 export PERL_MB_OPT='--install_base /home/username/perl5'
589 export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/home/username/perl5'
590 export PERL5LIB="/home/username/perl5/lib/perl5"
591 export PATH="/home/username/perl5/bin:$PATH"
593 =head2 The bootstrapping technique
595 A typical way to install local::lib is using what is known as the
596 "bootstrapping" technique. You would do this if your system administrator
597 hasn't already installed local::lib. In this case, you'll need to install
598 local::lib in your home directory.
600 Even if you do have administrative privileges, you will still want to set up your
601 environment variables, as discussed in step 4. Without this, you would still
602 install the modules into the system CPAN installation and also your Perl scripts
603 will not use the lib/ path you bootstrapped with local::lib.
605 By default local::lib installs itself and the CPAN modules into ~/perl5.
607 Windows users must also see L</Differences when using this module under Win32>.
609 1. Download and unpack the local::lib tarball from CPAN (search for "Download"
610 on the CPAN page about local::lib). Do this as an ordinary user, not as root
611 or administrator. Unpack the file in your home directory or in any other
616 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
618 If the system asks you whether it should automatically configure as much
619 as possible, you would typically answer yes.
621 In order to install local::lib into a directory other than the default, you need
622 to specify the name of the directory when you call bootstrap, as follows:
624 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap=~/foo
626 3. Run this: (local::lib assumes you have make installed on your system)
628 make test && make install
630 4. Now we need to setup the appropriate environment variables, so that Perl
631 starts using our newly generated lib/ directory. If you are using bash or
632 any other Bourne shells, you can add this to your shell startup script this
635 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)' >>~/.bashrc
637 If you are using C shell, you can do this as follows:
642 perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib >> ~/.cshrc
644 If you passed to bootstrap a directory other than default, you also need to
645 give that as import parameter to the call of the local::lib module like this
648 echo 'eval $(perl -I$HOME/foo/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/foo)' >>~/.bashrc
650 After writing your shell configuration file, be sure to re-read it to get the
651 changed settings into your current shell's environment. Bourne shells use
652 C<. ~/.bashrc> for this, whereas C shells use C<source ~/.cshrc>.
654 If you're on a slower machine, or are operating under draconian disk space
655 limitations, you can disable the automatic generation of manpages from POD when
656 installing modules by using the C<--no-manpages> argument when bootstrapping:
658 perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap --no-manpages
660 To avoid doing several bootstrap for several Perl module environments on the
661 same account, for example if you use it for several different deployed
662 applications independently, you can use one bootstrapped local::lib
663 installation to install modules in different directories directly this way:
667 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./) ### To set the environment for this shell alone
668 printenv ### You will see that ~/mydir1 is in the PERL5LIB
669 perl -MCPAN -e install ... ### whatever modules you want
673 If you are working with several C<local::lib> environments, you may want to
674 remove some of them from the current environment without disturbing the others.
675 You can deactivate one environment like this (using bourne sh):
677 eval $(perl -Mlocal::lib=--deactivate,~/path)
679 which will generate and run the commands needed to remove C<~/path> from your
680 various search paths. Whichever environment was B<activated most recently> will
681 remain the target for module installations. That is, if you activate
682 C<~/path_A> and then you activate C<~/path_B>, new modules you install will go
683 in C<~/path_B>. If you deactivate C<~/path_B> then modules will be installed
684 into C<~/pathA> -- but if you deactivate C<~/path_A> then they will still be
685 installed in C<~/pathB> because pathB was activated later.
687 You can also ask C<local::lib> to clean itself completely out of the current
688 shell's environment with the C<--deactivate-all> option.
689 For multiple environments for multiple apps you may need to include a modified
690 version of the C<< use FindBin >> instructions in the "In code" sample above.
691 If you did something like the above, you have a set of Perl modules at C<<
692 ~/mydir1/lib >>. If you have a script at C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>,
693 you need to tell it where to find the modules you installed for it at C<<
696 In C<< ~/mydir1/scripts/myscript.pl >>:
700 use local::lib "$FindBin::Bin/.."; ### points to ~/mydir1 and local::lib finds lib
701 use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; ### points to ~/mydir1/lib
703 Put this before any BEGIN { ... } blocks that require the modules you installed.
705 =head2 Differences when using this module under Win32
707 To set up the proper environment variables for your current session of
708 C<CMD.exe>, you can use this:
710 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib
711 set PERL_MB_OPT=--install_base C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
712 set PERL_MM_OPT=INSTALL_BASE=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5
713 set PERL5LIB=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\lib\perl5
714 set PATH=C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\perl5\bin;%PATH%
716 ### To set the environment for this shell alone
717 C:\>perl -Mlocal::lib > %TEMP%\tmp.bat && %TEMP%\tmp.bat && del %TEMP%\tmp.bat
718 ### instead of $(perl -Mlocal::lib=./)
720 If you want the environment entries to persist, you'll need to add then to the
721 Control Panel's System applet yourself or use L<App::local::lib::Win32Helper>.
723 The "~" is translated to the user's profile directory (the directory named for
724 the user under "Documents and Settings" (Windows XP or earlier) or "Users"
725 (Windows Vista or later)) unless $ENV{HOME} exists. After that, the home
726 directory is translated to a short name (which means the directory must exist)
727 and the subdirectories are created.
731 The version of a Perl package on your machine is not always the version you
732 need. Obviously, the best thing to do would be to update to the version you
733 need. However, you might be in a situation where you're prevented from doing
734 this. Perhaps you don't have system administrator privileges; or perhaps you
735 are using a package management system such as Debian, and nobody has yet gotten
736 around to packaging up the version you need.
738 local::lib solves this problem by allowing you to create your own directory of
739 Perl packages downloaded from CPAN (in a multi-user system, this would typically
740 be within your own home directory). The existing system Perl installation is
741 not affected; you simply invoke Perl with special options so that Perl uses the
742 packages in your own local package directory rather than the system packages.
743 local::lib arranges things so that your locally installed version of the Perl
744 packages takes precedence over the system installation.
746 If you are using a package management system (such as Debian), you don't need to
747 worry about Debian and CPAN stepping on each other's toes. Your local version
748 of the packages will be written to an entirely separate directory from those
753 This module provides a quick, convenient way of bootstrapping a user-local Perl
754 module library located within the user's home directory. It also constructs and
755 prints out for the user the list of environment variables using the syntax
756 appropriate for the user's current shell (as specified by the C<SHELL>
757 environment variable), suitable for directly adding to one's shell
760 More generally, local::lib allows for the bootstrapping and usage of a
761 directory containing Perl modules outside of Perl's C<@INC>. This makes it
762 easier to ship an application with an app-specific copy of a Perl module, or
763 collection of modules. Useful in cases like when an upstream maintainer hasn't
764 applied a patch to a module of theirs that you need for your application.
766 On import, local::lib sets the following environment variables to appropriate
781 When possible, these will be appended to instead of overwritten entirely.
783 These values are then available for reference by any code after import.
785 =head1 CREATING A SELF-CONTAINED SET OF MODULES
787 See L<lib::core::only> for one way to do this - but note that
788 there are a number of caveats, and the best approach is always to perform a
789 build against a clean perl (i.e. site and vendor as close to empty as possible).
793 Options are values that can be passed to the C<local::lib> import besides the
794 directory to use. They are specified as C<use local::lib '--option'[, path];>
795 or C<perl -Mlocal::lib=--option[,path]>.
799 Remove the chosen path (or the default path) from the module search paths if it
800 was added by C<local::lib>, instead of adding it.
802 =head2 --deactivate-all
804 Remove all directories that were added to search paths by C<local::lib> from the
809 Specify the shell type to use for output. By default, the shell will be
810 detected based on the environment. Should be one of: C<bourne>, C<csh>,
811 C<cmd>, or C<powershell>.
815 Prevents C<local::lib> from creating directories when activating dirs. This is
816 likely to cause issues on Win32 systems.
820 =head2 ensure_dir_structure_for
824 =item Arguments: $path
826 =item Return value: None
830 Attempts to create the given path, and all required parent directories. Throws
831 an exception on failure.
833 =head2 print_environment_vars_for
837 =item Arguments: $path
839 =item Return value: None
843 Prints to standard output the variables listed above, properly set to use the
844 given path as the base directory.
846 =head2 build_environment_vars_for
850 =item Arguments: $path
852 =item Return value: %environment_vars
856 Returns a hash with the variables listed above, properly set to use the
857 given path as the base directory.
859 =head2 setup_env_hash_for
863 =item Arguments: $path
865 =item Return value: None
869 Constructs the C<%ENV> keys for the given path, by calling
870 L</build_environment_vars_for>.
876 =item Arguments: None
878 =item Return value: @paths
882 Returns a list of active C<local::lib> paths, according to the
883 C<PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT> environment variable and verified against
884 what is really in C<@INC>.
886 =head2 install_base_perl_path
890 =item Arguments: $path
892 =item Return value: $install_base_perl_path
896 Returns a path describing where to install the Perl modules for this local
897 library installation. Appends the directories C<lib> and C<perl5> to the given
900 =head2 install_base_bin_path
904 =item Arguments: $path
906 =item Return value: $install_base_bin_path
910 Returns a path describing where to install the executable programs for this
911 local library installation. Appends the directory C<bin> to the given path.
913 =head2 resolve_empty_path
917 =item Arguments: $path
919 =item Return value: $base_path
923 Builds and returns the base path into which to set up the local module
924 installation. Defaults to C<~/perl5>.
926 =head2 resolve_home_path
930 =item Arguments: $path
932 =item Return value: $home_path
936 Attempts to find the user's home directory. If installed, uses C<File::HomeDir>
937 for this purpose. If no definite answer is available, throws an exception.
939 =head2 resolve_relative_path
943 =item Arguments: $path
945 =item Return value: $absolute_path
949 Translates the given path into an absolute path.
955 =item Arguments: $path
957 =item Return value: $absolute_path
961 Calls the following in a pipeline, passing the result from the previous to the
962 next, in an attempt to find where to configure the environment for a local
963 library installation: L</resolve_empty_path>, L</resolve_home_path>,
964 L</resolve_relative_path>. Passes the given path argument to
965 L</resolve_empty_path> which then returns a result that is passed to
966 L</resolve_home_path>, which then has its result passed to
967 L</resolve_relative_path>. The result of this final call is returned from
970 =head1 A WARNING ABOUT UNINST=1
972 Be careful about using local::lib in combination with "make install UNINST=1".
973 The idea of this feature is that will uninstall an old version of a module
974 before installing a new one. However it lacks a safety check that the old
975 version and the new version will go in the same directory. Used in combination
976 with local::lib, you can potentially delete a globally accessible version of a
977 module while installing the new version in a local place. Only combine "make
978 install UNINST=1" and local::lib if you understand these possible consequences.
984 =item * Directory names with spaces in them are not well supported by the perl
985 toolchain and the programs it uses. Pure-perl distributions should support
986 spaces, but problems are more likely with dists that require compilation. A
987 workaround you can do is moving your local::lib to a directory with spaces
988 B<after> you installed all modules inside your local::lib bootstrap. But be
989 aware that you can't update or install CPAN modules after the move.
991 =item * Rather basic shell detection. Right now anything with csh in its name is
992 assumed to be a C shell or something compatible, and everything else is assumed
993 to be Bourne, except on Win32 systems. If the C<SHELL> environment variable is
994 not set, a Bourne-compatible shell is assumed.
996 =item * Kills any existing PERL_MM_OPT or PERL_MB_OPT.
998 =item * Should probably auto-fixup CPAN config if not already done.
1002 Patches very much welcome for any of the above.
1006 =item * On Win32 systems, does not have a way to write the created environment
1007 variables to the registry, so that they can persist through a reboot.
1011 =head1 TROUBLESHOOTING
1013 If you've configured local::lib to install CPAN modules somewhere in to your
1014 home directory, and at some point later you try to install a module with C<cpan
1015 -i Foo::Bar>, but it fails with an error like: C<Warning: You do not have
1016 permissions to install into /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux at
1017 /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/Foo/Bar.pm> and buried within the install log is an
1018 error saying C<'INSTALL_BASE' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name>, then
1019 you've somehow lost your updated ExtUtils::MakeMaker module.
1021 To remedy this situation, rerun the bootstrapping procedure documented above.
1023 Then, run C<rm -r ~/.cpan/build/Foo-Bar*>
1025 Finally, re-run C<cpan -i Foo::Bar> and it should install without problems.
1035 local::lib looks at the user's C<SHELL> environment variable when printing out
1036 commands to add to the shell configuration file.
1038 On Win32 systems, C<COMSPEC> is also examined.
1046 =item * L<Perl Advent article, 2011|http://perladvent.org/2011/2011-12-01.html>
1054 Join #local-lib on irc.perl.org.
1058 Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> http://www.shadowcat.co.uk/
1060 auto_install fixes kindly sponsored by http://www.takkle.com/
1064 Patches to correctly output commands for csh style shells, as well as some
1065 documentation additions, contributed by Christopher Nehren <apeiron@cpan.org>.
1067 Doc patches for a custom local::lib directory, more cleanups in the english
1068 documentation and a L<german documentation|POD2::DE::local::lib> contributed by
1069 Torsten Raudssus <torsten@raudssus.de>.
1071 Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org> sent in some additional tests for ensuring
1072 things will install properly, submitted a fix for the bug causing problems with
1073 writing Makefiles during bootstrapping, contributed an example program, and
1074 submitted yet another fix to ensure that local::lib can install and bootstrap
1075 properly. Many, many thanks!
1077 pattern of Freenode IRC contributed the beginnings of the Troubleshooting
1078 section. Many thanks!
1080 Patch to add Win32 support contributed by Curtis Jewell <csjewell@cpan.org>.
1082 Warnings for missing PATH/PERL5LIB (as when not running interactively) silenced
1083 by a patch from Marco Emilio Poleggi.
1085 Mark Stosberg <mark@summersault.com> provided the code for the now deleted
1086 '--self-contained' option.
1088 Documentation patches to make win32 usage clearer by
1089 David Mertens <dcmertens.perl@gmail.com> (run4flat).
1091 Brazilian L<portuguese translation|POD2::PT_BR::local::lib> and minor doc
1092 patches contributed by Breno G. de Oliveira <garu@cpan.org>.
1094 Improvements to stacking multiple local::lib dirs and removing them from the
1095 environment later on contributed by Andrew Rodland <arodland@cpan.org>.
1097 Patch for Carp version mismatch contributed by Hakim Cassimally
1098 <osfameron@cpan.org>.
1102 Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 the local::lib L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS> as
1107 This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1108 the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.